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Nwobodo DC, Okoye NN, Sifir Mudkhur M, Ikem JC, Eze PM, Okoye FBC, Saki M, Esimone CO. In vitro antiplasmodial and anticancer analyses of endophytic fungal extracts isolated from selected Nigerian medicinal plants. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19765. [PMID: 39187506 PMCID: PMC11347640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ethnomedicinal plants are thought to have better prospects of harboring endophytes that produce natural products with pharmacological activities. This study aimed to investigate the antiplasmodial and anticancer properties of secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi from three medicinal plants. The endophytic fungi included Lasiodiplodia theobromae isolated from Cola acuminata, Curvularia lunata Bv4 isolated from Bambusa vulgaris, and Curvularia lunata Eg7 isolated from Elaeis guineensis. The identification of the fungi was based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS-rDNA) sequence. The fungi were subjected to solid-state fermentation and the secondary metabolites were extracted with ethyl acetate. In vitro antiplasmodial screening of extracts was performed using the SYBR green I-based fluorescence assay on the chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain DD2. The cytotoxicity of the extracts on human red blood cells and Jurkat (leukemia) cells was assessed using the tetrazolium-based colorimetric MTT assay. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was used to identify the constituents of the fungal extracts. The extract of L. theobromae showed the best antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum (IC50 = 5.4 µg/mL) and was not harmful to erythrocytes (CC50 > 100 µg/mL). All three fungal extracts showed a weak cytotoxic effect against Jukart cell lines (CC50 > 100 µg/mL). GC-MS analysis of the three endophytic fungal extracts revealed the presence of forty major bioactive compounds, including: oxalic acid, isobutyl nonyl ester, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, and hexadecanoic acid, among others. The endophytic fungi from the medicinal plants in this study were promising sources of bioactive compounds that could be further evaluated as novel drugs for the treatment of malaria caused by P. falciparum-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Chinemerem Nwobodo
- Department of Microbiology, Renaissance University, Enugu, Nigeria.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
| | - Nkeoma Nkasi Okoye
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | | | - Joseph Chinedu Ikem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Peter Maduabuchi Eze
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Festus Basden Chiedu Okoye
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Morteza Saki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Charles Okechukwu Esimone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
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Deresa EM, Abdissa N, Abdissa D. Chemical constituents of the roots of Kniphofia schimperi and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28927. [PMID: 38601666 PMCID: PMC11004798 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Kniphofia schimperi is one of the endemic plants of Ethiopia and is widely used for the treatment of microbial infections. However, the biological and phytochemical information pertaining to this plant has not been reported so far. Anticipated by these claims, the chromatographic isolation of the CHCl3/CH3OH (1:1 v/v) extract of the roots of K. schimperi afforded five compounds, viz., knipholone (1), asphodeline (2), β-sitosterol (3), 9-pentacosenoic acid (4), and nonacosanoic acid (5). The structures of the isolated compounds were identified based on their NMR (1D and 2D) spectral data analysis and comparison with reported literature data. The crude extract and isolated compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against four bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus) and a fungal strain (Candida albicans) using the agar disk diffusion method. The test samples showed moderate antimicrobial activity, with the highest activity observed for compound 3 (with a zone of growth inhibition of 15.5 ± 0.71 mm) against S. typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebisa Mirete Deresa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Negera Abdissa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Dele Abdissa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Sarma M, Abdalla M, Zothantluanga JH, Abdullah Thagfan F, Umar AK, Chetia D, Almanaa TN, Al-Shouli ST. Multi-target molecular dynamic simulations reveal glutathione-S-transferase as the most favorable drug target of knipholone in Plasmodium falciparum. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:12808-12824. [PMID: 36752355 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2175378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Knipholone is an antiplasmodial phytocompound obtained from the roots of Kniphofia foliosa. Despite several available studies, the molecular drug targets of knipholone in P. falciparum remained unknown. Nowadays, in silico techniques are widely used to study the molecular interactions between compounds and proteins as they provide results quickly with high precision and accuracy. In this study, we aim to identify the potential molecular drug targets of knipholone in P. falciparum. We selected 10 proteins of P. falciparum with unique metabolic functions and we found that knipholone showed better binding affinity than the native ligands of 6 proteins. Out of the 6 proteins, knipholone showed better enzyme inhibitory potential than the native ligands of 4 proteins. We carried out a 100 ns MD simulations for knipholone and the native ligands of four proteins and this was followed by binding free energy calculations. In each step, the performance of knipholone was compared to the native ligands of the proteins. Knipholone outperformed the native ligand of Glutathione-S-Transferase (1OKT) at crucial computational studies as evidence from the lower protein-ligand root mean square deviation value, protein root mean square fluctuation value, and protein-ligand binding free energies. The ligand properties of knipholone provide additional evidence for its stability and it maintains adequate protein-ligand contacts during the entire simulation. The density functional theory study also supported the stability of knipholone at the active binding site of 1OKT. From the studied proteins, we conclude that Glutathione-S-Transferase is the most favorable drug target for knipholone in P. falciparum.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malita Sarma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Mohnad Abdalla
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - James H Zothantluanga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Felwa Abdullah Thagfan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abd Kakhar Umar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
| | - Dipak Chetia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Taghreed N Almanaa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samia T Al-Shouli
- Immunology Unit, Pathology department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Nigussie G, Tegegn M, Abeje D, Melak H. A comprehensive review of the ethnomedicine, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities of the genus Kniphofia. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1177-1189. [PMID: 35701101 PMCID: PMC9477484 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2085753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Kniphofia (Asphodelaceae) is found mainly in South Africa and Tropical Africa. Malaria, hepatitis B, blood purifier, cancer, eczema, and female infertility have all been traditionally treated using this genus. OBJECTIVE The current review provides a complete and up-to-date compilation of documented traditional medicinal uses, phytochemicals, and pharmacological activities of the genus. METHOD Relevant literature was collected by searching the major electronic scientific databases including PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using appropriate keywords ethnomedicinal studies, phytochemical investigations, and pharmacological activities of Kniphofia species. The search strategy included all articles with descriptors that were available until November 30, 2021. Only published works in English were used for this study. The data were collected using textual descriptions of the studies, tabulation, grouping, and figures. RESULT At present, more than 40 compounds have been isolated from different parts of Kniphofia species. The major compounds isolated from the Kniphofia species are monomeric anthraquinones and dimeric anthraquinones. Pharmacologically the extracts and isolated compounds showed antioxidant, antimalarial, antiproliferative, anti-HIV-1, anti-leukotriene, and cytotoxic activity. The genus afforded exemplary drug leads such as knipholone and knipholone anthrone with anti-HIV-1, antimalarial and cytotoxicity activity. CONCLUSIONS Kniphofia species have traditionally been used to treat a variety of diseases. Pharmacological actions of phytochemicals were shown to be promising. Despite this, considering the genus's inclusion on the red data list of South Africa, it deserves more attention. In order to find novel drug candidates, more studies on promising crude extracts and compounds are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gashaw Nigussie
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Metasebia Tegegn
- Department of Immunology, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dessalegn Abeje
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Haregua Melak
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Sema DK, Lannang AM, Zofou D, ur-Rehman M, Fung TH, Tsague Tankeu VF, Wansi JD, Sewald N, Choudhary MI. In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation of the Antimalarial Activities of Kniphofia reflexa Hutchinson ex Codd. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221133582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In a phytochemical investigation of the rhizomes of Kniphofia reflexa, an endemic plant used to treat relapsing fevers in Kejom, northwestern Cameroon, 12 known (1-12) compounds were obtained following chromatographic methods and purification, together with 3 new derivatives (13-15) prepared by acetylation. One-dimensional and 2-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies together with infrared and ultraviolet spectral analyses in association with data found in the literature were used to determine the structure of the compounds. In the in vitro evaluation of compounds 1-9, 12-14, and the crude extract against Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-sensitive (D6) and chloroquine-resistant (W2) strains, cassiamin C (1) [IC50 0.57 ± 0.54 (D6); 0.78 ± 0.08 (W2)], and crude extract [IC50 1.06 ± 0.22 (D6); 1.08 ± 0.12 (W2)] were highly active against the parasites. Kniphofiarexine (12) was inactive. However, its derivative, kniphofiarexine B (14), was moderately active. In the in vivo studies, the extract suppressed Plasmodium berghei growth, but did not clear completely the parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Kehdinga Sema
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Alain Meli Lannang
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Industries, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Denis Zofou
- Medical Research and Applied Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Mujeeb- ur-Rehman
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Tegha Hycienth Fung
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
| | | | - Jean Duplex Wansi
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - M. Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Nigussie G, Wale M. Medicinal plants used in traditional treatment of malaria in Ethiopia: a review of ethnomedicine, anti-malarial and toxicity studies. Malar J 2022; 21:262. [PMID: 36088324 PMCID: PMC9463824 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04264-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Malaria is extremely common in Ethiopia, and it is one of the country's most serious public health and economic problems. Traditional medicines have long been utilized in Ethiopia by people of various ethnic groups. As a result, the goal of this study is to record the use of Ethiopian medicinal herbs that have been used to treat malaria. Also, a critical review of the literature on the therapeutic properties of these and other Ethiopian medicinal plants that have been tested against Plasmodium spp. parasites was conducted with the goal of highlighting neglected studies and fostering further research in this area.
Methods
A comprehensive literature search was performed in Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) from August 2021 to October 2021. The study databases included original articles published in peer reviewed journals covering anti-malarial plants, dated until October 2021.
Results
The review looked at 51 plant species (28 families) that have been used to treat malaria in Ethiopia. The most often used ethnobotanical plant species for the treatment of malaria were Allium sativum, Croton macrostachyus, Carica papaya, and Lepidium sativum. Leaves were used more frequently as a therapeutic preparation than other parts. Plant extracts were found to have very good, good, and moderate anti-malarial activity in mice with rodent Plasmodium species. The most active species were Ajuga remota and Capsicum frufescens, which suppressed parasitaemia by 77.34% and 72.65%, respectively, at an oral dose of 100 mg/kg and an LD50 of above 2000 mg/kg. The compound Aloinoside reported from Aloe macrocarpa leave latex was the most potent; it suppressed parasitaemia by 100% at 400 mg/kg oral dose of Plasmodium berghei infected mice, and its LD50 was above 2000 mg/kg. Toxicity was shown to be safe in 84% of the plant extracts.
Conclusion
In Ethiopia, medicinal plants have a significant part in reducing the severity of malaria due to their widespread use. As a result, more studies are needed to identify and develop effective novel drugs that could be employed in broader malaria eradication efforts.
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Botanical description, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of genus Kniphofia and Aloe: A review. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Ayalew H, Tewelde E, Abebe B, Alebachew Y, Tadesse S. Endemic medicinal plants of Ethiopia: Ethnomedicinal uses, biological activities and chemical constituents. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115307. [PMID: 35452775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Around 80% of Ethiopians rely on traditional medicinal plants to treat a variety of ailments, and the country is home to a number of endemic plants, making it part of East Africa's hotspot of biodiversity. Despite widespread acceptance of endemic medicinal plants among the local community, comprehensive documentation of their therapeutic uses and phytochemistry is lacking. This review thus provides the first comprehensive appraisal of traditional use, pharmacological properties and phytochemistry of Ethiopian endemic medicinal plants. By storing and preserving indigenous and scientific knowledge about the medicinal benefits of the plants, such documentation generates information database for the future. It also aids the conservation of key medicinal plants along with translational research to accelerate the development of pharmaceuticals. AIM OF THE REVIEW The aims of this review are to collect and document current information on the ethnopharmacological uses, phytochemistry, and biological activities of Ethiopian endemic medicinal plants, identify research gaps, and provide perspectives and suggestions for future research on the plants as potential sources of pharmaceuticals. MATERIALS & METHODS A comprehensive literature review using electronic databases such as Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Wiley Online Library was conducted for collecting relevant information. The World Flora Online (WFO) database and the International Plant Names Index (IPNI) were utilized to authenticate the taxonomic information of the plants. Chemical structures were drawn using ChemBioDraw Ultra 12.1 and verified via PubChem. RESULTS The present review has identified 412 Ethiopian endemic plants. Out of the 412 endemic plants species recorded for Ethiopia 44 are medicinally valuable to mitigate a myriad of diseases, and nine (27.3%) of them are endangered. Our literature survey also found out that a total of 74 compounds were isolated and characterized from the endemic plants, with phenolics accounting for the majority of them (66.2%). The plants exhibited antimalarial, antimicrobial, anticancer, anthelmintic, mosquitocidal, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. CONCLUSION The work has resulted in an up-to-date inventory of Ethiopia's endemic flora, as well as the identification of species with traditional medicinal uses. The pharmacological activity and phytochemistry of numerous endemic plants with various traditional therapeutic claims are yet to be researched scientifically. Scientific validation of the herbal remedies, including evidence-based safety and efficacy studies are, therefore, crucial. The endangered medicinal plants must be conserved in order for local communities to have access to them in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiwot Ayalew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Eyael Tewelde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Besufekad Abebe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Yonatan Alebachew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Solomon Tadesse
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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Tajbakhsh E, Kwenti TE, Kheyri P, Nezaratizade S, Lindsay DS, Khamesipour F. Antiplasmodial, antimalarial activities and toxicity of African medicinal plants: a systematic review of literature. Malar J 2021; 20:349. [PMID: 34433465 PMCID: PMC8390284 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03866-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria still constitutes a major public health menace, especially in tropical and subtropical countries. Close to half a million people mainly children in Africa, die every year from the disease. With the rising resistance to frontline drugs (artemisinin-based combinations), there is a need to accelerate the discovery and development of newer anti-malarial drugs. A systematic review was conducted to identify the African medicinal plants with significant antiplasmodial and/or anti-malarial activity, toxicity, as wells as assessing the variation in their activity between study designs (in vitro and in vivo). METHODS Key health-related databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, PubMed Central, and Science Direct were searched for relevant literature on the antiplasmodial and anti-malarial activities of African medicinal plants. RESULTS In total, 200 research articles were identified, a majority of which were studies conducted in Nigeria. The selected research articles constituted 722 independent experiments evaluating 502 plant species. Of the 722 studies, 81.9%, 12.4%, and 5.5% were in vitro, in vivo, and combined in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The most frequently investigated plant species were Azadirachta indica, Zanthoxylum chalybeum, Picrilima nitida, and Nauclea latifolia meanwhile Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Annonaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae, Meliaceae, and Lamiaceae were the most frequently investigated plant families. Overall, 248 (34.3%), 241 (33.4%), and 233 (32.3%) of the studies reported very good, good, and moderate activity, respectively. Alchornea cordifolia, Flueggea virosa, Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, Zanthoxylum chalybeum, and Maytenus senegalensis gave consistently very good activity across the different studies. In all, only 31 (4.3%) of studies involved pure compounds and these had significantly (p = 0.044) higher antiplasmodial activity relative to crude extracts. Out of the 198 plant species tested for toxicity, 52 (26.3%) demonstrated some degree of toxicity, with toxicity most frequently reported with Azadirachta indica and Vernonia amygdalina. These species were equally the most frequently inactive plants reported. The leaves were the most frequently reported toxic part of plants used. Furthermore, toxicity was observed to decrease with increasing antiplasmodial activity. CONCLUSIONS Although there are many indigenous plants with considerable antiplasmodial and anti-malarial activity, the progress in the development of new anti-malarial drugs from African medicinal plants is still slothful, with only one clinical trial with Cochlospermum planchonii (Bixaceae) conducted to date. There is, therefore, the need to scale up anti-malarial drug discovery in the African region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Tajbakhsh
- Department of Microbiology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Tebit Emmanuel Kwenti
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Regional Hospital Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Parya Kheyri
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Saeed Nezaratizade
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - David S Lindsay
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for One Health Research, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, 1410 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA, 24061-0342, USA
| | - Faham Khamesipour
- Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Andima M, Ndakala A, Derese S, Biswajyoti S, Hussain A, Yang LJ, Akoth OE, Coghi P, Pal C, Heydenreich M, Wong VKW, Yenesew A. Antileishmanial and cytotoxic activity of secondary metabolites from Taberneamontana ventricosa and two aloe species. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:1365-1369. [PMID: 33459049 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1871906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the antileishmanial and cytotoxic activities of secondary metabolites isolated from Tabernaemontana ventricosa Hochst. ex A. DC., Aloe tororoana Reynolds, and Aloe schweinfurthii var. labworana Reynolds were investigated. Overall, nineteen known compounds were isolated from the three plant species. The compounds were characterized based on their spectroscopic data. Voacristine and aloenin were the most active compounds against promastigotes of antimony-sensitive Leishmania donovani (IC50 11 ± 5.2 μM and 26 ± 6.5 µM, respectively) with low toxicity against RAW264.7, murine monocyte/macrophage-like cells. The in silico docking evaluation and in vitro NO generation assay also substantially support the antileishmanial effects of these compounds. In a cytotoxicity assay against cancer and normal cell lines, ursolic acid highly inhibited proliferation of lung cancer cells, A549 (IC50 6.61 ± 0.7 μM) while voacristine was moderately active against human liver cancer cells, HepG2 (IC50 23.0 ± 0.0 μM). All other compounds were inactive against the test parasites and cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Andima
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Chemistry, Busitema University, Tororo, Uganda
| | - Albert Ndakala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Solomon Derese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sarkar Biswajyoti
- Cellular Immunology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Parganas, West Bengal, India
| | - Aabid Hussain
- Cellular Immunology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Parganas, West Bengal, India
| | - Li Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | | | - Paolo Coghi
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Chiranjib Pal
- Cellular Immunology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Parganas, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Vincent Kam-Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Abiy Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
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Alebachew Y, Bisrat D, Tadesse S, Asres K. In vivo anti-malarial activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of rhizomes of Kniphofia foliosa and its constituents. Malar J 2021; 20:3. [PMID: 33386079 PMCID: PMC7777528 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03552-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kniphofia foliosa is a flamboyant robust perennial herb which has dense clumps and tick upright rhizomes with leaves at the base. In Ethiopia, it has several vernacular names including Abelbila, Ashenda, Amelmela, Yeznjero Ageda, Shemetmetie and Yezinjero Ageda. The plant is endemic to Ethiopian highlands, where its rhizomes are traditionally used for the treatment of malaria, abdominal cramps and wound healing. In the present study, the 80% methanol extract of K. foliosa rhizomes and its constituents are tested against Plasmodium berghei in mice. METHODS Isolation was carried out using column and preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC). The chemical structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (ESI-MS, 1D and 2D-NMR). Peters' 4-day suppressive test against P. berghei in mice was utilized for in vivo anti-malarial evaluation of the test substances. RESULTS Two compounds, namely knipholone and dianellin were isolated from the 80% methanolic extract of K. foliosa rhizomes, and characterized. The hydroalcoholic extract (400 mg/kg) and knipholone (200 mg/kg) showed the highest activity with chemosuppression values of 61.52 and 60.16%, respectively. From the dose-response plot, the median effective (ED50) doses of knipholone and dianellin were determined to be 81.25 and 92.31 mg/kg, respectively. Molecular docking study revealed that knipholone had a strong binding affinity to Plasmodium falciparum l-lactate dehydrogenase (pfLDH) target. CONCLUSION Results of the current study support the traditional use of the plant for the treatment of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Alebachew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Bisrat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Tadesse
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kaleab Asres
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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Patel OPS, Beteck RM, Legoabe LJ. Antimalarial application of quinones: A recent update. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:113084. [PMID: 33333397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Atovaquone belongs to a naphthoquinone class of drugs and is used in combination with proguanil (Malarone) for the treatment of acute, uncomplicated malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum (including chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum/P. vivax). Numerous quinone-derived compounds have attracted considerable attention in the last few decades due to their potential in antimalarial drug discovery. Several semi-synthetic derivatives of natural quinones, synthetic quinones (naphtho-/benzo-quinone, anthraquinones, thiazinoquinones), and quinone-based hybrids were explored for their in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activities. A careful literature survey revealed that this topic has not been compiled as a review article so far. Therefore, we herein summarise the recent discovery (the year 2009-2020) of quinone based antimalarial compounds in chronological order. This compilation would be very useful towards the exploration of novel quinone-derived compounds against malarial parasites with promising efficacy and lesser side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om P S Patel
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
| | - Richard M Beteck
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Lesetja J Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
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Tesfaye S, Belete A, Engidawork E, Gedif T, Asres K. Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants Used by Traditional Healers to Treat Cancer-Like Symptoms in Eleven Districts, Ethiopia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:7683450. [PMID: 32382303 PMCID: PMC7191438 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7683450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is no ethnobotanical study conducted specifically on medicinal plants traditionally used to treat cancer in Ethiopia. Yet, traditional herbalists in different parts of the country claim that they have been treating cancer-like symptoms using herbal remedies. The objective of this study was to document medicinal plants traditionally used to treat cancer-like symptoms in eleven districts, Ethiopia. Traditional herbalists were interviewed using semistructured questionnaires, and field visits were also carried out to collect claimed plants for identification purpose. Seventy-four traditional herbalists, who claimed that they knew about and/or had used medicinal plants to treat cancer-like symptoms, were selected using the snowball method and interviewed. Herbalists used their intuition and relied on the chronicity, growth of external mass, and spreading of the disease to other parts of the body, as a means to characterize cancer symptoms. Furthermore, in some of the study districts, herbalists reported that they treat patients who had already been diagnosed in modern healthcare institutions prior to seeking help from them. The inventory of medicinal plants is summarized in a synoptic table, which contains the scientific and vernacular names of the plants, their geographical location, the parts of the plants, and the methods used to prepare the remedies. A total of 53 traditionally used anticancer plants, belonging to 30 families, were identified during the survey. The most frequently reported anticancer plants were Acmella caulirhiza Del (Asteraceae), Clematis simensis Fresen. (Ranunculaceae), Croton macrostachyus Del. (Euphorbiaceae), and Dorstenia barnimiana Schweinf. (Moraceae). Organizing traditional healers, documenting their indigenous knowledge, and scientifically validating it for the development of better cancer therapeutic agents constitute an urgent and important task for policymakers and scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Tesfaye
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Anteneh Belete
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ephrem Engidawork
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Teferi Gedif
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kaleab Asres
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Tajuddeen N, Van Heerden FR. Antiplasmodial natural products: an update. Malar J 2019; 18:404. [PMID: 31805944 PMCID: PMC6896759 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-3026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria remains a significant public health challenge in regions of the world where it is endemic. An unprecedented decline in malaria incidences was recorded during the last decade due to the availability of effective control interventions, such as the deployment of artemisinin-based combination therapy and insecticide-treated nets. However, according to the World Health Organization, malaria is staging a comeback, in part due to the development of drug resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover new anti-malarial drugs. This article reviews the literature on natural products with antiplasmodial activity that was reported between 2010 and 2017. Methods Relevant literature was sourced by searching the major scientific databases, including Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SciFinder, Pubmed, and Google Scholar, using appropriate keyword combinations. Results and Discussion A total of 1524 compounds from 397 relevant references, assayed against at least one strain of Plasmodium, were reported in the period under review. Out of these, 39% were described as new natural products, and 29% of the compounds had IC50 ≤ 3.0 µM against at least one strain of Plasmodium. Several of these compounds have the potential to be developed into viable anti-malarial drugs. Also, some of these compounds could play a role in malaria eradication by targeting gametocytes. However, the research into natural products with potential for blocking the transmission of malaria is still in its infancy stage and needs to be vigorously pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Tajuddeen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa
| | - Fanie R Van Heerden
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa.
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Pullella GA, Wdowiak AP, Sykes ML, Lucantoni L, Sukhoverkov KV, Zulfiqar B, Sobolev AN, West NP, Mylne JS, Avery VM, Piggott MJ. Total Synthesis of the Antimalarial Ascidian Natural Product Albopunctatone. Org Lett 2019; 21:5519-5523. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melissa L. Sykes
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leonardo Lucantoni
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Bilal Zulfiqar
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Nicholas P. West
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Vicky M. Avery
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
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Osman CP, Ismail NH. Antiplasmodial Anthraquinones from Medicinal Plants: The Chemistry and Possible Mode of Actions. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801301207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria killed nearly half a million people in 2015, and 70% of this victims were young children. Malarial chemotherapy makes use of several drugs, each with its own pharmacological limitations, and with parasite resistance being the most challenging. People of low income nations often rely on traditional medicine as a treatment due to limited access to modern healthcare services. Despite uncertainties present in the outcome of traditional medicine, ethnomedicine approach has yielded important lead candidates. The investigation of medicinal plants utilized in the malaria endemic region yielded many antiplasmodial compounds with anthraquinone moiety. This paper describes natural anthraquinones extracted from medicinal plants utilized in traditional medicine for the treatment of malaria. In addition, the insight on structure-activity relationship and their mode of actions are also elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Puteh Osman
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Atta-ur Rahman Institute of Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hadiani Ismail
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Atta-ur Rahman Institute of Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Gulumian M, Yahaya ES, Steenkamp V. African Herbal Remedies with Antioxidant Activity: A Potential Resource Base for Wound Treatment. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:4089541. [PMID: 30595712 PMCID: PMC6282146 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4089541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of traditional herbal remedies as alternative medicine plays an important role in Africa since it forms part of primary health care for treatment of various medical conditions, including wounds. Although physiological levels of free radicals are essential to the healing process, they are known to partly contribute to wound chronicity when in excess. Consequently, antioxidant therapy has been shown to facilitate healing of such wounds. Also, a growing body of evidence suggests that, at least, part of the therapeutic value of herbals may be explained by their antioxidant activity. This paper reviews African herbal remedies with antioxidant activity with the aim of indicating potential resources for wound treatment. Firstly, herbals with identified antioxidant compounds and, secondly, herbals with proven antioxidant activity, but where the compound(s) responsible for the activity has not yet been identified, are listed. In the latter case it has been attempted to ascribe the activity to a compound known to be present in the plant family and/or species, where related activity has previously been documented for another genus of the species. Also, the tests employed to assess antioxidant activity and the potential caveats thereof during assessment are briefly commented on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Gulumian
- National Institute for Occupational Health, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Haematology and Molecular Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ewura Seidu Yahaya
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Vanessa Steenkamp
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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18
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Evaluation of In vivo Antimalarial Activities of leaves of Moringa oleifera against Plasmodium berghei in Mice. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.60426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Abdissa N, Gohlke S, Frese M, Sewald N. Cytotoxic Compounds from Aloe megalacantha. Molecules 2017; 22:E1136. [PMID: 28686200 PMCID: PMC6152336 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the ethyl acetate extract of the roots of Aloe megalacantha led to the isolation of four new natural products-1,8-dimethoxynepodinol (1), aloesaponarin III (2), 10-O-methylchrysalodin (3) and methyl-26-O-feruloyl-oxyhexacosanate (4)-along with ten known compounds. All purified metabolites were characterized by NMR, mass spectrometric analyses and comparison with literature data. The isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against a human cervix carcinoma cell line KB-3-1 and some of them exhibited good activity, with aloesaponarin II (IC50 = 0.98 µM) being the most active compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negera Abdissa
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, P.O. Box 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, 251 Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Sebastian Gohlke
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, P.O. Box 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Marcel Frese
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, P.O. Box 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, P.O. Box 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany.
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Selective enrichment in bioactive compound from Kniphofia uvaria by super/subcritical fluid extraction and centrifugal partition chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1447:26-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Girma B, Bisrat D, Asres K. Antimalarial evaluation of the leaf latex of Aloe citrina and its major constituent. Anc Sci Life 2015; 34:142-6. [PMID: 26120228 PMCID: PMC4458904 DOI: 10.4103/0257-7941.157158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Malaria is one of the major obstacles to the socioeconomic development of several developing countries. Adequate treatment of the disease is becoming increasingly difficult due to the worsening problems of drug resistance in many parts of the world. Therefore, increased efforts in antimalarial drug discovery are urgently needed. Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the antimalarial activity of the leaf latex of Aloe citrina Carter and Brandham and its major constituent. Materials and Methods: The leaf latex of A. citrina was dissolved in methanol and subjected to preparative thin layer chromatography. Structure of the isolated compound was determined on the basis of its electrospray-ionization tandem mass spectrometry, 1H, 13C NMR and DEPT spectral data. The latex and its isolated compound were tested for their in vivo antimalarial activity using a 4-day suppressive test against chloroquine sensitive ANKA strain of Plasmodium berghei in mice. Results: Homonataloin A/B was isolated as a major component of the latex. Both the latex and isolated compound exhibited significant (P < 0.001) antimalarial activity at a dose of 400 mg/kg with parasite suppression of 60.59% and 67.52%, respectively. No significant adverse signs of toxicity were observed in mice treated with the leaf latex up to the highest dose (5000 mg/kg). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the antimalarial activity of the plant is attributed in part or in full to the presence of homonataloin A/B in the latex. It also validates the traditional use of the plant as an antimalarial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biruktawit Girma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Bisrat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kaleab Asres
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Toma A, Deyno S, Fikru A, Eyado A, Beale A. In vivo antiplasmodial and toxicological effect of crude ethanol extract of Echinops kebericho traditionally used in treatment of malaria in Ethiopia. Malar J 2015; 14:196. [PMID: 25958112 PMCID: PMC4429705 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0716-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicinal plants have contributed significantly to current malaria treatment. Emergence of resistance to currently available drugs has necessitated the search for new plant-based anti-malarial agents and several plant-based, pharmacologically active anti-malarial compounds have been isolated. This study was conducted to validate the traditional usage of Echinops kebericho for treating malaria in the traditional health care system of Ethiopia. METHODS The roots of E. kebericho were collected from Masha Woreda, Sheka Zone. After collection, the plant materials were identified by a taxonomist, dried under shade and crushed to powder for extraction. The powdered roots were extracted by maceration using 70 % ethanol. Acute toxicity study of the crude extract was carried out in Swiss albino mice. The in vivo anti-malarial activity of plant extract (200, 350 and 500 mg/kg) of E. kebericho roots against a chloroquine (CQ) sensitive strain of Plasmodium berghei strain ANKA was assessed using the four-day suppressive test procedure. Parameters such as parasitaemia, packed cell volume, body weight and survival time were then determined using standard tests. RESULTS Oral administration of the ethanol extract showed significant (P<0.001) parasitaemia suppression at dose levels of 350 and 500 mg/kg in dose-related manner compared with the negative control. Five hundred mg/kg showed the highest (57.29±1.76 %) parasitaemia suppression. The survival times of P. berghei-infected mice were also increased in a dose-dependent manner but the test material did not prevent weight loss associated with increased parasitaemia. The result also showed the plant material prevented the loss in packed cell volume associated with increased parasitaemia. Its oral LD50 was found to be greater than 5,000 mg/kg, indicating its wider safety margin in mice. CONCLUSION The result revealed the ethanol extract of E. kebericho roots has anti-malarial activity against P. berghei in an animal model and lends support to the use of the plant to combat malaria in Ethiopian folk medicine. Further work is necessary to isolate, identify and characterize the active principles from the plant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alemayehu Toma
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Hawassa University, PO Box 1560, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
| | - Serawit Deyno
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Hawassa University, PO Box 1560, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
| | - Abrham Fikru
- Biomedical team, School of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
| | - Amalework Eyado
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Andrew Beale
- Independent scholar, AuthorAID Mentor, Milange, Mozambique.
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Hussain H, Al-Harrasi A, Green IR, Abbas G, Ahmed I. Recent Advances in the Chemistry and Biology of Natural Dimeric Quinones. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63462-7.00010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Dai Y, Harinantenaina L, Bowman JD, Da Fonseca IO, Brodie PJ, Goetz M, Cassera MB, Kingston DGI. Isolation of antiplasmodial anthraquinones from Kniphofia ensifolia, and synthesis and structure-activity relationships of related compounds. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:269-76. [PMID: 24326280 PMCID: PMC3919637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided separation of the South African plant Kniphofia ensifolia for antiplasmodial activity led to the isolation of two new anthraquinones, named kniphofiones A and B (3 and 4), together with three known bioactive anthraquinone monomers (1, 2 and 5), and four known bisanthraquinones (6-9). The structures of the two new compounds were elucidated based on analyses of their 1D and 2D NMR spectra and mass spectrometric data. The dimeric compounds 6 and 7 displayed the strongest antiplasmodial activity among all the isolated compounds, with IC₅₀ values of 0.4 ± 0.1 and 0.2 ± 0.1 μM, respectively. The two new compounds displayed modest activities, with IC₅₀ values of 26 ± 4 and 9 ± 1 μM, respectively. Due to the synthetic accessibility of the new compounds and the increased activity shown by the dimeric compounds, a structure-activity relationship study was conducted. As a result, one analogue of kniphofione B (4), the caffeic acid derivative of aloe-emodin, was found to have the highest activity among all the aloe-emodin derivatives, with an IC50 value of 1.3 ± 0.2 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Dai
- Department of Chemistry and the Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, M/C 0212, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Liva Harinantenaina
- Department of Chemistry and the Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, M/C 0212, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Jessica D Bowman
- Department of Biochemistry and the Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, M/C 0308, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Isabel Osorio Da Fonseca
- Department of Biochemistry and the Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, M/C 0308, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Peggy J Brodie
- Department of Chemistry and the Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, M/C 0212, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Michael Goetz
- Natural Products Discovery Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902, United States
| | - Maria B Cassera
- Department of Biochemistry and the Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, M/C 0308, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - David G I Kingston
- Department of Chemistry and the Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, M/C 0212, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
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Induli M, Gebru M, Abdissa N, Akala H, Wekesa I, Byamukama R, Heydenreich M, Murunga S, Dagne E, Yenesew A. Antiplasmodial Quinones from the Rhizomes of Kniphofia Foliosa. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300800920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracts of the rhizomes of Kniphofia foliosa exhibited antiplasmodial activities against the chloroquine-sensitive (D6) and chloroquine-resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum with IC50 values of 3–5 μg/mL. A phenyloxanthrone, named 10-acetonylknipholone cyclooxanthrone (1) and an anthraquinone-anthrone dimer, chryslandicin 10-methyl ether (2), were isolated from the rhizomes, along with known quinones, including the rare phenylanthraquinone dimers, joziknipholones A and B. The structures of these compounds were determined based on spectroscopic data. This is the second report on the occurrence of the dimeric phenylanthraquinones in nature. In an in vitro antiplasmodial assay of the isolated compounds, activity was observed for phenylanthraquinones, anthraquinone-anthrone dimers and dimeric phenylanthraquinones, with joziknipholone A being the most active. The new compound, 10-acetonylknipholone cyclooxanthrone, also showed anti-plasmodial activity. In an in vivo assay, knipholone anthrone displayed marginal antimalarial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Induli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
- Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 30650-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Meron Gebru
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Negera Abdissa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hosea Akala
- United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, Walter Reed Project, MRU 64109, APO, Kisumu AE 09831-4109, USA
| | - Ingrid Wekesa
- Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 30650-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Robert Byamukama
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Matthias Heydenreich
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, P.O. Box 60 15 53, D-14415 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sylvia Murunga
- Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 30650-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ermias Dagne
- Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, P.O. Box 30270, Ethiopia
| | - Abiy Yenesew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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Antimalarial activity of Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb. against Plasmodium berghei. Parasitol Res 2013; 112:3123-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3487-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Carroll AR, Nash BD, Duffy S, Avery VM. Albopunctatone, an antiplasmodial anthrone-anthraquinone from the Australian ascidian Didemnum albopunctatum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:1206-9. [PMID: 22680914 DOI: 10.1021/np300074z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of a MeOH extract of the Great Barrier Reef ascidian Didemnum albopunctatum has led to the isolation and identification of a new anthrone-anthraquinone, albopunctatone (1), together with the known 1,8-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone (2). The structure of 1 was established from interpretation of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data. The compounds were screened for antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-resistant and -sensitive strains of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. Albopunctatone (1) was moderately active against both strains (IC(50) 5.3 and 4.4 ± 0.5 μM, respectively), while 2 was inactive at doses up to 40 μM. Both compounds were also inactive up to 40 μM when tested against a variety of cancerous and normal human cell lines and the kinetoplastid Trypanosoma brucei brucei, indicating selectivity for the malaria parasite, P. falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Carroll
- School of Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
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Mesfin A, Giday M, Animut A, Teklehaymanot T. Ethnobotanical study of antimalarial plants in Shinile District, Somali Region, Ethiopia, and in vivo evaluation of selected ones against Plasmodium berghei. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 139:221-227. [PMID: 22101085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The study documented medicinal plants that are traditionally used for treatment of malaria in Shinile District, eastern Ethiopia, and evaluated selected medicinal plants for their antiplasmodial activities against Plasmodium berghei. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted in four kebeles of Shinile District, Somali Region, Ethiopia. A total of 15 traditional healers were sampled based on recommendations of local elders and administrators. Specimens of the reported antimalarial plants were collected and stored at the Mini Herbarium of the Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, following identification. Crude aqueous and ethanol extracts of Aloe sp., Azadirachta indica and Tamarindus indica were tested in vivo against Plasmodium berghei. The three plants were selected based on the frequency antimalarial use report by healers. RESULTS The study revealed 27 antimalarial plants, the majority of which were harvested from the wild. Root was the most frequently sought plant part. Most of the remedies were used in decoction form. Aloe sp., Azadirachta indica and Tamarindus indica were the most commonly reported plants for their antimalarial use. For the in vivo test, all the plant extracts were given to mice orally. Ethanol and aqueous leaf extracts of Aloe sp. caused 73.94% and 58.10% parasitaemia suppression, respectively at dose of 650 mg/kg. Ethanol extract of Azadirachta indica leaves induced 54.79% parasitaemia suppression at the dose of 650 mg/kg and its water extract induced 21.47% parasite suppression at a similar dose. Water extract of the fruits of Tamarindus indica showed the highest parasitaemia suppression (81.09%) at the dose of 650 mg/kg. Most Plasmodium berghei infected mice treated with high dose of plant extracts survived relatively longer compared to their respective controls although the difference was not significant. CONCLUSIONS The result of this study may support the traditional use of Aloe sp., Azadirachta indica and Tamarindus indica in the study area against malaria. Results of this study can be used as a basis for further phytochemical and pharmacological investigations in the effort for search of new and locally affordable antimalarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akalu Mesfin
- Department of Life Sciences, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
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Antimalarial and free radical scavenging activities of rhizomes of Polygonatum verticillatum supported by isolated metabolites. Med Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-011-9637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wube AA, Bucar F, Gibbons S, Asres K, Rattray L, Croft SL. Antiprotozoal activity of drimane and coloratane sesquiterpenes towards Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. Phytother Res 2011; 24:1468-72. [PMID: 20878696 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The extracts and 12 sesquiterpenes obtained from the East African medicinal plant Warburgia ugandensis Sprague (Canellaceae) were assessed for their antiplasmodial activity against the chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (K1) strains of Plasmodium falciparum and antitrypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. The dichloromethane extract displayed strong antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal activities with IC(50) values of 8.10 and 1.10 µg/mL against K1 strain of the malaria parasite and STlB900 strain of T. b. rhodesiense, respectively. Among the compounds evaluated for inhibition of trypomastigotes, both drimane and coloratane sesquiterpenes possessing aldehyde groups at positions 8 and 9 were found to show most antitrypanosomal activity with IC(50) values in the range 0.56-6.4 µM. The antiplasmodial assays also revealed that the six coloratane and six drimane sesquiterpenes isolated from this extract exhibited significant antitrypanosomal activity with IC(50) values ranged from 0.45 to ?114 µM. Among the compounds tested against the malarial parasite P. falciparum 11?-hydroxymuzigadiolide (3) was most active with an IC(50) value of 6.40 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Abebe Wube
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4/1, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Bero J, Frédérich M, Quetin-Leclercq J. Antimalarial compounds isolated from plants used in traditional medicine. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.61.11.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This review covers the compounds with antiplasmodial activity isolated from plants published from 2005 to the end of 2008, organized according to their phytochemical classes. Details are given for substances with IC50 values ≤ 11 μM.
Key findings
Malaria is a major parasitic disease in many tropical and subtropical regions and is responsible for more than 1 million deaths each year in Africa. The rapid spread of resistance encourages the search for new active compounds. Nature and particularly plants used in traditional medicine are a potential source of new antimalarial drugs as they contain molecules with a great variety of structures and pharmacological activities.
Summary
A large number of antimalarial compounds with a wide variety of structures have been isolated from plants and can play a role in the development of new antimalarial drugs. Ethnopharmacological approaches appear to be a promising way to find plant metabolites that could be used as templates for designing new derivatives with improved properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Bero
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Analytical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Pharmacognosy Unit, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Frédérich
- University of Liège, Natural and Synthetic Drugs Research Center, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Liège, Belgium
| | - Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Analytical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Pharmacognosy Unit, Brussels, Belgium
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Hou Y, Cao S, Brodie PJ, Callmander MW, Ratovoson F, Rakotobe EA, Rasamison VE, Ratsimbason M, Alumasa JN, Roepe PD, Kingston DGI. Antiproliferative and antimalarial anthraquinones of Scutia myrtina from the Madagascar forest. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:2871-6. [PMID: 19282186 PMCID: PMC2728447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2009] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of an ethanol extract of a Madagascar collection of the bark of Scutia myrtina led to the isolation of three new anthrone-anthraquinones, scutianthraquinones A, B and C (1-3), one new bisanthrone-anthraquinone, scutianthraquinone D (4), and the known anthraquinone, aloesaponarin I (5). The structures of all compounds were determined using a combination of 1D and 2D NMR experiments, including COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, HMBC, and ROESY sequences, and mass spectrometry. All the isolated compounds were tested against the A2780 human ovarian cancer cell line for antiproliferative activities, and against the chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains Dd2 and FCM29 for antiplasmodial activities. Compounds 1, 2 and 4 showed weak antiproliferative activities against the A2780 ovarian cancer cell line, while compounds 1-4 exhibited moderate antiplasmodial activities against P. falciparum Dd2 and compounds 1, 2, and 4 exhibited moderate antiplasmodial activities against P. falciparum FCM29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Hou
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Lenta BN, Devkota KP, Ngouela S, Boyom FF, Naz Q, Choudhary MI, Tsamo E, Rosenthal PJ, Sewald N. Anti-plasmodial and Cholinesterase Inhibiting Activities of some Constituents of Psorospermum glaberrimum. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008; 56:222-6. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ndjakou Lenta
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé 1
| | - Krishna Prasad Devkota
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University
- Institute of Forestry, Tribhuvan University
| | - Silvère Ngouela
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1
| | | | - Quamar Naz
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi
| | - Etienne Tsamo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1
| | - Philip Jon Rosenthal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University
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Bringmann G, Mutanyatta-Comar J, Knauer M, Abegaz BM. Knipholone and related 4-phenylanthraquinones: structurally, pharmacologically, and biosynthetically remarkable natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2008; 25:696-718. [DOI: 10.1039/b803784c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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