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Attard MRG, Lewis A, Wroe S, Hughes C, Rogers TL. Whisker growth in Tasmanian devils (
Sarcophilus harrisii
) and applications for stable isotope studies. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marie R. G. Attard
- Department of Biological Sciences Royal Holloway University of London Egham TW20 0EX UK
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Anna Lewis
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
- The Carnivore Conservancy Ulverstone Tasmania Australia
| | - Stephen Wroe
- Function, Evolution and Anatomy Research Laboratory School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New England Armidale New South Wales Australia
| | - Channing Hughes
- The Carnivore Conservancy Ulverstone Tasmania Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Tracey L. Rogers
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
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Wessling EG, Oelze VM, Eshuis H, Pruetz JD, Kühl HS. Stable isotope variation in savanna chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) indicate avoidance of energetic challenges through dietary compensation at the limits of the range. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 168:665-675. [PMID: 30693959 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Food scarcity is proposed to be a limitation to chimpanzees at the limits of their range; however, such a constraint has never been investigated in this context. We investigated patterns of δ13 C and δ15 N variation along a latitudinal gradient at the northwestern West African chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) range limit with the expectation that isotope ratios of chimpanzees at the range limit will indicate different dietary strategies or higher physiological constraints than chimpanzees further from the edge. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured δ13 C and δ15 N values in hair (n = 81) and plant food (n = 342) samples from five chimpanzee communities located along a latitudinal gradient in Southeastern Senegal. RESULTS We found clear grouping patterns in hair δ13 C and δ15 N in the four southern sites compared to the northernmost site. Environmental baseline samples collected from these sites revealed overall higher plant δ15 N values at the northernmost site, but similar δ13 C values across sites. By accounting for environmental baseline, Δ13 C and Δ15 N values were clustered for all five sites relative to total Pan variation, but indicated a 13 C-enriched diet at the range limit. DISCUSSION Clustering in Δ13 C and Δ15 N values supports that strategic shifting between preferred and fallback foods is a likely ubiquitous but necessary strategy employed by these chimpanzees to cope with their environment, potentially allowing chimpanzees at their limits to avoid periods of starvation. These results also underline the necessity of accounting for local isotopic baseline differences during inter-site comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin G Wessling
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vicky M Oelze
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California
| | - Henk Eshuis
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jill D Pruetz
- Department of Anthropology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas
| | - Hjalmar S Kühl
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, Germany
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Monahan FJ, Schmidt O, Moloney AP. Meat provenance: Authentication of geographical origin and dietary background of meat. Meat Sci 2018; 144:2-14. [PMID: 29859716 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The authenticity of meat is now an important consideration in the multi-step food chain from production of animals on farm to consumer consumption of the final meat product. A range of techniques, involving analysis of elemental and molecular constituents of meat, fingerprint profiling and multivariate statistical analysis exists and these techniques are evolving in the quest to provide robust methods of establishing the dietary background of animals and the geographical origin of the meat derived from them. The potential application to meat authentication of techniques such as stable isotope ratio analysis applied to different animal tissues, measurement in meat of compounds directly derived from the diet of animals, such as fatty acids and fat soluble vitamins, and spectroscopy is explored. Challenges pertaining to the interpretation of data, as they relate to assignment of dietary background or geographical origin, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J Monahan
- University College Dublin, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Olaf Schmidt
- University College Dublin, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Aidan P Moloney
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Co. Meath, Ireland.
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4
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Hoof Growth Rates of the European Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) for Dating the Hoof’s Isotopic Archive. FORESTS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/f8120462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rogers TL, Fung J, Slip D, Steindler L, O'Connell TC. Calibrating the time span of longitudinal biomarkers in vertebrate tissues when fine‐scale growth records are unavailable. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey L. Rogers
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Jeffery Fung
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - David Slip
- Taronga Conservation Society Australia Bradley's Head Road Mosman, Sydney New South Wales 2088 Australia
| | - Lisa Steindler
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Tamsin C. O'Connell
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
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Zazzo A, Cerling TE, Ehleringer JR, Moloney AP, Monahan FJ, Schmidt O. Isotopic composition of sheep wool records seasonality of climate and diet. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:1357-1369. [PMID: 26147475 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hair keratin is a very important material in ecological and archaeological studies because it grows continuously, can be obtained non-invasively, does not require extensive processing prior to analysis and can be found in archaeological sites. Only a few studies have examined seasonal variations in hair isotope values, and there is no published dataset examining the isotope variability recorded in the keratinous tissues of stationary (i.e., non-migrating) domestic mammals. METHODS Thirty-six Irish sheep were sampled in eight farms every three months between September 2006 and June 2007. A shearing strategy was adopted to sample only the most recently grown wool in order to represent an average of the summer, autumn, winter and spring conditions. The stable isotope ratios of the ground samples were measured using two different stable isotope mass spectrometers operated in dual-inlet (C, N) and continuous-flow (O, H) mode. RESULTS Wool O isotope ratios are a good proxy for seasonal variability in climate and can be used to anchor a chronology independently of other isotope records (C, N) that are influenced by diet or physiology. By contrast, interpretation of seasonal variations in hair H isotope composition in terms of climate is more complex probably due to the influence of dietary H. The C and N isotope values of grass-fed animals varied seasonally, probably reflecting the annual cycle of seasonal variation in grass isotope values. The highest δ(13) C values were measured in summer-grown wool, while the highest δ(15) N values were measured in winter-grown wool. Supplementation of the sheep diet with concentrates was detected easily and was marked by an increase in δ(13) C values and a decrease in δ(15) N values in winter-grown wool. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that time-resolved sampling and stable isotope ratio analysis of sheep wool can be used to identify short-term changes in diet and climate and therefore offer a tool to examine a wide variety of present and past husbandry practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zazzo
- CNRS UMR 7209, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, "Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique: Sociétés, Pratiques et Environnements", Département "Ecologie et Gestion de la Biodiversité", CP 56, 55 rue Buffon, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - T E Cerling
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - J R Ehleringer
- Global Change and Sustainability Center and Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - A P Moloney
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - F J Monahan
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - O Schmidt
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Inácio CT, Chalk PM. Principles and limitations of stable isotopes in differentiating organic and conventional foodstuffs: 2. Animal products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 57:181-196. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.887056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Bahar B, Harrison SM, Moloney AP, Monahan FJ, Schmidt O. Isotopic turnover of carbon and nitrogen in bovine blood fractions and inner organs. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:1011-1018. [PMID: 24677522 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Isotope ratio analysis of bovine tissues is a tool for inferring aspects of the dietary history of cattle. The objective of this experiment was to quantify the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotopic turnover in blood (serum and residue) and inner organs (liver, kidney, heart and brain) of beef cattle. METHODS Growing beef cattle (n = 70 in total) were either switched from a control diet containing barley and urea to an experimental diet containing maize and (15)N-enriched urea, for various intervals prior to slaughter or maintained on the control diet for 168 days pre-slaughter. Samples of blood, liver, kidney, heart and brain were collected at 0, 14, 28, 56, 112 and 168 days and analysed using Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry. RESULTS After 168 days, C- and N-isotopic equilibrium was reached in the blood serum, liver and kidney, approached in the heart and brain, but not reached in the non-serum component of blood. The estimated C and N half-lives were 16.5 and 20.7 days for liver, 19.2 and 25.5 days for kidney, 29.2 and 35.6 days for blood serum, 37.6 and 49.9 days for heart, 53.3 and 52.2 days for brain and 113.3 and 115.0 days for the non-serum blood residue, respectively. Modelling the C and N turnover in the different tissue combinations revealed that a combined analysis of liver and heart as well as brain and kidney can provide the most accurate estimation of the timing of the diet switch. CONCLUSIONS Based on the difference in turnover rates, bovine soft tissues can provide isotopic information on short- and long-term dietary changes, which in turn may be linked to the geographic or production origin of beef cattle. This study also provides basic biological data on organ C and N turnover in a large herbivorous mammal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojlul Bahar
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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9
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Monahan F, Moloney A, Osorio M, Röhrle F, Schmidt O, Brennan L. Authentication of grass-fed beef using bovine muscle, hair or urine. Trends Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Ferreira EO, Loseto LL, Ferguson SH. Assessment of claw growth-layer groups from ringed seals (Pusa hispida) as biomonitors of inter- and intra-annual Hg, δ15N, and δ13C variation. CAN J ZOOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1139/z11-047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ringed seal ( Pusa hispida (Schreber, 1775)) is a sentinel species of arctic marine mammals; therefore, methods to monitor its life-history changes are crucial to establish effective conservation strategies. We evaluate the potential use of claws of ringed seals as a proxy for counts of tooth growth-layer groups (age) and a biomonitor of total mercury burden (THg) and diet (stable isotope ratios expressed as δ15N and δ13C). The count of claw growth-layer groups was indicative of age up to 8 years and we infer differentiation of dark and light annuli as being associated with the spring moult. No differences of THg, δ15N, or δ13C were observed among flipper digits. The proximal claw annulus representing the most recent growth had δ13C values that were correlated to both muscle and liver δ13C, supporting the use of claws to monitor visceral δ13C. Claw log10THg from the proximate annulus was significantly correlated to liver and whisker log10THg, while significant interannual THg accumulation was observed in 18 of 32 seals ≥4 years, suggesting the claws receive and disperse Hg from active tissues of the body. Results support the use of claw tissue from ringed seal to provide a chronological record of inter- and intra-annual variations representing seal diet, contaminant load, and life history.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa L. Loseto
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6 Canada
| | - Steven H. Ferguson
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6 Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6 Canada
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Osorio MT, Moloney AP, Schmidt O, Monahan FJ. Beef authentication and retrospective dietary verification using stable isotope ratio analysis of bovine muscle and tail hair. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:3295-3305. [PMID: 21391592 DOI: 10.1021/jf1040959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotope ratio analysis (SIRA) was used as an analytical tool to verify the preslaughter diet of beef cattle. Muscle and tail hair samples were collected from animals fed either pasture (P), a barley-based concentrate (C), silage followed by pasture (SiP), or silage followed by pasture with concentrate (SiPC) for 1 year (n = 25 animals per treatment). The (13)C/(12)C, (15)N/(14)N, (2)H/(1)H, and (34)S/(32)S isotope ratios in muscle clearly reflected those of the diets consumed by the animals. By applying a stepwise canonical discriminant analysis, a good discrimination of bovine meat according to dietary regimen was obtained. On the basis of the classification success rate, the (13)C/(12)C and (34)S/(32)S ratios in muscle were the best indicators for authentication of beef from animals consuming the different diets. Analysis of (13)C/(12)C and (15)N/(14)N in tail hair sections provided an archival record of changes to the diet of the cattle for periods of over 1 year preslaughter.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Teresa Osorio
- School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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12
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Tiunov AV, Kirillova IV. Stable isotope ((13)C/(12)C and (15)N/(14)N) composition of the woolly rhinoceros Coelodonta antiquitatis horn suggests seasonal changes in the diet. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:3146-3150. [PMID: 20941761 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The extinct woolly rhinoceros Coelodonta antiquitatis is a prominent member of the Mammuthus-Coelodonta faunal complex, but its biology is poorly known, partly because very few specimens with well-preserved soft tissues have been discovered to date. However, the permafrost-preserved horns of the woolly rhinoceros are recording structures which contain isotopic records of the diet, environmental conditions and physiological status of the animal during most of its life. In this study we report the first data on the pattern of carbon ((13)C/(12)C) and nitrogen ((15)N/(14)N) isotopic composition along the nasal horn of woolly rhinoceros. We found systematic variations in δ(13)C and δ(15)N values associated with morphologically expressed transverse banding of the horn. The comparative analysis of isotopic variation in keratinous tissues of extant and extinct herbivores suggests that the oscillation in isotopic composition of the horn was induced by seasonal changes in the diet. Although the compiled evidence is in part contradictory, we suggest that more positive δ(13)C and δ(15)N values associated with dark-colored and less dense zones of the horn indicate a summer diet. More dense and light-colored zones of the horn have lower δ(13)C and δ(15)N values possibly indicating a larger proportion of woody and shrub vegetation in the winter diet. The validity of these conclusions has to be proven in further investigations, but our data underline the potential of isotopic analysis for studies on diet and habitat use by extinct members of Pleistocene fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei V Tiunov
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS, Leninsky Prospect 33, Moscow 119071, Russia.
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Ethier DM, Kyle CJ, Kyser TK, Nocera JJ. Variability in the growth patterns of the cornified claw sheath among vertebrates: implications for using biogeochemistry to study animal movement. CAN J ZOOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1139/z10-073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We review the role of biogeochemical signatures, such as stable isotopes and trace elements, in the cornified claw tissue as a means of studying movement and foraging behaviour of vertebrates because this approach is noninvasive and can capture contemporary and historic signatures. Because biogeochemical techniques are still relatively new in studies of animal movement, we are only beginning to understand how the growth patterns of the cornified claw sheath may affect our ability to interpret the biogeochemical signals in these tissues. To move towards resolving this, we review the morphology of the epidermal cornified claw sheath in several taxa that illustrate substantial variation in growth patterns both between taxa and between individual distinct claw regions. For instance, in mammalian claws, deposition of keratinizing cells from the epidermis is nonlinear because the claw tip is composed of old and new cornified epidermal cells, whereas the cornified blade horn covering the claw’s lateral walls is deposited continuously and without assortment, providing unbroken time-series data. We also consider patterns of growth in mammalian hooves, as well as reptilian, avian, and amphibian cornified claw sheaths, and address the need for expanded research in this field. We conclude this synthesis by describing a noninvasive technique for monitoring growth rates in a model mammal, the American badger ( Taxidea taxus (Schreber, 1777)), and provide guidelines for future sampling of claw keratin, which will improve our ability to back-calculate the time of biogeochemical integration into this tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M. Ethier
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, DNA Building, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
- Forensic Science Department, Natural Resources and DNA Profiling Forensic Centre, Trent University, DNA Building, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
- Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Trent University, DNA Building, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Christopher J. Kyle
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, DNA Building, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
- Forensic Science Department, Natural Resources and DNA Profiling Forensic Centre, Trent University, DNA Building, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
- Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Trent University, DNA Building, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - T. Kurt Kyser
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, DNA Building, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
- Forensic Science Department, Natural Resources and DNA Profiling Forensic Centre, Trent University, DNA Building, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
- Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Trent University, DNA Building, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Joseph J. Nocera
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, DNA Building, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
- Forensic Science Department, Natural Resources and DNA Profiling Forensic Centre, Trent University, DNA Building, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
- Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Trent University, DNA Building, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
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Sponheimer M, Codron D, Passey BH, de Ruiter DJ, Cerling TE, Lee-Thorp JA. Using carbon isotopes to track dietary change in modern, historical, and ancient primates. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2010; 140:661-70. [PMID: 19890855 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Stable isotope analysis can be used to document dietary changes within the lifetimes of individuals and may prove useful for investigating fallback food consumption in modern, historical, and ancient primates. Feces, hair, and enamel are all suitable materials for such analysis, and each has its own benefits and limitations. Feces provide highly resolved temporal dietary data, but are generally limited to providing dietary information about modern individuals and require labor-intensive sample collection and analysis. Hair provides less well-resolved data, but has the advantage that one or a few hair strands can provide evidence of dietary change over months or years. Hair is also available in museum collections, making it possible to investigate the diets of historical specimens. Enamel provides the poorest temporal resolution of these materials, but is often preserved for millions of years, allowing examination of dietary change in deep time. We briefly discuss the use of carbon isotope data as it pertains to recent thinking about fallback food consumption in ancient hominins and suggest that we may need to rethink the functional significance of the australopith masticatory package.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Sponheimer
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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15
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Guo B, Wei Y, Pan J, Li Y. Stable C and N isotope ratio analysis for regional geographical traceability of cattle in China. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Barbosa ICR, Kley M, Schäufele R, Auerswald K, Schröder W, Filli F, Hertwig S, Schnyder H. Analysing the isotopic life history of the alpine ungulates Capra ibex and Rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra through their horns. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:2347-2356. [PMID: 19575404 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The horn of ungulate grazers offers a valuable isotopic record of their diet and environment. However, there have been no reports of the spatio-temporal variation of the isotopic composition of horns. We investigated patterns of carbon (delta(13)C) and nitrogen (delta(15)N) isotopic composition along and perpendicular to the horn axis in Capra ibex and Rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra to assess the effects of animal age, within-year (seasonal) and inter-annual variation, natural contamination and sampling position on horn isotope composition. Horns of male C. ibex (n = 23) and R. r. rupicapra (n = 1) were sampled longitudinally on the front (only R. r. rupicapra) and back side and on the surface and sub-surface. The sides of the R. r. rupicapra horn did not differ in delta(13)C. In both species, the horn surface had a 0.15 per thousand lower delta(13)C and a higher carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio than the sub-surface. Washing the horn with water and organic solvents removed material that caused these differences. With age, the delta(15)N of C. ibex horns increased (+0.1 per thousand year(-1)), C/N ratio increased, and (13)C discrimination relative to atmospheric CO(2) ((13)Delta) increased slightly (+0.03 per thousand year(-1)). Geostatistical analysis of one C. ibex horn revealed systematic patterns of inter-annual and seasonal (13)C changes, but (15)N changed only seasonally. The work demonstrates that isotopic signals in horns are influenced by natural contamination (delta(13)C), age effects ((13)Delta and delta(15)N), and seasonal (delta(13)C and delta(15)N) and inter-annual variation (delta(13)C). The methods presented allow us to distinguish between these effects and thus allow the use of horns as isotopic archives of the ecology of these species and their habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês C R Barbosa
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Germany
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Newsome SD, Tinker MT, Monson DH, Oftedal OT, Ralls K, Staedler MM, Fogel ML, Estes JA. Using stable isotopes to investigate individual diet specialization in California sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis). Ecology 2009; 90:961-74. [PMID: 19449691 DOI: 10.1890/07-1812.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Differences in diet composition among conspecifics (dietary specialization) have been documented across a broad range of taxonomic groups and habitats, and such variation at the individual level is increasingly recognized as an important component of diversity in trophic interactions. Accurate identification of individual dietary specialization, however, requires longitudinal dietary records that are labor-intensive and cost-prohibitive to obtain for many species. Here we explore the use of stable isotopes (delta13C and delta15N) as a promising technique for detecting and quantifying patterns of individual dietary specialization. Southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) offer a unique opportunity for testing this approach because (1) they consume a wide variety of prey that span multiple trophic levels, habitats, and ecologically defined functional groups; and (2) individual diet specialization can be validated with existing observational data. We analyzed the isotopic composition of sea otter vibrissae (n = 31) in order to characterize inter- and intra-individual variation in sea otter diets at Monterey Bay, California, USA. At the population level, sea otters showed substantial variation in both delta13C and delta15N values, occupying nearly all of the "isotopic space" created by the diversity of isotopic signatures of potential prey taxa. Most of the variation in sea otter vibrissae was accounted for by differences between individuals, with much less contributed by within-individual variation. A majority of sea otters (approximately 80%) showed relatively little temporal variability in isotopic composition, suggesting that the proportional composition of most individuals' diets is relatively constant over time; a few individuals (approximately 20%) exhibited a high degree of intra-vibrissa isotopic variability, suggesting seasonal shifts in diet composition. These results and our interpretation of them were supported by long-term observational data on the diets of radio-tagged sea otters from the same population (n = 23). Our results demonstrate that stable isotopes can provide an efficient tool for measuring individual- and population-level dietary breadth and may be useful for studying populations where longitudinal data on individuals would otherwise be impossible to acquire. This will be critical for examining the causes and consequences of dietary variation within and among consumer populations, thereby improving our understanding of these important ecological and evolutionary processes at the community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth D Newsome
- Carnegie Institution of Washington, Geophysical Laboratory, 5251 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, D.C. 20015, USA.
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Bahar B, Moloney AP, Monahan FJ, Harrison SM, Zazzo A, Scrimgeour CM, Begley IS, Schmidt O. Turnover of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur in bovine longissimus dorsi and psoas major muscles: Implications for isotopic authentication of meat1. J Anim Sci 2009; 87:905-13. [PMID: 19066249 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-1360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Bahar
- UCD School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Abstract
Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) is a specialized technique used to provide information about the geographic, chemical, and biological origins of substances. The ability to determine the source of an organic substance stems from the relative isotopic abundances of the elements which comprise the material. Because the isotope ratios of elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen can become locally enriched or depleted through a variety of kinetic and thermodynamic factors, measurement of the isotope ratios can be used to differentiate between samples which otherwise share identical chemical compositions. Several sample introduction methods are now available for commercial isotope ratio mass spectrometers. Combustion is most commonly used for bulk isotopic analysis, whereas gas and liquid chromatography are predominately used for the real-time isotopic analysis of specific compounds within a mixture. Here, highlights of advances in instrumentation and applications within the last three years are provided to illustrate the impact of this rapidly growing area of research. Some prominent new applications include authenticating organic food produce, ascertaining whether or not African elephants are guilty of night-time raids on farmers' crops, and linking forensic drug and soil samples from a crime scene to a suspected point of origin. For the sake of brevity, we focus this Minireview on the isotope ratio measurements of lighter-elements common to organic sources; we do not cover the equally important field of inorganic isotope ratio mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeland Muccio
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 175 Clippinger Laboratories, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701-2979, USA
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Zazzo A, Harrison SM, Bahar B, Moloney AP, Monahan FJ, Scrimgeour CM, Schmidt O. Experimental determination of dietary carbon turnover in bovine hair and hoof. CAN J ZOOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1139/z07-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Stable isotopes measured in keratinized tissues like hair or hoof have proven to be a useful tool for reconstructing the dietary history of animals with a weekly to daily resolution. Quantitative reconstruction of dietary preferences requires a precise estimate of tissue turnover by means of controlled feeding experiments. We determined the turnover rates of carbon in hoof and tail hair of growing steers ( Bos taurus L., 1758) fed a C3-based diet, followed by a C4-based diet, for 168 d. As with horses, turnover in steer hair was successfully described by a three-pool modelling approach, with apparent half-lives of 1.7, 7.7, and 69.1 d for each of the pools, each contributing 53%, 20%, and 28% of the total signal, respectively. Two pools only were identified in bovine hoof, which recorded the diet switch more slowly than hair with a reduction in the amplitude of short-term isotope changes. We interpreted this result as a sampling artefact and found that the hooves reflected the same pools as the hair if growth geometry is taken into account. The model parameters defined in this study allowed us to quantitatively reconstruct previous diets of steers of different breeds and individual history with a precision of ±1‰.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Zazzo
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Teagasc, Grange Beef Research Centre, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
- Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - S. M. Harrison
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Teagasc, Grange Beef Research Centre, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
- Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - B. Bahar
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Teagasc, Grange Beef Research Centre, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
- Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - A. P. Moloney
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Teagasc, Grange Beef Research Centre, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
- Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - F. J. Monahan
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Teagasc, Grange Beef Research Centre, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
- Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - C. M. Scrimgeour
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Teagasc, Grange Beef Research Centre, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
- Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - O. Schmidt
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Teagasc, Grange Beef Research Centre, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
- Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
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Harrison SM, Monahan FJ, Zazzo A, Bahar B, Moloney AP, Scrimgeour CM, Schmidt O. Three-dimensional growth of bovine hoof as recorded by carbon stable isotope ratios. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:3971-3976. [PMID: 17994529 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the usefulness of bovine hooves as incremental tissues, the objective of this research was to gain a better understanding of hoof growth in three dimensions. In a controlled experiment, cattle were switched from a barley-based diet to a maize-based diet (C isotopic spacing between diets was 13.6 per thousand) and maintained on this experimental diet for 168 days. To compare growth rates along the hoof wall, three slices were sampled post-mortem from one bovine claw. In addition, one claw from each of three different animals was sampled at different depths from the surface to determine any possible time lag ('offset') in the laying down of keratin tissue layers. From each hoof as many as 41 superficial samples were taken over the first 60 mm, starting at the periople, and up to 12 samples were taken sequentially at increasing depths to a depth of 6 mm at five particular points on the surface. The growth rate of the abaxial wall of the bovine claw increased from the anterior to the posterior region of the bovine hoof. Analysis of the deep samples revealed that the deeper layers were younger than the surface layers. This offset was inversely related to the hoof growth rate, i.e. hooves with a high hoof growth rate showed a smaller offset. Observed offsets ranged between 9.2 +/- 1.8 days per mm in depth for a high and 14.0 +/- 2.8 days per mm in depth for a low hoof growth rate and were significantly different (t > or = 3.92, p < 0.0005, n = 19 or 27). The results of this study demonstrate that when sampling hooves or hoof fragments for applications such as diet reconstruction, careful consideration needs to be given to sample location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine M Harrison
- UCD School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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