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Mthiyane ZL, Makhubela N, Nyoni H, Madikizela LM, Maseko BR, Ncube S. Determination of antibiotics during treatment of hospital wastewater using automated solid-phase extraction followed by UHPLC-MS: occurrence, removal and environmental risks. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:3118-3128. [PMID: 37129286 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2209741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The extent of removal of pharmaceuticals by African-based wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is relatively unknown with various studies observing high concentrations in effluents. This is mainly due to WWTPs still utilising the traditional treatment methods which are known to be less effective. In this study, 15 selected antibiotics (amoxicillin, ampicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, metronidazole, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, penicillin, sulfamethoxazole, sulfapyridine, tetracycline and trimethoprim) were monitored in wastewater as it goes through sedimentation (primary and secondary), aeration and chlorination stages of a WWTP. Analytical method involved solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatographic determination. Removal efficiencies during sedimentation were generally positive with doxycycline achieving 80-95.8%, while negative removal efficiencies were observed for penicillin V (-46.4 to -17.1%) and trimethoprim (-26.2 to -18.9%). The aeration and agitation stage resulted in concentration enhancement for several antibiotics with seven of them ranging between -273 and -15.5%. This stage was responsible for the relatively low overall removal efficiencies in which only 4 antibiotics (doxycycline, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and erythromycin) experienced overall removal efficiencies above 50%. The recorded effluent concentrations ranging between 0.0130 and 0.383 ng/mL were translated to low potential for development of antibiotic resistance genes in the receiving environments while ecotoxicity risk was high for only amoxicillin, ampicillin and sulfapyridine. The study has provided an overview of the performance of common wastewater treatment processes in South Africa and hopes that more monitoring and environmental risk data can be made available towards drafting of antibiotic priority lists that cater for Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nkosinathi Makhubela
- Department of Chemistry, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa, South Africa
| | - Hlengilizwe Nyoni
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Roodepoort, South Africa
| | - Lawrence Mzukisi Madikizela
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Roodepoort, South Africa
| | | | - Somandla Ncube
- Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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2
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Acetonitrile Adducts of Tranexamic Acid as Sensitive Ions for Quantification at Residue Levels in Human Plasma by UHPLC-MS/MS. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121205. [PMID: 34959606 PMCID: PMC8708297 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantitative analysis of pharmaceuticals in biomatrices by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) is often hampered by adduct formation. The use of the molecular ion resulting from solvent adducts for quantification is uncommon, even if formed in high abundance. In this work, we propose the use of a protonated acetonitrile adduct for the quantitative analysis of tranexamic acid (TXA) by LC-MS/MS. The high abundance of the protonated acetonitrile adduct [M + ACN + H]+ was found to be independent of source-dependent parameters and mobile phase composition. The results obtained for TXA analysis in clinical samples were comparable for both [M + ACN + H]+ and [M + H]+, and no statistically significant differences were observed. The relative stability and structure of the [M + ACN + H]+ ions were also studied by analyzing probable structures from an energetic point of view and by quantum chemical calculations. These findings, and the studied fragmentation pathways, allowed the definition of an acetimidium structure as the best ion to describe the observed acetonitrile protonated adduct of TXA.
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3
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Sample preparation optimization by central composite design for multi class determination of 172 emerging contaminants in wastewaters and tap water using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1652:462369. [PMID: 34246959 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multi-residue analysis is highly desirable for water quality control. To this end, a comprehensive workflow for the quantitative analysis of 172 anthropogenic organic compounds belonging to emerging contaminants (pharmaceuticals and personal care products, illicit drugs, organophosphate flame retardants and perfluoroalkyl substances) has been developed for application to wastewater and tap water, based on solid phase extraction (SPE) and Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Due to the large number of analytes with various physicochemical characteristics that should be efficiently extracted, the response surface methodology (RSM) employing a central composite design (CCD) and desirability function (DF) approach was exploited to optimize the sample preparation process, instead of the conventional single-factor analysis. The factors included in the design of experiments (DoE) were sample pH, eluent solvents composition and volume. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) proved the adequacy of the proposed model (2- factor interaction) as p-value < 0.05 followed by different diagnostic tests confirmed the good fitting. The best values to acquire DF close to 1 were pH 3.5, methanol/ethyl acetate ratio 87:13 and eluent volume 6 mL. The streamlined method was validated in terms of accuracy, linearity, method limits, reproducibility, and matrix effect. The proposed workflow combines sensitivity and robustness, with recoveries over 70%, method quantification limits <1 ng/L, and relative standard deviations <20% for most of the compounds. Slight matrix effect (ME) was observed for most of PPCPs, IDs and PFAs, in contrast with most of the OPFRs, for which strong ME was calculated. Method applicability was tested over wastewater collected from a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Thessaloniki (Greece), revealing the presence of 69 and 40 compounds in influents and effluents, respectively, at varying concentrations.
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4
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Hammond S, Thomson P, Meng X, Naisbitt D. In-Vitro Approaches to Predict and Study T-Cell Mediated Hypersensitivity to Drugs. Front Immunol 2021; 12:630530. [PMID: 33927714 PMCID: PMC8076677 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.630530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitigating the risk of drug hypersensitivity reactions is an important facet of a given pharmaceutical, with poor performance in this area of safety often leading to warnings, restrictions and withdrawals. In the last 50 years, efforts to diagnose, manage, and circumvent these obscure, iatrogenic diseases have resulted in the development of assays at all stages of a drugs lifespan. Indeed, this begins with intelligent lead compound selection/design to minimize the existence of deleterious chemical reactivity through exclusion of ominous structural moieties. Preclinical studies then investigate how compounds interact with biological systems, with emphasis placed on modeling immunological/toxicological liabilities. During clinical use, competent and accurate diagnoses are sought to effectively manage patients with such ailments, and pharmacovigilance datasets can be used for stratification of patient populations in order to optimise safety profiles. Herein, an overview of some of the in-vitro approaches to predict intrinsic immunogenicity of drugs and diagnose culprit drugs in allergic patients after exposure is detailed, with current perspectives and opportunities provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Hammond
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- ApconiX, Alderley Park, Alderley Edge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Thomson
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoli Meng
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Dean Naisbitt
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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5
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Sodhi KK, Kumar M, Balan B, Dhaulaniya AS, Shree P, Sharma N, Singh DK. Perspectives on the antibiotic contamination, resistance, metabolomics, and systemic remediation. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-04003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractAntibiotics have been regarded as the emerging contaminants because of their massive use in humans and veterinary medicines and their persistence in the environment. The global concern of antibiotic contamination to different environmental matrices and the emergence of antibiotic resistance has posed a severe impact on the environment. Different mass-spectrometry-based techniques confirm their presence in the environment. Antibiotics are released into the environment through the wastewater steams and runoff from land application of manure. The microorganisms get exposed to the antibiotics resulting in the development of antimicrobial resistance. Consistent release of the antibiotics, even in trace amount into the soil and water ecosystem, is the major concern because the antibiotics can lead to multi-resistance in bacteria which can cause hazardous effects on agriculture, aquaculture, human, and livestock. A better understanding of the correlation between the antibiotic use and occurrence of antibiotic resistance can help in the development of policies to promote the judicious use of antibiotics. The present review puts a light on the remediation, transportation, uptake, and antibiotic resistance in the environment along with a novel approach of creating a database for systemic remediation, and metabolomics for the cleaner and safer environment.
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6
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Amelin VG, Bol’shakov DS, Podkolzin IV. Rapid Screening and Determination of Residual Amounts of β-Lactam Antibiotics in Foods by Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934820070023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Pascale R, Bianco G, Coviello D, Cristina Lafiosca M, Masi S, Mancini IM, Bufo SA, Scrano L, Caniani D. Validation of a liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of drugs in wastewater using a three‐phase solvent system. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:886-895. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Pascale
- Scuola di IngegneriaUniversità degli Studi della Basilicata Potenza Italy
| | - Giuliana Bianco
- Dipartimento di ScienzeUniversità degli Studi della Basilicata Potenza Italy
| | - Donatella Coviello
- Dipartimento di ScienzeUniversità degli Studi della Basilicata Potenza Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Masi
- Scuola di IngegneriaUniversità degli Studi della Basilicata Potenza Italy
| | - Ignazio M. Mancini
- Scuola di IngegneriaUniversità degli Studi della Basilicata Potenza Italy
| | - Sabino A. Bufo
- Dipartimento di ScienzeUniversità degli Studi della Basilicata Potenza Italy
- Department of GeographyEnvironmental Management & Energy StudiesUniversity of Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Laura Scrano
- Dipartimento delle Culture Europee e del Mediterraneo, Arch.AmbientePatrimoni Culturali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata Matera Italy
| | - Donatella Caniani
- Scuola di IngegneriaUniversità degli Studi della Basilicata Potenza Italy
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8
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Giusepponi D, Paoletti F, Barola C, Moretti S, Saluti G, Ianni F, Sardella R, Galarini R. Transfer of a Multiclass Method for over 60 Antibiotics in Food from High Resolution to Low Resolution Mass Spectrometry. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 24:molecules24162935. [PMID: 31412663 PMCID: PMC6720601 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A multiclass method has been developed to screen and confirm a wide range of anti-microbial residues in muscle and milk, and validated using liquid-chromatography coupled to (low-resolution, LR) tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QqQ). Over sixty antibiotics, belonging to ten distinct families, were included in the method scope. The development process was rapidly concluded as a result of two previously implemented methods. This consisted of identical sample treatments, followed by liquid chromatography, and coupled with high-resolution (HR) mass spectrometry (LC-Q-Orbitrap). The validation study was performed in the range between 10-1500 μg·kg-1 for muscles and 2-333 μg·kg-1 for milk. The main performance characteristics were estimated and, then, compared to those previously obtained with HR technique. The validity of the method transfer was ascertained also through inter-laboratory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Giusepponi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabiola Paoletti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carolina Barola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Simone Moretti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Saluti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Federica Ianni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roccaldo Sardella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Galarini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, Italy.
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9
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Podniesińska L, Frański R, Frańska M. Comparison of the electrospray ionization (ESI) responses of penicillins with ESI responses of their methanolysis products. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2019; 25:357-361. [PMID: 30582710 DOI: 10.1177/1469066718820434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The electrospray ionization (ESI) responses, defined as the area of chromatographic peak of ion [M+H]+ obtained upon HPLC/ESI-MS analysis, of three β-lactam antibiotics, namely penicillin G, ampicillin and carbenicillin have been compared with the ESI responses of their methanolysis products. It has been found that methanolyzed penicillin G has much higher ESI response than the penicillin G. Methanolyzed ampicillin also has higher ESI response than ampicillin; however, the effect is less pronounced than for penicillin. Methanolyzed carbenicillin does not have pronouncedly higher ESI response than carbenicillin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafał Frański
- 1 Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Frańska
- 2 Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznań University of Technology, Poznań, Poland
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10
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Krakkó D, Licul-Kucera V, Záray G, Mihucz VG. Single-run ultra-high performance liquid chromatography for quantitative determination of ultra-traces of ten popular active pharmaceutical ingredients by quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry after offline preconcentration by solid phase extraction from drinking and river waters as well as treated wastewater. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Franck S, Fuhrmann-Selter T, Joseph JF, Michelet R, Casilag F, Sirard JC, Wicha SG, Kloft C. A rapid, simple and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay to determine amoxicillin concentrations in biological matrix of little volume. Talanta 2019; 201:253-258. [PMID: 31122420 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.03.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
To assess pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin (AMX) in mice, limitations such as a small sampling volume and low drug concentrations have to be addressed. Similar challenges are faced in a clinical framework, e.g. for therapeutic drug monitoring in neonates or small-scale in vitro investigations. An assay enabling quantification of small sample volumes but still at very low concentrations covering a broad concentration range is thus needed. A simple, rapid and highly sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and successfully validated for quantification of AMX in mouse serum according to European Medicines Agency guidelines. Sample preparation enabled the use of only 10 μL of serum, which is 5-fold less than comparable assays and allows to reduce the number of mice used in pharmacokinetic studies. After protein precipitation with 40 μL chilled methanol and dilution of the supernatant with water, the sample was injected into the LC system on a Poroshell 120 Phenyl Hexyl column (2.1 × 100 mm, 2.7 μm). Chromatographic separation was achieved using a gradient method consisting of acetonitrile and ultra-pure water, both with 0.1% (V/V) formic acid. Positive electrospray ionisation in multiple reaction monitoring mode was used for detection and quantification of AMX. Application to murine study samples demonstrated the reliability of the developed method being accurate and precise with a quantification range from 0.01 to 10 μg/mL. The assay is easily transferable due to a simple sample preparation and confirmed stability of AMX under various applied conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Franck
- Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy & Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Kelchstraße 31, 12169 Berlin, Germany; Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tania Fuhrmann-Selter
- Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy & Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Kelchstraße 31, 12169 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan F Joseph
- Core Facility BioSupraMol, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Koenigin-Luise-Straße 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robin Michelet
- Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy & Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Kelchstraße 31, 12169 Berlin, Germany; Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Analysis, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fiordiligie Casilag
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 1 Rue du Professeur Calmette, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Claude Sirard
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 1 Rue du Professeur Calmette, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sebastian G Wicha
- Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Kloft
- Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy & Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Kelchstraße 31, 12169 Berlin, Germany.
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12
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Amelin VG, Avdeeva NM. Determination of Penicillins G and V in Vegetables and Fruits by Exact Masses of Ions of Protonated Adducts with Methanol by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography‒Time-of-Flight High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193481807002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Rossi R, Saluti G, Moretti S, Diamanti I, Giusepponi D, Galarini R. Multiclass methods for the analysis of antibiotic residues in milk by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry: A review. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 35:241-257. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1393107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Rossi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Saluti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Simone Moretti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Irene Diamanti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Danilo Giusepponi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Galarini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
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14
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Screening and confirmatory method for multiclass determination of 62 antibiotics in meat. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1429:175-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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16
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Hong Y, Sharma VK, Chiang PC, Kim H. Fast-Target Analysis and Hourly Variation of 60 Pharmaceuticals in Wastewater Using UPLC-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 69:525-534. [PMID: 26289813 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-015-0214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A fast and sensitive monitoring method for trace pharmaceuticals in the environment is vital because many of these compounds are ubiquitous, persistent, and biologically active with recognized endocrine-disruption and pharmacological functions. A rapid and reliable ultra high-performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry was developed in the present study to simultaneously identify, confirm, and quantify 60 target pharmaceuticals in wastewater samples. The method uses a sub-2 µm particle column for separating target compounds, which were subsequently quantified with the mass spectrometer. Using this high-throughput analysis method, a single injection could provide results within 5 min for the pharmaceuticals. All of the target compounds were analyzed by the multiple-reaction monitoring with 15-ms fast polarity switching. Both intraday and interday precision analyses indicate excellent coefficient of variability. To evaluate the performance of the method, a standard solution (100 and 1000 ng L(-1)) was spiked into complex wastewater samples. The tailing factor and peak width were also monitored and adjusted for optimizing peaks from the ultra high-performance liquid chromatograph. Of the target pharmaceuticals in wastewater of a sewage-treatment plant analyzed on an hourly basis, only 17 compounds were detected, and others were lower than the method detection limits. Acetaminophen, cimetidine, and iopromide were all detected at >1 μg L(-1), and their concentration profiles were similar to that of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug detected in wastewater. Other noticeable pharmaceuticals were sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. Sources of pharmaceuticals in wastewater are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmin Hong
- Department of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, The University of Seoul, 90 Jeonnong-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-743, Korea
| | - Virender K Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, 1266 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Pen-Chi Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71 Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hyunook Kim
- Department of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, The University of Seoul, 90 Jeonnong-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-743, Korea.
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17
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Annibal A, Schubert K, Wagner U, Hoffmann R, Schiller J, Fedorova M. New covalent modifications of phosphatidylethanolamine by alkanals: mass spectrometry based structural characterization and biological effects. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:557-569. [PMID: 25044840 PMCID: PMC4207196 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of numerous human disorders, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity and Alzheimer's disease, is accompanied by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS can oxidatively damage nearly all biomolecules, including lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. In particular, (poly)unsaturated fatty acids within the phospholipid (PL) structure are easily oxidized by ROS to lipid peroxidation products (LPP) carrying reactive carbonyl groups. Carbonylated LPP are characterized by high in vivo toxicity due to their reactivity with nucleophilic substrates (Lys-, Cys-and His-residues in proteins or amino groups of phosphatidylethanolamines [PE]). Adducts of unsaturated LPP with PE amino groups have been reported before, whereas less is known about the reactivity of saturated alkanals - which are significantly increased in vivo under oxidative stress conditions - towards nucleophilic groups of PLs. Here, we present a study of new alkanal-dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE) adducts by MS-based approaches, using consecutive fragmentation (MS(n)) and multiple reaction monitoring techniques. At least eight different DPPE-hexanal adducts were identified, including Schiff base and amide adducts, six of which have not been reported before. The structures of these new compounds were determined by their fragmentation patterns using MS(n) experiments. The new PE-hexanal adducts contained dimeric and trimeric hexanal conjugates, including cyclic adducts. A new pyridine ring containing adduct of DPPE and hexanal was purified by HPLC, and its biological effects were investigated. Incubation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and monocytes with modified DPPE did not result in increased production of TNF-α as one selected inflammation marker. However, incorporation of modified DPPE into 1,2-dipalmitoleoyl-sn-phosphatidylethanolamine multilamellar vesicles resulted in a negative shift of the transition temperature, indicating a possible role of alkanal-derived modifications in changes of membrane structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Annibal
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität LeipzigGermany
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität LeipzigGermany
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Universität LeipzigGermany
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität LeipzigGermany
| | - Kristin Schubert
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Universität LeipzigGermany
| | - Ulf Wagner
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Universität LeipzigGermany
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität LeipzigGermany
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität LeipzigGermany
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität LeipzigGermany
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität LeipzigGermany
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Universität LeipzigGermany
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität LeipzigGermany
| | - Maria Fedorova
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität LeipzigGermany
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität LeipzigGermany
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Frański R, Czerniel J, Kowalska M, Frańska M. Electrospray ionization collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry of amoxicillin and ampicillin and their degradation products. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:713-722. [PMID: 24573802 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Detailed analysis of the literature results on the electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) fragmentation of amoxicillin and ampicillin, and their comparison with our results, have revealed some incorrect suggestions or incomplete interpretations of mass spectra of these compounds. Therefore, this paper contains a comprehensive discussion devoted to the ESI-MS/MS of ampicillin and amoxicillin as well as their degradation products, namely products of hydrolysis and methanolysis. METHODS Electrospray ionization collision-induced dissociation tandem mass (ESI-CID-MS/MS) spectra and accurate mass measurements were made on a quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-tof) mass spectrometer. Hydrolysis of the antibiotics was performed by heating, for a few hours, their aqueous solutions adjusted to pH 10. Methanolysis of the antibiotics was performed by heating their methanol solutions for a few minutes. Additionally, mass spectra of isotope-labeled compounds were also obtained. RESULTS A number of fragment ions, previously wrongly interpreted or not interpreted, have been rationalized. For example, formation of an abundant fragment at m/z 208 originating from the protonated amoxicillin molecule (ion [Amox + H](+)) was previously rationalized as a result of breaking of two bonds of the β-lactam ring. We found that this fragment ion had to be formed by the loss of ammonia and breaking of three bonds of the bicyclic system. CONCLUSIONS The discussion presented enables a better understanding of the MS decompositions of amoxicillin and ampicillin as well as their degradation products. MS decomposition is used for the determinations of these compounds, when the so-called multiple-reaction monitoring is applied during liquid chromatography (LC)/ESI-MS analysis. Thus, better understanding of MS decompositions of the above compounds seems to be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Frański
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Chemistry, Umultowska 89B, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
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19
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Sekar R, Kailasa SK, Chen YC, Wu HF. Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric studies to probe the interaction of Cu(II) with amoxicillin. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Sysoev AA, Chernyshev DM, Poteshin SS, Karpov AV, Fomin OI, Sysoev AA. Development of an Atmospheric Pressure Ion Mobility Spectrometer–Mass Spectrometer with an Orthogonal Acceleration Electrostatic Sector TOF Mass Analyzer. Anal Chem 2013; 85:9003-12. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401191k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Sysoev
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 115409, Kashirskoe shosse 31, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Linantec Ltd, 115409, Kashirskoe shosse 31, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Denis M. Chernyshev
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 115409, Kashirskoe shosse 31, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Linantec Ltd, 115409, Kashirskoe shosse 31, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey S. Poteshin
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 115409, Kashirskoe shosse 31, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V. Karpov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 115409, Kashirskoe shosse 31, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg I. Fomin
- Linantec Ltd, 115409, Kashirskoe shosse 31, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A. Sysoev
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 115409, Kashirskoe shosse 31, Moscow, Russian Federation
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21
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Lara FJ, del Olmo-Iruela M, Cruces-Blanco C, Quesada-Molina C, García-Campaña AM. Advances in the determination of β-lactam antibiotics by liquid chromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Pérez-Parada A, Agüera A, Gómez-Ramos MDM, García-Reyes JF, Heinzen H, Fernández-Alba AR. Behavior of amoxicillin in wastewater and river water: identification of its main transformation products by liquid chromatography/electrospray quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:731-742. [PMID: 21337634 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The identification of transformation products (TPs) of pharmaceuticals in the environment is essentially a challenging task due to the lack of standards and the instrumental capabilities required to detect compounds (sometimes unknowns) that are produced under environmental conditions. In this work, we report the use of liquid chromatography/electrospray quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/QTOF-MS/MS) as a tool for the identification of amoxicillin (AMX) and its main TPs in wastewater and river water samples. Laboratory degradation experiments of AMX were performed in both alkaline and acidic media in order to confirm that the expected transformation pathway in the aquatic media is through the β-lactam ring cleavage. A thorough study was carried out with both standards and real samples (wastewater and river water samples). Four compounds were identified as main TPs: both amoxicillin diketopiperacine-2',5' and amoxilloic acid diastereomers. Amoxilloic acid stereoisomers are reported for the first time in environmental matrices. The transformation product (5R)-amoxicillin diketopiperacine-2',5' was frequently detected in river waters. Besides, another AMX transformation product formed during analysis was also structurally elucidated for the first time (amoxicilloic acid methyl ester) via accurate mass measurements. Collected data show that although AMX is not present as such in environmental samples, different TPs occur. This study represent a valuable indicator of the potential of LC/QTOF-MS/MS for the identification and structural elucidation of TPs in the environment using accurate MS/MS experiments, enabling thus the recognition of the environmental transformation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Pérez-Parada
- Universidad de la República, Farmacognosia y Productos Naturales, Facultad de Química, Montevideo, Uruguay
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23
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Zhang X, Jia B, Huang K, Hu B, Chen R, Chen H. Tracing Origins of Complex Pharmaceutical Preparations Using Surface Desorption Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2010; 82:8060-70. [DOI: 10.1021/ac100407k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinglei Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province 344000, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130023, P. R. China
| | - Bin Jia
- Department of Applied Chemistry, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province 344000, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130023, P. R. China
| | - Keke Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province 344000, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130023, P. R. China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province 344000, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130023, P. R. China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province 344000, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130023, P. R. China
| | - Huanwen Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province 344000, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130023, P. R. China
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24
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Basic rules for the interpretation of atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectra of small molecules. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:3908-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Revised: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Jemal M, Ouyang Z, Xia YQ. Systematic LC-MS/MS bioanalytical method development that incorporates plasma phospholipids risk avoidance, usage of incurred sample and well thought-out chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 24:2-19. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Grujić S, Vasiljević T, Laušević M. Determination of multiple pharmaceutical classes in surface and ground waters by liquid chromatography–ion trap–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:4989-5000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Wujcik CE, Kadar EP. Reduction of in-source collision-induced dissociation and thermolysis of sulopenem prodrugs for quantitative liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometric analysis by promoting sodium adduct formation. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:3195-3206. [PMID: 18803331 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Six chromatographically resolved sulopenem prodrugs were monitored for their potential to undergo both in-source collision-induced dissociation (CID) and thermolysis. Initial Q1 scans for each prodrug revealed the formation of intense [Prodrug2 + H]+, [Prodrug2 + Na]+, [Prodrug + Na]+, and [Sulopenem + Na]+ ions. Non-adduct-associated sulopenem ([Sulopenem + H]+) along with several additional lower mass ions were also observed. Product ion scans of [Prodrug3 + Na]+ showed the retention of the sodium adduct in the collision cell continuing down to opening of the beta-lactam ring. In-source CID and temperature experiments were conducted under chromatographic conditions while monitoring several of the latter ion transitions (i.e., adducts, dimers and degradants/fragments) for a given prodrug. The resulting ion profiles indicated the regions of greatest stability for temperature and declustering potential (DP) that provided the highest signal intensity for each prodrug and minimized in-source degradation. The heightened stability of adduct ions, relative to their appropriate counterpart (i.e., dimer to dimer adduct and prodrug to prodrug adduct ions), was observed under elevated temperature and DP conditions. The addition of 100 microM sodium to the mobile phase further enhanced the formation of these more stable adduct ions, yielding an optimal [Prodrug + Na]+ ion signal at temperatures from 400 to 600 degrees C. A clinical liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) assay for sulopenem prodrug PF-04064900 in buffered whole blood was successfully validated using sodium-fortified mobile phase and the [PF-04064900 + Na]+ ion for quantitation. A conservative five-fold increase in sensitivity from previously validated preclinical assays using the [PF-04064900 + H]+ precursor ion was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad E Wujcik
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics & Metabolism, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA.
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28
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Bateman AP, Walser ML, Desyaterik Y, Laskin J, Laskin A, Nizkorodov SA. The effect of solvent on the analysis of secondary organic aerosol using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:7341-7346. [PMID: 18939568 DOI: 10.1021/es801226w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of solvent on the analysis of organic aerosol extracts using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) produced by ozonation of d-limonene, as well as several organic molecules with functional groups typical for OA constituents, were extracted in methanol, d3-methanol, acetonitrile, and d3-acetonitrile to investigate the extent and relative rates of reactions between analyte and solvent. High resolution ESI-MS showed that reactions of carbonyls with methanol produce significant amounts of hemiacetals and acetals on time scales ranging from several minutes to several days, with the reaction rates increasing in acidified solutions. Carboxylic acid groups were observed to react with methanol resulting in the formation of esters. In contrast acetonitrile extracts showed no evidence of reactions with analyte molecules, suggesting that acetonitrile is the preferred solvent for SOA extraction. The use of solvent-analyte reactivity as a tool for the improved characterization of functional groups in complex organic mixtures was demonstrated. Direct comparison between mass spectra of the same SOA samples extracted in methanol versus acetonitrile was used to estimate the lower limits for the relative fractions of carbonyls (> or = 42%) and carboxylic acids (> or = 55%) in d-limonene SOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Bateman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92617-2025, USA
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