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Gutierrez E, Mitchell S, Hambly C, Sayle KL, von Kriegsheim A, Speakman JR, Britton K. Carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur elemental and isotopic variations in mouse hair and bone collagen during short-term graded calorie restriction. iScience 2024; 27:110059. [PMID: 38947513 PMCID: PMC11214416 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This study characterized the effect of calorie restriction (CR) on elemental content and stable isotope ratio measurements of bone "collagen" and hair keratin. Adult mice on graded CR (10-40%; 84 days) showed decreased hair δ 15N, δ 13C, and δ 34S values (significantly for δ 15N) with increasing CR, alongside a significant increase in bone "collagen" δ 15N values and a decrease in "collagen" δ 13C values. We propose this was likely due to the intensified mobilization of endogenous proteins, as well as lipids in newly synthesized "collagen". Elemental analysis of bone "collagen" revealed decreased carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur % content with increasing CR which is attributed to a change in the in vivo bone "collagen" structure with extent of CR. This complexity challenges the use of elemental indicators in the assessment of collagen quality in archaeological studies where nutritional stress may be a factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléa Gutierrez
- Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland AB39 2PN, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland AB24 2TZ, UK
- AASPE “Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique: Sociétés, Pratiques, Environnements”, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sharon Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Catherine Hambly
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Kerry L. Sayle
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Scotland G75 0QF, UK
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Scotland EH4 2XR, UK
| | - John R. Speakman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland AB24 2TZ, UK
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Centre for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PRC
- Centre of Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming, PRC
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PRC
| | - Kate Britton
- Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland AB39 2PN, UK
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Wasserfurth P, Huelsemann F, Koehler K. Changes in urinary stable nitrogen isotope ratios during controlled short-term energy deficit: a proof-of-principle analysis. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:919-926. [PMID: 38243136 PMCID: PMC10948555 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03320-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stable isotope ratios of nitrogen (δ15N) have previously been shown to increase in human hair during periods of catabolism. The goal of this study was to assess changes in δ15N in urinary urea (δ15Nurea) and Δ15N during a short-term controlled energy deficit. METHODS We analyzed samples from 6 recreationally active men (25 ± 1 years, BMI: 23.5 ± 0.6 kg/m2) who participated in a repeated measures cross-over study involving 4 days of energy deficit (ED, ~ 15 kcal/kg FFM) without and with exercise (ED-EX, ED + EX) and control conditions in energy balance (CON-EX, CON + EX). δ15Nurea was analyzed from urine samples, and Δ15N was calculated as δ15Nurea-δ15Ndiet, with δ15Ndiet obtained from diet prescriptions. RESULTS δ15Nurea was significantly elevated in ED-EX (4.4 ± 0.2‰) when compared to CON-EX (3.7 ± 0.1‰; p = 0.026) and CON + EX (3.34 ± 0.13‰, p = 0.001). As a consequence, Δ15N was positive in ED-EX (0.2 ± 0.2‰) and remained negative in ED + EX (- 0.6 ± 0.5‰), CON-EX (- 1.0 ± 0.2) and CON + EX (- 1.1 ± 0.2). Differences in Δ15N were significant between ED-EX and CON-EX (p = 0.005) and ED-EX and CON + EX (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that δ15Nurea and subsequently Δ15N are responsive to a short-term energy deficit, likely due to increased amino acid oxidation to meet energy demands and preferable elimination of 14N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Wasserfurth
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Huelsemann
- Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karsten Koehler
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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3
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Ahn SV, Park JK. The association between carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of human hair and hypertension. Clin Hypertens 2023; 29:4. [PMID: 36721223 PMCID: PMC9890701 DOI: 10.1186/s40885-022-00228-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between stable isotope ratios and dietary protein sources has been reported. However, few studies have examined the effect of stable isotope ratios on metabolic risk in humans. We investigated whether the stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in human hair are associated with blood pressure and hypertension. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 392 subjects (228 men and 164 women). Hair samples of the subjects were used for the measurement of stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N). RESULTS The δ13C and δ15N values showed positive correlations with diastolic blood pressure in the subjects without antihypertensive medication. In the subjects without antihypertensive medication, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for hypertension was 1.55 (1.04-2.30) per 1‰ increase in δ15N and 1.22 (0.86-1.73) per 1‰ increase in δ13C, respectively. However, in the subjects with antihypertensive medication, neither δ13C nor δ15N values showed a significant association with hypertension. CONCLUSIONS The stable isotopic ratio of nitrogen in scalp hair is independently associated with hypertension in subjects without antihypertensive medication. The hair δ15N value might be used as a surrogate marker to screen a high-risk population for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Vogue Ahn
- grid.255649.90000 0001 2171 7754Department of Health Convergence, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ku Park
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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Johnson JJ, Shaw PA, Wooller MJ, Venti CA, Krakoff J, Votruba SB, O'Brien DM. Amino Acid Nitrogen Isotope Ratios Respond to Fish and Meat Intake in a 12-Week Inpatient Feeding Study of Men. J Nutr 2022; 152:2031-2038. [PMID: 35511610 PMCID: PMC9445847 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The natural abundance nitrogen stable isotope ratio (NIR) of whole tissue correlates with animal protein intakes, including meat and fish. Amino acid (AA) NIRs (NIRAAs) are more variable than the whole-tissue NIRs and may thus better differentiate among foods. OBJECTIVES We evaluated whether NIRAAs were associated with intakes of fish and meat and whether these dietary associations were larger than with whole-tissue NIRs. METHODS Men were recruited at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases in Phoenix, Arizona, and randomly assigned to one of eight 12-wk inpatient dietary interventions, which varied the presence/absence of fish, meat, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in all possible combinations. Fasting blood was drawn pre- and postintervention and plasma and RBC NIRAAs (free and protein-bound) were measured as secondary outcomes in 32 participants. Multivariable regression was used to determine responses of postintervention NIRAAs to dietary variables, and logistic regression was used to calculate receiver operating characteristic AUCs. RESULTS Most plasma NIRAAs increased with fish and meat intakes, but to a greater extent with fish intake. The largest increase in response to fish intake was plasma NIRLeucine (β = 2.19, SE = 0.26). The NIRThreonine decreased with both fish and meat intakes. Fewer RBC NIRAAs increased with fish intake, and only RBC NIRProline increased with meat intake. No plasma or RBC NIRAA responded to SSB intake. We identified fish intake with a high degree of accuracy using plasma NIRLeucine (corrected AUC, cAUC = 0.96) and NIRGlutamic acid/glutamine (cAUC = 0.93), and meat intake to a lower degree using plasma NIRProline (cAUC = 0.80) and RBC NIRProline (cAUC = 0.85). CONCLUSIONS Plasma and RBC NIRAAs were associated with fish and meat intakes but were not superior to whole-tissue stable isotope biomarkers in identifying these intakes in a US diet. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01237093.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pamela A Shaw
- Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew J Wooller
- Alaska Stable Isotope Facility, Water and Environmental Research Center, Institute of Northern Engineering, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Colleen A Venti
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/NIH, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jonathan Krakoff
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/NIH, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Susanne B Votruba
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/NIH, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Diane M O'Brien
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
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De Luca A, Küster A, Tea I, Darmaun D, Rozé JC, Robins R, Hankard R. Plasma amino acid pools in the umbilical cord artery show lower 15N natural isotope abundance relative to the maternal venous pools. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2021; 57:3-10. [PMID: 32972258 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2020.1817914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
15N natural isotope abundance (NIA) is systematically higher in infants' hair than in that of their mothers at birth. This study aimed to investigate this difference in plasma pools. We compared 15N NIA values for plasma amino acid (AA) pools (free + protein-bound) in the umbilical cord artery (UCA) and vein (UCV) and in the maternal vein (MV) at birth. This preliminary study included 7 mother-infant dyads. Whole plasma was treated (HCl) to hydrolyze protein. Following derivatization, AAs were separated using gas chromatography and compound-specific 15N NIA values were measured on-line using an isotope ratio monitoring mass spectrometer. 15N NIA plasma AA pools in the UCA and UCV were highly correlated to the MV, r 2 > 0.89 and r 2 > 0.88 (both P < 10-4) respectively. The full model found a significant effect of sampling compartment (P = 0.02) and AA type (P < 0.0001) on 15N NIA plasma AA values. 15N NIA plasma AA was 0.74 ‰ higher (P = 0.01) in the MV than in the UCA. This study indicates that a decrease in 15N NIA for plasma AA pools occurs in the fetal-placental unit. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00607061.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud De Luca
- Inserm UMR 1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France
- Nutrition Unit, Regional University Hospital Centre, Tours, France
| | - Alice Küster
- Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Units, University Hospital Centre, Nantes, France
- INRAE UMR PhAN, University of Nantes, CRNH-Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - Illa Tea
- University of Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| | | | - Jean-Christophe Rozé
- Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Units, University Hospital Centre, Nantes, France
- INRAE UMR PhAN, University of Nantes, CRNH-Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - Richard Robins
- University of Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Régis Hankard
- Inserm UMR 1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France
- Nutrition Unit, Regional University Hospital Centre, Tours, France
- University F Rabelais, Tours, France
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Fauberteau AE, Chartrand MM, Hu L, St-Jean G, Bataille CP. Investigating a cold case using high-resolution multi-isotope profiles in human hair. Forensic Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2020.100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Johnson JJ, Shaw PA, Oh EJ, Wooller MJ, Merriman S, Yun HY, Larsen T, Krakoff J, Votruba SB, O'Brien DM. The carbon isotope ratios of nonessential amino acids identify sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumers in a 12-wk inpatient feeding study of 32 men with varying SSB and meat exposures. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:1256-1264. [PMID: 33676366 PMCID: PMC8106756 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The carbon isotope ratios (CIRs) of individual amino acids (AAs) may provide more sensitive and specific biomarkers of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) than total tissue CIR. Because CIRs turn over slowly, long-term controlled-feeding studies are needed in their evaluation. OBJECTIVE We assessed the responses of plasma and RBC CIRAA's to SSB and meat intake in a 12-wk inpatient feeding study. METHODS Thirty-two men (aged 46.2 ± 10.5 y) completed the feeding study at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases in Phoenix, Arizona. The effects of SSB, meat, and fish intake on plasma and RBC CIRAA's were evaluated in a balanced factorial design with each dietary variable either present or absent in a common weight-maintaining, macronutrient-balanced diet. Fasting blood samples were collected biweekly from baseline. Dietary effects on the postfeeding CIR of 5 nonessential AAs (CIRNEAA's) and 4 essential AAs (CIREAA's) were analyzed using multivariable regression. RESULTS In plasma, 4 of 5 CIRNEAA's increased with SSB intake. Of these, the CIRAla was the most sensitive (β = 2.81, SE = 0.38) to SSB intake and was not affected by meat or fish intake. In RBCs, all 5 CIRNEAA's increased with SSBs but had smaller effect sizes than in plasma. All plasma CIREAA's increased with meat intake (but not SSB or fish intake), and the CIRLeu was the most sensitive (β = 1.26, SE = 0.23). CIRs of leucine and valine also increased with meat intake in RBCs. Estimates of turnover suggest that CIRAA's in plasma, but not RBCs, were in equilibrium with the diets by the end of the study. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study in men support CIRNEAA's as potential biomarkers of SSB intake and suggest CIREAA's as potential biomarkers of meat intake in US diets. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01237093 as NCT01237093.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pamela A Shaw
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric J Oh
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew J Wooller
- Alaska Stable Isotope Facility, Water and Environmental Research Center, Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA,Department of Marine Biology, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Sean Merriman
- Institute of Arctic Biology, Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Hee Young Yun
- Institute of Arctic Biology, Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Thomas Larsen
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Krakoff
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/NIH, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Susanne B Votruba
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/NIH, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Diane M O'Brien
- Institute of Arctic Biology, Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
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8
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Lacombe RJS, Bazinet RP. Natural abundance carbon isotope ratio analysis and its application in the study of diet and metabolism. Nutr Rev 2020; 79:869-888. [PMID: 33141222 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to differences in carbon assimilation pathways between plants, there are subtle but distinct variations in the carbon isotope ratios of foods and animal products throughout the food supply. Although it is well understood that the carbon isotope ratio composition of the diet influences that of the consumers' tissues, the application of natural abundance carbon isotope ratio analysis in nutrition has long been underappreciated. Over the past decade, however, several studies have investigated the utility of carbon isotope ratio analysis for evaluation of nutritional biomarker status, primarily focusing on its application as an objective indicator of sugar and animal protein intake. More recently, research investigating the application of natural abundance measurements has been extended to study fatty acid metabolism and has yielded encouraging results. Collectively, data from large-scale observational studies and experimental animal studies highlight the potential for carbon isotope ratio analysis as an additional and effective tool to study diet and metabolism. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of natural abundance carbon isotope ratio analysis, its application to studying nutrition, and an update of the research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Scott Lacombe
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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Bataille CP, Chartrand MMG, Raposo F, St-Jean G. Assessing geographic controls of hair isotopic variability in human populations: A case-study in Canada. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237105. [PMID: 32776947 PMCID: PMC7416927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying the isotope variability in fast-growing human tissues (e.g., hair, nails) is a powerful tool to investigate human nutrition. However, interpreting the controls of this isotopic variability at the population scale is often challenging as multiple factors can superimpose on the isotopic signals of a current population. Here, we analyse carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur isotopes in hair from 590 Canadian resident volunteers along with demographics, dietary and geographic information about each participant. We use a series of machine-learning regressions to demonstrate that the isotopic values in Canadian residents' hair are not only influenced by dietary choices but by geographic controls. First, we show that isotopic values in Canadian residents' hair have a limited range of variability consistent with the homogenization of Canadian dietary habits (as in other industrialized countries). As expected, some of the isotopic variability within the population correlates with recorded individual dietary choices. More interestingly, some regional spatial patterns emerge from carbon and sulphur isotope variations. The high carbon isotope composition of the hair of eastern Canadians relative to that of western Canadians correlates with the dominance of corn in the eastern Canadian food-industry. The gradient of sulphur isotope composition in Canadian hair from coast to inland regions correlates with the increasing soil pH and decreasing deposition of marine-derived sulphate aerosols in local food systems. We conclude that part of the isotopic variability found in the hair of Canadian residents reflects the isotopic signature associated with specific environmental conditions and agricultural practices of regional food systems transmitted to humans through the high consumption rate of intra-provincial food in Canada. Our study also underscores the strong potential of sulphur isotopes as tracers of human and food provenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement P. Bataille
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Francis Raposo
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gilles St-Jean
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Votruba SB, Shaw PA, Oh EJ, Venti CA, Bonfiglio S, Krakoff J, O'Brien DM. Associations of plasma, RBCs, and hair carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios with fish, meat, and sugar-sweetened beverage intake in a 12-wk inpatient feeding study. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:1306-1315. [PMID: 31515553 PMCID: PMC6885477 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naturally occurring carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios [13C/12C (CIR) and 15N/14N (NIR)] are promising dietary biomarkers. As these candidate biomarkers have long tissue residence times, long-term feeding studies are needed for their evaluation. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to evaluate plasma, RBCs, and hair CIR and NIR as biomarkers of fish, meat, and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake in a 12-wk dietary intervention. METHODS Thirty-two men (aged 46.2 ± 10.5 y; BMI: 27.2 ± 4.0 kg/m2) underwent a 12-wk inpatient dietary intervention at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) in Phoenix, Arizona. The effects of fish, meat, and SSB intake on CIR and NIR were evaluated using a balanced factorial design, with each intake factor at 2 levels (present/absent) in a common, background diet (50% carbohydrate, 30% fat, 20% protein). Fasting blood samples were taken biweekly from baseline, and hair samples were collected at baseline and postintervention. Data were analyzed using multivariable regression. RESULTS The postintervention CIR of plasma was elevated when diets included meat (β = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.73,1.05) and SSBs (β = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.64). The postintervention NIR of plasma was elevated when diets included fish (β = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.64, 1.05) and meat (β = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.42, 0.8). Results were similar for RBCs and hair. Postintervention RBC CIR and NIR had strong associations with baseline, suggesting that turnover to the intervention diets was incomplete after 12 wk. Estimates of isotopic turnover rate further confirmed incomplete turnover of RBCs. CONCLUSIONS CIR was associated with meat and SSBs, and more strongly with meat. NIR was associated with fish and meat, and more strongly with fish. Overall, CIR and NIR discriminated between dietary fish and meat, and to a lesser extent SSBs, indicating their potential utility as biomarkers of intake in US diets. Approaches to make these biomarkers more specific are needed. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01237093.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne B Votruba
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/NIH, Phoenix, AZ, USA,Address correspondence to SBV (e-mail: )
| | - Pamela A Shaw
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric J Oh
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Colleen A Venti
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/NIH, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Susan Bonfiglio
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/NIH, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jonathan Krakoff
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/NIH, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Diane M O'Brien
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
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Gordon G, Rhoads A. Field-deployable measurements of free-living individuals to determine energy balance: fuel substrate usage through δ 13C in breath CO 2 and diet through hair δ 13C and δ 15N values. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2019; 55:70-79. [PMID: 30602299 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2018.1562448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon isotopes of breath CO2 vary depending on diet and fuel substrate used. This study examined if exercise-induced δ13C-CO2 changes in substrate utilization were distinguishable from baseline δ13C-CO2 variations in a population with uncontrolled diet, and compared hair isotope values and food logs to develop an isotope model of diet. Study participants included nine women with diverse Body Mass Index (BMI), age, ancestry, exercise history, and diet. Breath samples were collected prior to and up to 12 h after a 5- or 10 K walk/run. Indirect calorimetry was measured with a smartphone-enabled mobile colorimetric device, and a field-deployable isotope analyzer measured breath δ13C-CO2 values. Diet was assessed by food logs and δ13C, δ15N of hair samples. Post-exercise δ13C-CO2 values increased by 0.54 ± 1.09‰ (1 sd, n = 9), implying enhanced carbohydrate burning, while early morning δ13C-CO2 values were lower than daily averages (p = 0.0043), indicating lipid burning during overnight fasting. Although diurnal δ13C-CO2 variation (1.90 ± 0.77‰) and participant baseline range (3.06‰) exceeded exercise-induced variation, temporal patterns distinguished exercise from dietary isotope effects. Hair δ13C and δ15N values were consistent with a new dietary isotope model. Notwithstanding the small number of participants, this study introduces a novel combination of techniques to directly monitor energy balance in free-living individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwyneth Gordon
- a School of Earth & Space Exploration , Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA
| | - Amrita Rhoads
- b Peggy Payne Academy , McClintock High School , Tempe , AZ , USA
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12
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Revealing details of stays abroad by sequential stable isotope analyses along human hair strands. Int J Legal Med 2018; 133:935-947. [PMID: 29876636 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-018-1866-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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13
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Tea I, Tcherkez G. Natural Isotope Abundance in Metabolites: Techniques and Kinetic Isotope Effect Measurement in Plant, Animal, and Human Tissues. Methods Enzymol 2017; 596:113-147. [PMID: 28911768 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The natural isotope abundance in bulk organic matter or tissues is not a sufficient base to investigate physiological properties, biosynthetic mechanisms, and nutrition sources of biological systems. In fact, isotope effects in metabolism lead to a heterogeneous distribution of 2H, 18O, 13C, and 15N isotopes in metabolites. Therefore, compound-specific isotopic analysis (CSIA) is crucial to biological and medical applications of stable isotopes. Here, we review methods to implement CSIA for 15N and 13C from plant, animal, and human samples and discuss technical solutions that have been used for the conversion to CO2 and N2 for IRMS analysis, derivatization and isotope effect measurements. It appears that despite the flexibility of instruments used for CSIA, there is no universal method simply because the chemical nature of metabolites of interest varies considerably. Also, CSIA methods are often limited by isotope effects in sample preparation or the addition of atoms from the derivatizing reagents, and this implies that corrections must be made to calculate a proper δ-value. Therefore, CSIA has an enormous potential for biomedical applications, but its utilization requires precautions for its successful application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illa Tea
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Cancer Metabolism and Genetics Group, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
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Hülsemann F, Koehler K, Wittsiepe J, Wilhelm M, Hilbig A, Kersting M, Braun H, Flenker U, Schänzer W. Prediction of human dietary δ 15N intake from standardised food records: validity and precision of single meal and 24-h diet data. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2017; 53:356-367. [PMID: 28292192 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2017.1302447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural stable isotope ratios (δ15N) of humans can be used for nutritional analyses and dietary reconstruction of modern and historic individuals and populations. Information about an individual's metabolic state can be obtained by comparison of tissue and dietary δ15N. Different methods have been used to estimate dietary δ15N in the past; however, the validity of such predictions has not been compared to experimental values. For a total of 56 meals and 21 samples of 24-h diets, predicted and experimental δ15N values were compared. The δ15N values were predicted from self-recorded food intake and compared with experimental δ15N values. Predicted and experimental δ15N values were in good agreement for meals and preparations (r = 0.89, p < .001) as well as for the 24-h diets (r = 0.76, p < .001). Dietary δ15N was mainly determined by the amount of fish, whereas the contribution of meat to dietary δ15N values was less pronounced. Prediction of human dietary δ15N values using standardised food records and representative δ15N data sets yields reliable data for dietary δ15N intake. A differentiated analysis of the primary protein sources is necessary when relating the proportion of animal-derived protein in the diet by δ15N analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Hülsemann
- a Institute of Biochemistry , German Sport University Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Karsten Koehler
- b Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , NE , USA
| | - Jürgen Wittsiepe
- c Department of Hygiene , Social and Environmental Medicine Ruhr-University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Michael Wilhelm
- c Department of Hygiene , Social and Environmental Medicine Ruhr-University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Annett Hilbig
- d Research Institute of Child Nutrition (FKE) , University of Bonn , Dortmund , Germany
| | - Mathilde Kersting
- d Research Institute of Child Nutrition (FKE) , University of Bonn , Dortmund , Germany
| | - Hans Braun
- e German Research Centre of Elite Sports , German Sport University Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Ulrich Flenker
- a Institute of Biochemistry , German Sport University Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Wilhelm Schänzer
- a Institute of Biochemistry , German Sport University Cologne , Cologne , Germany
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Hülsemann F, Koehler K, Flenker U, Schänzer W. Do we excrete what we eat? Analysis of stable nitrogen isotope ratios of human urinary urea. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:1221-1227. [PMID: 28466567 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Natural stable nitrogen isotope ratios (δ15 N) are frequently used for the determination of provenance and dietary assessment of recent and ancient humans. Although individual δ15 N values typically correspond to the dietary δ15 N composition, they are also affected by metabolic conditions. Preferred matrices for the measurement of human δ15 N values have been hair, nail or blood. The goal of this study was to validate a novel approach for the assessment of the δ15 N values from urinary urea, the principal end-product of human N metabolism. METHODS The method, which involves the precipitation of urea from urine using xanthydrol, was validated using fortified urea solutions. Intra- and inter-individual variance of the δ15 N values of urinary urea was determined from samples obtained from multiple human subjects. RESULTS Precipitation with xanthydrol did not alter the δ15 N values of urea. The mean δ15 N value in urinary urea from human subjects from Germany was +4.4 ± 0.6 ‰, which corresponds to the estimated dietary composition. It falls below previously reported δ15 N values for human tissue and blood samples. Longitudinal analyses over 7 days illustrate short-time changes linked to varying protein intake. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that δ15 N values can be measured reliably from human urine and that the method is suitable to monitor rapid dietary and metabolic changes of an individual. Our findings further confirm that urinary urea is depleted in 15 N compared with human tissue but within the range of the δ15 N composition of the diet. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Hülsemann
- Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Köln, Germany
- The German Research Centre of Elite Sport, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Köln, Germany
| | - Karsten Koehler
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Ulrich Flenker
- Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Köln, Germany
- The German Research Centre of Elite Sport, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Köln, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Schänzer
- Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Köln, Germany
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Endo T, Ogasawara H, Hayasaka M, Hotta Y, Kimura O, Petzke KJ. Correlations between mercury concentration, and stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen of amino acids in scalp hair from whale meat eaters and heavy fish eaters. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:745-752. [PMID: 28225553 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE As mercury (Hg) accumulation in marine animals generally increases with increased trophic level (δ15 N values) through the food web, predators accumulate higher levels of Hg. The main source of human Hg intake is the consumption of fish and other marine animals, and Hg concentration in scalp hair is the preferred marker for evaluating consumption of marine animals. Difference in δ15 N values between trophic and source amino acids of human consumers could enable us to estimate the trophic level of the consumer without knowing the bulk δ15 N value of their prey. METHODS We measured the δ15 N values of 15 amino acids in scalp hair from heavy fish eaters and whale meat eaters using isotope ratio monitoring gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (irm-GC/MS), and investigated the correlations between Hg concentrations in the hair and the δ15 N values of the individual constituent amino acids. RESULTS The δ15 N values for all trophic amino acids (Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Asx and Glx) increased with increases in Hg concentration (p < 0.01), with the highest correlation being with Glx (R2 = 0.725). In contrast, the δ15 N value for Thr decreased with increases in Hg concentration (R2 = 0.663, p < 0.01). The difference in δ15 N values between Glx and Thr was positively correlated with Hg concentration, showing the highest correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.773, p < 0.01) among the various combinations for amino acids. CONCLUSIONS The difference in δ15 N values between Glx and Thr appears to be the best proxy for the estimation of Hg concentration in scalp hair. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Endo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Hideki Ogasawara
- Sapporo Minami-Seishu Hospital, 1-2-20, Satozuka, Kiyota-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 004-0501, Japan
| | - Moriaki Hayasaka
- Sapporo Higashi-Tokushukai Hospital, N33-E14, Higashi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 065-0033, Japan
| | - Yohei Hotta
- Hokusei Hospital, W3-2-10-1, Shinkawa, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0933, Japan
| | - Osamu Kimura
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Klaus J Petzke
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany
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Fuller BT, Petzke KJ. The dietary protein paradox and threonine 15 N-depletion: Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate enzyme activity as a mechanism for the δ 15 N trophic level effect. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:705-718. [PMID: 28181729 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ15 N values) are used to reconstruct dietary patterns, but the biochemical mechanism(s) responsible for the diet to tissue trophic level effect and its variability are not fully understood. Here δ15 N amino acid (AA) values and physiological measurements (nitrogen intake, plasma albumin concentrations, liver-reduced glutathione concentrations and leucine oxidation rates) are used to investigate increased dietary protein consumption and oxidative stress (vitamin E deficiency) in rat total plasma protein. METHODS Using gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry, the δ15 N values from N-pivaloyl-i-propyl esters of 15 AAs are reported for rats (n = 40) fed casein-based diets with: adequate protein (AP, 13.8%; n = 10), medium protein (MP, 25.7%; n = 10), high protein (HP, 51.3%; n = 10) or HP without vitamin E (HP-E; n = 10) for 18 weeks. RESULTS Between the HP and AP groups, the δ15 NAA values of threonine (-4.0‰), serine (+1.4‰) and glycine (+1.2‰) display the largest differences and show significant correlations with: nitrogen intake, plasma albumin concentrations, liver-reduced glutathione concentrations and leucine oxidation rates. This indicates increased AA catabolism by the dietary induction of shared common metabolic pathways involving the enzymes threonine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.19), serine hydroxymethyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.1) and the glycine cleavage system (EC 2.1.2.10). The δ15 NAA values of the HP-E and HP groups were not found to be significantly different. CONCLUSIONS The 15 N-depleted results of threonine are linked to increased activity of threonine ammonia-lyase, and show potential as a possible biomarker for protein intake and/or gluconeogenesis. We hypothesize that the inverse nitrogen equilibrium isotope effects of Schiff base formation, between AAs and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate cofactor enzymes, play a key role in the bioaccumulation and depletion of 15 N in the biomolecules of living organisms and contributes to the variability in the nitrogen trophic level effect. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Fuller
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Klaus J Petzke
- Department of Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition in Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany
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Biomarkers for nutrient intake with focus on alternative sampling techniques. GENES AND NUTRITION 2016; 11:12. [PMID: 27551313 PMCID: PMC4968438 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-016-0527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers of nutrient intake or nutrient status are important objective measures of foods/nutrients as one of the most important environmental factors people are exposed to. It is very difficult to obtain accurate data on individual food intake, and there is a large variation of nutrient composition of foods consumed in a population. Thus, it is difficult to obtain precise measures of exposure to different nutrients and thereby be able to understand the relationship between diet, health, and disease. This is the background for investing considerable resources in studying biomarkers of nutrients believed to be important in our foods. Modern technology with high sensitivity and specificity concerning many nutrient biomarkers has allowed an interesting development with analyses of very small amounts of blood or tissue material. In combination with non-professional collection of blood by finger-pricking and collection on filters or sticks, this may make collection of samples and analyses of biomarkers much more available for scientists as well as health professionals and even lay people in particular in relation to the marked trend of self-monitoring of body functions linked to mobile phone technology. Assuming standard operating procedures are used for collection, drying, transport, extraction, and analysis of samples, it turns out that many analytes of nutritional interest can be measured like metabolites, drugs, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and many types of peptides and proteins. The advantage of this alternative sampling technology is that non-professionals can collect, dry, and mail the samples; the samples can often be stored under room temperature in a dry atmosphere, requiring small amounts of blood. Another promising area is the potential relation between the microbiome and biomarkers that may be measured in feces as well as in blood.
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Hülsemann F, Lehn C, Schneider S, Jackson G, Hill S, Rossmann A, Scheid N, Dunn PJH, Flenker U, Schänzer W. Global spatial distributions of nitrogen and carbon stable isotope ratios of modern human hair. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:2111-2121. [PMID: 26467223 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Natural stable carbon (δ(13)C) and nitrogen isotope ratios (δ(15)N) of humans are related to individual dietary habits and environmental and physiological factors. In forensic science the stable isotope ratios of human remains such as hair and nail are used for geographical allocation. Thus, knowledge of the global spatial distribution of human δ(13)C and δ(15)N values is an essential component in the interpretation of stable isotope analytical results. METHODS No substantial global datasets of human stable isotope ratios are currently available, although the amount of available (published) data has increased within recent years. We have herein summarised the published data on human global δ(13)C andδ(15)N values (around 3600 samples) and added experimental values of more than 400 additional worldwide human hair and nail samples. In order to summarise isotope ratios for hair and nail samples correction factors were determined. RESULTS The current available dataset of human stable isotope ratios is biased towards Europe and North America with only limited data for countries in Africa, Central and South America and Southeast Asia. The global spatial distribution of carbon isotopes is related to latitude and supports the fact that human δ(13)C values are dominated by the amount of C4 plants in the diet, either due to direct ingestion as plant food, or by its use as animal feed. In contrast, the global spatial distribution of human δ(15)N values is apparently not exclusively related to the amount of fish or meat ingested, but also to environmental factors that influence agricultural production. CONCLUSIONS There are still a large proportion of countries, especially in Africa, where there are no available data for human carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios. Although the interpretation of modern human carbon isotope ratios at the global scale is quite possible, and correlates with the latitude, the potential influences of extrinsic and/or intrinsic factors on human nitrogen isotope ratios have to be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Hülsemann
- Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Köln, Germany
| | - Christine Lehn
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Nußbaumstr. 26, 80336, München, Germany
| | - Sabine Schneider
- Forensic Science Institute, Federal Criminal Police Office, Unit Central Analytics II, Thaerstraße 11, 65193, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Glen Jackson
- Forensic and Investigative Science, C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, 308 Oglebay Hall, Morgantown, WV, 26506-6121, USA
| | - Sarah Hill
- LGC, Queens Road, Teddington, TW11 0LY, UK
| | - Andreas Rossmann
- isolab GmbH, Laboratorium für Stabile Isotope, Woelkestrasse 9/I, 85301, Schweitenkirchen, Germany
| | - Nicole Scheid
- Forensic Science Institute, Federal Criminal Police Office, Unit Central Analytics II, Thaerstraße 11, 65193, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Flenker
- Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Köln, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Schänzer
- Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Köln, Germany
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Park JK, Ahn SV, Kim MK, Lee KS, Koh SB, Bong YS. The association between carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of human hair and metabolic syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 450:72-7. [PMID: 26238186 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that stable isotope ratios can be used as biomarkers for animal protein intake. Meat consumption and high protein intake could be risk factors for metabolic disorders. We investigated whether the stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen are associated with metabolic syndrome. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 399 subjects (233 men and 166 women). Hair samples from 399 subjects were measured for stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ(13)C) and nitrogen (δ(15)N). RESULTS The δ(15)N values progressively increased with the number of components of the metabolic syndrome present in study subjects (P for trend 0.047). In multivariable models, δ(15)N values were positively associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome (odds ratio, 1.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-2.14), whereas δ(13)C values were not (odds ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.72-1.30). The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for metabolic syndrome comparing the highest to the lowest quartiles of δ(15)N values was 2.64 (1.17-5.92). CONCLUSIONS The nitrogen, but not carbon, stable isotopic ratio of hair is independently associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome. The hair δ(15)N value might be a surrogate marker for clustering of risk factors in metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Ku Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, South Korea; Institute of Genomic Cohort, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, South Korea
| | - Song Vogue Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, South Korea; Institute of Genomic Cohort, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, South Korea.
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Lee
- Division of Earth and Environmental Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang 363-883, South Korea
| | - Sang-Baek Koh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, South Korea; Institute of Genomic Cohort, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Sik Bong
- Division of Earth and Environmental Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang 363-883, South Korea
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Abstract
Diet is a leading modifiable risk factor for chronic disease, but it remains difficult to measure accurately due to the error and bias inherent in self-reported methods of diet assessment. Consequently, there is a pressing need for more objective biomarkers of diet for use in health research. The stable isotope ratios of light elements are a promising set of candidate biomarkers because they vary naturally and reproducibly among foods, and those variations are captured in molecules and tissues with high fidelity. Recent studies have identified valid isotopic measures of short- and long-term sugar intake, meat intake, and fish intake in specific populations. These studies provide a strong foundation for validating stable isotopic biomarkers in the general US population. Approaches to improve specificity for specific foods are needed; for example, by modeling intake using multiple stable isotope ratios or by isolating and measuring specific molecules linked to foods of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M O'Brien
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology and Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-7000;
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Lehn C, Lihl C, Roßmann A. Change of geographical location from Germany (Bavaria) to USA (Arizona) and its effect on H-C-N-S stable isotopes in human hair. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2015; 51:68-79. [PMID: 25563932 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2014.995645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To receive information about the duration of a person's stay abroad related to those questions in forensics, stable isotopes of H-C-N-S were analysed in beard hair samples from four young soldiers, who went from Fürstenfeldbruck (Bavaria, Germany) to Phoenix (Arizona, USA) on the same date for their pilot training over a time period of 3 months. All study subjects were almost of the same age, had similar physical constitutions and stayed at the same military bases for the whole study period. However, the results showed considerable individual variabilities. In Arizona, hair δ(13)C increased by 2.3‰ (±0.6) and δ(34)S decreased by 1.8‰ (±1.2). No remarkable shifts of hair δ(15)N and δ(2)H were observed. Significant shifts of δ(13)C or δ(34)S in the shaved beard hair samples occurred 8 or 9 days after arrival in Arizona, respectively. The time lag to receive the isotope signals in hair due to US diet correspond to the growth period that hair needs to cover the distance of 2-3 mm from its root to the surface of the skin. This implies that isotopic changes due to the consumption of food and drinks were incorporated almost immediately into the hair protein. Consequently, if connected with an isotopic change of the diet, short-term stays for only a few days might be clearly recognizable within the first millimetres of a scalp hair strand which includes the hair roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lehn
- a Department of Forensic Medicine , Ludwig-Maximilians University , Munich , Germany
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Jackson GP, An Y, Konstantynova KI, Rashaid AH. Biometrics from the carbon isotope ratio analysis of amino acids in human hair. Sci Justice 2015; 55:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Provenancing of unidentified corpses by stable isotope techniques – presentation of case studies. Sci Justice 2015; 55:72-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Georgiou CA, Danezis GP. Elemental and Isotopic Mass Spectrometry. ADVANCED MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR FOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63340-8.00003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Gragnani JG, Garavello MEPE, Silva RJ, Nardoto GB, Martinelli LA. Can stable isotope analysis reveal dietary differences among groups with distinct income levels in the city of Piracicaba (southeast region, Brazil)? J Hum Nutr Diet 2013; 27:270-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. G. Gragnani
- CENA; Universidade de São Paulo; Campus de Piraciaba; Piracicaba SP Brazil
| | | | - R. J. Silva
- ESALQ; Universidade de São Paulo; Campus de Piracicaba; Piracicaba SP Brazil
| | - G. B. Nardoto
- Universidade de Brasília; Campus de Planaltina; Brasília DF Brazil
| | - L. A. Martinelli
- CENA; Universidade de São Paulo; Campus de Piraciaba; Piracicaba SP Brazil
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Romek KM, Julien M, Frasquet-Darrieux M, Tea I, Antheaume I, Hankard R, Robins RJ. Human baby hair amino acid natural abundance 15N-isotope values are not related to the 15N-isotope values of amino acids in mother’s breast milk protein. Amino Acids 2013; 45:1365-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Huelsemann F, Koehler K, Braun H, Schaenzer W, Flenker U. Human dietary δ15N intake: Representative data for principle food items. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013; 152:58-66. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - W. Schaenzer
- Institute of Biochemistry; German Sport University Cologne; Germany
| | - U. Flenker
- Institute of Biochemistry; German Sport University Cologne; Germany
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An Y, Schwartz Z, Jackson GP. δ13C analysis of amino acids in human hair using trimethylsilyl derivatives and gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:1481-1489. [PMID: 23722682 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE To provide a simple one-step derivatization procedure for the analysis of a wide variety of amino acids in human hair by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS). N,O-Bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) derivatization is already widely used outside the IRMS community, is applicable to a variety of functional groups, and provides products that are common entries in mass spectral databases, thus simplifying compound identification. METHODS Method optimization and validation were performed on a mixture of ten standard amino acids found abundantly in human hair. The method was then applied to the analysis of scalp hair from six human subjects. The hair was washed, hydrolyzed with 6 M HCl, derivatized using BSTFA in acetonitrile and analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) with concurrent quadrupole and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) detectors. RESULTS The reproducibility for the δ(13)C measurements, including the derivatization procedure and GC/C/IRMS analysis, on a day-to-day comparison was between 0.19‰ and 0.35‰ (SD, N = 12), with an average standard deviation of 0.26‰. Because trimethylsilylation adds 3N carbon atoms (where N = # reactive protons) to each amino acid, the δ(13)C values for amino acid derivatives were corrected using a mass balance correction and the measured kinetic isotope effect (KIE). The KIE values ranged from 0.984 to 1.020. CONCLUSIONS The procedure gave consistent δ(13)C values with precision similar to other derivatization methods for the range of sample sizes studied: 50-1000 µg of each amino acid. The method gave δ(13)C values consistent with the known literature values when applied to the analysis of amino acids in human hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan An
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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Tea I, Le Guennec A, Frasquet-Darrieux M, Julien M, Romek K, Antheaume I, Hankard R, Robins RJ. Simultaneous determination of natural-abundance δ15N values and quantities of individual amino acids in proteins from milk of lactating women and from infant hair using gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:1345-1353. [PMID: 23681812 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE In isotope tracer experiments used in nutritional studies, it is frequently desirable both to determine the (15)N/(14)N ratios of target compounds and to quantify these compounds. This report shows how this can be achieved in a single chromatographic run for protein amino acids using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. METHODS Protein hydrolysis by acidic digestion was used to release amino acids, which were then derivatized as their N-pivaloyl-O-isopropyl esters. Suitable conditions for sample preparation were established for both hair and milk proteins. The N-pivaloyl-O-isopropyl esters of amino acids were separated by gas chromatography (GC) on a 60 m ZB-WAX column linked via a combustion interface to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The (15)N/(14)N ratios were obtained from the m/z 28, 29 and 30 peak intensities and the quantities from the Area All (Vs) integrated peak areas. RESULTS It is shown from a five-point calibration curve that both parameters can be measured reliably within the range of 1.0 to 2.0 mg/mL for the major amino acids derived from the hydrolysis of human maternal milk or hair samples. The method was validated in terms of inter-day and inter-user repeatability for both parameters for 14 amino acids. The amino acid percentage composition showed a good correlation with literature values. The method was applied to determine the variability in a population of lactating mothers and their infants. CONCLUSIONS It has been established that δ(15)N values can be simultaneously determined for a complex mixture of amino acids at variable concentrations. It is shown that the percentage composition obtained correlates well with that obtained by calculation from the protein composition or from literature values. This procedure should provide a significant saving in analysis time, especially in those cases where the GC run-time is necessarily long. It allows the satisfactory determination of the variation within a sample population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illa Tea
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, LUNAM Université, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France.
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Hedrick VE, Dietrich AM, Estabrooks PA, Savla J, Serrano E, Davy BM. Dietary biomarkers: advances, limitations and future directions. Nutr J 2012; 11:109. [PMID: 23237668 PMCID: PMC3568000 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The subjective nature of self-reported dietary intake assessment methods presents numerous challenges to obtaining accurate dietary intake and nutritional status. This limitation can be overcome by the use of dietary biomarkers, which are able to objectively assess dietary consumption (or exposure) without the bias of self-reported dietary intake errors. The need for dietary biomarkers was addressed by the Institute of Medicine, who recognized the lack of nutritional biomarkers as a knowledge gap requiring future research. The purpose of this article is to review existing literature on currently available dietary biomarkers, including novel biomarkers of specific foods and dietary components, and assess the validity, reliability and sensitivity of the markers. This review revealed several biomarkers in need of additional validation research; research is also needed to produce sensitive, specific, cost-effective and noninvasive dietary biomarkers. The emerging field of metabolomics may help to advance the development of food/nutrient biomarkers, yet advances in food metabolome databases are needed. The availability of biomarkers that estimate intake of specific foods and dietary components could greatly enhance nutritional research targeting compliance to national recommendations as well as direct associations with disease outcomes. More research is necessary to refine existing biomarkers by accounting for confounding factors, to establish new indicators of specific food intake, and to develop techniques that are cost-effective, noninvasive, rapid and accurate measures of nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valisa E Hedrick
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, 221 Wallace Hall (0430), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
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Beaumont J, Geber J, Powers N, Wilson A, Lee-Thorp J, Montgomery J. Victims and survivors: Stable isotopes used to identify migrants from the Great Irish Famine to 19th century London. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2012; 150:87-98. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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O'Connell TC, Kneale CJ, Tasevska N, Kuhnle GGC. The diet-body offset in human nitrogen isotopic values: a controlled dietary study. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2012; 149:426-34. [PMID: 23042579 PMCID: PMC3483624 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The "trophic level enrichment" between diet and body results in an overall increase in nitrogen isotopic values as the food chain is ascended. Quantifying the diet-body Δ(15) N spacing has proved difficult, particularly for humans. The value is usually assumed to be +3-5‰ in the archaeological literature. We report here the first (to our knowledge) data from humans on isotopically known diets, comparing dietary intake and a body tissue sample, that of red blood cells. Samples were taken from 11 subjects on controlled diets for a 30-day period, where the controlled diets were designed to match each individual's habitual diet, thus reducing problems with short-term changes in diet causing isotopic changes in the body pool. The Δ(15) N(diet-RBC) was measured as +3.5‰. Using measured offsets from other studies, we estimate the human Δ(15) N(diet-keratin) as +5.0-5.3‰, which is in good agreement with values derived from the two other studies using individual diet records. We also estimate a value for Δ(15) N(diet-collagen) of ≈6‰, again in combination with measured offsets from other studies. This value is larger than usually assumed in palaeodietary studies, which suggests that the proportion of animal protein in prehistoric human diet may have often been overestimated in isotopic studies of palaeodiet.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C O'Connell
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, UK.
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Petzke KJ, Metges CC. Practical recommendations for the reduction of memory effects in compound-specific 15N/14N-ratio analysis of enriched amino acids by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:195-204. [PMID: 22173808 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) is a highly sensitive approach which allows the analysis of the (13)C/(12)C and (15)N/(14)N isotope composition of amino acids in the range of natural abundance or in slightly (13)C- and (15)N-enriched samples. However, the accuracy of measurements remains a permanent challenge. Here we show the effect of the presence of slightly (15)N-enriched compounds in physiological samples on the accuracy and reproducibility of (15)N-abundances of amino acids within or between analytical runs. We spiked several individual amino acids with the respective (15)N-labelled isotopomer and measured the (15)N/(14)N ratios of other amino acids in the same sample or in the following analytical runs. Intra- and inter-run memory effects can be observed in (15)N/(14)N ratios of amino acids. Sample throughput is reduced when cleaning runs using standard mixtures are required to restore initial conditions after runs of samples with (15)N-enriched analytes. Possible reasons for the observed phenomenon and its implications for work in the lower (15)N-enrichment range (<0.5 APE) are discussed and include different aspects of gas chromatography, derivatisation, and hot catalytic metal surface effects. Results need to be interpreted with caution if complex physiological samples contain (15)N-enriched amino acids beyond 500‰ δ(15)N (~0.18 APE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus J Petzke
- German Institute of Human Nutrition in Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
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Davy BM, Jahren AH, Hedrick VE, Comber DL. Association of δ¹³C in fingerstick blood with added-sugar and sugar-sweetened beverage intake. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 111:874-8. [PMID: 21616200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2011.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A reliance on self-reported dietary intake measures is a common research limitation, thus the need for dietary biomarkers. Added-sugar intake may play a role in the development and progression of obesity and related comorbidities; common sweeteners include corn and sugar cane derivatives. These plants contain a high amount of ¹³C, a naturally occurring stable carbon isotope. Consumption of these sweeteners, of which sugar-sweetened beverages are the primary dietary source, might be reflected in the δ¹³C value of blood. Fingerstick blood represents an ideal substrate for bioassay because of its ease of acquisition. The objective of this investigation was to determine if the δ¹³C value of fingerstick blood is a potential biomarker of added-sugar and sugar-sweetened beverage intake. Individuals aged 21 years and older (n = 60) were recruited to attend three laboratory visits; assessments completed at each visit depended upon a randomly assigned sequence (sequence one or two). The initial visit included assessment of height, weight, and dietary intake (sequence one: beverage intake questionnaire, sequence two: 4-day food intake record). Sequence one participants completed a food intake record at visit two, and nonfasting blood samples were obtained via routine fingersticks at visits one and three. Sequence two participants completed a beverage intake questionnaire at visit two, and provided fingerstick blood samples at visits two and three. Samples were analyzed for δ¹³C value using natural abundance stable isotope mass spectrometry. δ¹³C value was compared to dietary outcomes in all participants, as well as among those in the highest and lowest tertile of added-sugar intake. Reported mean added-sugar consumption was 66 ± 5 g/day, and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption was 330 ± 53 g/day and 134 ± 25 kcal/day. Mean fingerstick δ¹³C value was -19.94‰ ± 0.10‰, which differed by body mass index status. δ¹³C value was associated (all P < 0.05) with intake of total added sugars (g, r = 0.37; kcal, r = 0.37), soft drinks (g, r = 0.26; kcal, r = 0.27), and total sugar-sweetened beverage (g, r = 0.28; kcal, r = 0.35). The δ¹³C value in the lowest and the highest added-sugar intake tertiles were significantly different (mean difference = -0.48‰; P = 0.028). Although there are several potential dietary sources for blood carbon, the δ¹³C value of fingerstick blood shows promise as a noninvasive biomarker of added-sugar and sugar-sweetened beverage intake based on these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda M Davy
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va, USA.
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Yeung EH, Saudek CD, Jahren AH, Kao WHL, Islas M, Kraft R, Coresh J, Anderson CAM. Evaluation of a novel isotope biomarker for dietary consumption of sweets. Am J Epidemiol 2010; 172:1045-52. [PMID: 20817784 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwq247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon isotopic signatures ("δ¹³C") might reflect consumption of corn- and cane-based sweeteners. The authors hypothesized that the δ¹³C value of human serum is higher for individuals with high versus low intakes of corn- and cane-based sweeteners (measured as sweetened beverage intake). They conducted a cross-sectional study within the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Magnetic Resonance Imaging study (Maryland, 2005-2006). Diet was assessed by food frequency questionnaire, and blinded serum samples were assayed by natural abundance stable isotope mass spectroscopy. Studied were 186 participants (53% male; mean age, 71 years; mean body mass index, 30 kg/m²). Serum δ¹³C values for individuals with high sweetened beverage intakes were significantly higher than for those with low intakes (-19.15‰ vs. -19.47‰, P < 0.001). Serum δ¹³C value increased 0.20‰ for every serving/day of sweetened beverages (P < 0.01). The association between sweetened beverages and serum δ¹³C value remained significant after adjustment for confounding by corn-based product intake (P < 0.001). Serum δ¹³C values were also associated with waist circumference, body mass index, and waist-to-hip ratio. This study provides the first known evidence that the δ¹³C value of human serum differs between persons consuming low and high amounts of sweets. Within the proper framework, serum δ¹³C value could be developed into an objective biomarker promoting more reliable assessment of dietary sweets intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwina H Yeung
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Petzke KJ, Fuller BT, Metges CC. Advances in natural stable isotope ratio analysis of human hair to determine nutritional and metabolic status. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2010; 13:532-40. [PMID: 20625284 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0b013e32833c3c84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review the literature on the use of stable isotope ratios at natural abundance to reveal information about dietary habits and specific nutrient intakes in human hair protein (keratin) and amino acids. In particular, we examine whether hair isotopic compositions can be used as unbiased biomarkers to provide information about nutritional status, metabolism, and diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Although the majority of research on the stable isotope ratio analysis of hair has focused on bulk protein, methods have been recently employed to examine amino acid-specific isotope ratios using gas chromatography or liquid chromatography coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The isotopic measurement of amino acids has the potential to answer research questions on amino acid nutrition, metabolism, and disease processes and can contribute to a better understanding of the variations in bulk protein isotope ratio values. First results suggest that stable isotope ratios are promising as unbiased nutritional biomarkers in epidemiological research. However, variations in stable isotope ratios of human hair are also influenced by nutrition-dependent nitrogen balance, and more controlled clinical research is needed to examine these effects in human hair. SUMMARY Stable isotope ratio analysis at natural abundance in human hair protein offers a noninvasive method to reveal information about long-term nutritional exposure to specific nutrients, nutritional habits, and in the diagnostics of diseases leading to nutritional stress and impaired nitrogen balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus J Petzke
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany.
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