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Zlibut E, May JC, Wei Y, Gessmann D, Wood CS, Bernat BA, Pugh TE, Palmer-Jones L, Cosquer RP, Dybeck E, McLean JA. Noncovalent Host-Guest Complexes of Artemisinin with α-, β-, and γ- Cyclodextrin Examined by Structural Mass Spectrometry Strategies. Anal Chem 2023; 95:8180-8188. [PMID: 37184072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are a family of macrocyclic oligosaccharides with amphiphilic properties, which can improve the stability, solubility, and bioavailability of therapeutic compounds. There has been growing interest in the advancement of efficient and reliable analytical methods that assist with elucidating CD host-guest drug complexation. In this study, we investigate the noncovalent ion complexes formed between naturally occurring dextrins (αCD, βCD, γCD, and maltohexaose) with the poorly water-soluble antimalarial drug, artemisinin, using a combination of ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS), tandem MS/MS, and theoretical modeling approaches. This study aims to determine if the drug can complex within the core dextrin cavity forming an inclusion complex or nonspecifically bind to the periphery of the dextrins. We explore the use of group I alkali earth metal additives to promote the formation of various noncovalent gas-phase ion complexes with different drug/dextrin stoichiometries (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, and 2:1). Broad IM-MS collision cross section (CCS) mapping (n > 300) and power-law regression analysis were used to confirm the stoichiometric assignments. The 1:1 drug:αCD and drug:βCD complexes exhibited strong preferences for Li+ and Na+ charge carriers, whereas drug:γCD complexes preferred forming adducts with the larger alkali metals, K+, Rb+, and Cs+. Although the ion-measured CCS increased with cation size for the unbound artemisinin and CDs, the 1:1 drug:dextrin complexes exhibit near-identical CCS values regardless of the cation, suggesting these are inclusion complexes. Tandem MS/MS survival yield curves of the [artemisinin:βCD + X]+ ion (X = H, Li, Na, K) showed a decreased stability of the ion complex with increasing cation size. Empirical CCS measurements of the [artemisinin:βCD + Li]+ ion correlated with predicted CCS values from the low-energy theoretical structures of the drug incorporated within the βCD cavity, providing further evidence that gas-phase inclusion complexes are formed in these experiments. Taken together, this work demonstrates the utility of combining analytical information from IM-MS, MS/MS, and computational approaches in interpreting the presence of gas-phase inclusion phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Zlibut
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822, United States
| | - Jody C May
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822, United States
| | - Yansheng Wei
- Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Pfizer, Inc., Lake Forest, Illinois 60045, United States
| | - Dennis Gessmann
- Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Pfizer, Inc., Lake Forest, Illinois 60045, United States
| | - Constance S Wood
- Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Pfizer, Inc., Lake Forest, Illinois 60045, United States
| | - Bryan A Bernat
- Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Pfizer, Inc., Lake Forest, Illinois 60045, United States
| | - Teresa E Pugh
- Pfizer, R&D UK Ltd, PSSM ARD, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | | | | | - Eric Dybeck
- Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John A McLean
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822, United States
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May JC, Tomlinson ID, Soni S, McLean JA, Hercules DM. A method for the preparation and characterization of single molecular weight urethane oligomers: A preliminary ion mobility and mass spectrometry study. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Tomlinson ID, May JC, Harris RA, Buck KM, Rosenthal SJ, McLean JA, Hercules DM. Preparation and characterization of discrete mass polyether-based polyurethane oligomers. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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The application of ion mobility time of flight mass spectrometry to elucidate neo-formed compounds derived from polyurethane adhesives used in champagne cork stoppers. Talanta 2021; 234:122632. [PMID: 34364441 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Polyurethane adhesives are used to bond agglomerated cork and natural disk cork to produce cork stoppers that are used in champagne bottles. These adhesives are manufactured by reacting polyols with an excess of diisocyanates. Isocyanates are highly reactive compounds that have a propensity to form non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) in the end product. In this work, ion mobility-time of flight-mass spectrometry was used to elucidate such NIAS, through the comparison of accurate mass spectra with the fragmentation patterns of proposed candidates. Twelve neo-formed compounds, including amines, amides and urethanes, resulting from the reaction of isocyanates with acetic acid and ethanol used as food simulants, were identified. Additionally, markers from champagne vs. champagne after its exposure to the adhesive were investigated using the supervised multivariate analysis method of Orthogonal Projection to Latent Structures - Discriminant Analysis. Four neo-formed compounds, resulting from the reaction of diisocyanates with malic acid or tartaric acid contained in the champagne, were identified for the first time in this work. All of the compounds identified were subsequently quantified using ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Limits of detection were below 5 μg/kg in the food simulants and below 30 μg/kg in champagne samples. Migration levels ranged from 70 to 721 μg/kg, with most of them exceeding the specific migration limit established for Cramer class III compound (90 μg/kg).
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