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Shan Y, Zhang M, Tao E, Wang J, Wei N, Lu Y, Liu Q, Hao K, Zhou F, Wang G. Pharmacokinetic characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells in translational challenges. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:242. [PMID: 39271680 PMCID: PMC11399464 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01936-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) therapy has made substantial strides, transitioning from experimental clinical applications to commercial products. MSC therapies hold considerable promise for treating refractory and critical conditions such as acute graft-versus-host disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Despite recent successes in clinical and commercial applications, MSC therapy still faces challenges when used as a commercial product. Current detection methods have limitations, leaving the dynamic biodistribution, persistence in injured tissues, and ultimate fate of MSCs in patients unclear. Clarifying the relationship between the pharmacokinetic characteristics of MSCs and their therapeutic effects is crucial for patient stratification and the formulation of precise therapeutic regimens. Moreover, the development of advanced imaging and tracking technologies is essential to address these clinical challenges. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the kinetic properties, key regulatory molecules, different fates, and detection methods relevant to MSCs and discusses concerns in evaluating MSC druggability from the perspective of integrating pharmacokinetics and efficacy. A better understanding of these challenges could improve MSC clinical efficacy and speed up the introduction of MSC therapy products to the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Shan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Mengying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Enxiang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Renocell Biotech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Wei
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Renocell Biotech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Jiangsu Renocell Biotech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Hao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Fang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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Cui X, Guo J, Yuan P, Dai Y, Du P, Yu F, Sun Z, Zhang J, Cheng K, Tang J. Bioderived Nanoparticles for Cardiac Repair. ACS NANO 2024; 18:24622-24649. [PMID: 39185722 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Biobased therapy represents a promising strategy for myocardial repair. However, the limitations of using live cells, including the risk of immunogenicity of allogeneic cells and inconsistent therapeutic efficacy of autologous cells together with low stability, result in an unsatisfactory clinical outcomes. Therefore, cell-free strategies for cardiac tissue repair have been proposed as alternative strategies. Cell-free strategies, primarily based on the paracrine effects of cellular therapy, have demonstrated their potential to inhibit apoptosis, reduce inflammation, and promote on-site cell migration and proliferation, as well as angiogenesis, after an infarction and have been explored preclinically and clinically. Among various cell-free modalities, bioderived nanoparticles, including adeno-associated virus (AAV), extracellular vesicles, cell membrane-coated nanoparticles, and exosome-mimetic nanovesicles, have emerged as promising strategies due to their improved biological function and therapeutic effect. The main focus of this review is the development of existing cellular nanoparticles and their fundamental working mechanisms, as well as the challenges and opportunities. The key processes and requirements for cardiac tissue repair are summarized first. Various cellular nanoparticle modalities are further highlighted, together with their advantages and limitations. Finally, we discuss various delivery approaches that offer potential pathways for researchers and clinicians to translate cell-free strategies for cardiac tissue repair into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Cui
- Cardiac and Osteochondral Tissue Engineering (COTE) Group, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Jiacheng Guo
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Peiyu Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yichen Dai
- Cardiac and Osteochondral Tissue Engineering (COTE) Group, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Pengchong Du
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Fengyi Yu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zhaowei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Junnan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
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van Mourik M, Tiemeijer BM, van Zon M, Abinzano F, Tel J, Foolen J, Ito K. Cartilage-derived cells display heterogeneous pericellular matrix synthesis in agarose microgels. Matrix Biol Plus 2024; 23:100157. [PMID: 39139760 PMCID: PMC11321428 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2024.100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The pericellular matrix (PCM) surrounding chondrocytes is essential for articular cartilage tissue engineering. As the current isolation methods to obtain chondrocytes with their PCM (chondrons) result in a heterogeneous mixture of chondrocytes and chondrons, regenerating the PCM using a tissue engineering approach could prove beneficial. In this study, we aimed to discern the behavior of articular chondrocytes (ACs) in regenerating the PCM in such an approach and whether this would also be true for articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells (ACPCs), as an alternative cell source. Bovine ACs and ACPCs were encapsulated in agarose microgels using droplet-based microfluidics. ACs were stimulated with TGF-β1 and dexamethasone and ACPCs were sequentially stimulated with BMP-9 followed by TGF-β1 and dexamethasone. After 0, 3, 5, and 10 days of culture, PCM components, type-VI collagen and perlecan, and ECM component, type-II collagen, were assessed using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Both ACs and ACPCs synthesized the PCM before the ECM. It was seen for the first time that synthesis of type-VI collagen always preceded perlecan. While the PCM synthesized by ACs resembled native chondrons after only 5 days of culture, ACPCs often made less well-structured PCMs. Both cell types showed variations between individual cells and donors. On one hand, this was more prominent in ACPCs, but also a subset of ACPCs showed superior PCM and ECM regeneration, suggesting that isolating these cells may potentially improve cartilage repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes van Mourik
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Gem-Z 1.106, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Bart M. Tiemeijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten van Zon
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Gem-Z 1.106, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Florencia Abinzano
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Gem-Z 1.106, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jurjen Tel
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper Foolen
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Gem-Z 1.106, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Keita Ito
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Gem-Z 1.106, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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Wang X, He W, Huang H, Han J, Wang R, Li H, Long Y, Wang G, Han X. Recent Advances in Hydrogel Technology in Delivering Mesenchymal Stem Cell for Osteoarthritis Therapy. Biomolecules 2024; 14:858. [PMID: 39062572 PMCID: PMC11274544 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic joint disease affecting over 500 million individuals globally, is characterized by the destruction of articular cartilage and joint inflammation. Conventional treatments are insufficient for repairing damaged joint tissue, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with their potential for differentiation and self-renewal, hold great promise as a treatment for OA. However, challenges such as MSC viability and apoptosis in the ischemic joint environment hinder their therapeutic effectiveness. Hydrogels with biocompatibility and degradability offer a three-dimensional scaffold that support cell viability and differentiation, making them ideal for MSC delivery in OA treatment. This review discusses the pathological features of OA, the properties of MSCs, the challenges associated with MSC therapy, and methods for hydrogel preparation and functionalization. Furthermore, it highlights the advantages of hydrogel-based MSC delivery systems while providing insights into future research directions and the clinical potential of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjiang Wang
- The Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital (Qingyuan People’s Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, China; (X.W.); (W.H.); (J.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wentao He
- The Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital (Qingyuan People’s Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, China; (X.W.); (W.H.); (J.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Collage of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
| | - Jiali Han
- The Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital (Qingyuan People’s Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, China; (X.W.); (W.H.); (J.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ruren Wang
- The Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital (Qingyuan People’s Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, China; (X.W.); (W.H.); (J.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hongyi Li
- The Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital (Qingyuan People’s Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, China; (X.W.); (W.H.); (J.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ying Long
- The Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital (Qingyuan People’s Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, China; (X.W.); (W.H.); (J.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Guiqing Wang
- The Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital (Qingyuan People’s Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, China; (X.W.); (W.H.); (J.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xianjing Han
- The Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital (Qingyuan People’s Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, China; (X.W.); (W.H.); (J.H.); (R.W.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
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Cequier A, Vázquez FJ, Vitoria A, Bernad E, Fuente S, Serrano MB, Zaragoza MP, Romero A, Rodellar C, Barrachina L. The systemic cellular immune response against allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells is influenced by inflammation, differentiation and MHC compatibility: in vivo study in the horse. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1391872. [PMID: 38957800 PMCID: PMC11217187 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1391872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness and safety of allogeneic mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) can be affected by patient's immune recognition. Thus, MSC immunogenicity and their immunomodulatory properties are crucial aspects for therapy. Immune responses after allogeneic MSC administration have been reported in different species, including equine. Interactions of allogenic MSCs with the recipient's immune system can be influenced by factors like matching or mismatching for the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) between donor-recipient, and by the levels of MHC expression in MSCs. The latter can vary upon MSC inflammatory exposure or differentiation, such as chondrogenic induction, making both priming and differentiation interesting therapeutic strategies. This study investigated the systemic in vivo immune cellular response against allogeneic equine MSCs in these situations. Either MSCs in basal conditions (MSC-naïve), pro-inflammatory primed (MSC-primed) or chondrogenically differentiated (MSC-chondro) were repeatedly administered subcutaneously into autologous, MHC-matched or MHC-mismatched allogeneic equine recipients. At different time-points after each administration, lymphocytes were obtained from recipient horses and exposed in vitro to the same type of MSCs to assess the proliferative response of different T cell subsets (cytotoxic, helper, regulatory), B cells, and interferon gamma (IFNγ) secretion. Higher proliferative response of helper and cytotoxic T lymphocytes and IFNγ secretion was observed in response to all types of MHC-mismatched MSCs over MHC-matched ones. MSC-primed produced the highest immune response, followed by MSC-naïve, and MSC-chondro. However, MSC-primed activated Treg and had a mild effect on B cells, and the response after their second administration was similar to the first one. On the other hand, both MSC-chondro and MSC-naïve barely induced Treg response but promoted B lymphocyte activation, and proportionally induced a higher cell response after the second administration. In conclusion, both the type of MSC conditioning and the MHC compatibility influenced systemic immune recognition of equine MSCs after single and repeated administrations, but the response was different. Selecting MHC-matched donors would be particularly recommended for MSC-primed and repeated MSC-naïve administrations. While MHC-mismatching in MSC-chondro would be less critical, B cell response should not be ignored. Comprehensively investigating the in vivo immune response against equine allogeneic MSCs is crucial for advancing veterinary cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Cequier
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory LAGENBIO, Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS), AgriFood Institute of Aragón (IA2), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Equine Surgery and Medicine Service, Veterinary Hospital, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisco José Vázquez
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory LAGENBIO, Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS), AgriFood Institute of Aragón (IA2), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Equine Surgery and Medicine Service, Veterinary Hospital, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Arantza Vitoria
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory LAGENBIO, Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS), AgriFood Institute of Aragón (IA2), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Equine Surgery and Medicine Service, Veterinary Hospital, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elvira Bernad
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory LAGENBIO, Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS), AgriFood Institute of Aragón (IA2), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sara Fuente
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory LAGENBIO, Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS), AgriFood Institute of Aragón (IA2), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Equine Surgery and Medicine Service, Veterinary Hospital, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Belén Serrano
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory LAGENBIO, Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS), AgriFood Institute of Aragón (IA2), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Pilar Zaragoza
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory LAGENBIO, Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS), AgriFood Institute of Aragón (IA2), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Romero
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory LAGENBIO, Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS), AgriFood Institute of Aragón (IA2), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Equine Surgery and Medicine Service, Veterinary Hospital, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Clementina Rodellar
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory LAGENBIO, Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS), AgriFood Institute of Aragón (IA2), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Barrachina
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory LAGENBIO, Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS), AgriFood Institute of Aragón (IA2), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Equine Surgery and Medicine Service, Veterinary Hospital, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Sadr S, Ahmadi Simab P, Niazi M, Yousefsani Z, Lotfalizadeh N, Hajjafari A, Borji H. Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cell therapy on parasitic drug resistance. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2024; 22:435-451. [PMID: 38804866 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2024.2360684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The emergence of antiparasitic drug resistance poses a concerning threat to animals and humans. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have been widely used to treat infections in humans, pets, and livestock. Although this is an emerging field of study, the current review outlines possible mechanisms and examines potential synergism in combination therapies and the possible harmful effects of such an approach. AREAS COVERED The present study delved into the latest pre-clinical research on utilizing MSCs to treat parasitic infections. As per investigations, the introduction of MSCs to patients grappling with parasitic diseases like schistosomiasis, malaria, cystic echinococcosis, toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis has shown a reduction in parasite prevalence. This intervention also alters the levels of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the combined administration of MSCs and antiparasitic drugs has demonstrated enhanced efficacy in combating parasites and modulating the immune response. EXPERT OPINION Mesenchymal stem cells are a potential solution for addressing parasitic drug resistance. This is mainly because of their remarkable immunomodulatory abilities, which can potentially help combat parasites' resistance to drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Sadr
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pouria Ahmadi Simab
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mahta Niazi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Yousefsani
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Narges Lotfalizadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ashkan Hajjafari
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Borji
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Mamachan M, Sharun K, Banu SA, Muthu S, Pawde AM, Abualigah L, Maiti SK. Mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage regeneration: Insights into molecular mechanism and therapeutic strategies. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102380. [PMID: 38615643 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in cartilage regeneration has gained significant attention in regenerative medicine. This paper reviews the molecular mechanisms underlying MSC-based cartilage regeneration and explores various therapeutic strategies to enhance the efficacy of MSCs in this context. MSCs exhibit multipotent capabilities and can differentiate into various cell lineages under specific microenvironmental cues. Chondrogenic differentiation, a complex process involving signaling pathways, transcription factors, and growth factors, plays a pivotal role in the successful regeneration of cartilage tissue. The chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs is tightly regulated by growth factors and signaling pathways such as TGF-β, BMP, Wnt/β-catenin, RhoA/ROCK, NOTCH, and IHH (Indian hedgehog). Understanding the intricate balance between these pathways is crucial for directing lineage-specific differentiation and preventing undesirable chondrocyte hypertrophy. Additionally, paracrine effects of MSCs, mediated by the secretion of bioactive factors, contribute significantly to immunomodulation, recruitment of endogenous stem cells, and maintenance of chondrocyte phenotype. Pre-treatment strategies utilized to potentiate MSCs, such as hypoxic conditions, low-intensity ultrasound, kartogenin treatment, and gene editing, are also discussed for their potential to enhance MSC survival, differentiation, and paracrine effects. In conclusion, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in MSC-based cartilage regeneration and outlines promising therapeutic strategies. The insights presented contribute to the ongoing efforts in optimizing MSC-based therapies for effective cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Mamachan
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - S Amitha Banu
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India; Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Kaur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhijit M Pawde
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Laith Abualigah
- Artificial Intelligence and Sensing Technologies (AIST) Research Center, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan; Computer Science Department, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq 25113, Jordan; MEU Research Unit, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos 13-5053, Lebanon; Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University Malaysia, Petaling Jaya 27500, Malaysia
| | - Swapan Kumar Maiti
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Homan K, Onodera T, Matsuoka M, Iwasaki N. Glycosphingolipids in Osteoarthritis and Cartilage-Regeneration Therapy: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects Based on a Narrative Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4890. [PMID: 38732111 PMCID: PMC11084896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs), a subtype of glycolipids containing sphingosine, are critical components of vertebrate plasma membranes, playing a pivotal role in cellular signaling and interactions. In human articular cartilage in osteoarthritis (OA), GSL expression is known notably to decrease. This review focuses on the roles of gangliosides, a specific type of GSL, in cartilage degeneration and regeneration, emphasizing their regulatory function in signal transduction. The expression of gangliosides, whether endogenous or augmented exogenously, is regulated at the enzymatic level, targeting specific glycosyltransferases. This regulation has significant implications for the composition of cell-surface gangliosides and their impact on signal transduction in chondrocytes and progenitor cells. Different levels of ganglioside expression can influence signaling pathways in various ways, potentially affecting cell properties, including malignancy. Moreover, gene manipulations against gangliosides have been shown to regulate cartilage metabolisms and chondrocyte differentiation in vivo and in vitro. This review highlights the potential of targeting gangliosides in the development of therapeutic strategies for osteoarthritis and cartilage injury and addresses promising directions for future research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomohiro Onodera
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; (K.H.); (M.M.); (N.I.)
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Orabi M, Ghosh G. Investigating the Interplay Between Matrix Compliance and Passaging History on Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Encapsulated Within Alginate-Gelatin Hybrid Hydrogels. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:2722-2734. [PMID: 37453976 PMCID: PMC10632279 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03313-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used widely in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine because of their ease of isolation and their pluripotency. The low survival and retention rate of MSCs at the target site upon implantation can be addressed via encapsulation within hydrogels capable of directing their fate. In this study, the interplay between matrix mechanics and the passage number of MSCs on their chondrogenic differentiation was assessed. Human bone marrow-derived MSCs between passages 4 and 6 were encapsulated within alginate-gelatin hybrid gels. The stiffness of the gels was varied by varying alginate concentrations while maintaining the concentration of gelatin and consequently, the cell adhesion sites, constant. The study revealed that within 4.8 kPa gels, GAG deposition was higher by P4 MSCs compared to P6 MSCs. However, an opposite trend was observed with collagen type 2 deposition. Further, we observed enhanced chondrogenic differentiation upon encapsulation of MSCs within 6.7 kPa hydrogel irrespective of passaging history. However, the effect of matrix compliance was more prominent in the case of higher passaged MSCs suggesting that matrix stiffness can help rescue the reduced differentiation capability of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Orabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Road, Dearborn, MI, 48128, USA
| | - Gargi Ghosh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Road, Dearborn, MI, 48128, USA.
- Amgen Bioprocessing Center, Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA.
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10
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Xu X, Xu L, Xia J, Wen C, Liang Y, Zhang Y. Harnessing knee joint resident mesenchymal stem cells in cartilage tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2023; 168:372-387. [PMID: 37481194 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a widespread clinical disease characterized by cartilage degeneration in middle-aged and elderly people. Currently, there is no effective treatment for OA apart from total joint replacement in advanced stages. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a type of adult stem cell with diverse differentiation capabilities and immunomodulatory potentials. MSCs are known to effectively regulate the cartilage microenvironment, promote cartilage regeneration, and alleviate OA symptoms. As a result, they are promising sources of cells for OA therapy. Recent studies have revealed the presence of resident MSCs in synovial fluid, synovial membrane, and articular cartilage, which can be collected as knee joint-derived MSCs (KJD-MSC). Several preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that KJD-MSCs have great potential for OA treatment, whether applied alone, in combination with biomaterials, or as exocrine MSCs. In this article, we will review the characteristics of MSCs in the joints, including their cytological characteristics, such as proliferation, cartilage differentiation, and immunomodulatory abilities, as well as the biological function of MSC exosomes. We will also discuss the use of tissue engineering in OA treatment and introduce the concept of a new generation of stem cell-based tissue engineering therapy, including the use of engineering, gene therapy, and gene editing techniques to create KJD-MSCs or KJD-MSC derivative exosomes with improved functionality and targeted delivery. These advances aim to maximize the efficiency of cartilage tissue engineering and provide new strategies to overcome the bottleneck of OA therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This research will provide new insights into the medicinal benefit of Joint resident Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), specifically on its cartilage tissue engineering ability. Through this review, the community will further realize promoting joint resident mesenchymal stem cells, especially cartilage progenitor/MSC-like progenitor cells (CPSC), as a preventive measure against osteoarthritis and cartilage injury. People and medical institutions may also consider cartilage derived MSC as an alternative approach against cartilage degeneration. Moreover, the discussion presented in this study will convey valuable information for future research that will explore the medicinal benefits of cartilage derived MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China; Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Limei Xu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Caining Wen
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China
| | - Yujie Liang
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China; Department of Chemistry, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yuanmin Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China.
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11
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Shi W, Wu J, Pi Y, Yan X, Hu X, Cheng J, Yu H, Shao Z. E7 Peptide Enables BMSC Adhesion and Promotes Chondrogenic Differentiation of BMSCs Via the LncRNA H19/miR675 Axis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:781. [PMID: 37508808 PMCID: PMC10376115 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies based on utilizing endogenous BMSCs have been developed for the regeneration of bone, cartilage, and ligaments. We previously found that E7 peptide (EPLQLKM) could enhance BMSC homing in bio-scaffolds and, therefore, promote cartilage regeneration. However, the profile and mechanisms of E7 peptide in cartilage regeneration remain elusive. In this study, we examined the effect of E7 peptide on the BMSC phenotype, including adhesion, viability and chondrogenic differentiation, and its underlying mechanism. The konjac glucomannan microsphere (KGM), a carrier material that is free of BMSC adhesion ability, was used as the solid base of E7 peptide to better explore the independent role of E7 peptide in BMSC behavior. The results showed that E7 peptide could support BMSC adhesion and viability in a comparable manner to RGD and promote superior chondrogenic differentiation to RGD. We examined differentially expressed genes of BMSCs induced by E7 compared to RGD. Subsequently, a real-time PCR validated the significantly upregulated expression of lncRNA H19, and the knockdown of lncRNA H19 or miR675, a downstream functional unit of H19, could significantly obscure the chondrogenic differentiation induced by E7. In conclusion, this study confirmed the independent role of E7 in the adhesion and viability of BMSCs and revealed the pro-chondrogenic effect of E7 on BMSCs via the H19/miR675 axis. These results could help establish new therapeutic strategies based on employing endogenous BMSCs for cartilage tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Shi
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiangyi Wu
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Yanbin Pi
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xingran Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huilei Yu
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhenxing Shao
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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12
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Zeng CW. Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Spinal Cord Injury: Current Progress and Future Prospects. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050653. [PMID: 37237467 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) represents a significant medical challenge, often resulting in permanent disability and severely impacting the quality of life for affected individuals. Traditional treatment options remain limited, underscoring the need for novel therapeutic approaches. In recent years, multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising candidate for SCI treatment due to their multifaceted regenerative capabilities. This comprehensive review synthesizes the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying MSC-mediated tissue repair in SCI. Key mechanisms discussed include neuroprotection through the secretion of growth factors and cytokines, promotion of neuronal regeneration via MSC differentiation into neural cell types, angiogenesis through the release of pro-angiogenic factors, immunomodulation by modulating immune cell activity, axonal regeneration driven by neurotrophic factors, and glial scar reduction via modulation of extracellular matrix components. Additionally, the review examines the various clinical applications of MSCs in SCI treatment, such as direct cell transplantation into the injured spinal cord, tissue engineering using biomaterial scaffolds that support MSC survival and integration, and innovative cell-based therapies like MSC-derived exosomes, which possess regenerative and neuroprotective properties. As the field progresses, it is crucial to address the challenges associated with MSC-based therapies, including determining optimal sources, intervention timing, and delivery methods, as well as developing standardized protocols for MSC isolation, expansion, and characterization. Overcoming these challenges will facilitate the translation of preclinical findings into clinical practice, providing new hope and improved treatment options for individuals living with the devastating consequences of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Zeng
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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13
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Aswathy J, Resmi R, Joseph J, Joseph R, John A, Abraham A. Calotropis gigantea incorporated alginate dialdehyde-gelatin hydrogels for cartilage tissue regeneration in Osteoarthritis. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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14
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Mayet A, Zablotski Y, Roth SP, Brehm W, Troillet A. Systematic review and meta-analysis of positive long-term effects after intra-articular administration of orthobiologic therapeutics in horses with naturally occurring osteoarthritis. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1125695. [PMID: 36908512 PMCID: PMC9997849 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1125695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine veterinarians face challenges in treating horses with osteoarthritic joint pain in routine veterinary practice. All common treatment options aim to reduce the clinical consequences of osteoarthritis (OA) characterized by persistent synovitis and progressive degradation of articular cartilage. A range of joint-associated cell types and extracellular matrices are involved in the not yet entirely understood chronic inflammatory process. Regeneration of articular tissues to re-establish joint hemostasis is the future perspective when fundamental healing of OA is the long-term goal. The use of intra-articular applied biologic therapeutics derived from blood or mesenchymal stroma cell (MSC) sources is nowadays a well-accepted treatment option. Although this group of therapeutics is not totally consistent due to the lack of clear definitions and compositions, they all share a potential regenerative effect on articular tissues as described in in vivo and in vitro studies. However, the current stage of science in regenerative medicine needs to be supported by clinical reports as in fact, in vitro studies as well as studies using induced OA models still represent a fragment of the complex pathomechanism of naturally occurring OA. This systemic review aims to determine the long-term effect of orthobiologic therapeutics in horses suffering naturally occurring OA. Thereby, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is conducted to describe the efficiency and safety of intra-articular applied orthobiologics in terms of lameness reduction in the long-term. Using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines, thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria for the systemic review. Four of those studies have further been evaluated by the meta-analysis comparing the long-term effect in lameness reduction. Each study was examined for risk of bias. For data evaluation, a random-effects model was used, describing the overall outcome in a forest plot. The I2 statistic was used to assess heterogeneity. Results indicate, that orthobiologic therapies represent an effective long-term and safe OA treatment option. Due to the inhomogeneity of included studies, no statements are provided addressing specific orthobiologic therapies, affected joints, OA stage and horse's intended use. Future clinical trials should follow standardized study designs to provide comparable data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mayet
- Department for Horses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yury Zablotski
- Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Pauline Roth
- Department for Horses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Walter Brehm
- Department for Horses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antonia Troillet
- Department for Horses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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15
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Ravanetti F, Saleri R, Martelli P, Andrani M, Ferrari L, Cavalli V, Conti V, Rossetti AP, De Angelis E, Borghetti P. Hypoxia and platelet lysate sustain differentiation of primary horse articular chondrocytes in xeno-free supplementation culture. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:687-697. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Karpenko D, Kapranov N, Bigildeev A. Nestin-GFP transgene labels immunoprivileged bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the model of ectopic foci formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:993056. [PMID: 36133916 PMCID: PMC9483855 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.993056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune privileges are demonstrated for different types of quiescent stem cells of adult mammalian organisms. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are believed to have immune privileges; however, an accurate experimental confirmation hasn’t been presented. Here, we provide direct experimental evidence that MSCs of C57Black/6J murine bone marrow (BM) are immune privileged in vivo and retain their functionality after prolonged exposure to the uncompromised immune system. The BM of Nes-Gfp transgenic mice was implanted as a tissue fragment under the kidney capsule in isogenic C57Black/6J immunocompetent recipients. Nestin-Gfp strain provides a fluorescent immunogenic marker for a small fraction of BM cells, including GFP+CD45– MSCs. Despite the exposure of xenogenically marked MSCs to the fully-functional immune system, primary ectopic foci of hematopoiesis formed. Six weeks after implantation, multicolor fluorescence cytometry revealed both GFP+CD45– and GFP+CD45+ cells within the foci. GFP+CD45– cells proportion was 2.0 × 10–5 ×÷9 and it didn’t differ significantly from syngenic Nes-GFP transplantation control. According to current knowledge, the immune system of the recipients should eliminate GFP+ cells, including GFP+ MSCs. These results show that MSCs evade immunity. Primary foci were retransplanted into secondary Nes-GFP recipients. The secondary foci formed, in which CD45–GFP+ cells proportion was 6.7 × 10–5 ×÷2.2, and it didn’t differ from intact Nes-GFP BM. The results demonstrate that MSCs preserve self-renewal and retain their functionality after prolonged immune exposure. The success of this study relied on the implantation of BM fragments without prior dissociation of cells and the fact that the vast majority of implanted cells were immunologically equivalent to the recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Karpenko
- Laboratory of Physiology of Hematopoiesis, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Aleksei Bigildeev, ; Karpenko Dmitriy,
| | - Nikolay Kapranov
- Immunophenotyping Department, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksei Bigildeev
- Laboratory of Physiology of Hematopoiesis, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Aleksei Bigildeev, ; Karpenko Dmitriy,
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17
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Zheng J, Xie Y, Yoshitomi T, Kawazoe N, Yang Y, Chen G. Stepwise Proliferation and Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Collagen Sponges under Different Microenvironments. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126406. [PMID: 35742851 PMCID: PMC9223568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic microenvironments are important for controlling stem cell functions. In this study, different microenvironmental conditions were investigated for the stepwise control of proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The hMSCs were first cultured in collagen porous sponges and then embedded with or without collagen hydrogels for continual culture under different culture conditions. The different influences of collagen sponges, collagen hydrogels, and induction factors were investigated. The collagen sponges were beneficial for cell proliferation. The collagen sponges also promoted chondrogenic differentiation during culture in chondrogenic medium, which was superior to the effect of collagen sponges embedded with hydrogels without loading of induction factors. However, collagen sponges embedded with collagen hydrogels and loaded with induction factors had the same level of promotive effect on chondrogenic differentiation as collagen sponges during in vitro culture in chondrogenic medium and showed the highest promotive effect during in vivo subcutaneous implantation. The combination of collagen sponges with collagen hydrogels and induction factors could provide a platform for cell proliferation at an early stage and subsequent chondrogenic differentiation at a late stage. The results provide useful information for the chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells and cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zheng
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan; (J.Z.); (Y.X.); (T.Y.); (N.K.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yan Xie
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan; (J.Z.); (Y.X.); (T.Y.); (N.K.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Toru Yoshitomi
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan; (J.Z.); (Y.X.); (T.Y.); (N.K.)
| | - Naoki Kawazoe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan; (J.Z.); (Y.X.); (T.Y.); (N.K.)
| | - Yingnan Yang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan;
| | - Guoping Chen
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan; (J.Z.); (Y.X.); (T.Y.); (N.K.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-29-860-4496
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18
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Guo X, Schaudinn C, Blume-Peytavi U, Vogt A, Rancan F. Effects of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Their Conditioned Medium in a Human Ex Vivo Wound Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071198. [PMID: 35406762 PMCID: PMC8998073 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells have been extensively investigated for tissue repair therapies. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) were shown to improve wound healing by promoting re-epithelialization and vascularization as well as modulating the inflammatory immune response. In this study, we used ex vivo human skin cultured in a six-well plate with trans-well inserts as a model for superficial wounds. Standardized wounds were created and treated with allogeneic ASCs, ASCs conditioned medium (ASC-CM), or cell culture medium (DMEM) supplemented with fetal calf serum (FCS). Skin viability (XTT test), histology (hematoxylin and eosin, H and E), β-catenin expression as well as inflammatory mediators and growth factors were monitored over 12 days of skin culture. We observed only a moderate time-dependent decrease in skin metabolic activity while skin morphology was preserved, and re-epithelialization occurred at the wound edges. An increase in β-catenin expression was observed in the newly formed epithelia, especially in the samples treated with ASC-CM. In general, increased growth factors and inflammatory mediators, e.g., hepatocytes growth factor (HGF), platelet-derived growth factor subunit AA (PDGF-AA), IL-1α, IL-7, TNF-α, and IL-10, were observed over the incubation time. Interestingly, different expression profiles were observed for the different treatments. Samples treated with ASC-CM significantly increased the levels of inflammatory cytokines and PDGF-AA with respect to control, whereas the treatment with ASCs in DMEM with 10% FCS resulted in significantly increased levels of fibroblast growth factor-basic (FGF-basic) and moderate increases of immunomodulatory cytokines. These results confirm that the wound microenvironment can influence the type of mediators secreted by ASCs and the mode as to how they improve the wound healing process. Comparative investigations with pre-activated ASCs will elucidate further aspects of the wound healing mechanism and improve the protocols of ACS application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Guo
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and and Allergy, Charité–Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (X.G.); (U.B.-P.); (A.V.)
| | - Christoph Schaudinn
- Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy, Zentrum für Biologische Gefahren und Spezielle Pathogene 4 (ZBS4), Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Ulrike Blume-Peytavi
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and and Allergy, Charité–Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (X.G.); (U.B.-P.); (A.V.)
| | - Annika Vogt
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and and Allergy, Charité–Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (X.G.); (U.B.-P.); (A.V.)
| | - Fiorenza Rancan
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and and Allergy, Charité–Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (X.G.); (U.B.-P.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-450518347
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19
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Xie Y, Sutrisno L, Yoshitomi T, Kawazoe N, Yang Y, Chen G. Three-dimensional Culture and Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Interconnected Collagen Scaffolds. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35349995 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac61f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Interconnected scaffolds are useful for promoting the chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells. Collagen scaffolds with interconnected pore structures were fabricated with poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) sponge templates. The PLGA-templated collagen scaffolds were used to culture human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to investigate their promotive effect on the chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs. The cells adhered to the scaffolds with a homogeneous distribution and proliferated with culture time. The expression of chondrogenesis-related genes was upregulated, and abundant cartilaginous matrices were detected. After subcutaneous implantation, the PLGA-templated collagen scaffolds further enhanced the production of cartilaginous matrices and the mechanical properties of the implants. The good interconnectivity of the PLGA-templated collagen scaffolds promoted chondrogenic differentiation. In particular, the collagen scaffolds prepared with large pore-bearing PLGA sponge templates showed the highest promotive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xie
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0047, JAPAN
| | - Linawati Sutrisno
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, JAPAN
| | - Toru Yoshitomi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, JAPAN
| | - Naoki Kawazoe
- Biomaterials Center, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Tsukuba, 305-0047, JAPAN
| | - Yingnan Yang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan;, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, JAPAN
| | - Guoping Chen
- University of Tsukuba, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, JAPAN
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20
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Sun W, Yan S, Yang C, Yang J, Wang H, Li C, Zhang L, Zhao L, Zhang J, Cheng M, Li X, Xu D. Mesenchymal Stem Cells-derived Exosomes Ameliorate Lupus by Inducing M2 Macrophage Polarization and Regulatory T Cell Expansion in MRL/lpr Mice. Immunol Invest 2022; 51:1785-1803. [PMID: 35332841 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2022.2055478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have implicated that the transplantation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) effectively alleviates systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) primarily due to immunomodulatory effects. However, little is known about the role of hUC-MSC-derived exosomes in SLE. This study is carried out to investigate the modifying effects of hUC-MSC-exosomes on the differentiation and function of immune cells in SLE. hUC-MSC-derived exosomes were extracted from the cultural supernatant of hUC-MSCs by ultrahigh speed centrifugation. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and flow cytometry were performed to estimate the effect of hUC-MSC-derived exosomes on macrophage and regulatory T cell (Treg) polarization. In vivo, hUC-MSC-exosomes were injected intravenously into 28-week-old MRL/lpr mice. We had found that exosomes derived from hUC-MSC restrained the proliferation and inflammation of macrophages in vitro. Besides, MSC-exosomes inhibited CD68+M1 and HLA-DR+M1 but promoted CD206+M2 and CD163+M2 in vitro. Moreover, MRL/lpr mice administrated by intravenous injection of MSC-exosomes had less infiltration of CD14+CD11c+M1 cells but more CD14+CD163+M2 cells as well as Tregs in spleens compared with those in MRL/lpr mice treated by PBS. Additionally, MSC-exosomes could alleviate nephritis, liver and lung injuries of MRL/lpr mice. The survival of lupus mice could be improved after MSC-exosome treatment. This study has suggested that MSC-derived exosomes exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in SLE. MSC-exosomes ameliorate nephritis and other key organ injuries by inducing M2 macrophages and Tregs polarization. As natural nanocarriers, MSC-exosomes may serve as a promising cell-free therapeutic strategy for SLE.Abbreviations: SLE: Systemic lupus erythematosus; hUC-MSCs: Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells; MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; qRT-PCR: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Tregs: Regulatory cells; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor alfa; IL: Interleukin; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; pTHP-1: PMA-induced THP-1 macrophages; TEM: Transmission electron microscopy; LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; EVs: Extracellular vesicles; TRAF1: Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1; IRAK1: Interferon-α-interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1; NF-κB: Nuclear factor-κB; BLyS: B lymphocyte stimulator; APRIL: A proliferation-inducing ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchang Sun
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Shushan Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Anal Diseases Surgery of the Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Chunjuan Yang
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.,Department of Rheumatology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jinghan Yang
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.,Department of Rheumatology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Chaoran Li
- Department of Rheumatology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Physiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangling Li
- Department of Nephrology of Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Donghua Xu
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.,Department of Rheumatology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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21
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Dai Y, Cui X, Zhang G, Mohsin A, Xu H, Zhuang Y, Guo M. Development of a novel feeding regime for large scale production of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Cytotechnology 2022; 74:351-369. [DOI: 10.1007/s10616-022-00523-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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22
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Aldrich ED, Cui X, Murphy CA, Lim KS, Hooper GJ, McIlwraith CW, Woodfield TBF. Allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells for cartilage regeneration: A review of in vitro evaluation, clinical experience, and translational opportunities. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1500-1515. [PMID: 34387402 PMCID: PMC8550704 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The paracrine signaling, immunogenic properties and possible applications of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for cartilage tissue engineering and regenerative medicine therapies have been investigated through numerous in vitro, animal model and clinical studies. The emerging knowledge largely supports the concept of MSCs as signaling and modulatory cells, exerting their influence through trophic and immune mediation rather than as a cell replacement therapy. The virtues of allogeneic cells as a ready‐to‐use product with well‐defined characteristics of cell surface marker expression, proliferative ability, and differentiation capacity are well established. With clinical applications in mind, a greater focus on allogeneic cell sources is evident, and this review summarizes the latest published and upcoming clinical trials focused on cartilage regeneration adopting allogeneic and autologous cell sources. Moreover, we review the current understanding of immune modulatory mechanisms and the role of trophic factors in articular chondrocyte‐MSC interactions that offer feasible targets for evaluating MSC activity in vivo within the intra‐articular environment. Furthermore, bringing labeling and tracking techniques to the clinical setting, while inherently challenging, will be extremely informative as clinicians and researchers seek to bolster the case for the safety and efficacy of allogeneic MSCs. We therefore review multiple promising approaches for cell tracking and labeling, including both chimerism studies and imaging‐based techniques, that have been widely explored in vitro and in animal models. Understanding the distribution and persistence of transplanted MSCs is necessary to fully realize their potential in cartilage regeneration techniques and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellison D Aldrich
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.,School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Caroline A Murphy
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Khoon S Lim
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Gary J Hooper
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - C Wayne McIlwraith
- Orthopedic Research Center, C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Medicine Institute, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Tim B F Woodfield
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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