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Depth profiling of Cr-ITO dual-layer sample with secondary ion mass spectrometry using MeV ions in the low energy region. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11611. [PMID: 35804184 PMCID: PMC9270474 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This work explores the possibility of depth profiling of inorganic materials with Megaelectron Volt Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry using low energy primary ions (LE MeV SIMS), specifically 555 keV Cu2+, while etching the surface with 1 keV Ar+ ions. This is demonstrated on a dual-layer sample consisting of 50 nm Cr layer deposited on 150 nm In2O5Sn (ITO) glass. These materials proved to have sufficient secondary ion yield in previous studies using copper ions with energies of several hundred keV. LE MeV SIMS and keV SIMS depth profiles of Cr-ITO dual-layer are compared and corroborated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis (TOF-ERDA). The results show the potential of LE MeV SIMS depth profiling of inorganic multilayer systems in accelerator facilities equipped with MeV SIMS setup and a fairly simple sputtering source.
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2
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Jeromel L, Ogrinc N, Siketić Z, Vavpetič P, Rupnik Z, Bučar K, Jenčič B, Kelemen M, Vencelj M, Vogel-Mikuš K, Kovač J, Heeren RMA, Flinders B, Cuypers E, Barba Ž, Pelicon P. Molecular imaging of humain hair with MeV-SIMS: A case study of cocaine detection and distribution in the hair of a cocaine user. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263338. [PMID: 35333862 PMCID: PMC8956162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human hair absorbs numerous biomolecules from the body during its growth. This can act as a fingerprint to determine substance intake of an individual, which can be useful in forensic studies. The cocaine concentration profile along the growth axis of hair indicates the time evolution of the metabolic incorporation of cocaine usage. It could be either assessed by chemical extraction and further analysis of hair bundels, or by direct single hair fibre analysis with mass spectroscopy imaging (MSI). Within this work, we analyzed the cocaine distribution in individual hair samples using MeV-SIMS. Unlike conventional surface analysis methods, we demonstrate high yields of nonfragmented molecular ions from the surface of biological materials, resulting in high chemical sensitivity and non-destructive characterisation. Hair samples were prepared by longitudinally cutting along the axis of growth, leaving half-cylindrical shape to access the interior structure of the hair by the probing ion beam, and attached to the silicon wafer. A focused 5.8 MeV 35Cl6+ beam was scanned across the intact, chemically pristine hair structure. A non-fragmented protonated [M+ H]+ cocaine molecular peak at m/z = 304 was detected and localized along the cross-section of the hair. Its intensity exhibits strong fluctuations along the direction of the hair’s growth, with pronounced peaks as narrow as 50 micrometres, corresponding to a metabolic incorporation time of approx. three hours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina Ogrinc
- The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, ER Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Katarina Vogel-Mikuš
- Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Kovač
- Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ron M. A. Heeren
- The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, ER Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bryn Flinders
- The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, ER Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Cuypers
- The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, ER Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- KU Leuven Toxicology & Pharmacology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Žiga Barba
- Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-Ljubljana, Slovenia
- * E-mail:
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3
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Tuccitto N, Bombace A, Auditore A, Valenti A, Torrisi A, Capizzi G, Licciardello A. Revealing Contamination and Sequence of Overlapping Fingerprints by Unsupervised Treatment of a Hyperspectral Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Dataset. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14099-14105. [PMID: 34645262 PMCID: PMC8552212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Time-of-flight secondary
ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) has been
successfully applied for chemical imaging of overlapping fingermarks.
The resulting big dataset has been treated by means of an unsupervised
machine learning approach based on uniform manifold approximation
and projection. The hyperspectral matrix was composed of 49 million
pixels associated with 518 peaks. However, the single-pixel spectrum
results in a very poor signal intensity, mostly like a barcode. Contrary
to what has been reported in the literature recently, we have not
applied a crude approach based on binning but a sophisticated machine
learning method capable of separating the chemical signals of the
two fingerprints from each other and from the substrate in which they
were impressed. Moreover, using ToF-SIMS, an extremely surface-sensitive
technique, the sequence of deposition of the fingerprints has been
determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Tuccitto
- Consorzio per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, CSGI, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.,Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bombace
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Auditore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Valenti
- Consorzio per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, CSGI, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Alberto Torrisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giacomo Capizzi
- Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonino Licciardello
- Consorzio per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, CSGI, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.,Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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4
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Costa C, Jang M, de Jesus J, Steven RT, Nikula CJ, Elia E, Bunch J, Bellew AT, Watts JF, Hinder S, Bailey MJ. Imaging mass spectrometry: a new way to distinguish dermal contact from administration of cocaine, using a single fingerprint. Analyst 2021; 146:4010-4021. [PMID: 34019607 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00232e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we show a new and significant application area for mass spectrometry imaging. The potential for fingerprints to reveal drug use has been widely reported, with potential applications in forensics and workplace drug testing. However, one unsolved issue is the inability to distinguish between drug administration and contamination by contact. Previous work using bulk mass spectrometry analysis has shown that this distinction can only be definitively made if the hands are washed prior to sample collection. Here, we illustrate how three mass spectrometry imaging approaches, desorption electrospray ionisation (DESI), matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation (MALDI) and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) can be used to visualise fingerprints at different pixel sizes, ranging from the whole fingerprint down to the pore structure. We show how each of these magnification scales can be used to distinguish between cocaine use and contact. We also demonstrate the first application of water cluster SIMS to a fingerprint sample, which was the sole method tested here that was capable of detecting excreted drug metabolites in fingerprints, while providing spatial resolution sufficient to resolve individual pore structure. We show that after administration of cocaine, lipids and salts in the fingerprint ridges spatially correlate with the cocaine metabolite, benzoylecgonine. In contrast after contact, we have observed that cocaine and its metabolite show a poor spatial correlation with the flow of the ridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Costa
- Surrey Ion Beam Centre, University of Surrey, UK
| | - M Jang
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Ulsan, Korea
| | - J de Jesus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, UK.
| | - R T Steven
- The National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - C J Nikula
- The National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - E Elia
- The National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - J Bunch
- The National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | | | - J F Watts
- The Surface Analysis Laboratory, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - S Hinder
- The Surface Analysis Laboratory, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - M J Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, UK.
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5
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Tian H, Sheraz née Rabbani S, Vickerman JC, Winograd N. Multiomics Imaging Using High-Energy Water Gas Cluster Ion Beam Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry [(H 2O) n-GCIB-SIMS] of Frozen-Hydrated Cells and Tissue. Anal Chem 2021; 93:7808-7814. [PMID: 34038090 PMCID: PMC8190772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Integration of multiomics at the single-cell level allows the unambiguous dissecting of phenotypic heterogeneity at different states such as health, disease, and biomedical response. Imaging mass spectrometry holds the promise of being able to measure multiple types of biomolecules in parallel in the same cell. We have explored the possibility of using water gas cluster ion beam secondary ion mass spectrometry [(H2O)n-GCIB-SIMS] as an analytical tool for multiomics assay. (H2O)n-GCIB has been hailed as an ideal ionization source for biological sampling owing to the enhanced chemical sensitivity and reduced matrix effect. Taking advantage of 1 μm spatial resolution by using a high-energy beam system, we have clearly shown the enhancement of multiple intact biomolecules up to a few hundredfold in single cells. Coupled with the cryogenic sample preparation/measurement, the lipids and metabolites were imaged simultaneously within the cellular region, uncovering the pristine chemistry for integrated omics in the same sample. We have demonstrated that double-charged myelin protein fragments and single-charged multiple lipids and metabolites can be localized in the same cells/tissue with a single acquisition. Our exploration has also been extended to the capability of (H2O)n-GCIB in the generation of multiple charged peptides on protein standards. Frozen hydration combined with (H2O)n-GCIB provides the possibility of universal enhancement for the ionization of multiple bio-molecules, including peptides/proteins which has allowed "omics" to become feasible in the same sample using SIMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tian
- Department
of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | | | - John C. Vickerman
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, University of
Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Nicholas Winograd
- Department
of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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6
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Dimovska Nilsson K, Karagianni A, Kaya I, Henricsson M, Fletcher JS. (CO 2) n+, (H 2O) n+, and (H 2O) n+ (CO 2) gas cluster ion beam secondary ion mass spectrometry: analysis of lipid extracts, cells, and Alzheimer's model mouse brain tissue. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:4181-4194. [PMID: 33974088 PMCID: PMC8222020 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03372-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This work assesses the potential of new water cluster-based ion beams for improving the capabilities of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) for in situ lipidomics. The effect of water clusters was compared to carbon dioxide clusters, along with the effect of using pure water clusters compared to mixed water and carbon dioxide clusters. A signal increase was found when using pure water clusters. However, when analyzing cells, a more substantial signal increase was found in positive ion mode when the water clusters also contained carbon dioxide, suggesting that additional reactions are in play. The effects of using a water primary ion beam on a more complex sample were investigated by analyzing brain tissue from an Alzheimer’s disease transgenic mouse model. The results indicate that the ToF-SIMS results are approaching those from MALDI as ToF-SIMS was able to image lyso-phosphocholine (LPC) lipids, a lipid class that for a long time has eluded detection during SIMS analyses. Gangliosides, sulfatides, and cholesterol were also imaged. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Dimovska Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anthi Karagianni
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ibrahim Kaya
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Mölndal, Sweden
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 751 05, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcus Henricsson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John S Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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7
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Sämfors S, Fletcher JS. Lipid Diversity in Cells and Tissue Using Imaging SIMS. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2020; 13:249-271. [PMID: 32212820 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091619-103512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are an important class of biomolecules with many roles within cells and tissue. As targets for study, they present several challenges. They are difficult to label, as many labels lack the specificity to the many different lipid species or the labels maybe larger than the lipids themselves, thus severely perturbing the natural chemical environment. Mass spectrometry provides exceptional specificity and is often used to examine lipid extracts from different samples. However, spatial information is lost during extraction. Of the different imaging mass spectrometry methods available, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is unique in its ability to analyze very small features, with probe sizes <50 nm available. It also offers high surface sensitivity and 3D imaging capability on a subcellular scale. This article reviews the current capabilities and some remaining challenges associated with imaging the diverse lipids present in cell and tissue samples. We show how the technique has moved beyond show-and-tell, proof-of-principle analysis and is now being used to address real biological challenges. These include imaging the microenvironment of cancer tumors, probing the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury, or tracking the lipid composition through bacterial membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Sämfors
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John S Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden;
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8
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Priebe A, Utke I, Pethö L, Michler J. Application of a Gas-Injection System during the FIB-TOF-SIMS Analysis—Influence of Water Vapor and Fluorine Gas on Secondary Ion Signals and Sputtering Rates. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11712-11722. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Priebe
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, CH-3602 Thun, Switzerland
| | - Ivo Utke
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, CH-3602 Thun, Switzerland
| | - Laszlo Pethö
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, CH-3602 Thun, Switzerland
| | - Johann Michler
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, CH-3602 Thun, Switzerland
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9
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Schneider P, Dürr M. Cluster-induced desorption investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations-Microsolvation in clusters of polar and non-polar constituents. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:214301. [PMID: 31176317 DOI: 10.1063/1.5095512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The desorption of surface-adsorbed molecules induced by cluster-surface collisions of neutral molecular clusters, in particular, SO2 clusters, was investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The desorption efficiency was found to be in general much higher for clusters of polar molecules when compared to nonpolar cluster constituents, for both nonpolar and polar adsorbates. In all cases, desorption is shown to proceed via dissolvation of the analyte in the cluster. In systems with nonpolar cluster constituents, the process is mainly driven by the increase in the entropy of the dissolved analyte in a larger cluster fragment. The latter process is enhanced by polar cluster constituents since the respective clusters show lower fragmentation at comparable kinetic energy and thus provide in average larger cluster fragments for the analytes to be dissolved in. In systems with clusters of polar constituents and polar adsorbates, the process is most efficient due to the additional energetic stabilization of the desorbed molecule in the solvation shell formed in the cluster fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schneider
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - M Dürr
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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10
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Sheraz S, Tian H, Vickerman JC, Blenkinsopp P, Winograd N, Cumpson P. Enhanced Ion Yields Using High Energy Water Cluster Beams for Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Analysis and Imaging. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9058-9068. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Sheraz
- School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Hua Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - John C. Vickerman
- School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicholas Winograd
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Peter Cumpson
- School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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11
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Laser postionization of neutral molecules sputtered using bismuth and argon cluster primary ions. Biointerphases 2018; 13:03B412. [DOI: 10.1116/1.5019653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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12
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Matrix effects in biological SIMS using cluster ion beams of different chemical composition. Biointerphases 2016; 11:02A317. [DOI: 10.1116/1.4941009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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13
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Abstract
Imaging MS can provide unique information about the distribution of native and non-native compounds in biological specimen. MALDI MS and secondary ion MS are the two most commonly applied imaging MS techniques and can provide complementary information about a sample. MALDI offers access to high mass species such as proteins while secondary ion MS can operate at higher spatial resolution and provide information about lower mass species including elemental signals. Imaging MS is not limited to two dimensions and different approaches have been developed that allow 3D molecular images to be generated of chemicals in whole organs down to single cells. Resolution in the z-dimension is often higher than in x and y, so such analysis offers the potential for probing the distribution of drug molecules and studying drug action by MS with a much higher precision – possibly even organelle level.
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