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Penalised maximum likelihood estimation in multi-state models for interval-censored data. Comput Stat Data Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csda.2020.107057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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2
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The association of healthy behaviors with cognitive health expectancy in Chinese older adults: a population-based cohort study. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:16999-17021. [PMID: 32903212 PMCID: PMC7521482 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine how lifestyles and leisure activities are associated with cognitive health expectancy among older adults. RESULTS For young-old (aged 65), an absolute increase in life years without cognitive impairment was found among those with a healthy diet, engaging in mental activities and in social activities. For old-old (aged 85), an absolute increase was found for men engaging in physical activities besides those. Compared with counterparts in a high risk group, the young-old in a medium-low risk group had a smaller proportion of years without cognitive impairment. Old-old in a low risk group had a greater proportion. CONCLUSION Extra years of life gained by a healthy dietary pattern, mental activities, and social activities are free of cognitive impairment for both sexes across ages. The beneficial impact of individual and combined modifiable factors on cognitive health is most prominent in old-old. METHODS Data come from The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, a population-based cohort study of 27,193 participants aged 65+ conducted between 2002 and 2014. Smoking status, alcohol consumption, dietary pattern, marital status, physical, mental, social, and productive activities were assessed at baseline. Cognitive status was measured using the Chinese version of the MMSE.
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Strozza C, Pasqualetti P, Egidi V, Loreti C, Vannetti F, Macchi C, Padua L. Health profiles and socioeconomic characteristics of nonagenarians residing in Mugello, a rural area in Tuscany (Italy). BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:289. [PMID: 32799807 PMCID: PMC7429096 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01689-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Health, as defined by the WHO, is a multidimensional concept that includes different aspects. Interest in the health conditions of the oldest-old has increased as a consequence of the phenomenon of population aging. This study investigates whether (1) it is possible to identify health profiles among the oldest-old, taking into account physical, emotional and psychological information about health, and (2) there are demographic and socioeconomic differences among the health profiles. Methods Latent Class Analysis with covariates was applied to the Mugello Study data to identify health profiles among the 504 nonagenarians residing in the Mugello district (Tuscany, Italy) and to evaluate the association between socioeconomic characteristics and the health profiles resulting from the analysis. Results This study highlights four groups labeled according to the posterior probability of determining a certain health characteristic: “healthy”, “physically healthy with cognitive impairment”, “unhealthy”, and “severely unhealthy”. Some demographic and socioeconomic characteristics were found to be associated with the final groups: older nonagenarians are more likely to be in worse health conditions; men are in general healthier than women; more educated individuals are less likely to be in extremely poor health conditions, while the lowest-educated are more likely to be cognitively impaired; and office or intellectual workers are less likely to be in poor health conditions than are farmers. Conclusions Considering multiple dimensions of health to determine health profiles among the oldest-old could help to better evaluate their care needs according to their health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmo Strozza
- Interdisciplinary Centre on Population Dynamics, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9B, 2nd floor, 5000, Odense C, Denmark. .,Department of Statistical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Patrizio Pasqualetti
- Fatebenefratelli Foundation for Health Research and Education, Via della Lungaretta 177, 00153, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Egidi
- Department of Statistical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Loreti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00136, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Vannetti
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Via di Scandicci 269, 50143, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudio Macchi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Via di Scandicci 269, 50143, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Luca Padua
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopaedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.,UOC Neuroriabilitazione ad Alta Intensità, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00136, Rome, Italy
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Understanding Health Deterioration and the Dynamic Relationship between Physical Ability and Cognition among a Cohort of Danish Nonagenarians. J Aging Res 2020; 2020:4704305. [PMID: 32655951 PMCID: PMC7323846 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4704305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to determine how demographics, socioeconomic characteristics, and lifestyle affect physical and cognitive health transitions among nonagenarians, whether these transitions follow the same patterns, and how each dimension affects the transitions of the other. We applied a multistate model for panel data to 2262 individuals over a 2-year follow-up period from the 1905 Danish Cohort survey. Within two years from baseline, the transition probability from good to bad physical health-ability to stand up from a chair-was higher than dying directly (29% vs. 25%), while this was not observed for cognition (24% vs. 27%) evaluated with Mini-Mental State Examination-a score lower than 24 indicates poor cognitive health. Probability of dying either from bad physical or cognitive health condition was 50%. Health transitions were associated with sex, education, living alone, body mass index, and physical activity. Physical and cognitive indicators were associated with deterioration of cognitive and physical status, respectively, and with survivorship from a bad health condition. We conclude that physical and cognitive health deteriorated differently among nonagenarians, even if they were related to similar sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics and resulted dynamically related with each other.
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Lou W, Abner EL, Wan L, Fardo DW, Lipton R, Katz M, Kryscio RJ. Estimation of multi-state models with missing covariate values based on observed data likelihood. COMMUN STAT-THEOR M 2019; 48:5733-5747. [DOI: 10.1080/03610926.2018.1520884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Lou
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Erin L. Abner
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lijie Wan
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - David W. Fardo
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Richard Lipton
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Mindy Katz
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Richard J. Kryscio
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Karr JE, Graham RB, Hofer SM, Muniz-Terrera G. When does cognitive decline begin? A systematic review of change point studies on accelerated decline in cognitive and neurological outcomes preceding mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and death. Psychol Aging 2019; 33:195-218. [PMID: 29658744 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Older adults who ultimately develop dementia experience accelerated cognitive decline long before diagnosis. A similar acceleration in cognitive decline occurs in the years before death as well. To evaluate preclinical and terminal cognitive decline, past researchers have incorporated change points in their analyses of longitudinal data, identifying point estimates of how many years prior to diagnosis or death that decline begins to accelerate. The current systematic review aimed to summarize the published literature on preclinical and terminal change points in relation to mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia, and death, identifying the order in which cognitive and neurological outcomes decline and factors that modify the onset and rate of decline. A systematic search protocol yielded 35 studies, describing 16 longitudinal cohorts, modeling change points for cognitive and neurological outcomes preceding MCI, dementia, or death. Change points for cognitive abilities ranged from 3-7 years prior to MCI diagnosis, 1-11 years prior to dementia diagnosis, and 3-15 years before death. No sequence of decline was observed preceding MCI or death, but the following sequence was tentatively accepted for Alzheimer's disease: verbal memory, visuospatial ability, executive functions and fluency, and last, verbal IQ. Some of the modifiers of the onset and rate of decline examined by previous researchers included gender, education, genetics, neuropathology, and personality. Change point analyses evidence accelerated decline preceding MCI, dementia, and death, but moderators of the onset and rate of decline remain ambiguous due to between-study modeling differences, and coordinated analyses may improve comparability across future studies. (PsycINFO Database Record
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De Iorio M, Gallot N, Valcarcel B, Wedderburn L. A Bayesian semiparametric Markov regression model for juvenile dermatomyositis. Stat Med 2018; 37:1711-1731. [PMID: 29462840 DOI: 10.1002/sim.7613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is a rare autoimmune disease that may lead to serious complications, even to death. We develop a 2-state Markov regression model in a Bayesian framework to characterise disease progression in JDM over time and gain a better understanding of the factors influencing disease risk. The transition probabilities between disease and remission state (and vice versa) are a function of time-homogeneous and time-varying covariates. These latter types of covariates are introduced in the model through a latent health state function, which describes patient-specific health over time and accounts for variability among patients. We assume a nonparametric prior based on the Dirichlet process to model the health state function and the baseline transition intensities between disease and remission state and vice versa. The Dirichlet process induces a clustering of the patients in homogeneous risk groups. To highlight clinical variables that most affect the transition probabilities, we perform variable selection using spike and slab prior distributions. Posterior inference is performed through Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. Data were made available from the UK JDM Cohort and Biomarker Study and Repository, hosted at the UCL Institute of Child Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Iorio
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Beatriz Valcarcel
- Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lucy Wedderburn
- UCL Institute for Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Arthritis Research UK Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology at UCL and GOSH/ICH NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
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Machado RJM, van den Hout A. Flexible multistate models for interval-censored data: Specification, estimation, and an application to ageing research. Stat Med 2018; 37:1636-1649. [PMID: 29383740 DOI: 10.1002/sim.7604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Continuous-time multistate survival models can be used to describe health-related processes over time. In the presence of interval-censored times for transitions between the living states, the likelihood is constructed using transition probabilities. Models can be specified using parametric or semiparametric shapes for the hazards. Semiparametric hazards can be fitted using P-splines and penalised maximum likelihood estimation. This paper presents a method to estimate flexible multistate models that allow for parametric and semiparametric hazard specifications. The estimation is based on a scoring algorithm. The method is illustrated with data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson J M Machado
- Department of Statistical Science, University College, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ardo van den Hout
- Department of Statistical Science, University College, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Wanneveich M, Jacqmin-Gadda H, Dartigues JF, Joly P. Projections of health indicators for chronic disease under a semi-Markov assumption. Theor Popul Biol 2017; 119:83-90. [PMID: 29258742 DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chronic diseases are a growing public health problem due to the population aging. Their economic, social and demographic burden will worsen in years to come. Up to now, the method used to provide projections and assess the future disease burden makes a non-homogeneous Markov assumption in an illness-death model. Both age and calendar year have been taken into account in all parameter estimations, but the time spent with the disease was not considered. This work develops the method with a semi-Markov assumption to model mortality among the diseased and considering the time spent with the disease. The method is applied to estimate several health indicators for dementia in France in 2030. We find that mortality among the individuals with dementia depends on age, calendar year and disease duration, and it is greater for men than for women at all ages. The projections for 2030 suggest a 27% increase of the number of dementia cases. The model proposed in this work has flexible assumptions that make it adaptable to provide projections for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Wanneveich
- University of Bordeaux, ISPED, Inserm, U1219 - Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Hélène Jacqmin-Gadda
- University of Bordeaux, ISPED, Inserm, U1219 - Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Jean-François Dartigues
- University of Bordeaux, ISPED, Inserm, U1219 - Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; University Hospital, memory consultation, CMRR, Bordeaux, F-33076, France.
| | - Pierre Joly
- University of Bordeaux, ISPED, Inserm, U1219 - Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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10
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Wanneveich M, Jacqmin-Gadda H, Dartigues JF, Joly P. Impact of intervention targeting risk factors on chronic disease burden. Stat Methods Med Res 2016; 27:414-427. [PMID: 26988925 DOI: 10.1177/0962280216631360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aging of the population is accompanied by a sharp rise of chronic disease prevalences, such as dementia. These diseases generally cannot be prevented or cured and persist over time, with a progressive deterioration of health, requiring specific care. To reduce the burden of these diseases, it is appropriate to propose interventions targeting disease risk factors, but the association between most of these risk factors and mortality makes it difficult to anticipate the potential impact of such interventions. A method was previously proposed to estimate changes in disease prevalence following an intervention targeting subjects at a given age where the incidence of the disease is supposed to be null. Here, we propose a general framework to make projections for life expectancies with and without the disease, the age at onset, and the lifelong probability of the disease, and to evaluate the consequences of preventive interventions targeting risk factors on these various measures of disease burden. The methodology takes into account the mortality trend over calendar time and age in both healthy and diseased subjects, and the change in mortality due to the intervention. The method is applied to make projections for dementia in 2030 according to several scenarios of public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Wanneveich
- 1 University of Bordeaux, ISPED, Bordeaux, France.,2 Inserm, ISPED, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hélène Jacqmin-Gadda
- 1 University of Bordeaux, ISPED, Bordeaux, France.,2 Inserm, ISPED, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Pierre Joly
- 1 University of Bordeaux, ISPED, Bordeaux, France.,2 Inserm, ISPED, Bordeaux, France
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11
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Benoit JS, Chan W, Luo S, Yeh HW, Doody R. A hidden Markov model approach to analyze longitudinal ternary outcomes when some observed states are possibly misclassified. Stat Med 2016; 35:1549-57. [PMID: 26782946 DOI: 10.1002/sim.6861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the dynamic disease process is vital in early detection, diagnosis, and measuring progression. Continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) methods have been used to estimate state-change intensities but challenges arise when stages are potentially misclassified. We present an analytical likelihood approach where the hidden state is modeled as a three-state CTMC model allowing for some observed states to be possibly misclassified. Covariate effects of the hidden process and misclassification probabilities of the hidden state are estimated without information from a 'gold standard' as comparison. Parameter estimates are obtained using a modified expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, and identifiability of CTMC estimation is addressed. Simulation studies and an application studying Alzheimer's disease caregiver stress-levels are presented. The method was highly sensitive to detecting true misclassification and did not falsely identify error in the absence of misclassification. In conclusion, we have developed a robust longitudinal method for analyzing categorical outcome data when classification of disease severity stage is uncertain and the purpose is to study the process' transition behavior without a gold standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Benoit
- Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics and Department of Basic Vision Sciences, College of Optometry, The University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, U.S.A.,Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, U.S.A
| | - Wenyaw Chan
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, U.S.A
| | - Sheng Luo
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, U.S.A
| | - Hung-Wen Yeh
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, U.S.A
| | - Rachelle Doody
- Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, U.S.A
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12
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van den Hout A, Muniz-Terrera G. Joint models for discrete longitudinal outcomes in aging research. J R Stat Soc Ser C Appl Stat 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/rssc.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Medical Research Council Lifelong Health and Ageing Unit at University College; London UK
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13
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Investigating healthy life expectancy using a multi-state model in the presence of missing data and misclassification. DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.4054/demres.2014.30.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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14
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Abstract
Multi-state models allow subjects to move among a finite number of states during a follow-up period. Most often, the objects of study are the transition intensities. The impact of covariates on them can also be studied by specifying regression models. Thus, estimation in multi-state models is usually focused on the transition intensities (or the cumulative transition intensities) and on the regression parameters. However, from a clinical or epidemiological point of view, other quantities could provide additional information and may be more relevant to answer practical questions. For example, given a set of covariates for a subject, it may be of interest to estimate the probability to experience a future event or the expected time without any event. To address these kinds of issues, we need to estimate quantities such as transition probabilities, cumulative probabilities and life expectancies. The purpose of this paper is to review a large number of these quantities in an illness-death model which is perhaps the most common multi-state model in the medical literature, and to propose a way to estimate them in addition to the transition intensities and the regression parameters. An illustration is given using interval-censored data from a large cohort study on cognitive ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Touraine
- ISPED, University of Bordeaux, INSERM U-897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France
| | - Catherine Helmer
- ISPED, University of Bordeaux, INSERM U-897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Joly
- ISPED, University of Bordeaux, INSERM U-897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France
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Mitnitski A, Song X, Rockwood K. Trajectories of changes over twelve years in the health status of Canadians from late middle age. Exp Gerontol 2012; 47:893-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2012.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Armero C, Cabras S, Castellanos ME, Perra S, Quirós A, Oruezábal MJ, Sánchez-Rubio J. Bayesian analysis of a disability model for lung cancer survival. Stat Methods Med Res 2012; 25:336-51. [PMID: 22767866 DOI: 10.1177/0962280212452803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Bayesian reasoning, survival analysis and multi-state models are used to assess survival times for Stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer patients and the evolution of the disease over time. Bayesian estimation is done using minimum informative priors for the Weibull regression survival model, leading to an automatic inferential procedure. Markov chain Monte Carlo methods have been used for approximating posterior distributions and the Bayesian information criterion has been considered for covariate selection. In particular, the posterior distribution of the transition probabilities, resulting from the multi-state model, constitutes a very interesting tool which could be useful to help oncologists and patients make efficient and effective decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Armero
- Departament d'Estadística i Investigació Operativa, Universitat de València, Spain
| | - S Cabras
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, Universitá degli Studi di Cagliari, Italy Departamento de Estadística, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain
| | - M E Castellanos
- Departamento de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Spain
| | - S Perra
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, Universitá degli Studi di Cagliari, Italy
| | - A Quirós
- Departamento de Teoría de la Señal y Comunicaciones, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Spain
| | - M J Oruezábal
- Unidad Onco-Hematológica, Hospital Universitario Infanta Cristina de Madrid, Spain Servicio Oncología Médica, Hospital Rey Juan Carlos, Spain
| | - J Sánchez-Rubio
- Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Universitario Infanta Cristina de Madrid, Spain
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Tom BD, Farewell VT. Intermittent observation of time-dependent explanatory variables: a multistate modelling approach. Stat Med 2011; 30:3520-31. [DOI: 10.1002/sim.4429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian D.M. Tom
- MRC Biostatistics Unit; Institute of Public Health; Robinson Way Cambridge CB2 0SR UK
| | - Vernon T. Farewell
- MRC Biostatistics Unit; Institute of Public Health; Robinson Way Cambridge CB2 0SR UK
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Marioni RE, Chatfield M, Brayne C, Matthews FE. The reliability of assigning individuals to cognitive states using the Mini Mental-State Examination: a population-based prospective cohort study. BMC Med Res Methodol 2011; 11:127. [PMID: 21896187 PMCID: PMC3175206 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-11-127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous investigations of test re-test reliability of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) have used correlations and statistics such as Cronbach's α to assess consistency. In practice, the MMSE is usually used to group individuals into cognitive states. The reliability of this grouping (state based approach) has not been fully explored. Methods MMSE data were collected on a subset of 2,275 older participants (≥ 65 years) from the population-based Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study. Two measurements taken approximately two months apart were used to investigate three state-based categorisations. Descriptive statistics were used to determine how many people remained in the same cognitive group or went up or down groups. Weighted logistic regression was used to identify predictive characteristics of those who moved group. Results The proportion of people who remained in the same MMSE group at screen and follow-up assessment ranged from 58% to 78%. The proportion of individuals who went up one or more groups was roughly equal to the proportion that went down one or more groups; most of the change occurred when measurements were close to the cut-points. There was no consistently significant predictor for changing cognitive group. Conclusion A state-based approach to analysing the reliability of the MMSE provided similar results to correlation analyses. State-based models of cognitive change or individual trajectory models using raw scores need multiple waves to help overcome natural variation in MMSE scores and to help identify true cognitive change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo E Marioni
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20SR, UK.
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Mitnitski A, Fallah N, Rockwood K. A Multistate Model of Cognitive Dynamics in Relation to Frailty in Older Adults. Ann Epidemiol 2011; 21:507-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Revised: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Barrett JK, Siannis F, Farewell VT. A semi-competing risks model for data with interval-censoring and informative observation: an application to the MRC cognitive function and ageing study. Stat Med 2010; 30:1-10. [PMID: 21204119 PMCID: PMC3443364 DOI: 10.1002/sim.4071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Semi-competing risks data occur frequently in medical research when interest is in simultaneous modelling of two or more processes, one of which may censor the others. We consider the analysis of semi-competing risks data in the presence of interval-censoring and informative loss-to-followup. The work is motivated by a data set from the MRC UK Cognitive Function and Ageing Study, which we use to model two processes, cognitive impairment and death. Analysis is carried out using a multi-state model, which is an extension of that used by Siannis et al. (Statist. Med. 2007; 26:426–442) to model semi-competing risks data with exact transition times, to data which is interval-censored. Model parameters are estimated using maximum likelihood. The role of a sensitivity parameter k, which influences the nature of informative censoring, is explored. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Barrett
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, University Forvie Site, Cambridge, UK.
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Abstract
Time-to-event and similar analyses can be problematic if the event of interest is operationally defined by some condition being true for a prolonged period of time. A particular example of this, remission in psoriatic arthritis, is considered in detail for illustration. A 3-state model is proposed for characterizing the transition rates into and out of remission. Remission is linked to an initial and subsequent state for the purpose of introducing the condition that remission must be of some duration to be clinically meaningful. The model is compared with alternative approaches that have been used in such situations. These involve 2-state models where the duration of remission is allowed for through different definitions for the time of entry into remission. Both definitions are linked to prolonged observation of a particular clinical state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernon T Farewell
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, University Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK.
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Mitnitski A, Fallah N, Wu Y, Rockwood K, Borenstein AR. Changes in Cognition During the Course of Eight Years in Elderly Japanese Americans: A Multistate Transition Model. Ann Epidemiol 2010; 20:480-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2010.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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