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Akbar A, Jabbar Siddiqui A, Tarique Moin S, Noman Khan M, Raza A, Khadim A, Usman M, Iqbal Choudhary M, Ghulam Musharraf S. A rapid colorimetric method for the detection of carminic acid in samples based on visible color change. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 302:122953. [PMID: 37392539 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Carminic Acid (CA), an insect-derived red color, is widely used as a colorant and additive in food and non-food items. The detection of CA is of great concern since it is unacceptable for vegetarians and vegans consumers. Therefore, it is important for food authorities to have a rapid detection method for CA. We describe here a simple and rapid method for the qualitative detection of CA, using Pb2+ for complex formation. As a result, the sample solution shows a visible change from pink to purple (bathochromic shift) which could also be analyzed through a spectrophotometer at λmax = 605 nm. The structure of the CA-Pb2+ complex was also studied through advanced spectroscopic techniques. Moreover, the presence of iron results in the formation of a stable CA-Fe2+ complex without any significant color change, as Fe2+ has a stronger binding affinity with CA. Thus, sodium fluoride (NaF) was used to prevent CA-Fe2+ complex formation. Therefore, two methods were developed based on the absence (method I) and presence (method II) of NaF. The LOD and LOQ for the method I was 0.0025 and 0.0076 mg mL-1, and for method II, values were 0.0136 and 0.0415 mg mL-1, respectively. The methods were also validated by intra and inter-day analyses. A total of 45 commercials, including food and non-food samples, were screened for the detection of CA. The developed methods are applicable for the effective and rapid surveillance of CA in various samples without the use of high-tech instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Akbar
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Amna Jabbar Siddiqui
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syed Tarique Moin
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Noman Khan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Adeeba Khadim
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Halal Certification, Testing and Research Services (HCTRS), H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Halal Certification, Testing and Research Services (HCTRS), H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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Chatterjee S, Jain CK, Saha T, Roychoudhury S, Majumder HK, Das S. Utilizing coordination chemistry through formation of a Cu II-quinalizarin complex to manipulate cell biology: An in vitro, in silico approach. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 249:112369. [PMID: 37776829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Quinalizarin, an analogue of anthracycline anticancer agents, is an anticancer agent itself. A CuII complex was prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, UV-Vis & IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, EPR and DFT. The intention behind the preparation of the complex was to increase cellular uptake, compare its binding with DNA against that of quinalizarin, modulation of semiquinone formation, realization of human DNA topoisomerase I & human DNA topoisomerase II inhibition and observation of anticancer activity. While the first two attributes of complex formation lead to increased efficacy, decrease in semiquinone generation could results in a compromise with efficacy. Inhibition of human DNA topoisomerase makes up this envisaged compromise in free radical activity since the complex shows remarkable ability to disrupt activities of human DNA topoisomerase I and II. The complex unlike quinalizarin, does not catalyze flow of electrons from NADH to O2 to the extent known for quinalizarin. Hence, decrease in semiquinone or superoxide radical anion could make modified quinalizarin [as CuII complex] less efficient in free radical pathway. However, it would be less cardiotoxic and that would be advantageous to qualify it as a better anticancer agent. Although binding to calf thymus DNA was comparable to quinalizarin, it was weaker than anthracyclines. Low cost of quinalizarin could justify consideration as a substitute for anthracyclines but the study revealed IC50 of quinalizarin/CuII-quinalizarin was much higher than anthracyclines or their complexes. Even then, there is a possibility that CuII-quinalizarin could be an improved and less costly form of quinalizarin as anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantani Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry (Inorganic Section), Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India; Department of Chemistry, Vijaygarh Jyotish Ray College, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Chetan Kumar Jain
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700 032, India; Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Tanmoy Saha
- Department of Chemistry (Inorganic Section), Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Susanta Roychoudhury
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Hemanta Kumar Majumder
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Saurabh Das
- Department of Chemistry (Inorganic Section), Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India.
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Cao S, Wang A, Li K, Lin Z, Yang H, Zhang X, Qiu J, Tai X. A novel tetranuclear Cu(ii) complex for DNA-binding and in vitro anticancer activity. RSC Adv 2023; 13:26324-26329. [PMID: 37671352 PMCID: PMC10476018 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03624c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel tetranuclear Cu(ii) complex (TNC) was successfully synthesized and characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The interaction of the complex with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) has been studied by UV-vis absorption titration, fluorescence technology and molecular docking. The results indicated that TNC could bind to the DNA through an intercalative mode. The agarose gel electrophoresis experiment showed that TNC could cleave supercoiled plasmid DNA into linear DNA. The anticancer activity of TNC was tested on four cancer cell lines: MCF7, A549, 4T1 and HepG2. The results indicated that TNC shown significant activity against all of above cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Cao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Weifang University No. 5147 Dongfeng Street Weifang 261061 P. R. China
| | - Anlin Wang
- Affiliated Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University No. 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Chaoyang District Beijing 100020 P. R. China
| | - Kaoxue Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Weifang University No. 5147 Dongfeng Street Weifang 261061 P. R. China
| | - Zhiteng Lin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Weifang University No. 5147 Dongfeng Street Weifang 261061 P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Weifang University No. 5147 Dongfeng Street Weifang 261061 P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Weifang University No. 5147 Dongfeng Street Weifang 261061 P. R. China
| | - Jianmei Qiu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Weifang University No. 5147 Dongfeng Street Weifang 261061 P. R. China
| | - Xishi Tai
- College of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Weifang University No. 5147 Dongfeng Street Weifang 261061 P. R. China
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Saha M, Singha S, Ghosh D, Kumar S, Karmakar P, Das S. A CobaltII/CobaltIII complex of alizarin that was analyzed from the stand point of binding with DNA, for ROS generation and anticancer drug prospecting was identified as an analogue of anthracyclines. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lawal B, Kuo YC, Sumitra MR, Wu ATH, Huang HS. In vivo Pharmacokinetic and Anticancer Studies of HH-N25, a Selective Inhibitor of Topoisomerase I, and Hormonal Signaling for Treating Breast Cancer. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:4901-4913. [PMID: 34588796 PMCID: PMC8473721 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s329401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer globally, and the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality among women. The efficacy of most clinical chemotherapies is often limited by poor pharmacokinetics and the development of drug resistance by tumors. In a continuing effort to explore small molecules as alternative therapies, we herein evaluated the therapeutic potential of HH-N25, a novel nitrogen-substituted anthra[1,2-c][1,2,5]thiadiazole-6,11-dione derivative. METHODS We evaluated the in vivo pharmacokinetic properties and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of HH-N25 in rats. We also characterized the compound for in vitro and in vivo anticancer activities and its inhibitory effects against DNA topoisomerases and hormonal signaling in breast cancer. Furthermore, we used molecular docking to analyse the ligand-receptor interactions between the compound and the targets. RESULTS The maximum serum concentration (Cmax), half-life (t1/2 beta), mean residence time (MRT), oral clearance (CL/f), and apparent volume of distribution (VD/f) of HH-N25 were 1446.67 ± 312.05 ng/mL, 4.51 ± 0.27 h, 2.56 ± 0.16 h, 8.32 ± 1.45 mL/kg/h, and 1.26 ± 0.15 mL/kg, respectively, after single-dose iv administration at 3 mg/kg body weight. HH-N25 had potent anticancer activity against a panel of human breast cancer cell lines with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) ranging 0.045±0.01~4.21±0.05 µM. The drug also demonstrated marked in vivo anticancer activity at a tolerated dose and prolonged the survival duration of mice without unacceptable toxicities based on body weight changes in human tumor xenograft models. In addition, HH-N25 exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of topoisomerase I and ligand-mediated activities of progesterone and androgen receptors. CONCLUSION HH-N25 represents a new molecular entity that selective suppressed TOP1 and hormonal signaling, and shows potent antitumor activities in human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. HH-N25 thus represents a promising anticancer agent that warrants further preclinical and clinical exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir Lawal
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute for Cancer Biology & Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Kuo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Maryam Rachmawati Sumitra
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute for Cancer Biology & Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Alexander T H Wu
- The PhD Program of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Clinical Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Shan Huang
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute for Cancer Biology & Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
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Free radical induced activity of an anthracycline analogue and its Mn II complex on biological targets through in situ electrochemical generation of semiquinone. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07746. [PMID: 34458604 PMCID: PMC8379465 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxicity by anthracycline antibiotics is attributed to several pathways. Important among them are formation of free-radical intermediates. However, their generation makes anthracyclines cardiotoxic which is a concern on their use as anticancer agents. Hence, any change in redox behavior that address cardiotoxicity is welcome. Modulation of redox behavior raises the fear that cytotoxicity could be compromised. Regarding the generation of free radical intermediates on anthracyclines, a lot depends on the surrounding environment (oxic or anoxic), polarity and pH of the medium. In case of anthracyclines, one-electron reduction to semiquinone or two-electron reduction to quinone-dianion are crucial both for cytotoxicity and for cardiotoxic side effects. The disproportion-comproportionation equilibria at play between quinone-dianion, free quinone and semiquinone control biological activity. Whatever is the form of reduction, semiquinones are generated as a consequence of the presence of anthracyclines and these interact with a biological target. Alizarin, a simpler anthracycline analogue and its MnII complex were subjected to electrochemical reduction to realize what happens when anthracyclines are reduced by compounds present in cells as members of the electron transport chain. Glassy carbon electrode maintained at the pre-determined reduction potential of a compound was used for reduction of the compounds. Nucleobases and calf thymus DNA that were maintained in immediate vicinity of such radical generation were used as biological targets. Changes due to the generated species under aerated/de-aerated conditions on nucleobases and on DNA helps one to realize the process by which alizarin and its MnII complex might affect DNA. The study reveals alizarin was more effective on nucleobases than the complex in the free radical pathway. Difference in damage caused by alizarin and the MnII complex on DNA is comparatively less than that observed on nucleobases; the complex makes up for any inefficacy in the free radical pathway by its other attributes.
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Karmakar J, Nandy P, Das S, Bhattacharya D, Karmakar P, Bhattacharya S. Utilization of Guanidine-Based Ancillary Ligands in Arene-Ruthenium Complexes for Selective Cytotoxicity. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:8226-8238. [PMID: 33817481 PMCID: PMC8015125 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A family of three water-soluble half-sandwich arene-ruthenium complexes, depicted as C 1 -C 3 , having the general formula [Ru(p-cymene)(L)Cl]Cl has been synthesized, where L represents (1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)guanidine (L 1 ) or (benzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)guanidine (L 2 ) or (benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)guanidine (L 3 ). The crystal structure of complex C 3 has been determined. The complexes show several absorption bands in the visible and ultraviolet regions, and they also show prominent emission in the visible region while excited near 400 nm. Studies on the interaction of ligands L 1 -L 3 and complexes C 1 -C 3 with calf thymus DNA reveal that the complexes are better DNA binders than the ligands, which is attributable to the imposed planarity of the ruthenium-bound guanidine-based ligand, enabling it to serve as a better intercalator. Molecular docking studies show that the complexes effectively bind with DNA through electrostatic and H-bonding interactions and partial intercalation of the guanidine-based ligands. Cytotoxicity studies carried out on two carcinoma cell lines (PC3 and A549) and on two non-cancer cell lines (BPH1 and WI-38) show a marked improvement in antitumor activity owing to complex formation, which is attributed to improvement in cellular uptake on complex formation. The C 1 complex is found to exhibit the most prominent activity against the PC3 cell line. Inclusion of the guanidine-based ligands in the half-sandwich ruthenium-arene complexes is found to be effective for displaying selective cytotoxicity to cancer cells and also for convenient tracing of the complexes in cells due to their prominent emissive nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jit Karmakar
- Department
of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Promita Nandy
- Department
of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Saurabh Das
- Department
of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Debalina Bhattacharya
- Department
of Microbiology, Maulana Azad College, Kolkata 700 013, India
- Department
of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur
University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Parimal Karmakar
- Department
of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur
University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Samaresh Bhattacharya
- Department
of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
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Saha T, Singha S, Kumar S, Das S. Spectroscopy driven DFT computation for a structure of the monomeric Cu2+-Curcumin complex and thermodynamics driven evaluation of its binding to DNA: Pseudo-binding of Curcumin to DNA. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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9
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Nandy P, Mukherjee A, Pradhan C, Das S. Radio-Sensitizing Effects of Cu II and Zn II Complexes of Ornidazole: Role of Nitro Radical Anion. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:25668-25676. [PMID: 33073092 PMCID: PMC7557252 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of malignant cells that are deficient in oxygen due to the insufficient flow of blood is often seen as a major hindrance in radiotherapy. Such cells become radio-resistant because molecular oxygen, the natural and best radio-sensitizer, is depleted. Hence, to compensate this deficiency in oxygen, there is a need for agents that enhance radiation-induced damage of cells (radio-sensitizers) in a manner that normal cells are least affected. Simultaneously, agents capable of showing activity under hypoxic conditions are known as hypoxic cytotoxins that selectively and preferably destroy cells under hypoxic environments. 5-Nitroimidazoles fit both definitions. Their efficiency is based on their ability to generate the nitro radical anion that interacts with the strands of DNA within cells, either damaging or modifying them, leading to cell death. 5-Nitroimidazoles are important radio-pharmaceuticals (radio-sensitizers) in cancer-related treatments where the nitro radical anion has an important role. Since its generation leads to neurotoxic side effects that may be controlled through metal complex formation, this study looks at the possibility of two monomeric complexes of Ornidazole [1-chloro-3-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole-1-yl)propan-2-ol] with CuII and ZnII to be better radio-sensitizers and/or hypoxic cytotoxins than Ornidazole. The study reveals that although there is a decrease in nitro radical anion formation by complexes, such a decrease does not hamper their radio-sensitizing ability. Nucleic acid bases (thymine, cytosine, and adenine) or calf thymus DNA used as targets were irradiated with 60Co γ rays either in the absence or presence of Ornidazole and its monomeric complexes. Radiation-induced damage of nucleic acid bases was followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and modification of calf thymus DNA was followed by ethidium bromide fluorescence. Studies indicate that the complexes were better in performance than Ornidazole. CuII-ornidazole was significantly better than either Ornidazole or ZnII-ornidazole, which is attributed to certain special features of the CuII complex; aspects like having a stable lower oxidation state enable it to participate in Fenton reactions that actively influence radio-sensitization and the ability of the complex to bind effectively to DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Saurabh Das
- . . Tel: +91
33 2457 2148, Mobile: +91 8902087756. Fax: +91 33 2414 6223
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Saha T, Kumar P, Sepay N, Ganguly D, Tiwari K, Mukhopadhyay K, Das S. Multitargeting Antibacterial Activity of a Synthesized Mn 2+ Complex of Curcumin on Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacterial Strains. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:16342-16357. [PMID: 32685797 PMCID: PMC7364437 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is an important molecule with a plethora of pharmacological activities and therapeutic potentials. Despite its efficacy, it remained a potential drug candidate owing to hydrolytic instability and poor aqueous solubility. To overcome the limitations related to low solubility, low bioavailability, and the fact that curcumin is never present in solution as a "single unit", its complex was prepared with MnII with the idea that binding to a metal ion might help to resolve these issues. The complex was characterized by elemental and spectral analysis. The structure of the complex was determined by density functional theory calculations. The complex was stable at physiological buffer conditions, unlike curcumin. It did not have any detrimental effect on mammalian cells. There was a significant enhancement in the antibacterial activity of the complex compared to curcumin against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. It showed a strong affinity for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) evident from a high binding constant value with calf thymus DNA and also from the retarded electrophoretic mobility of bacterial plasmid DNA. The complex showed "superoxide dismutase-like" activity leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The complex caused bacterial membrane perturbation evident from calcein leakage assay, which was further corroborated by scanning and transmission electron microscopic experiments. Overall, the present study shows improved stability and antibacterial potency of a nontoxic complex over curcumin. Its multitargeting mode of action such as ROS-production, effective binding with DNA, and permeabilization of bacterial membrane together allows it to be an effective antibacterial agent that could be taken further for therapeutic use against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Saha
- Department
of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Prince Kumar
- School
of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru
University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Nayim Sepay
- Department
of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Durba Ganguly
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association
for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Kanchan Tiwari
- School
of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru
University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Kasturi Mukhopadhyay
- School
of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru
University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Saurabh Das
- Department
of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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Saha M, Singha S, Chakraborty M, Mazumdar S, Kumar S, Karmakar P, Das S. Characterization of a MnII complex of Alizarin suggests attributes explaining a superior anticancer activity: A comparison with anthracycline drugs. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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12
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Deb T, Ganguly D, Sen S, Giri P, Dhar P, Das S. Modification of the toxicity of an azo compound through complex formation help target bacterial strains. J CHEM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-018-1510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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13
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Saha M, Nandy P, Chakraborty M, Das P, Das S. The importance of pK a in an analysis of the interaction of compounds with DNA. Biophys Chem 2018; 236:15-21. [PMID: 29525503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
pKa of a compound is crucial for determining the contributions of different forms of it towards overall binding with DNA. Hence it is important to use correct pKa values in DNA interaction studies. This study takes a look at the importance of pKa values to realize binding of compounds with DNA. Since pKa of a compound determined in the presence of DNA is quite different from that determined in its absence hence, presence of different forms of a compound during interaction with DNA is different from that realized if the determination of pKa is done in normal aqueous solution in absence of DNA. Hence, calculations determining contributions of different forms of a compound interacting with DNA are affected accordingly. Two simple analogues of anthracyclines, alizarin and purpurin, were used to investigate the influence DNA has on pKa values. Indeed, they were different in presence of DNA than when determined in normal aqueous solution. pKa1 for alizarin and purpurin determined in the absence and presence of calf thymus DNA were used in equations that determine contributions of two forms (neutral and anionic) towards overall binding with DNA. The study concludes that correct pKa values, determined correctly i.e. under appropriate conditions, must be used for DNA binding experiments to evaluate contributions of individual forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouli Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Promita Nandy
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | | | - Piyal Das
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Saurabh Das
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India.
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Roy S, Loganathan G, Dharumadurai D, Akbarsha MA, Sarathi GP. Model studies on the interactions of a Cu(II)-quinone complex with surfactant micelles and DNA explore its induction of apoptosis in human MDA-MB-231 breast adenocarcinoma cells. J COORD CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2017.1330466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Shibpur Dinobundhoo Institution (College), Howrah, India
| | - Gayathri Loganathan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Dhanasekaran Dharumadurai
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Mohammad A. Akbarsha
- Mahathma Gandhi-Doerenkamp Center, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Guin Partha Sarathi
- Department of Chemistry, Shibpur Dinobundhoo Institution (College), Howrah, India
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15
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Mandal B, Singha S, Dey SK, Mazumdar S, Kumar S, Karmakar P, Das S. CuIIcomplex of emodin with improved anticancer activity as demonstrated by its performance on HeLa and Hep G2 cells. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06696a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Structure of CuIIcomplex of emodin was solved from PXRD data. [CuII(emod)2]2−binds DNA better than emodin. Thermodynamic parameters for binding were found. Complex performs better than emodin on HeLa & Hep G2 cells; not affecting WI 38 normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bitapi Mandal
- Department of Chemistry (Inorganic Section)
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - Soumen Singha
- Department of Physics
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | | | - Swagata Mazumdar
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Physics
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - Parimal Karmakar
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - Saurabh Das
- Department of Chemistry (Inorganic Section)
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata-700032
- India
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