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Farghaly TA, Alqurashi RM, Masaret GS, Abdulwahab HG. Recent Methods for the Synthesis of Quinoxaline Derivatives and their Biological Activities. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:920-982. [PMID: 37885112 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575264375231012115026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Quinoxaline derivatives have been incorporated into numerous marketed drugs used for the treatment of various diseases. Examples include glecaprevir (Mavyret), voxilaprevir (Vosevi), Balversa (L01EX16) (erdafitinib), carbadox, XK469R (NSC698215), and becampanel (AMP397). These quinoxaline derivatives exhibit a diverse range of pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, antitubercular, antiviral, anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, anticancer, antiproliferative, antitumor, kinase inhibition, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and analgesic effects. Recognizing the significance of these bioactive quinoxaline derivatives, researchers have dedicated their efforts to developing various synthetic methods for their production. This review aimed to compile the most recent findings on the synthesis and biological properties of quinoxaline derivatives from 2015 to 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoraya A Farghaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad M Alqurashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada S Masaret
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Gaber Abdulwahab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Fitzgerald SA, Payce EN, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Pope SJA. 2-(Thienyl)quinoxaline derivatives and their application in Ir(III) complexes yielding tuneable deep red emitters. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16480-16491. [PMID: 37874197 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02193a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterisation of eleven different 2-(thienyl)quinoxaline species that incorporate different points of functionality, including at the thiophene or quinoxaline rings, are described. These species display variable fluorescence properties in the visible region (λem = 401-491 nm) depending upon the molecular structures and extent of conjugation. The series of 2-(thienyl)quinoxaline species were then investigated as cyclometalating agents for Ir(III) to yield [Ir(C^N)2(bipy)]PF6 (where C^N = the cyclometalated ligand; bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine). Eight complexes were successfully isolated and fully characterised by an array of spectroscopic and analytical techniques. Two Ir(III) examples were structurally characterised in the solid state using single crystal X-ray diffraction; both structures confirmed the proposed formulations and coordination spheres in each case showing that the thiophene coordinates via a Ir-C bond. The photophysical properties of the complexes revealed that each complex is luminescent under ambient conditions with a range of emission wavelengths observed (665-751 nm) indicating that electronic tuning can be achieved via both the thienyl and quinoxaline moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A Fitzgerald
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Ellie N Payce
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Peter N Horton
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Simon J Coles
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Simon J A Pope
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
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Keri RS, Reddy D, Budagumpi S, Adimule V. Reusable nano-catalyzed green protocols for the synthesis of quinoxalines: an overview. RSC Adv 2023; 13:20373-20406. [PMID: 37425629 PMCID: PMC10326672 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03646d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds are very widely distributed in nature and are essential for life activities. They play a vital role in the metabolism of all living cells, for example, vitamins and co-enzyme precursors thiamine, riboflavin etc. Quinoxalines are a class of N-heterocycles that are present in a variety of natural and synthetic compounds. The distinct pharmacological activities of quinoxalines have attracted medicinal chemists considerably over the past few decades. Quinoxaline-based compounds possess extensive potential applications as medicinal drugs, presently; more than fifteen drugs are available for the treatment of different diseases. Diverse synthetic protocols have been developed via a one-pot approach using efficient catalysts, reagents, and nano-composites/nanocatalysts etc. But the use of homogeneous and transition metal-based catalysts suffers some demerits such as low atom economy, recovery of catalysts, harsh reaction conditions, extended reaction period, expensive catalysts, the formation of by-products, and unsatisfactory yield of products as well as toxic solvents. These drawbacks have shifted the attention of chemists/researchers to develop green and efficient protocols for synthesizing quinoxaline derivatives. In this context, many efficient methods have been developed for the synthesis of quinoxalines using nanocatalysts or nanostructures. In this review, we have summarized the recent progress (till 2023) in the nano-catalyzed synthesis of quinoxalines using condensation of o-phenylenediamine with diketone/other reagents with plausible mechanistic details. With this review, we hope that some more efficient ways of synthesizing quinoxalines can be developed by synthetic chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangappa S Keri
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be University) Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura Bangalore Karnataka 562112 India +918027577199 +919620667075
| | - Dinesh Reddy
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be University) Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura Bangalore Karnataka 562112 India +918027577199 +919620667075
| | - Srinivasa Budagumpi
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be University) Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura Bangalore Karnataka 562112 India +918027577199 +919620667075
| | - Vinayak Adimule
- Angadi Institute of Technology and Management (AITM) Savagaon Road Belagavi-5800321 Karnataka India
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Das A, Dey S, Naresh Yadav R, Jyoti Boruah P, Bakli P, Sarkar S, Mahata P, Kumar Paul A, Hossain F. An Expeditious One‐Pot Two‐Component Synthesis of Quinoxaline Derivatives in Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADESs). ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Das
- Department of Chemistry University of North Bengal Raja Rammohunpur Darjeeling 734013 India
| | - Sovan Dey
- Department of Chemistry University of North Bengal Raja Rammohunpur Darjeeling 734013 India
| | - Ram Naresh Yadav
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Engineering & Technology Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University Jaunpur 222003 (U.P) India
| | | | - Prerana Bakli
- Department of Chemistry, NIT Meghalaya Shillong 793003 India
| | - Sourav Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry Jadavpur University Raja Subodh Chandra Mallick Rd, Jadavpur Kolkata West Bengal 700032
| | - Partha Mahata
- Department of Chemistry Jadavpur University Raja Subodh Chandra Mallick Rd, Jadavpur Kolkata West Bengal 700032
| | - Amit Kumar Paul
- Department of Chemistry, NIT Meghalaya Shillong 793003 India
| | - Firoj Hossain
- Department of Chemistry University of North Bengal Raja Rammohunpur Darjeeling 734013 India
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Anchoring of a nickel Schiff base complex with mixed ligands on MCM-41 as a heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives by various energies. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.116188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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6
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Zinc ferrite as reusable and green catalyst for synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives. J CHEM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-022-02074-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Shelke SV, Dhumal ST, Karale AY, Deshmukh TR, Patil MK. A facile synthesis of quinoxalines by using SO42−/ZrO2-TiO2 as an efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2022.2039711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sushil V. Shelke
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Sub-campus, Osmanabad, India
| | - Sambhaji T. Dhumal
- Department of Chemistry, Ramkrishna Paramhansa Mahavidyalaya, Osmanabad, India
| | - Akshay Y. Karale
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Sub-campus, Osmanabad, India
| | - Tejshri R. Deshmukh
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, India
| | - Meghshyam K. Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Sub-campus, Osmanabad, India
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Hebade MJ, Deshmukh TR, Dhumal ST. Silica supported dodecatungstophosphoric acid (DTP/SiO2): An efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for rapid synthesis of quinoxalines. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.1939060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhav J. Hebade
- Department of Chemistry, Badrinarayan Barwale Mahavidyalaya, Jalna, India
| | - Tejshri R. Deshmukh
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, India
| | - Sambhaji T. Dhumal
- Department of Chemistry, Ramkrishna Paramhansa Mahavidyalaya, Osmanabad, India
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Abstract
Quinoxalines are observed in several bioactive molecules and have been widely employed in designing molecules for DSSC's, optoelectronics, and sensing applications. Therefore, developing newer synthetic routes as well as novel ways for their functionalization is apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauravi Yashwantrao
- Department of Speciality Chemicals Technology
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai-400019
- India
| | - Satyajit Saha
- Department of Speciality Chemicals Technology
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai-400019
- India
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11
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Esam Z, Akhavan M, Bekhradnia A. One‐pot multicomponent synthesis of novel 2‐(piperazin‐1‐yl) quinoxaline and benzimidazole derivatives, using a novel sulfamic acid functionalized Fe
3
O
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MNPs as highly effective nanocatalyst. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Esam
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran
| | - Malihe Akhavan
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ayatollah Amoli Branch Islamic Azad University Amol Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Bekhradnia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran
- Department of Chemistry And Biochemistry, 103CBB Montana State University Bozeman Montana USA
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12
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Xu Y, Huang X, Lv G, Lai R, Lv S, Li J, Hai L, Wu Y. Iridium-Catalyzed Carbenoid Insertion of Sulfoxonium Ylides for Synthesis of Quinoxalines and β-Keto Thioethers in Water. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province; Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology; West China School of Pharmacyy; Sichuan University; 610041 Chengdu China
| | - Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province; Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology; West China School of Pharmacyy; Sichuan University; 610041 Chengdu China
| | - Guanghui Lv
- Department of Pharmacy; Taihe Hospital; Hubei University of Medicine; No. 32 South Renmin Road 442000 Shiyan Huibei China
| | - Ruizhi Lai
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province; Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology; West China School of Pharmacyy; Sichuan University; 610041 Chengdu China
| | - Songyang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province; Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology; West China School of Pharmacyy; Sichuan University; 610041 Chengdu China
| | - Jianglian Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province; Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology; West China School of Pharmacyy; Sichuan University; 610041 Chengdu China
| | - Li Hai
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province; Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology; West China School of Pharmacyy; Sichuan University; 610041 Chengdu China
| | - Yong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province; Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology; West China School of Pharmacyy; Sichuan University; 610041 Chengdu China
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Shee S, Panja D, Kundu S. Nickel-Catalyzed Direct Synthesis of Quinoxalines from 2-Nitroanilines and Vicinal Diols: Identifying Nature of the Active Catalyst. J Org Chem 2020; 85:2775-2784. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujan Shee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Dibyajyoti Panja
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Sabuj Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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