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Xu W, Yu F, Addison O, Zhang B, Guan F, Zhang R, Hou B, Sand W. Microbial corrosion of metallic biomaterials in the oral environment. Acta Biomater 2024; 184:22-36. [PMID: 38942189 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
A wide variety of microorganisms have been closely linked to metal corrosion in the form of adherent surface biofilms. Biofilms allow the development and maintenance of locally corrosive environments and/or permit direct corrosion including pitting corrosion. The presence of numerous genetically distinct microorganisms in the oral environment poses a threat to the integrity and durability of the surface of metallic prostheses and implants used in routine dentistry. However, the association between oral microorganisms and specific corrosion mechanisms is not clear. It is of practical importance to understand how microbial corrosion occurs and the associated risks to metallic materials in the oral environment. This knowledge is also important for researchers and clinicians who are increasingly concerned about the biological activity of the released corrosion products. Accordingly, the main goal was to comprehensively review the current literature regarding oral microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) including characteristics of biofilms and of the oral environment, MIC mechanisms, corrosion behavior in the presence of oral microorganisms and potentially mitigating technologies. Findings included that oral MIC has been ascribed mostly to aggressive metabolites secreted during microbial metabolism (metabolite-mediated MIC). However, from a thermodynamic point of view, extracellular electron transfer mechanisms (EET-MIC) through pili or electron transfer compounds cannot be ruled out. Various MIC mitigating methods have been demonstrated to be effective in short term, but long term evaluations are necessary before clinical applications can be considered. Currently most in-vitro studies fail to simulate the complexity of intraoral physiological conditions which may either reduce or exacerbate corrosion risk, which must be addressed in future studies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A thorough analysis on literature regarding oral MIC (microbiologically influenced corrosion) of biomedical metallic materials has been carried out, including characteristics of oral environment, MIC mechanisms, corrosion behaviors in the presence of typical oral microorganisms and potential mitigating methods (materials design and surface design). There is currently a lack of mechanistic understanding of oral MIC which is very important not only to corrosion researchers but also to dentists and clinicians. This paper discusses the significance of biofilms from a biocorrosion perspective and summarizes several aspects of MIC mechanisms which could be caused by oral microorganisms. Oral MIC has been closely associated with not only the materials research but also the dental/clinical research fields in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Institute of Marine Corrosion Protection, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning 530007, China.
| | - Fei Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Owen Addison
- Centre for Oral Clinical Translational Science, Faculty of Dentistry Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Binbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Institute of Marine Corrosion Protection, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Fang Guan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Institute of Marine Corrosion Protection, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Ruiyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Institute of Marine Corrosion Protection, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Baorong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Institute of Marine Corrosion Protection, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Wolfgang Sand
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Biofilm Centre, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
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Yu YM, Lu YP, Zhang T, Zheng YF, Liu YS, Xia DD. Biomaterials science and surface engineering strategies for dental peri-implantitis management. Mil Med Res 2024; 11:29. [PMID: 38741175 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00532-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is a bacterial infection that causes soft tissue inflammatory lesions and alveolar bone resorption, ultimately resulting in implant failure. Dental implants for clinical use barely have antibacterial properties, and bacterial colonization and biofilm formation on the dental implants are major causes of peri-implantitis. Treatment strategies such as mechanical debridement and antibiotic therapy have been used to remove dental plaque. However, it is particularly important to prevent the occurrence of peri-implantitis rather than treatment. Therefore, the current research spot has focused on improving the antibacterial properties of dental implants, such as the construction of specific micro-nano surface texture, the introduction of diverse functional coatings, or the application of materials with intrinsic antibacterial properties. The aforementioned antibacterial surfaces can be incorporated with bioactive molecules, metallic nanoparticles, or other functional components to further enhance the osteogenic properties and accelerate the healing process. In this review, we summarize the recent developments in biomaterial science and the modification strategies applied to dental implants to inhibit biofilm formation and facilitate bone-implant integration. Furthermore, we summarized the obstacles existing in the process of laboratory research to reach the clinic products, and propose corresponding directions for future developments and research perspectives, so that to provide insights into the rational design and construction of dental implants with the aim to balance antibacterial efficacy, biological safety, and osteogenic property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Meng Yu
- Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yu-Pu Lu
- Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yu-Feng Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Yun-Song Liu
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Dan-Dan Xia
- Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China.
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Craciun D, Laszlo EA, Mirza-Rosca JC, Dorcioman G, Geanta V, Voiculescu I, Craciun G, Badea L, Craciun V. Structural Parameters and Behavior in Simulated Body Fluid of High Entropy Alloy Thin Films. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1162. [PMID: 38473633 DOI: 10.3390/ma17051162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The structure, composition and corrosion properties of thin films synthesized using the Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) technique starting from a three high entropy alloy (HEA) AlCoCrFeNix produced by vacuum arc remelting (VAR) method were investigated. The depositions were performed at room temperature on Si and mirror-like polished Ti substrates either under residual vacuum (low 10-7 mbar, films denoted HEA2, HEA6, and HEA10, which were grown from targets with Ni concentration molar ratio, x, equal to 0.4, 1.2, and 2.0, respectively) or under N2 (10-4 mbar, films denoted HEN2, HEN6, and HEN10 for the same Ni concentration molar ratios). The deposited films' structures, investigated using Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction, showed the presence of face-centered cubic and body-centered cubic phases, while their surface morphology, investigated using scanning electron microscopy, exhibited a smooth surface with micrometer size droplets. The mass density and thickness were obtained from simulations of acquired X-ray reflectivity curves. The films' elemental composition, estimated using the energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy, was quite close to that of the targets used. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy investigation showed that films deposited under a N2 atmosphere contained several percentages of N atoms in metallic nitride compounds. The electrochemical behavior of films under simulated body fluid (SBF) conditions was investigated by Open Circuit Potential (OCP) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy measurements. The measured OCP values increased over time, implying that a passive layer was formed on the surface of the films. It was observed that all films started to passivate in SBF solution, with the HEN6 film exhibiting the highest increase. The highest repassivation potential was exhibited by the same film, implying that it had the highest stability range of all analyzed films. Impedance measurements indicated high corrosion resistance values for HEA2, HEA6, and HEN6 samples. Much lower resistances were found for HEN10 and HEN2. Overall, HEN6 films exhibited the best corrosion behavior among the investigated films. It was noticed that for 24 h of immersion in SBF solution, this film was also a physical barrier to the corrosion process, not only a chemical one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doina Craciun
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Măgurele, Romania
| | - Edwin A Laszlo
- Faculty of Physics, Doctoral School of Physics, University of Bucharest, 077125 Măgurele, Romania
| | - Julia C Mirza-Rosca
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Materials Engineering and Welding Department, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania
| | - Gabriela Dorcioman
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Măgurele, Romania
| | - Victor Geanta
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ionelia Voiculescu
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Liviu Badea
- Faculty of Physics, Doctoral School of Physics, University of Bucharest, 077125 Măgurele, Romania
- National R&D Institute for Non-Ferrous and Rare Metals, 077145 Pantelimon, Romania
| | - Valentin Craciun
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Măgurele, Romania
- Extreme Light Infrastructure for Nuclear Physics, IFIN-HH, 077125 Măgurele, Romania
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Beikzadeh S, Akbarinejad A, Taylor J, Perera J, Ross J, Swift S, Kilmartin PA, Travas-Sejdic J. From energy storage to pathogen eradication: unveiling the antibacterial and antiviral capacities of flexible solid-state carbon cloth supercapacitors. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8170-8181. [PMID: 37401360 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01085f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
With the emergence of deadly viral and bacterial infections, preventing the spread of microorganisms on surfaces has gained ever-increasing importance. This study investigates the potential of solid-state supercapacitors as antibacterial and antiviral devices. We developed a low-cost and flexible carbon cloth supercapacitor (CCSC) with highly efficient antibacterial and antiviral surface properties. The CCSC comprised two parallel layers of carbon cloth (CC) electrodes assembled in a symmetric, electrical double-layer supercapacitor structure that can be charged at low potentials between 1 to 2 V. The optimized CCSC exhibited a capacitance of 4.15 ± 0.3 mF cm-2 at a scan rate of 100 mV s-1, high-rate capability (83% retention of capacitance at 100 mV s-1 compared to its value at 5 mV s-1), and excellent electrochemical stability (97% retention of the initial capacitance after 1000 cycles). Moreover, the CCSC demonstrated outstanding flexibility and retained its full capacitance even when bent at high angles, making it suitable for wearable or flexible devices. Using its stored electrical charge, the charged CCSC disinfects bacteria effectively and neutralizes viruses upon surface contact with the positive and negative electrodes. The charged CCSC device yielded a 6-log CFU reduction of Escherichia coli bacterial inocula and a 5-log PFU reduction of HSV-1 herpes virus. Antibacterial and antiviral carbon cloth supercapacitors represent a promising platform technology for various applications, including electronic textiles and electronic skins, health monitoring or motion sensors, wound dressings, personal protective equipment (e.g., masks) and air filtration systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Beikzadeh
- Centre for Innovative Materials for Health, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Kelburn Parade, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Alireza Akbarinejad
- Centre for Innovative Materials for Health, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
| | - John Taylor
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Janesha Perera
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1042, New Zealand
| | - Jacqueline Ross
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland 92019, New Zealand
| | - Simon Swift
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1042, New Zealand
| | - Paul A Kilmartin
- Centre for Innovative Materials for Health, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- Centre for Innovative Materials for Health, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Kelburn Parade, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
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Banu Raza F, Vijayaragavalu S, Kandasamy R, Krishnaswami V, Kumar V A. Microbiome and the inflammatory pathway in peri-implant health and disease with an updated review on treatment strategies. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:84-91. [PMID: 36504486 PMCID: PMC9730223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Crestal bone preservation around the dental implant for aesthetic and functional success is widely researched and documented over a decade. Several etiological factors were put forth for crestal bone loss; of which biofilm plays a major role. Biofilm is formed by the colonization of wide spectra of bacteria inhabited around dental implants. Bacterial adherence affects the regulators of bone growth and an early intervention preserves the peri-implant bone. Primary modes of therapy stated in early literature were either prevention or treatment of infection caused by biofilm. This narrative review overviews the microbiome during different stages of peri-implant health, the mechanism of bone destruction, and the expression of the biomarkers at each stage. Microbial contamination and the associated biomarkers varied depending on the stage of peri-implant infection. The comprehensive review helps in formulating a research plan, both in diagnostics and treatment aspects in improving peri-implant health.
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Key Words
- Antibiotics
- Biomarkers
- CD14, Cluster of Differentiation 14
- CSF, Colony-Stimulating Factor
- Gene expression
- IL, Interleukins
- MMP 8, Matrix MetalloProteinase 8
- Microbiota
- OPG, Osteoprotegerin
- PSMB 2, Proteasome subunit beta type-2
- Peri-implant
- RANK, Receptor Activator of Nuclear factor Kappa-Β
- RANKL, Receptor Activator of Nuclear factor Kappa-ΒLigand
- TIMP, Tissue inhibitor of Metalloproteinase
- TNF, Tumor Necrosis Factor
- TWEAK, TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis
- VEGF, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
- sRANKL, soluble Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathima Banu Raza
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Ruckmani Kandasamy
- Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational REsearch (CENTRE), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Anna University, BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkateshwaran Krishnaswami
- Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational REsearch (CENTRE), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Anna University, BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anand Kumar V
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Corresponding author. Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, SRIHER (DU), Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Salah I, Parkin IP, Allan E. Copper as an antimicrobial agent: recent advances. RSC Adv 2021; 11:18179-18186. [PMID: 35480904 PMCID: PMC9033467 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02149d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
From its uses in ancient civilisations, copper has an established history as an antimicrobial agent. Extensive research has determined the efficacy and mechanism of copper's antimicrobial activity against microorganisms. The process is multifaceted with the main mechanism of bactericidal activity being the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which irreversibly damages membranes. Copper ions released from surfaces lead to RNA degradation and membrane disruption of enveloped viruses. For fungi, the mechanism involves the physical deterioration of the membrane and copper ion influx. Due to variations in the experimental parameters, it is difficult to compare studies directly. In this review article, we outline the importance of the experimental conditions currently employed and how they bear little resemblance to real-world conditions. We endorse previous recommendations calling for an update to industrial standard tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intisar Salah
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London UK
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London UK
| | - Elaine Allan
- Department of Microbial Diseases, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street London UK
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Multifunctional natural polymer-based metallic implant surface modifications. Biointerphases 2021; 16:020803. [PMID: 33906356 DOI: 10.1116/6.0000876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High energy traumas could cause critical damage to bone, which will require permanent implants to recover while functionally integrating with the host bone. Critical sized bone defects necessitate the use of bioactive metallic implants. Because of bioinertness, various methods involving surface modifications such as surface treatments, the development of novel alloys, bioceramic/bioglass coatings, and biofunctional molecule grafting have been utilized to effectively integrate metallic implants with a living bone. However, the applications of these methods demonstrated a need for an interphase layer improving bone-making to overcome two major risk factors: aseptic loosening and peri-implantitis. To accomplish a biologically functional bridge with the host to prevent loosening, regenerative cues, osteoimmunomodulatory modifications, and electrochemically resistant layers against corrosion appeared as imperative reinforcements. In addition, interphases carrying antibacterial cargo were proven to be successful against peri-implantitis. In the literature, metallic implant coatings employing natural polymers as the main matrix were presented as bioactive interphases, enabling rapid, robust, and functional osseointegration with the host bone. However, a comprehensive review of natural polymer coatings, bridging and grafting on metallic implants, and their activities has not been reported. In this review, state-of-the-art studies on multifunctional natural polymer-based implant coatings effectively utilized as a bone tissue engineering (BTE) modality are depicted. Protein-based, polysaccharide-based coatings and their combinations to achieve better osseointegration via the formation of an extracellular matrix-like (ECM-like) interphase with gap filling and corrosion resistance abilities are discussed in detail. The hypotheses and results of these studies are examined and criticized, and the potential future prospects of multifunctional coatings are also proposed as final remarks.
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Hydroxyapatite Formation on Coated Titanium Implants Submerged in Simulated Body Fluid. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13245593. [PMID: 33302431 PMCID: PMC7762543 DOI: 10.3390/ma13245593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Titanium implants are commonly used in the field of dentistry for prosthetics such as crowns, bridges, and dentures. For successful therapy, an implant must bind to the surrounding bone in a process known as osseointegration. The objective for this ongoing study is to determine the potential of different implant surface coatings in providing the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA). The coatings include titanium nitride (TiN), silicon dioxide (SiO2), and quaternized titanium nitride (QTiN). The controls were a sodium hydroxide treated group, which functioned as a positive control, and an uncoated titanium group. Each coated disc was submerged in simulated body fluid (SBF), replenished every 48 h, over a period of 28 days. Each coating successfully developed a layer of HA, which was calculated through mass comparisons and observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive analysis x-rays (EDX). Among these coatings, the quaternized titanium nitride coating seemed to have a better yield of HA. Further studies to expand the data concerning this experiment are underway.
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Camargo SEA, Roy T, Carey IV PH, Fares C, Ren F, Clark AE, Esquivel-Upshaw JF. Novel Coatings to Minimize Bacterial Adhesion and Promote Osteoblast Activity for Titanium Implants. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:jfb11020042. [PMID: 32560139 PMCID: PMC7353544 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium nitride (TiN) and silicon carbide (SiC) adhesion properties to biofilm and the proliferation of human osteoblasts were studied. Quaternized titanium nitride (QTiN) was produced by converting the surface nitrogen on TiN to a positive charge through a quaternization process to further improve the antibacterial efficiency. The SiC required a nitridation within the plasma chamber of the surface layer before quaternization could be carried out to produce quaternized SiC (QSiC). The antimicrobial activity was evaluated on the reference strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis for 4 h by fluorescence microscopy using a live/dead viability kit. All the coatings exhibited a lower biofilm coverage compared to the uncoated samples (Ti—85.2%; TiN—24.22%; QTiN—11.4%; SiC—9.1%; QSiC—9.74%). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images confirmed the reduction in P. gingivalis bacteria on the SiC and TiN-coated groups. After 24 h of osteoblast cultivation on the samples, the cell adhesion was observed on all the coated and uncoated groups. Fluorescence images demonstrated that the osteoblast cells adhered and proliferated on the surfaces. TiN and SiC coatings can inhibit the attachment of Porphyromonas gingivalis and promote osteoblast adhesion on the titanium used for implants. These coatings may possess the ability to prevent the development of peri-implantitis and stimulate osteointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira E. A. Camargo
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Prosthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (S.E.A.C.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Tanaya Roy
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Patrick H. Carey IV
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (P.H.C.IV); (C.F.); (F.R.)
| | - Chaker Fares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (P.H.C.IV); (C.F.); (F.R.)
| | - Fan Ren
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (P.H.C.IV); (C.F.); (F.R.)
| | - Arthur E. Clark
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Prosthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (S.E.A.C.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Josephine F. Esquivel-Upshaw
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Prosthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (S.E.A.C.); (A.E.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-352-273-6928
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10
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Afonso Camargo SE, Mohiuddeen AS, Fares C, Partain JL, Carey PH, Ren F, Hsu SM, Clark AE, Esquivel-Upshaw JF. Anti-Bacterial Properties and Biocompatibility of Novel SiC Coating for Dental Ceramic. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:jfb11020033. [PMID: 32443691 PMCID: PMC7353563 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A 200 nm plasma-enhanced chemical vapor-deposited SiC was used as a coating on dental ceramics to improve anti-bacterial properties for the applications of dental prosthesis. A thin SiO2 (20 nm) in the same system was deposited first, prior to SiC deposition, to improve the adhesion between SiC to dental ceramic. Silane and methane were the precursors for SiC deposition, and the SiO2 deposition employed silane and nitrous oxide as the precursors. SiC antimicrobial activity was evaluated on the proliferation of biofilm, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus mutans on SiC-coated and uncoated dental ceramics for 24 h. The ceramic coating with SiC exhibited a biofilm coverage of 16.9%, whereas uncoated samples demonstrated a significantly higher biofilm coverage of 91.8%, measured with fluorescence and scanning electron microscopic images. The cytotoxicity of the SiC coating was evaluated using human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPdLF) by CellTiter-BlueCell viability assay. After 24 h of HPdLF cultivation, no obvious cytotoxicity was observed on the SiC coating and control group; both sets of samples exhibited similar cell adhesion and proliferation. SiC coating on a ceramic demonstrated antimicrobial activity without inducing cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Esteves Afonso Camargo
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Prosthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (S.E.A.C.); (A.S.M.); (S.-M.H.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Azeem S. Mohiuddeen
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Prosthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (S.E.A.C.); (A.S.M.); (S.-M.H.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Chaker Fares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (C.F.); (J.L.P.); (P.H.C.IV); (F.R.)
| | - Jessica L. Partain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (C.F.); (J.L.P.); (P.H.C.IV); (F.R.)
| | - Patrick H. Carey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (C.F.); (J.L.P.); (P.H.C.IV); (F.R.)
| | - Fan Ren
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (C.F.); (J.L.P.); (P.H.C.IV); (F.R.)
| | - Shu-Min Hsu
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Prosthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (S.E.A.C.); (A.S.M.); (S.-M.H.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Arthur E. Clark
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Prosthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (S.E.A.C.); (A.S.M.); (S.-M.H.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Josephine F. Esquivel-Upshaw
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Prosthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (S.E.A.C.); (A.S.M.); (S.-M.H.); (A.E.C.)
- Correspondence:
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