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Brandner L, Müller TJJ. Multicomponent synthesis of chromophores – The one-pot approach to functional π-systems. Front Chem 2023; 11:1124209. [PMID: 37007054 PMCID: PMC10065161 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1124209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions, conducted in a domino, sequential or consecutive fashion, have not only considerably enhanced synthetic efficiency as one-pot methodology, but they have also become an enabling tool for interdisciplinary research. The highly diversity-oriented nature of the synthetic concept allows accessing huge structural and functional space. Already some decades ago this has been recognized for life sciences, in particular, lead finding and exploration in pharma and agricultural chemistry. The quest for novel functional materials has also opened the field for diversity-oriented syntheses of functional π-systems, i.e. dyes for photonic and electronic applications based on their electronic properties. This review summarizes recent developments in MCR syntheses of functional chromophores highlighting syntheses following either the framework forming scaffold approach by establishing connectivity between chromophores or the chromogenic chromophore approach by de novo formation of chromophore of interest. Both approaches warrant rapid access to molecular functional π-systems, i.e. chromophores, fluorophores, and electrophores for various applications.
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Koszelewski D, Ostaszewski R, Śmigielski P, Hrunyk A, Kramkowski K, Laskowski Ł, Laskowska M, Lizut R, Szymczak M, Michalski J, Gawin K, Kowalczyk P. Pyridine Derivatives-A New Class of Compounds That Are Toxic to E. coli K12, R2-R4 Strains. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14185401. [PMID: 34576625 PMCID: PMC8467192 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A preliminary study of 2-amino-4-aryl-3,5-dicarbonitrile-6-thiopyridines as new potential antimicrobial drugs was performed. Special emphasis was placed on the selection of the structure of target pyridine derivatives with the highest biological activity against different types of Gram-stained bacteria by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Herein, Escherichia coli model strains K12 (without LPS in its structure) and R2–R4 (with different lengths of LPS in its structure) were used. Studied target compounds were provided with yields ranging from 53% to 91% by the lipase-catalyzed one pot multicomponent reaction of various aromatic aldehydes with malononitrile, and thiols. The presented work showed that the antibacterial activity of the studied pyridines depends on their structure and affects the LPS of bacteria. Moreover, the influence of the pyridines on bacteria possessing smooth and rough LPS and oxidative damage to plasmid DNA caused by investigated compounds was indicated. Additionally, the modification of the bacterial DNA with the tested compounds was performed to detect new potential oxidative damages, which are recognized by the Fpg protein. The obtained damage modification values of the analyzed compounds were compared with the modifications after antibiotics were used in this type of research. The presented studies demonstrate that 2-amino-4-aryl-3,5-dicarbonitrile-6-thiopyridines can be used as substitutes for known antibiotics. The observed results are especially important in the case of the increasing resistance of bacteria to various drugs and antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Koszelewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry PAS, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (D.K.); (R.O.); (P.Ś.); (A.H.)
| | - Ryszard Ostaszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry PAS, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (D.K.); (R.O.); (P.Ś.); (A.H.)
| | - Paweł Śmigielski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry PAS, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (D.K.); (R.O.); (P.Ś.); (A.H.)
| | - Anastasiia Hrunyk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry PAS, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (D.K.); (R.O.); (P.Ś.); (A.H.)
| | - Karol Kramkowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilińskiego 1 Str., 15-089 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Laskowski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Krakow, Poland; (Ł.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Magdalena Laskowska
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Krakow, Poland; (Ł.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Rafał Lizut
- The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Institute of Mathematics, Informatics and Landscape Architecture ul. Konstantynów 1 H, 20-708 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Szymczak
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jacek Michalski
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (J.M.); (K.G.)
| | - Kamil Gawin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (J.M.); (K.G.)
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (J.M.); (K.G.)
- Correspondence:
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