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Li F, Ouyang J, Chen Z, Zhou Z, Milon Essola J, Ali B, Wu X, Zhu M, Guo W, Liang XJ. Nanomedicine for T-Cell Mediated Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2301770. [PMID: 36964936 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
T-cell immunotherapy offers outstanding advantages in the treatment of various diseases, and with the selection of appropriate targets, efficient disease treatment can be achieved. T-cell immunotherapy has made great progress, but clinical results show that only a small proportion of patients can benefit from T-cell immunotherapy. The extensive mechanistic work outlines a blueprint for using T cells as a new option for immunotherapy, but also presents new challenges, including the balance between different fractions of T cells, the inherent T-cell suppression patterns in the disease microenvironment, the acquired loss of targets, and the decline of T-cell viability. The diversity, flexibility, and intelligence of nanomedicines give them great potential for enhancing T-cell immunotherapy. Here, how T-cell immunotherapy strategies can be adapted with different nanomaterials to enhance therapeutic efficacy is discussed. For two different pathological states, immunosuppression and immune activation, recent advances in nanomedicines for T-cell immunotherapy in diseases such as cancers, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ulcerative colitis, and diabetes are summarized. With a focus on T-cell immunotherapy, this review highlights the outstanding advantages of nanomedicines in disease treatment, and helps advance one's understanding of the use of nanotechnology to enhance T-cell immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Li
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Ouyang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
| | - Zuqin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ziran Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Julien Milon Essola
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Barkat Ali
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
- Food Sciences Research Institute, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Xinyue Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mengliang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Weisheng Guo
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Saunders K, Thuenemann EC, Shah SN, Peyret H, Kristianingsih R, Lopez SG, Richardson J, Lomonossoff GP. The Use of a Replicating Virus Vector For in Planta Generation of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Nanorods Suitable For Metallization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:877361. [PMID: 35557863 PMCID: PMC9086362 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.877361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of designer-length tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) nanorods in plants has been problematic in terms of yields, particularly when modified coat protein subunits are incorporated. To address this, we have investigated the use of a replicating potato virus X-based vector (pEff) to express defined length nanorods containing either wild-type or modified versions of the TMV coat protein. This system has previously been shown to be an efficient method for producing virus-like particles of filamentous plant viruses. The length of the resulting TMV nanorods can be controlled by varying the length of the encapsidated RNA. Nanorod lengths were analyzed with a custom-written Python computer script coupled with the Nanorod UI user interface script, thereby generating histograms of particle length. In addition, nanorod variants were produced by incorporating coat protein subunits presenting metal-binding peptides at their C-termini. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by generating nanorods that bind colloidal gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Saunders
- Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Eva C. Thuenemann
- Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Sachin N. Shah
- Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Hadrien Peyret
- Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Kristianingsih
- Computational and Systems Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio G. Lopez
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Richardson
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - George P. Lomonossoff
- Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: George P. Lomonossoff,
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Venkataraman S, Apka P, Shoeb E, Badar U, Hefferon K. Plant Virus Nanoparticles for Anti-cancer Therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:642794. [PMID: 34976959 PMCID: PMC8714775 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.642794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant virus nanoparticles (VNPs) are inexpensive to produce, safe, biodegradable and efficacious as treatments. The applications of r plant virus nanoparticles range from epitope carriers for vaccines to agents in cancer immunotherapy. Both VNPs and virus-like particles (VLPs) are highly immunogenic and are readily phagocytosed by antigen presenting cells (APCs), which in turn elicit antigen processing and display of pathogenic epitopes on their surfaces. Since the VLPs are composed of multiple copies of their respective capsid proteins, they present repetitive multivalent scaffolds which aid in antigen presentation. Therefore, the VLPs prove to be highly suitable platforms for delivery and presentation of antigenic epitopes, resulting in induction of more robust immune response compared to those of their soluble counterparts. Since the tumor microenvironment poses the challenge of self-antigen tolerance, VLPs are preferrable platforms for delivery and display of self-antigens as well as otherwise weakly immunogenic antigens. These properties, in addition to their diminutive size, enable the VLPs to deliver vaccines to the draining lymph nodes in addition to promoting APC interactions. Furthermore, many plant viral VLPs possess inherent adjuvant properties dispensing with the requirement of additional adjuvants to stimulate immune activity. Some of the highly immunogenic VLPs elicit innate immune activity, which in turn instigate adaptive immunity in tumor micro-environments. Plant viral VLPs are nontoxic, inherently stable, and capable of being mass-produced as well as being modified with antigens and drugs, therefore providing an attractive option for eliciting anti-tumor immunity. The following review explores the use of plant viruses as epitope carrying nanoparticles and as a novel tools in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Apka
- Theranostics and Drug Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Erum Shoeb
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Genetics, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Badar
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Genetics, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kathleen Hefferon
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Iravani S, Zolfaghari B. Plant Viruses and Bacteriophages for Eco-friendly Synthesis of Nanoparticles: Recent Trends and Important Challenges. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2021.1993837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behzad Zolfaghari
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology: Plant Nanoparticles for Anti-Cancer Therapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9080830. [PMID: 34451955 PMCID: PMC8402531 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring viral nanomaterials have gained popularity owing to their biocompatible and biodegradable nature. Plant virus nanoparticles (VNPs) can be used as nanocarriers for a number of biomedical applications. Plant VNPs are inexpensive to produce, safe to administer and efficacious as treatments. The following review describes how plant virus architecture facilitates the use of VNPs for imaging and a variety of therapeutic applications, with particular emphasis on cancer. Examples of plant viruses which have been engineered to carry drugs and diagnostic agents for specific types of cancer are provided. The drug delivery system in response to the internal conditions is known as stimuli response, recently becoming more applicable using plant viruses based VNPs. The review concludes with a perspective of the future of plant VNPs and plant virus-like particles (VLPs) in cancer research and therapy.
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6
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Aljabali AA, Obeid MA. Inorganic-organic Nanomaterials for Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/2210681209666190807145229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background::
Surface modification of nanoparticles with targeting moieties can be
achieved through bioconjugation chemistries to impart new Functionalities. Various polymeric
nanoparticles have been used for the formulation of nanoparticles such as naturally-occurring
protein cages, virus-like particles, polymeric saccharides, and liposomes. These polymers have
been proven to be biocompatible, side effects free and degradable with no toxicity.
Objectives::
This paper reviews available literature on the nanoparticles pharmaceutical and medical
applications. The review highlights and updates the customized solutions for selective drug
delivery systems that allow high-affinity binding between nanoparticles and the target receptors.
Methods::
Bibliographic databases and web-search engines were used to retrieve studies that assessed
the usability of nanoparticles in the pharmaceutical and medical fields. Data were extracted
on each system in vivo and in vitro applications, its advantages and disadvantages, and its ability to
be chemically and genetically modified to impart new functionalities. Finally, a comparison
between naturally occurring and their synthetic counterparts was carried out.
Results::
The results showed that nanoparticles-based systems could have promising applications in
diagnostics, cell labeling, contrast agents (Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography),
antimicrobial agents, and as drug delivery systems. However, precautions should be taken
to avoid or minimize toxic effect or incompatibility of nanoparticles-based systems with the biological
systems in case of pharmaceutical or medical applications.
Conclusion::
This review presented a summary of recent developments in the field of pharmaceutical
nanotechnology and highlighted the challenges and the merits that some of the nanoparticles-
based systems both in vivo and in vitro systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A.A. Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, P.O. BOX 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Mohammad A. Obeid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, P.O. BOX 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan
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Kumar K, Paik P. Biomimicked and CPMV-Imprinted Hollow Porous Zinc Phosphate Nanocapsules and Their Therapeutic Efficiency. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:6005-6014. [PMID: 35021829 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hollow zinc phosphate nanocapsules (hZPNCs) are an alloplastic biomaterial that has been synthesized to deliver chemotherapeutic drugs in a sustained manner. A very simple one-pot synthesis approach has been employed to synthesize hZPNCs by using cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) in the presence of phosphate buffer (PBS) (0.01 M PBS, pH ∼7.2) with zinc acetate precursor. The synthesis mechanism of hZPNCs relies on the basis of biomineralization, where the precursor molecules initiate mineralization with the help of amino acid residues present on the CPMV capsid. The synthesized hollow nanocapsules were of diameter ∼50-60 nm and porous shell with thickness of ∼4 nm. The cavity performed as a reservoir for the anticancer drugs (DOX and IM). The release kinetic studies show the positive aspect of hZPNCs to be labeled as drug delivery cargo for sustained delivery. In vitro cytotoxic studies of hZPNCs and hZPNCs-chemo drugs on HEK293, HEPG2, and K562 cells were performed. The cytotoxic studies show that hZPNCs-DOX and hZPNCs-IM arrest the cell cycle of carcinoma cells (HEPG2 and K562 cells) at relatively low IC50 and that the inhibition efficiency is dosage dependent. Furthermore, through HRTEM, in vitro cellular interactions of carcinoma cells with hZPNCs and chemo drug-loaded hZPNCs were confirmed by the cryo-sectioning of cells before and after the incubation. These studies revealed the likely endocytic pathway for the nanocapsules entering the cell and executing the specific action of delivering the anticancer drugs. Together, these results reveal the hZPNCs as potential sustained drug delivery agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushi Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R & D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600062, India.,School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Pradip Paik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 220 051, India.,School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
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Wu J, Wu H, Nakagawa S, Gao J. Virus-derived materials: bury the hatchet with old foes. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:1058-1072. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01383k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Viruses, with special architecture and unique biological nature, can be utilized for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahe Wu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
| | - Honghui Wu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
| | - Shinsaku Nakagawa
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Osaka University
- Suita
- Japan
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
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9
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Audette GF, Yaseen A, Bragagnolo N, Bawa R. Protein Nanotubes: From Bionanotech towards Medical Applications. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7020046. [PMID: 31234611 PMCID: PMC6630890 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanobiotechnology involves the study of structures found in nature to construct nanodevices for biological and medical applications with the ultimate goal of commercialization. Within a cell most biochemical processes are driven by proteins and associated macromolecular complexes. Evolution has optimized these protein-based nanosystems within living organisms over millions of years. Among these are flagellin and pilin-based systems from bacteria, viral-based capsids, and eukaryotic microtubules and amyloids. While carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and protein/peptide-CNT composites, remain one of the most researched nanosystems due to their electrical and mechanical properties, there are many concerns regarding CNT toxicity and biodegradability. Therefore, proteins have emerged as useful biotemplates for nanomaterials due to their assembly under physiologically relevant conditions and ease of manipulation via protein engineering. This review aims to highlight some of the current research employing protein nanotubes (PNTs) for the development of molecular imaging biosensors, conducting wires for microelectronics, fuel cells, and drug delivery systems. The translational potential of PNTs is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald F Audette
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Ayat Yaseen
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Nicholas Bragagnolo
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Raj Bawa
- Patent Law Department, Bawa Biotech LLC, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA.
- Guanine Inc., Rensselaer, NY 12144-3463, USA.
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute of Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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Sapre AA, Yong G, Yeh YS, Ruff LE, Plaut JS, Sayar Z, Agarwal A, Martinez J, Nguyen TN, Liu YT, Messmer BT, Esener SC, Fischer JM. Silica cloaking of adenovirus enhances gene delivery while reducing immunogenicity. J Control Release 2019; 297:48-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Wang X, Xiao Y, Hao H, Zhang Y, Xu X, Tang R. Therapeutic Potential of Biomineralization‐Based Engineering. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced StudiesZhejiang University No. 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Yun Xiao
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of ChemistryZhejiang University No. 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Haibin Hao
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of ChemistryZhejiang University No. 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of ChemistryZhejiang University No. 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Xurong Xu
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced StudiesZhejiang University No. 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced StudiesZhejiang University No. 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of ChemistryZhejiang University No. 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
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12
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Wang X, Liu X, Xiao Y, Hao H, Zhang Y, Tang R. Biomineralization State of Viruses and Their Biological Potential. Chemistry 2018; 24:11518-11529. [PMID: 29377301 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In nature, viruses can realize self-mineralization under metal-ion-abundant conditions. Interestingly, the mineralized state is a transition state of the virus when the host is not available. Mammalian viruses that share the similar chemical properties also stand a chance of transformation into a mineralized state. In this review, we focus on the possibility of mammalian viruses to undergo mineralization under a physiological environment and the development of biomineralized-based virus engineering. We will introduce the effect of biomineralization on the physiochemical or biological properties of viruses and we will discuss the relationship between mineral composition and biological potentials. The new biological prospects of mineralized-state viruses, including bypassing biological barriers, protection, and virus-host recognition, will provide new insight for the biosecurity and prevention of viral infection. With respect to vaccines, the mineralized state can modulate the immune recognition, change the immunization route, and elevate the vaccine efficacy. Together, these findings of the mineralized state of the virus may lead to a new understanding of virus biology, application, and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, No.38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xueyao Liu
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, No.38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yun Xiao
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, No.38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Haibin Hao
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, No.38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, No.38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, No.38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, P. R. China.,Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, No.38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, P. R. China
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13
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Dickmeis C, Altintoprak K, van Rijn P, Wege C, Commandeur U. Bioinspired Silica Mineralization on Viral Templates. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1776:337-362. [PMID: 29869253 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7808-3_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant virus capsids are attractive entities for nanotechnological applications because of their variation in shape and natural assembly ability. This chapter describes the production and modification of three differently shaped plant virus capsids for silica mineralization purposes. The chosen plant viruses exhibit either an icosahedral (cowpea mosaic virus, CPMV), or a flexuous rod-like structure (potato virus X, PVX), or a rigid rod-like shape (tobacco mosaic virus, TMV), and are well-known and frequently used plant viruses for biotechnological applications. We describe the production (including genetic or chemical modification) and purification of the plant viruses or of empty virus-like particles in the case of CPMV, as well as the characterization of these harvested templates. The mineralization procedures and differences in the protocols specific to the distinct viruses are described, and the analyses of the mineralization results are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Dickmeis
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Klara Altintoprak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christina Wege
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ulrich Commandeur
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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14
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Kumar K, Penugurti V, Levi G, Mastai Y, Manavathi B, Paik P. Bio-inspired synthesis of a hierarchical self-assembled zinc phosphate nanostructure in the presence of cowpea mosaic virus: in vitro cell cycle, proliferation and prospects for tissue regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 13:015013. [PMID: 29216013 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa84e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly is an important auto-organization process used in designing structural biomaterials which have the potential capability to heal tissues after traumatic injury. Although various materials having the ability to heal after injury are available, there is still a substantial need to develop new improved materials. To address this issue, we have developed hierarchical three-dimensional (3D) self-assembled zinc phosphate (Zn3(PO4)2) in the presence of cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV). Zn3(PO4)2 nanoparticles are self-assembled into nanosheets with a high degree of isotropy and then self-organized into a 3D structure that can enhance surface interactions with biological entities. The self-assembled structure is formed through the auto-organization of nanoparticles of size ∼50 nm under the influence of CPMV. The cellular response of self-assembled Zn3(PO4)2 and cell-particle adhesion behavior have been investigated through in vitro studies using modeled osteoblast-like MG63 cells. Self-assembled Zn3(PO4)2 resulted in proliferation of MG63 cells of up to 310% within 7 days of incubation. A 15% higher proliferation was obtained than with commercially available hydroxyapatite (HAp). Immunofluorescent analysis of MG63 cells after co-culturing with self-assembled Zn3(PO4)2 confirmed the healthy cytoskeletal organization and dense proliferation of MG63 cells. Further, Zn3(PO4)2 exhibited ∼28% cell-cycle progression in S phase, which is higher than obtained with commercially available HAp. Overall, these results demonstrate the multiple functions of hierarchical self-assembled Zn3(PO4)2 in the regeneration of bone tissue without defects and increasing the formation of cellular networks, and suggest its use in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushi Kumar
- School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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15
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Narayanan KB, Han SS. Icosahedral plant viral nanoparticles - bioinspired synthesis of nanomaterials/nanostructures. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 248:1-19. [PMID: 28916111 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Viral nanotechnology utilizes virus nanoparticles (VNPs) and virus-like nanoparticles (VLPs) of plant viruses as highly versatile platforms for materials synthesis and molecular entrapment that can be used in the nanotechnological fields, such as in next-generation nanoelectronics, nanocatalysis, biosensing and optics, and biomedical applications, such as for targeting, therapeutic delivery, and non-invasive in vivo imaging with high specificity and selectivity. In particular, plant virus capsids provide biotemplates for the production of novel nanostructured materials with organic/inorganic moieties incorporated in a very precise and controlled manner. Interestingly, capsid proteins of spherical plant viruses can self-assemble into well-organized icosahedral three-dimensional (3D) nanoscale multivalent architectures with high monodispersity and structural symmetry. Using viral genetic and protein engineering of icosahedral viruses with a variety of sizes, the interior, exterior and the interfaces between coat protein (CP) subunits can be manipulated to fabricate materials with a wide range of desirable properties allowing for biomineralization, encapsulation, infusion, controlled self-assembly, and multivalent ligand display of nanoparticles or molecules for varied applications. In this review, we discuss the various functional nanomaterials/nanostructures developed using the VNPs and VLPs of different icosahedral plant viruses and their nano(bio)technological and nanomedical applications.
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16
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Lemloh ML, Altintoprak K, Wege C, Weiss IM, Rothenstein D. Biogenic and Synthetic Peptides with Oppositely Charged Amino Acids as Binding Sites for Mineralization. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E119. [PMID: 28772478 PMCID: PMC5459154 DOI: 10.3390/ma10020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Proteins regulate diverse biological processes by the specific interaction with, e.g., nucleic acids, proteins and inorganic molecules. The generation of inorganic hybrid materials, such as shell formation in mollusks, is a protein-controlled mineralization process. Moreover, inorganic-binding peptides are attractive for the bioinspired mineralization of non-natural inorganic functional materials for technical applications. However, it is still challenging to identify mineral-binding peptide motifs from biological systems as well as for technical systems. Here, three complementary approaches were combined to analyze protein motifs consisting of alternating positively and negatively charged amino acids: (i) the screening of natural biomineralization proteins; (ii) the selection of inorganic-binding peptides derived from phage display; and (iii) the mineralization of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-based templates. A respective peptide motif displayed on the TMV surface had a major impact on the SiO₂ mineralization. In addition, similar motifs were found in zinc oxide- and zirconia-binding peptides indicating a general binding feature. The comparative analysis presented here raises new questions regarding whether or not there is a common design principle based on acidic and basic amino acids for peptides interacting with minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Lemloh
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems (IBBS), Biobased Materials, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Klara Altintoprak
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems (IBBS), Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Christina Wege
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems (IBBS), Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
- Projekthaus NanoBioMater, Allmandring 5B, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Ingrid M Weiss
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems (IBBS), Biobased Materials, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
- Projekthaus NanoBioMater, Allmandring 5B, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Dirk Rothenstein
- Projekthaus NanoBioMater, Allmandring 5B, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
- Institute for Materials Science, Chair of Chemical Materials Synthesis, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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17
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Liu A, Yang L, Verwegen M, Reardon D, Cornelissen JJM. Construction of core-shell hybrid nanoparticles templated by virus-like particles. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11310b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytically active gold in silica core–shell nanoparticles are prepared by pH controlled templating on virus-like particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Liu
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Nanotechnology (BNT)
- MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
- The Netherlands
| | - L. Yang
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Nanotechnology (BNT)
- MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
- The Netherlands
| | - M. Verwegen
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Nanotechnology (BNT)
- MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
- The Netherlands
| | - D. Reardon
- DSM Materials Science Center
- 6160 MD Geleen
- The Netherlands
| | - J. J. L. M. Cornelissen
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Nanotechnology (BNT)
- MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
- The Netherlands
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18
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Myerson JW, Anselmo AC, Liu Y, Mitragotri S, Eckmann DM, Muzykantov VR. Non-affinity factors modulating vascular targeting of nano- and microcarriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 99:97-112. [PMID: 26596696 PMCID: PMC4798918 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Particles capable of homing and adhering to specific vascular biomarkers have potential as fundamental tools in drug delivery for mediation of a wide variety of pathologies, including inflammation, thrombosis, and pulmonary disorders. The presentation of affinity ligands on the surface of a particle provides a means of targeting the particle to sites of therapeutic interest, but a host of other factors come into play in determining the targeting capacity of the particle. This review presents a summary of several key considerations in nano- and microparticle design that modulate targeted delivery without directly altering epitope-specific affinity. Namely, we describe the effect of factors in definition of the base carrier (including shape, size, and flexibility) on the capacity of carriers to access, adhere to, and integrate in target biological milieus. Furthermore, we present a summary of fundamental dynamics of carrier behavior in circulation, taking into account interactions with cells in circulation and the role of hemodynamics in mediating the direction of carriers to target sites. Finally, we note non-affinity aspects to uptake and intracellular trafficking of carriers in target cells. In total, recent findings presented here may offer an opportunity to capitalize on mitigating factors in the behavior of ligand-targeted carriers in order to optimize targeting.
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19
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Huynh NT, Hesketh EL, Saxena P, Meshcheriakova Y, Ku YC, Hoang LT, Johnson JE, Ranson NA, Lomonossoff GP, Reddy VS. Crystal Structure and Proteomics Analysis of Empty Virus-like Particles of Cowpea Mosaic Virus. Structure 2016; 24:567-575. [PMID: 27021160 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Empty virus-like particles (eVLPs) of Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) are currently being utilized as reagents in various biomedical and nanotechnology applications. Here, we report the crystal structure of CPMV eVLPs determined using X-ray crystallography at 2.3 Å resolution and compare it with previously reported cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) of eVLPs and virion crystal structures. Although the X-ray and cryo-EM structures of eVLPs are mostly similar, there exist significant differences at the C terminus of the small (S) subunit. The intact C terminus of the S subunit plays a critical role in enabling the efficient assembly of CPMV virions and eVLPs, but undergoes proteolysis after particle formation. In addition, we report the results of mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis of coat protein subunits from CPMV eVLPs and virions that identify the C termini of S subunits undergo proteolytic cleavages at multiple sites instead of a single cleavage site as previously observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhung T Huynh
- Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Emma L Hesketh
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Pooja Saxena
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Yulia Meshcheriakova
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - You-Chan Ku
- Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Linh T Hoang
- Scripps Center for Metabolics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John E Johnson
- Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Neil A Ranson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - George P Lomonossoff
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Vijay S Reddy
- Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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20
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Mechanisms of assembly and genome packaging in an RNA virus revealed by high-resolution cryo-EM. Nat Commun 2015; 6:10113. [PMID: 26657148 PMCID: PMC4682053 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cowpea mosaic virus is a plant-infecting member of the Picornavirales and is of major interest in the development of biotechnology applications. Despite the availability of >100 crystal structures of Picornavirales capsids, relatively little is known about the mechanisms of capsid assembly and genome encapsidation. Here we have determined cryo-electron microscopy reconstructions for the wild-type virus and an empty virus-like particle, to 3.4 Å and 3.0 Å resolution, respectively, and built de novo atomic models of their capsids. These new structures reveal the C-terminal region of the small coat protein subunit, which is essential for virus assembly and which was missing from previously determined crystal structures, as well as residues that bind to the viral genome. These observations allow us to develop a new model for genome encapsidation and capsid assembly. Little is known about how the plant-infecting cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV)—an invaluable tool in several biotechnology applications—packages its single-strand RNA genome into the capsid. Here the authors present two high-resolution cryo-EM structures of CPMV and a new model for RNA recognition and capsid assembly.
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21
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Nikitin N, Trifonova E, Evtushenko E, Kirpichnikov M, Atabekov J, Karpova O. Comparative Study of Non-Enveloped Icosahedral Viruses Size. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142415. [PMID: 26545232 PMCID: PMC4636260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Now, as before, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a widely used technique for the determination of virions size. In some studies, dynamic light scattering (DLS) has also been applied for this purpose. Data obtained by different authors and using different methods could vary significantly. The process of TEM sample preparation involves drying on the substrate, which can cause virions to undergo morphology changes. Therefore, other techniques should be used for measurements of virions size in liquid, (i.e. under conditions closer to native). DLS and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) provide supplementary data about the virions hydrodynamic diameter and aggregation state in liquid. In contrast to DLS, NTA data have a higher resolution and also are less sensitive to minor admixtures. In the present work, the size of non-enveloped icosahedral viruses of different nature was analyzed by TEM, DLS and NTA: the viruses used were the encephalomyocarditis virus (animal virus), and cauliflower mosaic virus, brome mosaic virus and bean mild mosaic virus (plant viruses). The same, freshly purified, samples of each virus were used for analysis using the different techniques. The results were compared with earlier published data and description databases. DLS data about the hydrodynamic diameter of bean mild mosaic virus, and NTA data for all examined viruses, were obtained for the first time. For all virus samples, the values of size obtained by TEM were less than virions sizes determined by DLS and NTA. The contribution of the electrical double layer (EDL) in virions hydrodynamic diameter was evaluated. DLS and NTA data adjusted for EDL thickness were in better agreement with TEM results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Olga Karpova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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22
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Zhu DY, Rong MZ, Zhang MQ. Self-healing polymeric materials based on microencapsulated healing agents: From design to preparation. Prog Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Viral nanoparticles, noble metal decorated viruses and their nanoconjugates. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 222:119-34. [PMID: 24836299 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Virus-based nanotechnology has generated interest in a number of applications due to the specificity of virus interaction with inorganic and organic nanoparticles. A well-defined structure of virus due to its multifunctional proteinaceous shell (capsid) surrounding genomic material is a promising approach to obtain nanostructured materials. Viruses hold great promise in assembling and interconnecting novel nanosized components, allowing to develop organized nanoparticle assemblies. Due to their size, monodispersity, and variety of chemical groups available for modification, they make a good scaffold for molecular assembly into nanoscale devices. Virus based nanocomposites are useful as an engineering material for the construction of smart nanoobjects because of their ability to associate into desired structures including a number of morphologies. Viruses exhibit the characteristics of an ideal template for the formation of nanoconjugates with noble metal nanoparticles. These bioinspired systems form monodispersed units that are highly amenable through genetic and chemical modifications. As nanoscale assemblies, viruses have sophisticated yet highly ordered structural features, which, in many cases, have been carefully characterized by modern structural biological methods. Plant viruses are increasingly being used for nanobiotechnology purposes because of their relative structural and chemical stability, ease of production, multifunctionality and lack of toxicity and pathogenicity in animals or humans. The multifunctional viruses interact with nanoparticles and other functional additives to the generation of bioconjugates with different properties – possible antiviral and antibacterial activities.
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24
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Altintoprak K, Seidenstücker A, Welle A, Eiben S, Atanasova P, Stitz N, Plettl A, Bill J, Gliemann H, Jeske H, Rothenstein D, Geiger F, Wege C. Peptide-equipped tobacco mosaic virus templates for selective and controllable biomineral deposition. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 6:1399-412. [PMID: 26199844 PMCID: PMC4505087 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.6.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The coating of regular-shaped, readily available nanorod biotemplates with inorganic compounds has attracted increasing interest during recent years. The goal is an effective, bioinspired fabrication of fiber-reinforced composites and robust, miniaturized technical devices. Major challenges in the synthesis of applicable mineralized nanorods lie in selectivity and adjustability of the inorganic material deposited on the biological, rod-shaped backbones, with respect to thickness and surface profile of the resulting coating, as well as the avoidance of aggregation into extended superstructures. Nanotubular tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) templates have proved particularly suitable towards this goal: Their multivalent protein coating can be modified by high-surface-density conjugation of peptides, inducing and governing silica deposition from precursor solutions in vitro. In this study, TMV has been equipped with mineralization-directing peptides designed to yield silica coatings in a reliable and predictable manner via precipitation from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) precursors. Three peptide groups were compared regarding their influence on silica polymerization: (i) two peptide variants with alternating basic and acidic residues, i.e. lysine-aspartic acid (KD) x motifs expected to act as charge-relay systems promoting TEOS hydrolysis and silica polymerization; (ii) a tetrahistidine-exposing polypeptide (CA4H4) known to induce silicification due to the positive charge of its clustered imidazole side chains; and (iii) two peptides with high ZnO binding affinity. Differential effects on the mineralization of the TMV surface were demonstrated, where a (KD) x charge-relay peptide (designed in this study) led to the most reproducible and selective silica deposition. A homogenous coating of the biotemplate and tight control of shell thickness were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Altintoprak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Axel Seidenstücker
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Welle
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sabine Eiben
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Petia Atanasova
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nina Stitz
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alfred Plettl
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Joachim Bill
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Holger Jeske
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dirk Rothenstein
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Fania Geiger
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christina Wege
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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25
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Bain J, Staniland SS. Bioinspired nanoreactors for the biomineralisation of metallic-based nanoparticles for nanomedicine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:15508-21. [PMID: 25865599 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00375j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review explores the synthesis of inorganic metallic-based nanoparticles (MBNPs) (metals, alloys, metal oxides) using biological and biologically inspired nanoreactors for precipitation/crystallisation. Such nanoparticles exhibit a range of nanoscale properties such as surface plasmon resonance (nobel metals e.g. Au), fluorescence (semiconductor quantum dots e.g. CdSe) and nanomagnetism (magnetic alloys e.g. CoPt and iron oxides e.g. magnetite), which are currently the subject of intensive research for their applicability in diagnostic and therapeutic nanomedicine. For such applications, MBNPs are required to be biocompatible, of a precise size and shape for a consistent signal or output and be easily modified with biomolecules for applications. Ideally the MBNPs would be obtained via an environmentally-friendly synthetic route. A biological or biologically inspired nanoreactor synthesis of MBNPs is shown to address these issues. Biological nanoreactors for crystallizing MBNPs within cells (magnetosomes), protein cages (ferritin) and virus capsids (cowpea chlorotic mottle, cowpea mosaic and tobacco mosaic viruses), are discussed along with how these have been modified for applications and for the next generation of new materials. Biomimetic liposome, polymersome and even designed self-assembled proteinosome nanoreactors are also reviewed for MBNP crystallisation and further modification for applications. With the advent of synthetic biology, the research and understanding in this field is growing, with the goal of realising nanoreactor synthesis of MBNPs for biomedical applications within our grasp in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK.
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26
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Liu B, Cao Y, Huang Z, Duan Y, Che S. Silica biomineralization via the self-assembly of helical biomolecules. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:479-97. [PMID: 25339438 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201401485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The biomimetic synthesis of relevant silica materials using biological macromolecules as templates via silica biomineralization processes attract rapidly rising attention toward natural and artificial materials. Biomimetic synthesis studies are useful for improving the understanding of the formation mechanism of the hierarchical structures found in living organisms (such as diatoms and sponges) and for promoting significant developments in the biotechnology, nanotechnology and materials chemistry fields. Chirality is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature and is an inherent feature of biomolecular components in organisms. Helical biomolecules, one of the most important types of chiral macromolecules, can self-assemble into multiple liquid-crystal structures and be used as biotemplates for silica biomineralization, which renders them particularly useful for fabricating complex silica materials under ambient conditions. Over the past two decades, many new silica materials with hierarchical structures and complex morphologies have been created using helical biomolecules. In this review, the developments in this field are described and the recent progress in silica biomineralization templating using several classes of helical biomolecules, including DNA, polypeptides, cellulose and rod-like viruses is summarized. Particular focus is placed on the formation mechanism of biomolecule-silica materials (BSMs) with hierarchical structures. Finally, current research challenges and future developments are discussed in the conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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27
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Shah SS, Shah SN, Heddle JG. Polymer-mediated Dual Mineralization of a Plant Virus: A Platinum Nanowire Encapsulated by Iron Oxide. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.140930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shama S. Shah
- Heddle Initiative Research Unit
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University
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28
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Kumar K, Kumar Doddi S, Kalle Arunasree M, Paik P. CPMV-induced synthesis of hollow mesoporous SiO2 nanocapsules with excellent performance in drug delivery. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:4308-17. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02549k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of CPMV- hollow silica nanocapsules and their use in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushi Kumar
- School of Engineering Sciences and Technology
- University of Hyderabad
- India
| | | | | | - Pradip Paik
- School of Engineering Sciences and Technology
- University of Hyderabad
- India
- Advanced Research Centre for High Energy Materials
- University of Hyderabad
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29
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Mun EA, Hannell C, Rogers SE, Hole P, Williams AC, Khutoryanskiy VV. On the role of specific interactions in the diffusion of nanoparticles in aqueous polymer solutions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:308-17. [PMID: 24354390 PMCID: PMC3931530 DOI: 10.1021/la4029035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding nanoparticle diffusion within non-Newtonian biological and synthetic fluids is essential in designing novel formulations (e.g., nanomedicines for drug delivery, shampoos, lotions, coatings, paints, etc.), but is presently poorly defined. This study reports the diffusion of thiolated and PEGylated silica nanoparticles, characterized by small-angle neutron scattering, in solutions of various water-soluble polymers such as poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) probed using NanoSight nanoparticle tracking analysis. Results show that the diffusivity of nanoparticles is affected by their dimensions, medium viscosity, and, in particular, the specific interactions between nanoparticles and the macromolecules in solution; strong attractive interactions such as hydrogen bonding hamper diffusion. The water-soluble polymers retarded the diffusion of thiolated particles in the order PEO > PVP > PAA > HEC whereas for PEGylated silica particles retardation followed the order PAA > PVP = HEC > PEO. In the absence of specific interactions with the medium, PEGylated nanoparticles exhibit enhanced mobility compared to their thiolated counterparts despite some increase in their dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellina A. Mun
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 224, Reading, Berkshire RG6
6AD, U.K.
| | - Claire Hannell
- NanoSight Ltd, Minton Park, London Road, Amesbury SP4 7RT, U.K.
| | - Sarah E. Rogers
- ISIS Spallation Neutron
Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton
Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX U.K.
| | - Patrick Hole
- NanoSight Ltd, Minton Park, London Road, Amesbury SP4 7RT, U.K.
| | - Adrian C. Williams
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 224, Reading, Berkshire RG6
6AD, U.K.
| | - Vitaliy V. Khutoryanskiy
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 224, Reading, Berkshire RG6
6AD, U.K.
- E-mail: ,. Tel: +44 (0) 118 373 6119
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Shah SN, Shah SS, Ito E, Heddle JG. Template-free, hollow and porous platinum nanotubes derived from tobamovirus and their three-dimensional structure at the nanoscale. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04681a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A tobamovirus is used as a removable template for facile production of a porous platinum nanotube with a 13 nm central channel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shama S. Shah
- Heddle Initiative Research Unit
- Wako, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience
- Waseda University
- Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Eisuke Ito
- Functional Thin Films Team
- Research Center for Photovoltaic Technologies
- Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba, Japan
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Aljabali AAA, Evans DJ. Templated mineralization by charge-modified cowpea mosaic virus. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1108:89-95. [PMID: 24243242 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-751-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Templated mineralization of virus particles provides routes to narrowly dispersed nanoparticles that are not readily prepared by other means. The templated mineralization of metal or metal oxide on the external surface of wild-type cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), a plant virus, is facilitated by increasing the external surface negative charge. This is achieved by the chemical modification of surface lysine groups by succinic anhydride. Hence, for example, treatment of charge-modified CPMV succinamate with a 1:2 mixture of iron(II) and iron(III) salts, followed by raising the pH to 10.2, led to the formation of narrowly dispersed, CPMV-templated, magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles.
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32
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Aljabali AAA, Evans DJ. Polyelectrolyte-modified cowpea mosaic virus for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1108:97-103. [PMID: 24243243 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-751-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte surface-modified cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) can be used for the templated synthesis of narrowly dispersed gold nanoparticles. Cationic polyelectrolyte, poly(allylamine) hydrochloride, is electrostatically bound to the external surface of the virus capsid. The polyelectrolyte-coated CPMV promotes adsorption of aqueous gold hydroxide anionic species, prepared from gold(III) chloride and potassium carbonate, that are easily reduced to form CPMV-templated gold nanoparticles. The process is simple and environmentally benign using only water as solvent at ambient temperature.
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33
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Love AJ, Makarov V, Yaminsky I, Kalinina NO, Taliansky ME. The use of tobacco mosaic virus and cowpea mosaic virus for the production of novel metal nanomaterials. Virology 2013; 449:133-9. [PMID: 24418546 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to the nanoscale size and the strictly controlled and consistent morphologies of viruses, there has been a recent interest in utilizing them in nanotechnology. The structure, surface chemistries and physical properties of many viruses have been well elucidated, which have allowed identification of regions of their capsids which can be modified either chemically or genetically for nanotechnological uses. In this review we focus on the use of such modifications for the functionalization and production of viruses and empty viral capsids that can be readily decorated with metals in a highly tuned manner. In particular, we discuss the use of two plant viruses (Cowpea mosaic virus and Tobacco mosaic virus) which have been extensively used for production of novel metal nanoparticles (<100nm), composites and building blocks for 2D and 3D materials, and illustrate their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Love
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, United Kingdom.
| | - Valentine Makarov
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Yaminsky
- Physical Faculty of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia O Kalinina
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Saunders K, Lomonossoff GP. Exploiting plant virus-derived components to achieve in planta expression and for templates for synthetic biology applications. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 200:16-26. [PMID: 23452220 PMCID: PMC7167714 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses the varying roles that have been played by many plant-viral regulatory sequences and proteins in the creation of plant-based expression systems and virus particles for use in nanotechnology. Essentially, there are two ways of expressing an exogenous protein: the creation of transgenic plants possessing a stably integrated gene construction, or the transient expression of the desired gene following the infiltration of the gene construct. Both depend on disarmed strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens to deliver the created gene construction into cell nuclei, usually through the deployment of virus-derived components. The importance of efficient mRNA translation in the latter process is highlighted. Plant viruses replicate to sustain an infection to promote their survival. The major product of this, the virus particle, is finding increasing roles in the emerging field of bionanotechnology. One of the major products of plant-viral expression is the virus-like particle (VLP). These are increasingly playing a role in vaccine development. Similarly, many VLPs are suitable for the investigation of the many facets of the emerging field of synthetic biology, which encompasses the design and construction of new biological functions and systems not found in nature. Genetic and chemical modifications to plant-generated VLPs serve as ideal starter templates for many downstream synthetic biology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Saunders
- Department of Biological ChemistryJohn Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UHUK
| | - George P. Lomonossoff
- Department of Biological ChemistryJohn Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UHUK
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35
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Geiger FC, Eber FJ, Eiben S, Mueller A, Jeske H, Spatz JP, Wege C. TMV nanorods with programmed longitudinal domains of differently addressable coat proteins. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:3808-16. [PMID: 23519401 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr33724c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The spacing of functional nanoscopic elements may play a fundamental role in nanotechnological and biomedical applications, but is so far rarely achieved on this scale. In this study we show that tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and the RNA-guided self-assembly process of its coat protein (CP) can be used to establish new nanorod scaffolds that can be loaded not only with homogeneously distributed functionalities, but with distinct molecule species grouped and ordered along the longitudinal axis. The arrangement of the resulting domains and final carrier rod length both were governed by RNA-templated two-step in vitro assembly. Two selectively addressable TMV CP mutants carrying either thiol (TMVCys) or amino (TMVLys) groups on the exposed surface were engineered and shown to retain reactivity towards maleimides or NHS esters, respectively, after acetic acid-based purification and re-assembly to novel carrier rod types. Stepwise combination of CP(Cys) and CP(Lys) with RNA allowed fabrication of TMV-like nanorods with a controlled total length of 300 or 330 nm, respectively, consisting of adjacent longitudinal 100-to-200 nm domains of differently addressable CP species. This technology paves the way towards rod-shaped scaffolds with pre-defined, selectively reactive barcode patterns on the nanometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fania C Geiger
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max-Planck-Institute for Intelligent Systems, University of Heidelberg, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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36
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Gupta S, Chatni MR, Rao ALN, Vullev VI, Wang LV, Anvari B. Virus-mimicking nano-constructs as a contrast agent for near infrared photoacoustic imaging. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:1772-6. [PMID: 23334567 PMCID: PMC3626106 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr34124k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the first proof-of-principle demonstration of photoacoustic imaging using a contrast agent composed of a plant virus protein shell, which encapsulates indocyanine green (ICG), the only FDA-approved near infrared chromophore. These nano-constructs can provide higher photoacoustic signals than blood in tissue phantoms, and display superior photostability compared to non-encapsulated ICG. Our preliminary results suggest that the constructs do not elicit an acute immunogenic response in healthy mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad Gupta
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Muhammad R. Chatni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 963130, USA
| | - Ayala L. N. Rao
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Valentine I. Vullev
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 963130, USA
| | - Bahman Anvari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Lin HK, van der Schoot P, Zandi R. Impact of charge variation on the encapsulation of nanoparticles by virus coat proteins. Phys Biol 2012; 9:066004. [PMID: 23114290 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/9/6/066004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Electrostatic interaction is the driving force for the encapsulation by virus coat proteins of nanoparticles such as quantum dots, gold particles and magnetic beads for, e.g., imaging and therapeutic purposes. In recent experimental work, Daniel et al (2010 ACS Nano 4 3853-60) found the encapsulation efficiency to sensitively depend on the interplay between the surface charge density of negatively charged gold nanoparticles and the number of positive charges on the RNA binding domains of the proteins. Surprisingly, these experiments reveal that despite the highly cooperative nature of the co-assembly at low pH, the efficiency of encapsulation is a gradual function of their surface charge density. We present a simple all-or-nothing mass action law combined with an electrostatic interaction model to explain the experiments. We find quantitative agreement with experimental observations, supporting the existence of a natural statistical charge distribution between nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Ku Lin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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38
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Abstract
Proteins are the work-horses of life and excute the essential processes involved in the growth and repair of cells. These roles include all aspects of cell signalling, metabolism and repair that allow living things to exist. They are not only chemical catalysts and machine components, they are also structural components of the cell or organism, capable of self-organisation into strong supramolecular cages, fibres and meshes. How proteins are encoded genetically and how they are sythesised in vivo is now well understood, and for an increasing number of proteins, the relationship between structure and function is known in exquisite detail. The next challenge in bionanoscience is to adapt useful protein systems to build new functional structures. Well-defined natural structures with potential useful shapes are a good starting point. With this in mind, in this chapter we discuss the properties of natural and artificial protein channels, nanotubes and cages with regard to recent progress and potential future applications. Chemistries for attaching together different proteins to form superstructures are considered as well as the difficulties associated with designing complex protein structures ab initio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G. Heddle
- Heddle Initiative Research Unit RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Jeremy R. H. Tame
- Protein Design Laboratory Yokohama City University 1-7—29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
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Patil AJ, McGrath N, Barclay JE, Evans DJ, Cölfen H, Manners I, Perriman AW, Mann S. Liquid viruses by nanoscale engineering of capsid surfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:4557-4563. [PMID: 22807140 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201201032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Surface engineering of plant virus capsids via cationization (1) and stoichiometric coupling of a polymer surfactant coronal layer (2) produces a highly concentrated, solvent-free liquid virus at 28 °C. These ionic bionanoconstructs are viscoelastic, retain plant infectivity and can be dispersed in a range of organic solvents for aerosol delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash J Patil
- Centre for Organized Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
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40
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Rego JM, Yi H. Viruses as Self-Assembled Templates. Supramol Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470661345.smc087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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41
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Taghavian O, Mandal MK, Steinmetz NF, Rasche S, Spiegel H, Fischer R, Schillberg S. A potential nanobiotechnology platform based on infectious bursal disease subviral particles. RSC Adv 2012. [PMID: 28638593 DOI: 10.1039/c2ra00857b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a novel nanobiotechnology platform based on subviral particles derived from infectious bursal disease virus (IBD-SVPs). The major virus coat protein VP2 assembles into spherical, 23 nm SVPs when expressed as a heterologous protein in the yeast Pichia pastoris. We recovered up to 38 mg of IBD-SVPs at > 95% purity from 1 L of recombinant yeast culture. The purified particles were able to tolerate organic solvents up to 20% concentration (ethanol or dimethylsulfoxide), they resisted temperatures up to 65 °C and remained stable over a wide pH range (2.5-9.0). We achieved bioconjugation to the amine groups of lysine residues and to the carboxyl groups of aspartic and glutamic acid residues, allowing the functionalization of IBD-SVPs with biotin. The accessibility of surface amine groups was measured using Alexa Fluor 488 N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester, an amine-selective fluorescent dye, revealing that approximately 60 dye molecules were attached to the surface of each particle. IBD-SVPs can therefore be exploited as a robust and versatile nanoscaffold to display diverse functional ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Taghavian
- Fraunhofer IME, Forckenbeckstraβe 6, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Manoj K Mandal
- Fraunhofer IME, Forckenbeckstraβe 6, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Stefan Rasche
- Fraunhofer IME, Forckenbeckstraβe 6, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Holger Spiegel
- Fraunhofer IME, Forckenbeckstraβe 6, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fischer
- Fraunhofer IME, Forckenbeckstraβe 6, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Institut für Molekulare Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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42
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Abstract
The capsids of most plant viruses are simple and robust structures consisting of multiple copies of one or a few types of protein subunit arranged with either icosahedral or helical symmetry. In many cases, capsids can be produced in large quantities either by the infection of plants or by the expression of the subunit(s) in a variety of heterologous systems. In view of their relative simplicity, stability and ease of production, plant virus particles or virus-like particles (VLPs) have attracted attention as potential reagents for applications in bionanotechnology. As a result, plant virus particles have been subjected to both genetic and chemical modification, have been used to encapsulate foreign material and have, themselves, been incorporated into supramolecular structures.
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43
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Aljabali AAA, Lomonossoff GP, Evans DJ. CPMV-Polyelectrolyte-Templated Gold Nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:2723-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bm200499v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A. A. Aljabali
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - George P. Lomonossoff
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Evans
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
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44
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Kehrloesser D, Baumann RP, Kim HC, Hampp N. Photochemistry of coumarin-functionalized SiO2 nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:4149-4155. [PMID: 21401069 DOI: 10.1021/la200238y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis and photochemistry of coumarin-functionalized silica nanoparticles, which were prepared utilizing 7-[3-(triethoxysilyl)propanyloxy]coumarin (TPC) to attach coumarin as a photoactive group to the silica nanoparticle surface. The nanoparticle size and morphology were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. The diameter of the spherical nanoparticles was determined by all three methods to be about 40 nm. The surface functionalization was characterized in the bulk by ζ-potential measurements and on the single-nanoparticle level by electrostatic force microscopy, where the difference in surface potential between TPC-modified and unmodified silica nanoparticles is measured. The degree of surface functionalization was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and a theoretical limit of about 23,000 coumarin entities per nanoparticle was calculated. The photochemistry, and its reversibility, of the nanoparticle-attached coumarin entities was found to be quite different from the coumarin photochemistry in solution or on flat surfaces. Photodimerization with light of 355 nm and photocleavage with light of 254, 266, and 280 nm were analyzed by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Following several cycles of photodimerization and photocleavage showed that the absorption change at 320 nm decreases from cycle to cycle. The coumarin layer on the nanoparticles was proven to be unchanged by TGA. The apparent loss of absorption change is due to the formation of interlinked nanoparticles during the dimerization-cleavage cycles. Because the coumarin groups on the inside of the obtained nanoparticle clusters are inaccessible to light, the amount of "uncleavable" dicoumarins increases, thus lowering the obtainable absorption change from cycle to cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kehrloesser
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, Building H, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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Abstract
Viral nanotechnology is an emerging and highly interdisciplinary field in which viral nanoparticles (VNPs) are applied in diverse areas such as electronics, energy and next-generation medical devices. VNPs have been developed as candidates for novel materials, and are often described as "programmable" because they can be modified and functionalized using a number of techniques. In this review, we discuss the concepts and methods that allow VNPs to be engineered, including (i) bioconjugation chemistries, (ii) encapsulation techniques, (iii) mineralization strategies, and (iv) film and hydrogel development. With all these techniques in hand, the potential applications of VNPs are limited only by the imagination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K. Pokorski
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Center for Imaging Research, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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46
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Aljabali AAA, Shah SN, Evans-Gowing R, Lomonossoff GP, Evans DJ. Chemically-coupled-peptide-promoted virus nanoparticle templated mineralization. Integr Biol (Camb) 2011; 3:119-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ib00056f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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47
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Schulz A, Wang H, van Rijn P, Böker A. Synthetic inorganic materials by mimicking biomineralization processes using native and non-native protein functions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm12490k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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48
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Wu C, Wang X, Zhao L, Gao Y, Ma R, An Y, Shi L. Facile strategy for synthesis of silica/polymer hybrid hollow nanoparticles with channels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:18503-18507. [PMID: 21062000 DOI: 10.1021/la103629v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The silica/polymer hybrid hollow nanoparticles with channels and gatekeepers were successfully fabricated with a facile strategy by using thermoresponsive complex micelles of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PEG-b-PNIPAM) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PNIPAM-b-P4VP) as the template. In aqueous solution, the complex micelles (PEG-b-PNIPAM/PNIPAM-b-P4VP) formed with the PNIPAM block as the core and the PEG/P4VP blocks as the mixed shell at 45 °C and pH 4.0. After shell cross-linking by 1,2-bis(2-iodoethoxyl)ethane (BIEE), tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) selectively well-deposited on the P4VP block and processed the sol-gel reaction. When the temperature was decreased to 4 °C, the PNIPAM block became swollen and further soluble, and the PEG-b-PNIPAM block copolymer escaped from the hybrid nanoparticles as a result of swelled PNIPAM and weak interaction between PEG and silica at pH 4.0. Therefore, the hybrid hollow silica nanoparticles with inner thermoresponsive PNIPAM as gatekeepers and channels in the silica shell were successfully obtained, which could be used for switchable controlled drug release. In the system, the complex micelles, as a template, could avoid the formation of larger aggregates during the preparation of the hybrid hollow silica nanoparticles. The thermoresponsive core (PNIPAM) could conveniently control the hollow space through the stimuli-responsive phase transition instead of calcination or chemical etching. In the meantime, the channel in the hybrid silica shell could be achieved because of the escape of PEG chains from the hybrid nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
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49
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Aljabali AAA, Barclay JE, Lomonossoff GP, Evans DJ. Virus templated metallic nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2010; 2:2596-2600. [PMID: 20877898 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00525h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses are considered as nanobuilding blocks that can be used as synthons or templates for novel materials. Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) particles have been shown to template the fabrication of metallic nanoparticles by an electroless deposition metallization process. Palladium ions were electrostatically bound to the virus capsid and, when reduced, acted as nucleation sites for the subsequent metal deposition from solution. The method, although simple, produced highly monodisperse metallic nanoparticles with a diameter of ca. ≤35 nm. CPMV-templated particles were prepared with cobalt, nickel, iron, platinum, cobalt-platinum and nickel-iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A A Aljabali
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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50
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Mieszawska AJ, Nadkarni LD, Perry CC, Kaplan DL. Nanoscale control of silica particle formation via silk-silica fusion proteins for bone regeneration. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2010; 22:5780-5785. [PMID: 20976116 PMCID: PMC2956983 DOI: 10.1021/cm101940u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The biomimetic design of silk/silica fusion proteins was carried out, combining the self assembling domains of spider dragline silk (Nephila clavipes) and silaffin derived R5 peptide of Cylindrotheca fusiformis that is responsible for silica mineralization. Genetic engineering was used to generate the protein-based biomaterials incorporating the physical properties of both components. With genetic control over the nanodomain sizes and chemistry, as well as modification of synthetic conditions for silica formation, controlled mineralized silk films with different silica morphologies and distributions were successfully generated; generating 3D porous networks, clustered silica nanoparticles (SNPs), or single SNPs. Silk serves as the organic scaffolding to control the material stability and multiprocessing makes silk/silica biomaterials suitable for different tissue regenerative applications. The influence of these new silk-silica composite systems on osteogenesis was evaluated with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) subjected to osteogenic differentiation. hMSCs adhered, proliferated, and differentiated towards osteogenic lineages on the silk/silica films. The presence of the silica in the silk films influenced osteogenic gene expression, with the upregulation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and collagen type 1 (Col 1) markers. Evidence for early bone formation as calcium deposits was observed on silk films with silica. These results indicate the potential utility of these new silk/silica systems towards bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren D. Nadkarni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155
| | - Carole C. Perry
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK NG11 8NS
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155
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