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Cao J, Wu J, Hou Z. Quorum sensing-induced transition from colloidal waves to Turing-like patterns in chemorepulsive active colloids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:7783-7793. [PMID: 38375586 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04910h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The study of active systems, especially in the presence of a chemical background field, is garnering significant attention. Traditionally, the self-propelled velocity of active colloids was assumed to be constant, independent of the local density of colloids. In this work, we introduce a chemotactic active system that features quorum sensing (QS), wherein particles act as chemorepellents. Interestingly, these particles lose their activity in regions of high local particle density. Our findings reveal that QS leads to a transition from an oscillatory colloidal wave to a Turing-like pattern, with the observation of an intermediate state. With the variation of the sensing threshold, both the mean oscillation frequency of the system and the number of clusters exhibit non-monotonic dependence. Furthermore, the QS-induced pattern differs markedly from systems without QS, primarily due to the competitive interplay between diffusion and chemotaxis. The dynamics of this phenomenon are explained using a coarse-grained mean field model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Cao
- Department of Chemical Physics & Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscales, ichEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- Department of Chemical Physics & Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscales, ichEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Zhonghuai Hou
- Department of Chemical Physics & Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscales, ichEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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2
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Misko VR, Baraban L, Makarov D, Huang T, Gelin P, Mateizel I, Wouters K, De Munck N, Nori F, De Malsche W. Selecting active matter according to motility in an acoustofluidic setup: self-propelled particles and sperm cells. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:8635-8648. [PMID: 37917007 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01214j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Active systems - including sperm cells, living organisms like bacteria, fish, birds, or active soft matter systems like synthetic "microswimmers" - are characterized by motility, i.e., the ability to propel using their own "engine". Motility is the key feature that distinguishes active systems from passive or externally driven systems. In a large ensemble, motility of individual species can vary in a wide range. Selecting active species according to their motility represents an exciting and challenging problem. We propose a new method for selecting active species based on their motility using an acoustofluidic setup where highly motile species escape from the acoustic trap. This is demonstrated in simulations and in experiments with self-propelled Janus particles and human sperm. The immediate application of this method is selecting highly motile sperm for medically assisted reproduction (MAR). Due to the tunable acoustic trap, the proposed method is more flexible than the existing passive microfluidic methods. The proposed selection method based on motility can also be applied to other active systems that require selecting highly motile species or removing immotile species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav R Misko
- μFlow Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Larysa Baraban
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Denys Makarov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tao Huang
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pierre Gelin
- μFlow Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Ileana Mateizel
- Brussels IVF - Center for Reproductive Medicine, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, Jette, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Koen Wouters
- Brussels IVF - Center for Reproductive Medicine, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, Jette, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Neelke De Munck
- Brussels IVF - Center for Reproductive Medicine, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, Jette, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Quantum Computing Center, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - Wim De Malsche
- μFlow Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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3
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Xie D, Fu S, Fu D, Chen B, He W, Liang H, Tu Y, Wilson DA, Peng F. Adaptive particle patterning in the presence of active synthetic nanomotors. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:6619-6628. [PMID: 36951243 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00462g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
For the maintenance of a biological system, spatial organization of material condensates within the cell through the dissipation of energy is crucial. Besides directed transport via microtubules, material arrangement can be achieved via motor protein facilitated adaptive active diffusiophoresis. For example, the distribution of membrane proteins during the cell division of Escherichia coli is affected by the MinD system. Synthetic active motors exhibit the ability to simulate natural motors. Here we propose an active Au-Zn nanomotor driven by water and discovered an interesting adaptive interaction mode of the diffusiophoretic Au-Zn nanomotors with passive condensate particles in different environments. It is found that the attraction/repulsion between the nanomotor and passive particles is adaptive, while an interesting hollow pattern is formed with a negatively charged substrate and a cluster pattern is favored with a positively charged substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhi Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shaoming Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Dongmei Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Weidong He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Haiying Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yingfeng Tu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Daniela A Wilson
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Fei Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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4
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Fan X, Hu Q, Zhang X, Sun L, Yang Z. Solitary and Collective Motion Behaviors of TiO2 Microrobots under the Coupling of Multiple Light Fields. MICROMACHINES 2022; 14:89. [PMID: 36677151 PMCID: PMC9862000 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to their fascinating solitary and collective behavior, photochemical microrobots have attracted extensive attention from researchers and have obtained a series of outstanding research progress in recent years. However, due to the limitation of using a single light source, the realization of reconfigurable and controllable motion behaviors of the photochemical microrobot is still facing a series of challenges. To release these restrictions, we reported a multi-light-field-coupling-based method for driving the photochemical microrobot or its swarm in a regulatable manner. Here, we first designed a control system for coupling multiple light sources to realize the programmable application of four light sources in different directions. Then a TiO2-based photochemical microrobot was prepared, with its surface electric field distribution under different lighting conditions estimated by modeling-based simulation, where the feasibility of regulating the microrobot's motion behavior via the proposed setup was verified. Furthermore, our experimental results show that under the action of the compound light fields, we can not only robustly control the motion behavior of a single TiO2 microrobot but also reconfigure its collective behaviors. For example, we realized the free switching of the single TiO2 microrobots' movement direction, and the controllable diffusion, aggregation, the locomotion and merging of TiO2 microrobot swarms. Our discovery would provide potential means to realize the leap-forward control and application of photochemical microrobots from individuals to swarms, as well as the creation of active materials and intelligent synthetic systems.
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5
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Wang J, Dong Y, Ma P, Wang Y, Zhang F, Cai B, Chen P, Liu BF. Intelligent Micro-/Nanorobots for Cancer Theragnostic. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201051. [PMID: 35385160 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most intractable diseases owing to its high mortality rate and lack of effective diagnostic and treatment tools. Advancements in micro-/nanorobot (MNR)-assisted sensing, imaging, and therapeutics offer unprecedented opportunities to develop MNR-based cancer theragnostic platforms. Unlike ordinary nanoparticles, which exhibit Brownian motion in biofluids, MNRs overcome viscous resistance in an ultralow Reynolds number (Re << 1) environment by effective self-propulsion. This unique locomotion property has motivated the advanced design and functionalization of MNRs as a basis for next-generation cancer-therapy platforms, which offer the potential for precise distribution and improved permeation of therapeutic agents. Enhanced barrier penetration, imaging-guided operation, and biosensing are additionally studied to enable the promising cancer-related applications of MNRs. Herein, the recent advances in MNR-based cancer therapy are comprehensively addresses, including actuation engines, diagnostics, medical imaging, and targeted drug delivery; promising research opportunities that can have a profound impact on cancer therapy over the next decade is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yue Dong
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Peng Ma
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Fangyu Zhang
- Department of Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Bocheng Cai
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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6
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Li Y, Zhou Y, Marchesoni F, Ghosh PK. Colloidal clustering and diffusion in a convection cell array. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:4778-4785. [PMID: 35703429 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00500j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We numerically investigated the clustering of a uniform suspension of finite-size disks in a linear array of two-dimensional convection cells. We observed that, due to steric interactions, the disks tend to form coherently rotating spatial structures at the center of each cell, as a combined effect of advection and pair collisions. Micellar, ring-like and hexatic patterns emerge in the deterministic regime, depending on the suspension density, but dissolve in the presence of thermal fluctuations. Moreover, pair collisions suffice to activate cell crossings even by noiseless disks and, therefore, cause athermal diffusion. The robustness of such collision induced effects is studied against the opposing action of thermal noise, transverse biases, and particle self-propulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Li
- Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fabio Marchesoni
- Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Camerino, I-62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Pulak K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, India.
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Liebchen B, Mukhopadhyay AK. Interactions in active colloids. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 34:083002. [PMID: 34788232 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac3a86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The past two decades have seen a remarkable progress in the development of synthetic colloidal agents which are capable of creating directed motion in an unbiased environment at the microscale. These self-propelling particles are often praised for their enormous potential to self-organize into dynamic nonequilibrium structures such as living clusters, synchronized super-rotor structures or self-propelling molecules featuring a complexity which is rarely found outside of the living world. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the formation and dynamics of many of these structures are still barely understood, which is likely to hinge on the gaps in our understanding of how active colloids interact. In particular, besides showing comparatively short-ranged interactions which are well known from passive colloids (Van der Waals, electrostatic etc), active colloids show novel hydrodynamic interactions as well as phoretic and substrate-mediated 'osmotic' cross-interactions which hinge on the action of the phoretic field gradients which are induced by the colloids on other colloids in the system. The present article discusses the complexity and the intriguing properties of these interactions which in general are long-ranged, non-instantaneous, non-pairwise and non-reciprocal and which may serve as key ingredients for the design of future nonequilibrium colloidal materials. Besides providing a brief overview on the state of the art of our understanding of these interactions a key aim of this review is to emphasize open key questions and corresponding open challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benno Liebchen
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Aritra K Mukhopadhyay
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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8
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Duan S, Xu P, Wang W. Better fuels for photocatalytic micromotors: a case study of triethanolamine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9902-9905. [PMID: 34494625 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03857e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Efficient fuels are critical for designing photocatalytic micromotors with high performance. We discover that 0.5 mM of triethanolamine can power TiO2-Pt motors at 35 μm s-1 without producing bubbles, a significant improvement over conventional fuels such as water, H2O2 or hydroquinone. The effectiveness of hole scavengers such as triethanolamine can be generalized to other photocatalytic micromotors containing a heterojunction with an n-type (but not a p-type) semiconductor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifang Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Pengzhao Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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9
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He X, Jiang H, Li J, Ma Y, Fu B, Hu C. Dipole-Moment Induced Phototaxis and Fuel-Free Propulsion of ZnO/Pt Janus Micromotors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2101388. [PMID: 34173337 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Light-driven micromotors have stimulated considerate interests due to their potentials in biomedicine, environmental remediation, or serving as the model system for non-equilibrium physics of active matter. Simultaneous control over the motion direction and speed of micro/nanomotors is crucial for their functionality but still difficult since Brownian motion always randomizes the orientations. Here, a highly efficient light-driven ZnO/Pt Janus micromotor capable of aligning itself to illumination direction and exhibiting negative phototaxis at high speeds (up to 32 µm s-1 ) without the addition of any chemical fuels is developed. A light-triggered self-built electric field parallel to the light illumination exists due to asymmetrical surface chemical reactions induced by the limited penetration depth of light along the illumination. The phototactic motion of the motor is achieved through electrophoretic rotation induced by the asymmetrical distribution of zeta potential on the two hemispheres of the Janus micromotor, into alignment with the electric field. Notably, similar phototactic propulsion is also achieved on TiO2 /Pt and CdS/Pt micromotors, which presents explicit proof of extending the mechanism of dipole-moment induced phototactic propulsion in other light-driven Janus micromotors. Finally, active transportation of yeast cells are achieved by the motor, proving its capability in performing complex tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huaide Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jianjie Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yanmei Ma
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bi Fu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation and Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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10
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Lin X, Xu B, Zhao Z, Yang X, Xing Y, You C, Kong Y, Cui J, Zhu L, Lin S, Mei Y. Flying Squirrel-Inspired Motion Control of a Light-Deformed Pt-PAzoMA Micromotor through Drag Force Manipulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:30106-30117. [PMID: 34143593 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Micromotors require stable and precise motion control for complex tasks such as microsurgery, drug delivery in vivo, or environmental monitoring ex vivo. However, a continuous control signal is needed for micromotors to achieve motion control during their whole journey, which hinders their application in areas where external control stimuli are limited or unavailable. Fortunately, nature suggests an excellent solution that flying squirrel exhibits motion tuning capability by deforming itself when jumping off a tall tree. Inspired by this, we propose a Pt-PAzoMA Janus micromotor that precisely changes its shape (from a spherical shape to an elliptical shape) under a brief light signal (450 nm) and maintains this deformation until next signal reception. The deformed elliptical micromotor performs relatively low-speed motion compared to the spherical one, which is further confirmed by massive simulation results. In addition, by investigating motion behavior experimentally and theoretically, it is proved that the motion modulation is caused by the drag force changing brought from the deformation. This method represents a different route to regulate the motion of micromotors without a continuous signal, which is useful in application scenarios where the environmental control signal is inaccessible/limited or long-time operation with minimum energy input is required to maintain motion manipulation. With further function modification, this kind of shape-changing micromotor has potential in optimizing drug diffusion efficiency by speed altering and long-term monitoring at the diseased area by confining the active range of the micromotor in the targeted area through deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Lin
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Borui Xu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yi Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunyu You
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Ye Kong
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jizhai Cui
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shaoliang Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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11
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Mujtaba J, Liu J, Dey KK, Li T, Chakraborty R, Xu K, Makarov D, Barmin RA, Gorin DA, Tolstoy VP, Huang G, Solovev AA, Mei Y. Micro-Bio-Chemo-Mechanical-Systems: Micromotors, Microfluidics, and Nanozymes for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007465. [PMID: 33893682 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wireless nano-/micromotors powered by chemical reactions and/or external fields generate motive forces, perform tasks, and significantly extend short-range dynamic responses of passive biomedical microcarriers. However, before micromotors can be translated into clinical use, several major problems, including the biocompatibility of materials, the toxicity of chemical fuels, and deep tissue imaging methods, must be solved. Nanomaterials with enzyme-like characteristics (e.g., catalase, oxidase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase), that is, nanozymes, can significantly expand the scope of micromotors' chemical fuels. A convergence of nanozymes, micromotors, and microfluidics can lead to a paradigm shift in the fabrication of multifunctional micromotors in reasonable quantities, encapsulation of desired subsystems, and engineering of FDA-approved core-shell structures with tuneable biological, physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. Microfluidic methods are used to prepare stable bubbles/microbubbles and capsules integrating ultrasound, optoacoustic, fluorescent, and magnetic resonance imaging modalities. The aim here is to discuss an interdisciplinary approach of three independent emerging topics: micromotors, nanozymes, and microfluidics to creatively: 1) embrace new ideas, 2) think across boundaries, and 3) solve problems whose solutions are beyond the scope of a single discipline toward the development of micro-bio-chemo-mechanical-systems for diverse bioapplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawayria Mujtaba
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jinrun Liu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Krishna K Dey
- Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Tianlong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Rik Chakraborty
- Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Kailiang Xu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Denys Makarov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Roman A Barmin
- Center of Photonics and Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobelya Str, Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Gorin
- Center of Photonics and Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobelya Str, Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - Valeri P Tolstoy
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskii Prospect, Petergof, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia
| | - Gaoshan Huang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Alexander A Solovev
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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12
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Soto F, Wang J, Deshmukh S, Demirci U. Reversible Design of Dynamic Assemblies at Small Scales. ADVANCED INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 3:2000193. [PMID: 35663639 PMCID: PMC9165726 DOI: 10.1002/aisy.202000193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Emerging bottom-up fabrication methods have enabled the assembly of synthetic colloids, microrobots, living cells, and organoids to create intricate structures with unique properties that transcend their individual components. This review provides an access point to the latest developments in externally driven assembly of synthetic and biological components. In particular, we emphasize reversibility, which enables the fabrication of multiscale systems that would not be possible under traditional techniques. Magnetic, acoustic, optical, and electric fields are the most promising methods for controlling the reversible assembly of biological and synthetic subunits since they can reprogram their assembly by switching on/off the external field or shaping these fields. We feature capabilities to dynamically actuate the assembly configuration by modulating the properties of the external stimuli, including frequency and amplitude. We describe the design principles which enable the assembly of reconfigurable structures. Finally, we foresee that the high degree of control capabilities offered by externally driven assembly will enable broad access to increasingly robust design principles towards building advanced dynamic intelligent systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Soto
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, 94304-5427, USA
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304-5427, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, 94304-5427, USA
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304-5427, USA
| | - Shreya Deshmukh
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, 94304-5427, USA
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304-5427, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305-4125, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, 94304-5427, USA
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304-5427, USA
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Soto F, Karshalev E, Zhang F, Esteban Fernandez de Avila B, Nourhani A, Wang J. Smart Materials for Microrobots. Chem Rev 2021; 122:5365-5403. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Soto
- Department of Nanoengineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Contextual Robotics Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Emil Karshalev
- Department of Nanoengineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Contextual Robotics Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Fangyu Zhang
- Department of Nanoengineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Contextual Robotics Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Berta Esteban Fernandez de Avila
- Department of Nanoengineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Contextual Robotics Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Amir Nourhani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mathematics, Biology, Biomimicry Research and Innovation Center, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Contextual Robotics Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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14
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Zhou D, Zhuang R, Chang X, Li L. Enhanced Light-Harvesting Efficiency and Adaptation: A Review on Visible-Light-Driven Micro/Nanomotors. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2020; 2020:6821595. [PMID: 33029591 PMCID: PMC7521028 DOI: 10.34133/2020/6821595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As visible light accounts for a larger proportion of solar energy and is harmless to living organisms, it has the potential to be the energy source of micro/nanomotors, which transform visible-light energy into mechanical motion, for different applications, especially in environmental remediation. However, how to precisely control the motion of visible-light-driven micro/nanomotors (VLD-MNMs) and efficiently utilize the weak visible-light photon energy to acquire rapid motion are significant challenges. This review summarizes the most critical aspects, involving photoactive materials, propulsion mechanisms, control methods, and applications of VLD-MNMs, and discusses strategies to systematically enhance the energy-harvesting efficiency and adaptation. At first, the photoactive materials have been divided into inorganic and organic photoactive materials and comprehensively discussed. Then, different propulsion mechanisms of the current VLD-MNMs are presented to explain the improvement in the actuation force, speed, and environmental adaptability. In addition, considering the characteristics of easy control of VLD-MNMs, we summarized the direction, speed, and cluster control methods of VLD-MNMs for different application requirements. Subsequently, the potential applications of VLD-MNMs, e.g., in environmental remediation, micropumps, cargo delivery, and sensing in microscale, are presented. Finally, discussions and suggestions for future directions to enhance the energy-harvesting efficiency and adaptation of VLD-MNMs are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dekai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Rencheng Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Xiaocong Chang
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Longqiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
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15
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Kong L, Mayorga-Martinez CC, Guan J, Pumera M. Photocatalytic Micromotors Activated by UV to Visible Light for Environmental Remediation, Micropumps, Reversible Assembly, Transportation, and Biomimicry. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1903179. [PMID: 31402632 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic micromotors are light-induced, chemically powered micromachines based on photocatalytic materials, activated by light illumination, and have redox reactions with environmental solutions to produce chemical gradients and bubbles that propel the micromachines through self-diffusiophoresis, self-electrophoresis, and bubble recoil. Due to the fact that excitation light relates largely to the bandgaps of selected materials, the development of photocatalytic micromotors has experienced an evolution from ultraviolet-light-activated to visible-light-activated and potentially biocompatible systems. Furthermore, due to the strong redox capacity and physical effects caused by the products or product gradients, photocatalytic micromotors have applications in environmental remediation, micropumps, reversible assembly, transportation, and biomimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Kong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Carmen C Mayorga-Martinez
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jianguo Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, CZ-616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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16
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Huang T, Gobeil S, Wang X, Misko V, Nori F, De Malsche W, Fassbender J, Makarov D, Cuniberti G, Baraban L. Anisotropic Exclusion Effect between Photocatalytic Ag/AgCl Janus Particles and Passive Beads in a Dense Colloidal Matrix. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:7091-7099. [PMID: 32011149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic nano- and micromotors interact with each other and their surroundings in a complex manner. Here, we report on the anisotropy of active-passive particle interaction in a soft matter system containing an immobile yet photochemical Ag/AgCl-based Janus particle embedded in a dense matrix of passive beads in pure water. The asymmetry in the chemical gradient around the Janus particle, triggered upon visible light illumination, distorts the isotropy of the surrounding electric potential and results in the repulsion of adjacent passive beads to a certain distance away from the Janus particle. This exclusion effect is found to be anisotropic with larger distances to passive beads in front of the Ag/AgCl cap of the Janus particle. We provide insight into this phenomenon by performing the angular analysis of the radii of exclusion and tracking their time evolution at the level of a single bead. Our study provides a novel fundamental insight into the collective behavior of a complex mixture of active and passive particles and is relevant for various application scenarios, e.g., particle transport at micro- and nanoscale and local chemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sophie Gobeil
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Xu Wang
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Vyacheslav Misko
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- μFlow group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, United States
| | - Wim De Malsche
- μFlow group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jürgen Fassbender
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Denys Makarov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Larysa Baraban
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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17
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Debnath D, Ghosh PK, Misko VR, Li Y, Marchesoni F, Nori F. Enhanced motility in a binary mixture of active nano/microswimmers. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:9717-9726. [PMID: 32323694 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01765e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is often desirable to enhance the motility of active nano- or microscale swimmers such as, e.g., self-propelled Janus particles as agents of chemical reactions or weak sperm cells for better chances of successful fertilization. Here we tackle this problem based on the idea that motility can be transferred from a more active guest species to a less active host species. We performed numerical simulations of motility transfer in two typical cases, namely for interacting particles with a weak inertia effect, by analyzing their velocity distributions, and for interacting overdamped particles, by studying their effusion rate. In both cases, we detected motility transfer with a motility enhancement of the host species of up to a factor of four. This technique of motility enhancement can find applications in chemistry, biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajyoti Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India.
| | - Pulak Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India.
| | - Vyacheslav R Misko
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan and μFlow group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Yunyun Li
- Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Fabio Marchesoni
- Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
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18
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Hauke F, Löwen H, Liebchen B. Clustering-induced velocity-reversals of active colloids mixed with passive particles. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:014903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5128641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Hauke
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hartmut Löwen
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Benno Liebchen
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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Abstract
Collective phenomena existing universally in both biological systems and artificial active matter are increasingly attracting interest. The interactions can be grouped into active-active and active-passive ones, where the reports on the purely active system are still clearly dominating. Despite the growing interest, summarizing works for active-passive interactions in artificial active matter are still missing. For that reason, we start this review with a general introduction, followed by a short spotlight on theoretical works and then an extensive overview of experimental realizations. We classify the cases according to the active colloids’ mechanisms of motion and discuss the principles of the interactions. A few key applications of the active-passive interaction of current interest are also highlighted (such as cargo transport, flow field mapping, assembly of structures). We expect that this review will help the fundamental understanding and inspire further studies on active matter.
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Debnath T, Ghosh PK, Li Y, Marchesoni F, Nori F. Active diffusion limited reactions. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:154902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5081125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tanwi Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Pulak K. Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Yunyun Li
- Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fabio Marchesoni
- Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People’s Republic of China
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Camerino, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
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Luan T, Meng F, Tao P, Shang W, Wu J, Song C, Deng T. Bubble-Enabled Underwater Motion of a Light-Driven Motor. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1804959. [PMID: 30790442 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the photothermally driven horizontal motion of a motor as well as the suspending and vertical movements underwater. A motor is designed by attaching two polydimethylsiloxane-coated oxidized copper foams (POCF) to the two opposite sides of an oxidized copper foam (OCF). When the hydrophobic POCF is immersed in water, it serves as both an air bubble trapper and a light-to-heat conversion center. As bubbles grow under photothermal heating, they provide lifting force and result in the revolving motion of the motor. With removal of light illumination, bubbles are cooled by the surrounding water and shrink, and the buoyance is lowered. The resultant force of gravitational force, buoyance, and fluid resistance drives the motor to move forward horizontally. Furthermore, the motors are utilized as oil collectors and oil/water separation is achieved successfully. To effectively control the suspending motion, a polydimethylsiloxane foam doped with carbon black (C-foam) is designed under the photothermal principle. It is maintained at a certain position underwater by controlling the on/off of light. The vertical motion is also studied and utilized to generate electricity. It is expected that different types of underwater motion will open up new opportunities for various applications including drug delivery, collection of heavy oil underwater, and electricity generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Fanchen Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Peng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wen Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Tao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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