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González J, Danelon JG, Da Silva JLF, Lima MP. Elucidating Black α-CsPbI 3 Perovskite Stabilization via PPD Bication-Conjugated Molecule Surface Passivation: Ab Initio Simulations. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:39251-39265. [PMID: 39021197 PMCID: PMC11299153 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The cubic α-CsPbI3 phase stands out as one of the most promising perovskite compounds for solar cell applications due to its suitable electronic band gap of 1.7 eV. However, it exhibits structural instability under operational conditions, often transforming into the hexagonal non-perovskite δ-CsPbI3 phase, which is unsuitable for solar cell applications because of the large band gap (e.g., ∼2.9 eV). Thus, there is growing interest in identifying possible mechanisms for increasing the stability of the cubic α-CsPbI3 phase. Here, we report a theoretical investigation, based on density functional theory calculations, of the surface passivation of the α-, γ-, and δ-CsPbI3(100) surfaces using the C6H4(NH3)2 [p-phenylenediamine (PPD)] and Cs species as passivation agents. Our calculations and analyses corroborate recent experimental findings, showing that PPD passivation effectively stabilizes the cubic α-CsPbI3 perovskite against the cubic-to-hexagonal phase transition. The PPD molecule exhibits covalent-dominating bonds with the substrate, which makes it more resistant to distortion than the ionic bonds dominant in perovskite bulks. By contrasting these results with the natural Cs passivation, we highlight the superior stability of the PPD passivation, as evidenced by the negative surface formation energies, unlike the positive values observed for the Cs passivation. This disparity is due to the covalent characteristics of the molecule/surface interaction of PPD, as opposed to the purely ionic interaction seen with the Cs passivation. Notably, the PPD passivation maintains the optoelectronic properties of the perovskites because the electronic states derived from the PPD molecules are localized far from the band gap region, which is crucial for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- José
E. González
- São
Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University
of São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - João G. Danelon
- Department
of Physics, Federal University of São
Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juarez L. F. Da Silva
- São
Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University
of São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus P. Lima
- Department
of Physics, Federal University of São
Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Wang X, Jiang J, Liu Z, Li A, Miyasaka T, Wang XF. Zwitterion Dual-Modification Strategy for High-Quality NiO x and Perovskite Films for Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2400356. [PMID: 38389174 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Nickel oxide (NiOx) has been limited in use as a hole transport layer for its low conduction, surface defects, and redox reactions with the perovskite layer. To address these issues, the incorporation of zwitterion L-tryptophan (Trp) is proposed at the NiOx/Trp interface. The carboxyl group of Trp effectively passivates the surface positive defects of NiOx, thereby improving its optical and electrical properties. The ammonium group of Trp not only passivates negative defects but modulates the growth of the perovskite layer, resulting in an improved perovskite film quality. Furthermore, the Trp layer acts as a buffer layer, suppressing adverse interfacial reactions between the perovskite and NiOx. Consequently, perovskite solar cells with 1.56 and 1.68 eV absorbers achieve the champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.79% and 20.41%, respectively. Moreover, the unencapsulated devices demonstrate excellent long-term stability, retaining above 80% of the initial PCE value after 1600 h of storage in the air with a humidity of 50-60%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education) College of Physics, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education) College of Physics, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Ziyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education) College of Physics, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Aijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education) College of Physics, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Tsutomu Miyasaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, 1614 Kurogane-cho, Aoba, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 225-8503, Japan
| | - Xiao-Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education) College of Physics, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
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Yang M, Mo K, Zhu X, Liu Y, Yan N, Wang Z. Controlling Nucleation and Crystallization of CsPbI 3 Perovskites for Efficient Inverted Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310749. [PMID: 38308118 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The unfavorable morphology and high crystallization temperature (Tc) of inorganic perovskites pose a significant challenge to their widespread application in photovoltaics. In this study, an effective approach is proposed to enhance the morphology of cesium lead triiodide (CsPbI3) while lowering its Tc. By introducing dimethylammonium acetate into the perovskite precursor solution, a rapid nucleation stage is facilitated, and significantly enhances the crystal growth of the intermediate phase at low annealing temperatures, followed by a slow crystal growth stage at higher annealing temperatures. This results in a uniform and dense morphology in CsPbI3 perovskite films with enhanced crystallinity, simultaneously reducing the Tc from 200 to 150 °C. Applying this approach in positive-intrinsic-negative (p-i-n) inverted cells yields a high power conversion efficiency of 19.23%. Importantly, these cells exhibit significantly enhanced stability, even under stress at 85 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Yang
- School of Physics and Technology, Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China
| | - Kangwei Mo
- School of Physics and Technology, Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China
| | - Xueliang Zhu
- School of Physics and Technology, Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Physics and Technology, Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ning Yan
- School of Physics and Technology, Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China
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Meng X, Sun Q, Shen B, Hu D, Kang B, Silva SRP, Wang L. Choline Derivative as a Multifunctional Interfacial Bridge through Synergistic Effects for Improving the Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310275. [PMID: 38221708 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The interfacial carrier non-radiative recombination caused by buried defects in electron transport layer (ETL) material and the energy barrier severely hinders further improvement in efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, the effect of the SnO2 ETL doped with choline chloride (CC), acetylcholine chloride (AC), and phosphocholine chloride sodium salt (PCSS) are investigated. These dopants modify the interface between SnO2 ETL and perovskite layer, acting as a bridge through synergistic effects to form uniform ETL films, enhance the interface contact, and passivate defects. Ultimately, compared with CC (which with ─OH) and AC (which with C═O), the PCSS with P═O and sodium ions groups is more beneficial for improving performance. The device based on PCSS-doped SnO2 ETL achieves an efficiency of 23.06% with a high VOC of 1.2 V, which is considerably higher than the control device (20.55%). Moreover, after aging for 500 h at a temperature of 25 °C and relative humidity (RH) of 30-40%, the unsealed device based on SnO2-PCSS ETL maintains 94% of its initial efficiency, while the control device only 80%. This study provides a meaningful reference for the design and selection of ideal pre-buried additive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxin Meng
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Qing Sun
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Bo Shen
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Die Hu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Bonan Kang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - S Ravi P Silva
- Nanoelectronics Centre, Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Lijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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Shen C, Ye T, Yang P, Chen G. All-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells: Defect Regulation and Emerging Applications in Extreme Environments. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401498. [PMID: 38466354 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
All-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs), such as CsPbX3, have garnered considerable attention recently, as they exhibit superior thermodynamic and optoelectronic stabilities compared to the organic-inorganic hybrid PSCs. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of CsPbX3 PSCs is generally lower than that of organic-inorganic hybrid PSCs, as they contain higher defect densities at the interface and within the perovskite light-absorbing layers, resulting in higher non-radiative recombination and voltage loss. Consequently, defect regulation has been adopted as an important strategy to improve device performance and stability. This review aims to comprehensively summarize recent progresses on the defect regulation in CsPbX3 PSCs, as well as their cutting-edge applications in extreme scenarios. The underlying fundamental mechanisms leading to the defect formation in the crystal structure of CsPbX3 PSCs are firstly discussed, and an overview of literature-adopted defect regulation strategies in the context of interface, internal, and surface engineering is provided. Cutting-edge applications of CsPbX3 PSCs in extreme environments such as outer space and underwater situations are highlighted. Finally, a summary and outlook are presented on future directions for achieving higher efficiencies and superior stability in CsPbX3 PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Tengling Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Peixia Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Guanying Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
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Gu X, Shan C, Xu X, Liu Q, Kyaw AKK. Antisolvent-Free Heterogenous Nucleation Enabled by Employing 4-Tert-Butyl Pyridine Additive and Two-Step Annealing for Efficient CsPbI 2Br Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307840. [PMID: 38054757 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
All inorganic perovskite based on CsPbI2Br has attracted significant attention due to its relatively thermal stable structure compare to its hybrid counterparts. With a wide bandgap of 1.9 eV and excellent light absorption capability, it has been extensively explored for applications in indoor photovoltaics and as a front absorber in tandem devices. However, the uncontrollable crystallization process during solvent evaporation and thermal annealing leads to both macroscopic defects like cracks and microscopic defects such as voids. In this study, a metastable adduct with lead (II) halides by incorporating 4-tert-butyl pyridine as a volatile Lewis base monodentate ligand in the precursor solution is formed. The strategic preferential decomposition of the adduct during the early-stage low-temperature annealing facilitated the desorption of lead (II) halides, inducing antisolvent-free heterogenous nucleation. This, in turn, promoted crystal growth during subsequent high-temperature annealing, resulting in dense films with low defect density. As a result, a maximum open-circuit voltage of 1.30 V is achieved with the champion power conversion efficiency of 16.5% in CsPbI2Br-based perovskite solar cell. The work reveals a new mechanism of using Lewis acid-base adduct to obtain high quality perovskite films other than hindering crystallization in traditional way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Gu
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting, and Department of Electronic & Electronical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chengwei Shan
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting, and Department of Electronic & Electronical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting, and Department of Electronic & Electronical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting, and Department of Electronic & Electronical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Aung Ko Ko Kyaw
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting, and Department of Electronic & Electronical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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7
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Cheng J, Fan Z, Dong J. Research Progress of Green Solvent in CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:991. [PMID: 36985885 PMCID: PMC10054536 DOI: 10.3390/nano13060991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In optoelectronic applications, all-Brominated inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3 solar cells have received a great deal of attention because of their remarkable stability and simplicity of production. Most of the solvents used in CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells are toxic, which primarily hinders the commercialization of the products. In this review, we introduce the crystal structure and fundamental properties of CsPbBr3 materials and the device structure of perovskite cells, summarize the research progress of green solvents for CsPbBr3 PSCs in recent years from mono-green solvent systems to all-green solvent systems, and discuss the approaches to improving the PCE of CsPbBr3 PSCs, intending to facilitate the sustainable development of CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells. Finally, we survey the future of green solvents in the area of CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells.
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Ye Q, Hu W, Wei Y, Zhu J, Yao B, Ren K, Li C, Shi B, Li T, Ye F, Fang Z. Constructing a Surface Multi-cationic Heterojunction for CsPbI 1.5Br 1.5 Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency beyond 14. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1140-1147. [PMID: 36705534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
All-inorganic CsPbI1.5Br1.5 perovskite solar cells are considered as top cell candidates for tandem cells as a result of their excellent thermal stability and photoelectric performance. However, their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) are still low and far below the theoretical limit mainly as a result of the severe non-radiative recombination and optical loss. Herein, we introduce an versatile method to construct a surface multi-cationic heterojunction to achieve an efficient and stable CsPbI1.5Br1.5 perovskite solar cell. By precisely controlling the content of FA+ and MA+ on PbBr2-rich perovskite films, a high-quality heterojunction layer is formed to help effectively passivate the surface defects and reduce the optical loss of the CsPbI1.5Br1.5 perovskite. In addition, the incorporation of a heterojunction layer can also improve energy-level alignment and reduce interfacial charge recombination loss. As a result, the champion device with the incorporation of SMH exhibits a PCE of 14.11%, which presents the highest reported efficiency for inorganic CsPbI1.5Br1.5 solar cells thus far while retaining 85% of the initial efficiency after 1000 h of storage without encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiufeng Ye
- School of Mathmatical Information, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, People's Republic of China
- Science and Technology on Microsystem Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzheng Hu
- School of Mathmatical Information, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxiao Wei
- School of Mathmatical Information, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchi Zhu
- School of Mathmatical Information, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yao
- School of Mathmatical Information, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuankuan Ren
- School of Mathmatical Information, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhe Li
- School of Mathmatical Information, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, People's Republic of China
| | - Biyun Shi
- School of Mathmatical Information, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tie Li
- Science and Technology on Microsystem Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Ye
- Shangyu College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312300, People's Republic of China
| | - Zebo Fang
- School of Mathmatical Information, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, People's Republic of China
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