1
|
Zhang H, He Q, Yu H, Qin M, Feng Y, Feng W. Mussel-Inspired Polymer-Based Composites for Efficient Thermal Management in Dry and Underwater Environments. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39094105 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
To address the escalating power consumption of processors in data centers and the growing emphasis on environmental sustainability, the prospective shift from traditional air-cooling to immersion liquid cooling necessitates multiple functional integrations in polymer-based thermal conductive materials. Here, drawing inspiration from mussels, we showed a copolymer, poly(dimethylsiloxane-co-dopamine methacrylate) (PDMS-DMA), with a variety of reversible molecular interactions and simply combined with liquid metal (EGaIn) can yield a flexible, waterproof, and electrically insulating thermal conductive composite. The obtained PDMS-DMA/EGaIn composites demonstrate a harmonious blend of attributes, including a low modulus (75.8 kPa), high thermal conductivity of 6.9 W m-1 K-1, and rapid room-temperature self-healing capabilities, capable of complete repair within 20 min, even under water. Based on its electrically insulating and water resistance properties, PDMS-DMA/EGaIn emerges as a promising candidate for efficient and stable heat transfer in both air and underwater thermal management. Consequently, this water-resistant polymer-based composite holds significance for application in thermal protective layers for future immersion liquid cooling systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Qingxia He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Huitao Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yiyu Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shen Y, Jin D, Li T, Yang X, Ma X. Magnetically Responsive Gallium-Based Liquid Metal: Preparation, Property and Application. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39073895 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c07051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Magnetically responsive soft smart materials have garnered significant academic attention due to their flexibility, remote controllability, and reconfigurability. However, traditional soft materials used in the construction of these magnetically responsive systems typically exhibit low density and poor thermal and electrical conductivities. These limitations result in suboptimal performance in applications such as medical radiography, high-performance electronic devices, and thermal management. To address these challenges, magnetically responsive gallium-based liquid metals have emerged as promising alternatives. In this review, we summarize the methodologies for achieving magnetically responsive liquid metals, including the integration of magnetic agents into the liquid metal matrix and the utilization of induced Lorentz forces. We then provide a comprehensive discussion of the key physicochemical properties of these materials and the factors influencing them. Additionally, we explore the advanced and potential applications of magnetically responsive liquid metals. Finally, we discuss the current challenges in this field and present an outlook on future developments and research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Shen
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Integrated Circuits, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dongdong Jin
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Integrated Circuits, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tiefeng Li
- Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuxu Yang
- Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xing Ma
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Integrated Circuits, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu J, Li J, Tong Y, Hu T, Chen Z, Xiao Y, Zhang S, Yang H, Gao M, Pan T, Cheng H, Lin Y. Recent progress in multifunctional, reconfigurable, integrated liquid metal-based stretchable sensors and standalone systems. PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE 2024; 142:101228. [PMID: 38745676 PMCID: PMC11090487 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2023.101228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Possessing a unique combination of properties that are traditionally contradictory in other natural or synthetical materials, Ga-based liquid metals (LMs) exhibit low mechanical stiffness and flowability like a liquid, with good electrical and thermal conductivity like metal, as well as good biocompatibility and room-temperature phase transformation. These remarkable properties have paved the way for the development of novel reconfigurable or stretchable electronics and devices. Despite these outstanding properties, the easy oxidation, high surface tension, and low rheological viscosity of LMs have presented formidable challenges in high-resolution patterning. To address this challenge, various surface modifications or additives have been employed to tailor the oxidation state, viscosity, and patterning capability of LMs. One effective approach for LM patterning is breaking down LMs into microparticles known as liquid metal particles (LMPs). This facilitates LM patterning using conventional techniques such as stencil, screening, or inkjet printing. Judiciously formulated photo-curable LMP inks or the introduction of an adhesive seed layer combined with a modified lift-off process further provide the micrometer-level LM patterns. Incorporating porous and adhesive substrates in LM-based electronics allows direct interfacing with the skin for robust and long-term monitoring of physiological signals. Combined with self-healing polymers in the form of substrates or composites, LM-based electronics can provide mechanical-robust devices to heal after damage for working in harsh environments. This review provides the latest advances in LM-based composites, fabrication methods, and their novel and unique applications in stretchable or reconfigurable sensors and resulting integrated systems. It is believed that the advancements in LM-based material preparation and high-resolution techniques have opened up opportunities for customized designs of LM-based stretchable sensors, as well as multifunctional, reconfigurable, highly integrated, and even standalone systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhu
- School of Material and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Jiaying Li
- School of Material and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yao Tong
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou 215011, PR China
| | - Taiqi Hu
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Ziqi Chen
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Yang Xiao
- School of Material and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Senhao Zhang
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou 215011, PR China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou 215011, PR China
| | - Min Gao
- School of Material and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Taisong Pan
- School of Material and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Yuan Lin
- School of Material and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Medico-Engineering Cooperation on Applied Medicine Research Center, University of Electronics Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lu G, Ni E, Jiang Y, Wu W, Li H. Room-Temperature Liquid Metals for Flexible Electronic Devices. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304147. [PMID: 37875665 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature gallium-based liquid metals (RT-GaLMs) have garnered significant interest recently owing to their extraordinary combination of fluidity, conductivity, stretchability, self-healing performance, and biocompatibility. They are ideal materials for the manufacture of flexible electronics. By changing the composition and oxidation of RT-GaLMs, physicochemical characteristics of the liquid metal can be adjusted, especially the regulation of rheological, wetting, and adhesion properties. This review highlights the advancements in the liquid metals used in flexible electronics. Meanwhile related characteristics of RT-GaLMs and underlying principles governing their processing and applications for flexible electronics are elucidated. Finally, the diverse applications of RT-GaLMs in self-healing circuits, flexible sensors, energy harvesting devices, and epidermal electronics, are explored. Additionally, the challenges hindering the progress of RT-GaLMs are discussed, while proposing future research directions and potential applications in this emerging field. By presenting a concise and critical analysis, this paper contributes to the advancement of RT-GaLMs as an advanced material applicable for the new generation of flexible electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guixuan Lu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China
| | - Erli Ni
- The Institute for Advanced Studies of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China
| | - Weikang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang D, Ye J, Bai Y, Yang F, Zhang J, Rao W, Liu J. Liquid Metal Combinatorics toward Materials Discovery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303533. [PMID: 37417920 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Liquid metals and their derivatives provide several opportunities for fundamental and practical exploration worldwide. However, the increasing number of studies and shortage of desirable materials to fulfill different needs also pose serious challenges. Herein, to address this issue, a generalized theoretical frame that is termed as "Liquid Metal Combinatorics" (LMC) is systematically presented, and summarizes promising candidate technical routes toward new generation material discovery. The major categories of LMC are defined, and eight representative methods for manufacturing advanced materials are outlined. It is illustrated that abundant targeted materials can be efficiently designed and fabricated via LMC through deep physical combinations, chemical reactions, or both among the main bodies of liquid metals, surface chemicals, precipitated ions, and other materials. This represents a large class of powerful, reliable, and modular methods for innovating general materials. The achieved combinatorial materials not only maintained the typical characteristics of liquid metals but also displayed distinct tenability. Furthermore, the fabrication strategies, wide extensibility, and pivotal applications of LMC are classified. Finally, by interpreting the developmental trends in the area, a perspective on the LMC is provided, which warrants its promising future for society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wang
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jiao Ye
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yunlong Bai
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Rao
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dou Z, Zhang B, Xu P, Fu Q, Wu K. Dry-Contact Thermal Interface Material with the Desired Bond Line Thickness and Ultralow Applied Thermal Resistance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 38019643 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to directly utilize thixotropic polymer composites for out-of-plane thermal transport applications, known as thermal interface materials (TIMs), have been impeded by their mediocre applied thermal resistance (Reff) in a sandwiched structure. Different from traditional attempts at enhancing thermal conductivity, this study proposes a low-bond line thickness (BLT) path for mitigating the sandwiched thermal impedance. Taking the most common TIM, polydimethylsiloxane/aluminum oxide/zinc oxide (PDMS/Al2O3/ZnO), as an example, liquid metal is designed to on-demand localize at the Al2O3-polymer and Al2O3-filler interface regions, breaking rheological challenges for lowering the BLT. Specifically, during the sandwiched compression process, interfacial LM is just like the lubricant, dexterously promoting the relaxation of immobilized PDMS chains and helping fillers to flow through mitigating the internal friction between Al2O3 and adjacent filler. As a result, this TIM first time exhibits a boundary BLT (4.28 μm) that almost approaches the diameter of the maximum filler and performs an ultralow dry-contact Reff of 4.05 mm2 K/W at 40 psi, outperforming most reported and commercial dry-contact TIMs. This study of the low-BLT direction is believed to point to a new path for future research on high-performance TIMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengli Dou
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Nanjing Marine Radar Institute, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Kai Wu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jia LC, Wang ZX, Wang L, Zeng JF, Du PY, Yue YF, Zhao LH, Jia SL. Self-standing boron nitride bulks enabled by liquid metals for thermal management. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:5656-5665. [PMID: 37766462 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01359f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Thermally conductive materials (TCMs) are highly desirable for thermal management applications to tackle the "overheating" concerns in the electronics industry. Despite recent progress, the development of high performance TCMs integrated with an in-plane thermal conductivity (TC) higher than 50.0 W (m K)-1 and a through-plane TC greater than 10.0 W (m K)-1 is still challenging. Herein, self-standing liquid metal@boron nitride (LM@BN) bulks with ultrahigh in-plane TC and through-plane TC were reported for the first time. In the LM@BN bulks, LM could serve as a bonding and thermal linker among the oriented BN platelets, thus remarkably accelerating heat transfer across the whole system. Benefiting from the formation of a unique structure, the LM@BN bulk achieved an ultrahigh in-plane TC of 82.2 W (m K)-1 and a through-plane TC of 20.6 W (m K)-1, which were among the highest values ever reported for TCMs. Furthermore, the LM@BN bulks exhibited superior compressive and leakage-free performances, with a high compressive strength (5.2 MPa) and without any LM leakage even after being crushed. It was also demonstrated that the excellent TCs of the LM@BN bulks made them effectively cool high-power light emitting diode modules. This work opens up one promising pathway for the development of high-performance TCMs for thermal management in the electronics industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chuan Jia
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Zhi-Xing Wang
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jian-Feng Zeng
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Pei-Yao Du
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Yun-Fei Yue
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Li-Hua Zhao
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Shen-Li Jia
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shen Y, Jin D, Fu M, Liu S, Xu Z, Cao Q, Wang B, Li G, Chen W, Liu S, Ma X. Reactive wetting enabled anchoring of non-wettable iron oxide in liquid metal for miniature soft robot. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6276. [PMID: 37805612 PMCID: PMC10560245 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic liquid metal (LM) soft robots attract considerable attentions because of distinctive immiscibility, deformability and maneuverability. However, conventional LM composites relying on alloying between LM and metallic magnetic powders suffer from diminished magnetism over time and potential safety risk upon leakage of metallic components. Herein, we report a strategy to composite inert and biocompatible iron oxide (Fe3O4) magnetic nanoparticles into eutectic gallium indium LM via reactive wetting mechanism. To address the intrinsic interfacial non-wettability between Fe3O4 and LM, a silver intermediate layer was introduced to fuse with indium component into AgxIny intermetallic compounds, facilitating the anchoring of Fe3O4 nanoparticles inside LM with improved magnetic stability. Subsequently, a miniature soft robot was constructed to perform various controllable deformation and locomotion behaviors under actuation of external magnetic field. Finally, practical feasibility of applying LM soft robot in an ex vivo porcine stomach was validated under in-situ monitoring by endoscope and X-ray imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Shen
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dongdong Jin
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Mingming Fu
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Sanhu Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zhiwu Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Qinghua Cao
- School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wenjun Chen
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shaoqin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing, School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Xing Ma
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing, School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lu X, Huang J, Cheng N, Cheng Z, Ren L, Xu J, Sun R, Lu J. Data-Driven Framework toward Accurate Prediction of Interfacial Thermal Resistance in Particulate-Filled Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:43169-43182. [PMID: 37667856 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) inside the particulate-filled polymer composite is a bottleneck for improving the thermal conductivity (TC) of the material. Getting full knowledge of the ITR is crucial to the material design as well as to a faithful prediction of TC of the composite. However, a method fully taking into account the local circumstances inside the composite is yet to be developed to precisely characterize the ITR. Here, we propose a comprehensive framework combining high-throughput numerical simulations, machine learning and optimization algorithms, and experiments, which is demonstrated to be robust for the accurate determination of ITRs inside the particulate-filled composites. The strategy extracts as much information as possible about the structure and heat transfer characteristics of the composite based on simple experiments, which lays the foundation for the method to be effective. We show that the polymer-filler ITRs and the effective filler-filler contact ITRs predicted with the method faithfully represent the true characteristics inside the composite materials; they also provide the exact effective parameters, which cannot be obtained from experiments, for accurate numerical prediction of TCs of composite materials with high efficiency. As a result, the framework not only provides a robust tool for accurate characterization of ITRs inside composites but also paves the way for virtual high-throughput formula screening of thermally conductive composite materials that could be used in industrial product design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Lu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518103, P. R. China
| | - Jiabin Huang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518103, P. R. China
| | - Nan Cheng
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518103, P. R. China
- School of Electronic Science & Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Zhuang Cheng
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518103, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Ren
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518103, P. R. China
| | - Jianbin Xu
- Department of Electronics Engineering and Materials Science and Technology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
- SIAT CAS-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Materials and Devices for High Density Electronic Packaging, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rong Sun
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518103, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518103, P. R. China
| | - Jibao Lu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518103, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518103, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang JX, Lai H, Zhong M, Liu X, Chen Y, Yao S. Design and Scalable Fabrication of Liquid Metal and Nano-Sheet Graphene Hybrid Phase Change Materials for Thermal Management. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300139. [PMID: 37129546 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Here, a paraffin/liquid metal (LM)/graphene hybrid thermal composite material with a high thermal-conductivity as well as high latent heat is developed. The paraffin is encapsulated in calcium alginate, which produces leakage-free phase change material (PCM) capsules. LM is filled among the gaps of PCM capsules to enhance overall heat conduction. Graphene nano-sheets coating attains efficient heat dissipation because of its high spectral emissivity (>91%) in the spectrum of the mid-infrared region. The developed material is verified to have strong compatibility and durable stability. The composite is utilized as a thermal buffer (TB) for central processing unit thermal management to demonstrate the synergy of these superior thermal properties. In certain cases, active cooling normally used could be replaced by the developed TB without any energy consumption for thermal management, demonstrating a completely passive cooling strategy. Compared to traditional heat sink active cooling, general energy savings of 10.4-26.3% could thus be achieved by the developed composite in wider operating conditions, proving its potential for more efficient and sustainable data center cooling alongside thermal management of other ground-based electrical/electronic equipment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Xiang Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Man-machine Environmental Thermal Control Technology and Equipment, Hebei Vocational University of Technology and Engineering, Hebei, 054000, P. R. China
- College of Electrical, Energy and Power Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Huang Lai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Mingliang Zhong
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, P. R. China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- College of Electrical, Energy and Power Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Yongping Chen
- College of Electrical, Energy and Power Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China
| | - Shuhuai Yao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li Y, Guo H, Xie Z, Fu Q. Effects of polymer polarity on the interface interaction of polymer/liquid metal composites. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10412-10415. [PMID: 37552071 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02923a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Soft polymer/liquid metal (LM) composites have attracted considerable interest in flexible electronic energy fields. Interface interaction is a key issue that limits the improvement of their electrical performances and energy density. This paper investigates the influence of the polymer polarity on the interface interaction of composites. Four polymer matrixes-polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and poly(vinylidenefluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)) were used. It was found that the order of interaction obeyed the order of the polymer polarity: PP/LM < PET/LM < PVDF/LM ≤ (P(VDF-TrFE-CFE))/LM. The increase in polymer polarity significantly promotes the dipole-dipole interaction between polar groups of polymers and the oxide shell of the LM. The best high-polarity PVDF/LM composites display good interface interaction to suppress the dielectric loss, facilitating the PVDF/LM films to exhibit increased capacitive storage density (+44%, 1.68 J cm-3) without degrading the energy efficiency (80%). Our findings will guide researchers to design and choose matrix materials for achieving more improved performance of LM devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Li
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Cheng Du, 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Hangyu Guo
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Cheng Du, 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Zilong Xie
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Cheng Du, 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Cheng Du, 610065, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhu Z, Xu X, Yao Y, Guo C, Chen J, Zhang Y, Wu K. Liquid Metal-Assisted High-Efficiency Exfoliation of Boron Nitride for Electrically Insulating Heat-Spreader Film. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:54256-54265. [PMID: 36414259 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) are regarded as promising two-dimensional materials in thermally conductive yet electrically insulating applications. Attributed to the strong interlayer "lip-lip" interactions in bulk hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), high-efficiency exfoliation and scalable fabrication of BNNSs via the top-down strategies remain formidable challenges. Herein, an interesting observation is manifested that gallium-based liquid metal (LM) forming robust coordination interactions with h-BN helps reduce the lip-lip interlayer interactions and thus facilitates successful exfoliation under intense shearing force. For example, employing the ball-milling technique, the BNNS yield can increase to 41.21% with the assistance of LM at only 2 h milling time. Its exfoliation efficiency (yield/time) reaches as high as 26.72%/h, more than 2-fold that of other previously reported methods, including sonication and other ball-milling methods. Moreover, the exfoliated BNNSs are still found to be highly electrically insulating with a band gap of 4.65 eV, showing prospective potential in thermally conductive yet electrical insulating applications. As a proof of concept, a microwave-transparent heat spreader (cellulose nanofiber/BNNSs) is fabricated and verified for applications in high-frequency thermal-management fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, P. R. China
| | - Xuran Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing210094, P. R. China
| | - Yihang Yao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, P. R. China
| | - Cong Guo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, P. R. China
| | - Yongzheng Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing210094, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Guo C, He L, Yao Y, Lin W, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Wu K, Fu Q. Bifunctional Liquid Metals Allow Electrical Insulating Phase Change Materials to Dual-Mode Thermal Manage the Li-Ion Batteries. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:202. [PMID: 36214908 PMCID: PMC9551009 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00947-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Phase change materials (PCMs) are expected to achieve dual-mode thermal management for heating and cooling Li-ion batteries (LIBs) according to real-time thermal conditions, guaranteeing the reliable operation of LIBs in both cold and hot environments. Herein, we report a liquid metal (LM) modified polyethylene glycol/LM/boron nitride PCM, capable of dual-mode thermal managing the LIBs through photothermal effect and passive thermal conduction. Its geometrical conformation and thermal pathways fabricated through ice-template strategy are conformable to the LIB's structure and heat-conduction characteristic. Typically, soft and deformable LMs are modified on the boron nitride surface, serving as thermal bridges to reduce the contact thermal resistance among adjacent fillers to realize high thermal conductivity of 8.8 and 7.6 W m-1 K-1 in the vertical and in-plane directions, respectively. In addition, LM with excellent photothermal performance provides the PCM with efficient battery heating capability if employing a controllable lighting system. As a proof-of-concept, this PCM is manifested to heat battery to an appropriate temperature range in a cold environment and lower the working temperature of the LIBs by more than 10 °C at high charging/discharging rate, opening opportunities for LIBs with durable working performance and evitable risk of thermal runaway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Guo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu He
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihang Yao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhi Lin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzheng Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|