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Fang Y, Dai M, Ye W, Li F, Sun H, Wei J, Li B. Damaging effects of TiO 2 nanoparticles on the ovarian cells of Bombyx mori. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1883-1891. [PMID: 34115284 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As a new type of biologically compatible material, TiO2 NPs are widely used in the industry as additives, drug carriers, and components of skin care products. Due to their wide use, residual TiO2 NPs in the environment are a safety concern that has attracted extensive attention. In this study, the ovarian cell line BmN of the model organism Bombyx mori was used to reveal the damaging effects of TiO2 NPs exposure. The results demonstrated that TiO2 NPs exhibited a dose-dependent effect on the relative cell viability, with significant toxic effects being observed above 20 mg/L. Oxidative damage analysis showed that ROS accumulated significantly in BmN cells after exposure to TiO2 NPs (P ≤ 0.05) and induced DNA damage. Further analysis revealed that the transcriptional levels of key superoxide dismutase genes (SOD) decreased significantly, while the transcriptions of key genes of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway (P38, MEK, ERK and REL) and the downstream inflammatory factor genes (IL6 and TNFSF5) were all significantly up-regulated (P ≤ 0.05). Overall, our results indicate that exposure to TiO2 NPs leads to reduced transcription of antioxidant genes, accumulation of peroxides, and inflammation. These findings provide valuable data for the safety evaluation of environmental residues of TiO2 NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Fang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingli Dai
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Ye
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanchi Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
- Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Haina Sun
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
- Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wei
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
- Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China.
- Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Guo J, Wang X, Wang W, Jia L, Guo W, Wu G. Protective effects of pretreatment with Fe 2+, Cu 2+, and Rb + on phoxim poisoning in silkworm, Bombyx mori. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 68:126844. [PMID: 34425455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phoxim is a widely used organophosphorus pesticide in agriculture. People are paying more and more attention to its toxicity. At present, there is no appropriate way to solve the phoxim poisoning of silkworm, which severely affected the development of sericulture. Fe2+, Cu2+, Rb+ exerted their biological effects through various forms in vivo. METHODS To evaluate the effect of Fe2+/Cu2+/Rb+ on phoxim poisoning in silkworm, Bombyx mori were treated with fresh mulberry leaves soaked in 2.5 mg/L phoxim for 2 min with 50 mg/L FeCl2, 150 mg/L CuCl2, or 0.5 mg/L RbCl from 5 days of the fifth-instar silkworm. RESULTS Fe2+, Cu2+, and Rb+ pretreatments significantly inhibited the phoxim-induced reduction of survival rate and alleviated the phoxim-induced poisoning symptoms. The protective effects of Fe2+, Cu2+, and Rb+ on phoxim poisoning might be due to their enhancement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and carboxylesterase (CarE) in the hemolymph and fat body of silkworm. This enhancement might reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and oxidative stress (OS) caused by phoxim poisoning. Thereby it reduced the damage to silkworm tissues and cells. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that Fe2+, Cu2+, and Rb+ treatments protected the silkworm from phoxim poisoning by directly enhancing the activity of SOD, CAT, and CarE enzymes and reducing oxidative stress, but not dependent on the high expression of CYP genes. The use of Fe2+, Cu2+, and Rb+ to enhance the activity of SOD, CAT, and CarE enzymes may be an underlying effective way to solve phoxim poisoning in the silkworm industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, PR China; College of Agriculture, Anshun University, Anshun, 561000, PR China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, PR China
| | - Wenrong Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, PR China
| | - Lingling Jia
- College of Biotechnology and Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, PR China
| | - Wei Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, PR China
| | - Guohua Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, PR China.
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3
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Pang R, Xing K, Yuan L, Liang Z, Chen M, Yue X, Dong Y, Ling Y, He X, Li X, Zhang W. Peroxiredoxin alleviates the fitness costs of imidacloprid resistance in an insect pest of rice. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001190. [PMID: 33844686 PMCID: PMC8062100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical insecticides have been heavily employed as the most effective measure for control of agricultural and medical pests, but evolution of resistance by pests threatens the sustainability of this approach. Resistance-conferring mutations sometimes impose fitness costs, which may drive subsequent evolution of compensatory modifier mutations alleviating the costs of resistance. However, how modifier mutations evolve and function to overcome the fitness cost of resistance still remains unknown. Here we show that overexpression of P450s not only confers imidacloprid resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, the most voracious pest of rice, but also leads to elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through metabolism of imidacloprid and host plant compounds. The inevitable production of ROS incurs a fitness cost to the pest, which drives the increase or fixation of the compensatory modifier allele T65549 within the promoter region of N. lugens peroxiredoxin (NlPrx) in the pest populations. T65549 allele in turn upregulates the expression of NlPrx and thus increases resistant individuals' ability to clear the cost-incurring ROS of any source. The frequent involvement of P450s in insecticide resistance and their capacity to produce ROS while metabolizing their substrates suggest that peroxiredoxin or other ROS-scavenging genes may be among the common modifier genes for alleviating the fitness cost of insecticide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Longyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhikun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangzhao Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Ling
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xionglei He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianchun Li
- Department of Entomology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XL); (WZ)
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (XL); (WZ)
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Oya-Silva LF, Vicari T, Rodrigo Disner G, Lirola JR, Klingelfus T, Gonçalves HDLS, Leite TPB, Calado SLDM, Voigt CL, Silva de Assis HC, Cestari MM. Tissue-specific genotoxicity and antioxidant imbalance of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPTiO 2) and inorganic lead (PbII) in a neotropical fish species. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 82:103551. [PMID: 33227412 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aquatic environment is the major recipient of wastes containing nanoparticles and other contaminants. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPTiO2) are one of the most produced and used nanoparticle worldwide. This study investigated the toxicity of NPTiO2, as well as the toxicity interaction between NPTiO2 and lead (Pb), in response to genetic and biochemical biomarkers using freshwater fish Rhamdia quelen, as an animal model. The results showed genotoxicity in blood and kidney tissues. No effect of NPTiO2 alone or in co-exposure with Pb on liver genotoxicity were observed. Alterations in the antioxidant hepatic enzymes activities, as well as alterations in glutathione levels indicated that NPTiO2 alone or in co-exposure with Pb can cause antioxidant imbalance. The lipid peroxidation was also raised after exposure to NPTiO2. In general, the results of this study indicated that both NPTiO2 alone and their co-exposure with Pb are capable of producing significant toxic effects in short-term exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Fernanda Oya-Silva
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Taynah Vicari
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Geonildo Rodrigo Disner
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Juliana Roratto Lirola
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Klingelfus
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Thalita Pires Borges Leite
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Loise de Morais Calado
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carmen Lúcia Voigt
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Helena Cristina Silva de Assis
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Marta Margarete Cestari
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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5
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Zhao G, Zhang X, Cheng J, Huang X, Qian H, Li G, Xu A. Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on the Resistance of Silkworm to Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus in Bombyx mori. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 196:290-296. [PMID: 31933281 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (BmCPV) is a serious disease harmful to silk industry, which is one of the major sources of financial support for farmers in many developing countries. So far, there is still no good way to prevent or treat this disease. In this study, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) were used to pretreat silkworm larvae, and good results were achieved in improving silkworm immunity and alleviating the damage of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus. The results showed that nano-titanium dioxide pretreatment could inhibit the proliferation of BmCPV in the midgut of silkworm, activate JAK/STAT and PI3K-AKT immune signaling pathways, and upregulate the expression of key immune genes, so as to improve the immunity of silkworm and enhance the resistance of silkworm to BmCPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Zhao
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jialu Cheng
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heying Qian
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
| | - Anying Xu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China.
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China.
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, No. 2 Mengxi Road, Zhenjiang, 212018, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Møller P, Wallin H, Cassee FR, Loft S. Does intranasal instillation TiO 2 cause pulmonary tumorigenesis in male mice? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:1095-1096. [PMID: 29055161 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Håkan Wallin
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Flemming R Cassee
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Steffen Loft
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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7
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Jhamtani RC, Shukla S, Sivaperumal P, Dahiya MS, Agarwal R. Impact of co-exposure of aldrin and titanium dioxide nanoparticles at biochemical and molecular levels in Zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 58:141-155. [PMID: 29331773 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aldrin (ALD), a persistent-organic-pollutant (POP), an organochlorine-cyclodiene-pesticide is highly toxic in nature. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNP) are widely used for various industrial applications. Despite the remarkable research on pesticide toxicity, the work with impact of nanoparticles on POP has been dealt with marginally. Chemicals co-exist in the environment and exhibit interactive effects. An investigation was carried out to evaluate the individual and combined effects of ALD (6 ppm) and TNP (60 ppm) exposure at sub-lethal concentration for 24 h in zebrafish. Significant reversal of lipid peroxidation level in liver and brain tissues and restoration in enhanced catalase activity in all examined tissues were observed in combined group. For other parameters, combined exposure of ALD and TNP does not show significant reversal action on ALD toxicity. Further studies are inline to understand combined effects of both to achieve significant reversal of ALD toxicity by TNP nanoparticles with threshold concentration of aldrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena C Jhamtani
- Laboratory of Analytical & Molecular Toxicology (Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology laboratory), Institute of Forensic Science, Gujarat Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
| | - Saurabh Shukla
- Laboratory of Analytical & Molecular Toxicology (Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology laboratory), Institute of Forensic Science, Gujarat Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
| | - P Sivaperumal
- Pesticide Toxicology Division, National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
| | - M S Dahiya
- Laboratory of Analytical & Molecular Toxicology (Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology laboratory), Institute of Forensic Science, Gujarat Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
| | - Rakhi Agarwal
- Laboratory of Analytical & Molecular Toxicology (Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology laboratory), Institute of Forensic Science, Gujarat Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
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8
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Tian JH, Xue B, Hu JH, Li JX, Cheng XY, Hu JS, Li FC, Chen YH, Li B. Exogenous substances regulate silkworm fat body protein synthesis through MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 171:202-207. [PMID: 28024205 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Insect fat body is an important intermediate metabolic organ that plays an important role in protein metabolism and detoxification. In order to study the effects of TiO2 NPs and phoxim on fat body protein synthesis through MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in silkworms, we determined the effects of TiO2 NPs and phoxim, alone and in combination, on fat body protein content of silkworms, analyzed the gene expression profile of the fat body, and verified the expression of characteristic genes. We found that TiO2 NPs and phoxim alone increased the total protein content of the fat body, and up-regulated MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway genes. TiO2 NPs up-regulated the expression of two growth and development-related genes-insulin-like peptide and neuropeptide receptor B-by 5.17 and 3.89-fold, respectively. Phoxim up-regulated the expression of detoxification genes-P450, GST, and CarE2. Pretreatment with TiO2 NPs could reduce phoxim-increased total protein content and up-regulated MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway genes and detoxification genes; the activities of detoxification enzymes were consistent with the gene expression pattern. Our results showed that MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways both regulate fat body protein synthesis in silkworms, but the target proteins induced to express were different under different inducing factors. Our finding may provide a reference for investigating the mechanism of protein synthesis regulation through MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Tian
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - B Xue
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - J H Hu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - J X Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - X Y Cheng
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - J S Hu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - F C Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Y H Chen
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - B Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.
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9
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Li F, Xu K, Ni M, Wang B, Gu Z, Shen W, Li B. Effect of oxidative phosphorylation signaling pathway on silkworm midgut following exposure to phoxim. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:167-175. [PMID: 26608777 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate pesticides are applied widely in the world for agricultural purposes, and their exposures often resulted in non-cocooning of Bombyx mori in China. Silkworm midgut is the major organ for digestion and nutrient absorption, importantly it is also a barrier against foreign substances and chemical pesticides. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism of oxidative injury in silkworm midgut with phoxim induction. The results showed that the transcription level of oxidative phosphorylation signaling pathway genes of midgut under phoxim stress. Digital gene expression (DGE) analysis revealed that 24 electron transport chain (ETC)-related genes were upregulated. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction results indicated that the ETC the genes encoding NADH-CoQ1, Succinic-Q, cyt c reductase-S, cyt c oxidase-S, cytochrome c oxidase polypeptide IV, ATP synthase, and vacuolar H+ ATP synthase were all significantly up-regulated by 1.50-, 1.31-, 1.42-, 1.44-, 1.70-, 2.03- and 1.43-fold, respectively. Phoxim induction enhanced the activity of ETC complex in mitochondria, and induced the accumulation of ROS in midgut. These results indicated that trace phoxim enhanced respiration in midgut, and the imbalance between the activity changes of ETC may led to reactive oxygen species accumulation. The ETC of mitochondria may be potential biomarkers of midgut toxicity in B. mori caused by phoxim exposure. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 167-175, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanchi Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaizun Xu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Ni
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Binbin Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiya Gu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Weide Shen
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
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10
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Yan SH, Wang JH, Zhu LS, Chen AM, Wang J. Thiamethoxam induces oxidative stress and antioxidant response in zebrafish (Danio Rerio) livers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:2006-2015. [PMID: 26434662 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Thiamethoxam, a second-generation neonicotinoid insecticide, was found to be toxic to nontarget aquatic organisms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the toxicity of thiamethoxam (0.30, 1.25, and 5.00 mg/L) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) livers at the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th days. The reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-s-transferase (GST), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and DNA damage were used to evaluate the toxic effects of thiamethoxam on zebrafish. Compared to control groups, ROS levels were ascended in the exposure period; SOD and CAT activities were dramatically increased during early exposure and then inhibited. GST activity only increased on days 28. MDA content was slightly elevated on days 21 and 28. Additionally, a clear dose-response relationship was found for DNA damage. In conclusion, thiamethoxam could induce oxidative stress and DNA damage on the exposed zebrafish. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 2006-2015, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai H Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin H Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, People's Republic of China, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu S Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai M Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China
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11
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Kalita MK, Haloi K, Devi D. Larval Exposure to Chlorpyrifos Affects Nutritional Physiology and Induces Genotoxicity in Silkworm Philosamia ricini (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Front Physiol 2016; 7:535. [PMID: 27895594 PMCID: PMC5108804 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos is a most widely used organophosphate insecticide because of its cost effectiveness and degradable nature. However, this pesticide enters and contaminates the environment either by direct application, spray drifts or crop run off and shows adverse effect on the non-targeted organisms. Philosamia ricini (eri silkworm), one of the most exploited, domesticated and commercialized non mulberry silkworm is known for mass production of eri silk. The silkworm larvae get exposed to pesticide residues on the leaves of food plants. The present study investigates the effect of commercial formulation of chlorpyrifos (Pyrifos-20 EC) on eri silkworm. Initially the LC50 value of chlorpyrifos was determined at 24-96 h and further experiments were carried out with sub lethal concentrations of the chlorpyrifos after 24 h of exposure period. The potential toxicity of chlorpyrifos was evaluated as a fuction of metabolism and nutritional physiology in 3rd, 4th, and 5th instar larvae. Alteration in histoarchitecture of 5th instar eri silkworm gut exposed to sub lethal concentration of chlorpyrifos formulation was also studied. Chlorpyrifos induced genotoxicity in silkworm hemocytes was also investigated by single cell gel electrophoresis, micronuclei assay, and apoptosis assay. Herein, LC50 values of chlorpyrifos were calculated as 3.83, 3.35, 2.68, and 2.35 mg/L at 24, 48, 72, and 96h respectively. A significant decrease in trehalose activity along with digestive enzyme activity was observed in chlorpyrifos affected groups (P < 0.05). Further, genotoxicity study revealed higher tail percentage, tail length and tail moment of the damage DNA in chlorpyrifos exposed groups (P < 0.001). Moreover, at 2.0 mg/L concentration, ~10 fold increases in tail length was observed as compared to the control. Results showed activation of caspase activity following 24 h chlorpyrifos exposure (1.5 and 2.0 mg/L) in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, in control group less number of apoptotic cells was detected, however in both chlorpyrifos exposed groups' numbers of apoptotic cells were statistically higher (P < 0.001). Taken together, this study provides evidence that chlorpyrifos pollution might have adverse effect on overall nutritional physiology and genotoxicity of eri silkworm that could lead to reduced survivability of this economically beneficial insect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dipali Devi
- Seri-Biotech Unit, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and TechnologyGuwahati, India
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12
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Tian JH, Hu JS, Li FC, Ni M, Li YY, Wang BB, Xu KZ, Shen WD, Li B. Effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on nutrition metabolism in silkworm fat body. Biol Open 2016; 5:764-9. [PMID: 27185267 PMCID: PMC4920180 DOI: 10.1242/bio.015610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Silkworm (Bombyx mori) is an important economic insect with a fat body that plays a crucial role in the storage and transfer of nutrients. It is also known that TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) can improve feed efficiency and promote silk protein synthesis in the silkworm. In this study, we profiled gene expression in the silkworm fat body after TiO2 NP treatment, validated the major RNA-seq findings, and determined the contents of trehalose and triglyceride, the activity of lipase, and the amount of total proteins. RNA-seq analysis revealed that TiO2 NP treatment caused significant expression changes in 341 genes (P≤0.01), 138 of which were upregulated while the other 203 were downregulated. The expression levels of two target genes in the insulin signaling pathway and two protein metabolism-related target genes, three lipid metabolism-associated target genes, two carbohydrate metabolism related target genes and expression levels of seven heat shock protein genes were increased, and that of threonine dehydratase gene and fatty acid transport protein gene were decreased. The RNA-seq results of 16 genes were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. The lipase activity, content of trehalose, and amount of total proteins were elevated by 3.86-fold, 1.34-fold, and 1.21-fold, respectively, and the content of triglyceride was decreased by 0.94-fold after TiO2 NP treatment. These results indicated that TiO2 NPs activated the insulin signaling pathway, promoted the metabolism of protein, fat, and carbohydrate, and improved nutrition metabolism. Our study provides new support for the understanding of the beneficial effect of TiO2 NPs on silkworm nutrient metabolism. Summary: Our study indicates that TiO2 nanoparticles promote nutrient metabolism in the fat body of silkworms, and provide a reference for studies investigating the biological function of TiO2 nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Tian
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - J S Hu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - F C Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - M Ni
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Y Y Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - B B Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - K Z Xu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - W D Shen
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - B Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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13
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Hu JS, Li FC, Xu KZ, Ni M, Wang BB, Tian JH, Li YY, Shen WD, Li B. Mechanisms of TiO2 NPs-induced phoxim metabolism in silkworm (Bombyx mori) fat body. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 129:89-94. [PMID: 27017887 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Silkworm is an important economic insect. Abuse of organophosphorus pesticides in recent years often leads to poisoning of silkworms, which significantly affects sericulture development by reducing silk production. Previous studies have shown that TiO2 NPs can effectively mitigate the damages caused by organophosphorus pesticides in silk glands and nerve tissues. The fat body is an important metabolic detoxification organ of silkworms, but it is unknown whether TiO2 NPs affect pesticide metabolism in fat body. In this study, we characterized the transcription of antioxidant genes and enzyme activity in fat body after TiO2 NPs and phoxim treatments using transcriptome sequencing, real-time PCR, and enzyme activity assay. Transcriptome sequencing detected 10 720, 10 641, 10 403, and 10 489 genes for control group, TiO2 NPs group, phoxim group, and TiO2 NPs+phoxim group, respectively. The TiO2 NPs+phoxim group had 705 genes with significantly differential expression (FDR<0.001), among which the antioxidant genes thioredoxin reductase 1 and glutathione S-transferase omega 3 were significantly upregulated. In phoxim group, the expression levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase delta (GSTd), and thioredoxin peroxidase (TPx) were increased by 1.365 -fold, 1.335 -fold, 1.642 -fold, and 1.765 -fold, respectively. The level changes of SOD, CAT, GSTd, and TPx were validated by real time PCR. The contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were increased by 1.598 -fold, 1.946 -fold, and 1.506 -fold, respectively, indicating that TiO2 NPs treatment can relieve phoxim-induced oxidative stress. To clarify the mechanism of TiO2 NPs's effect, the transcription levels of P450 gene family were measured for the TiO2 NPs+phoxim group; the expression levels of CYP4M5, CYP6AB4, CYP6A8, and CYP9G3 were elevated by 2.784 -fold, 3.047 -fold, 2.254 -fold, and 4.253 -fold, respectively, suggesting that high expression of P450 family genes can enhance the metabolism of phoxim in the fat body. The results of this study indicated that TiO2 NPs treatment promoted the transcriptional expression of the P450 family genes to improve the fat body's ability to metabolize phoxim and reduce phoxim-induced oxidative stress. This may be the main mechanism of TiO2 NPs' mitigation of phoxim-induced damages in the fat body.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Hu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - F C Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - K Z Xu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - M Ni
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - B B Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - J H Tian
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Y Y Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - W D Shen
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - B Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.
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14
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Li F, Hu J, Tian J, Xu K, Ni M, Wang B, Shen W, Li B. Effects of phoxim on nutrient metabolism and insulin signaling pathway in silkworm midgut. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 146:478-485. [PMID: 26741554 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Silkworm (Bombyx mori) is an important economic insect. Each year, poisoning caused by phoxim pesticide leads to huge economic losses in sericulture in China. Silkworm midgut is the major organ for food digestion and nutrient absorption. In this study, we found that the activity and expression of nutrition metabolism-related enzymes were dysregulated in midgut by phoxim exposure. DGE analysis revealed that 40 nutrition metabolism-related genes were differentially expressed. qRT-PCR results indicated that the expression levels of insulin/insulin growth factor signaling (IIS) pathway genes Akt, PI3K, PI3K60, PI3K110, IRS and PDK were reduced, whereas PTEN's expression was significantly increased in the midgut at 24 h after phoxim treatment. However, the transcription levels of Akt, PI3K60, PI3K110, IRS, InR and PDK were elevated and reached the peaks at 48 h, which were 1.48-, 1.35-, 1.21-, 2.24-, 2.89-, and 1.44-fold of those of the control, respectively. At 72 h, the transcription of these genes was reduced. Akt phosphorylation level was increasing along with the growth of silkworms in the control group. However, phoxim treatment led to increased Akt phosphorylation that surged at 24 h but gradually decreased at 48 h and 72 h. The results indicated that phoxim dysregulated the expression of IIS pathway genes and induced abnormal nutrient metabolism in silkworm midgut, which may be the reason of the slow growth of silkworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanchi Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Jingsheng Hu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Jianghai Tian
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Kaizun Xu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Min Ni
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Binbin Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Weide Shen
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.
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15
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Wang J, Li LZ, Liu YG, Teng LR, Lu JH, Xie J, Hu WJ, Liu Y, Liu Y, Wang D, Teng LS. Investigations on the antifatigue and antihypoxic effects of Paecilomyces hepiali extract. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1861-8. [PMID: 26717979 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Paecilomyces hepiali, one of the most valuable and effective Chinese medicinal herbs, possesses potential antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antitumor and anti‑inflammatory properties. The present study aimed to investigate the antifatigue and antihypoxic effects of Paecilomyces hepiali extract (PHC) in a mouse model. Using a rotating rod, forced swimming and running assessment, the antifatigue activity of PHC was determined. PHC administration for 7 days had no effect on mouse horizontal or vertical movement, indicating no neurotoxicity at the selected doses was observed. Using a normobaric hypoxia, sodium nitrite toxicosis and acute cerebral ischemia assessments, PHC was confirmed to possess antihypoxic effects. PHC treatment for 7 days significantly enhanced the serum and liver levels of adenosine triphosphate, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, prior to and following 60 min of swimming. The levels of antioxidant‑associated proteins in the livers of the mice were analyzed using western blotting. PHC effectively increased the expression levels of phosphorylated (p)‑5'‑monophosphate (AMP)‑activated protein kinase (AMPK), p‑protein kinase B (AKT) and p‑mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). The results of the present study demonstrated that PHC efficiently enhanced endurance from fatigue and had antihypoxic effects through elevation of the antioxidant capacity in the serum and liver, at least in part through the AMPK and AKT/mTOR pathways. These results indicate the potential of this natural product as an antioxidant in the treatment of fatigue, hypoxia and their associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Lan Zhou Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Yan Ge Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Li Rong Teng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Jia Hui Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Wen Ji Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Di Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Le Sheng Teng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
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16
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Khalil AM. Neurotoxicity and biochemical responses in the earthworm Pheretima hawayana exposed to TiO2NPs. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 122:455-461. [PMID: 26398239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Serious concerns have been expressed about potential risks of manufactured TiO2NPs. In this research, toxicity of nanoparticulate and bulk TiO2 were examined to the earthworm Pheretima hawayana. The 24-h median lethal concentration (LC50) and sublethal endpoints were assessed. Both NPs and their bulk counterparts were toxic. The 24-h LC50 for TiO2NPs (145.36 mg kg(-1)) was highly toxic than that of bulk TiO2 (357.77 mg kg(-1)). The aim of the present work is to evaluate the suitability of P. hawayana and its biochemical responses to be used as a bioindicator organism and biomarkers of TiO2 toxicity. Earthworms were exposed to three sublethal concentrations of TiO2NPs (1, 10 and 100 µg kg(-1)) for 28 days to test acetylcholinesterase (AChE), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase: SOD and catalase: CAT) activities and MDA content. The response of the antioxidant enzymes combined with AChE inhibition and MDA accumulation indicated that TiO2NPs could induce significant impairments to the earthworms at the actual environment tested concentrations. The results pointed out the high sensitivity of the antioxidant and oxidative stress related responses to TiO2NPs exposure, demonstrating their usefulness in environmental monitoring and risk assessment. The study highlights also the usefulness of earthworm P. hawayana as potential bioindicator species for assessing the risk of nanoparticles environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmonem M Khalil
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
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17
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Zhou L, Fang SM, Huang K, Yu QY, Zhang Z. Characterization of an epsilon-class glutathione S-transferase involved in tolerance in the silkworm larvae after long term exposure to insecticides. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 120:20-26. [PMID: 26024810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the effect of the pesticides on activity and expression of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in the midgut of the silkworm after intense selections by phoxim and fenpropathrin for five and four generations, respectively. GSTs activity towards cumene hydroperoxide (CHP), a substrate of GSH-dependent peroxidase, was significantly increased in the crude homogenate of midguts after long term exposure to the insecticides. An epsilon-class GST gene (BmGSTe2) was identified and showed elevated expression in the midguts of phoxim- and fenpropathrin-selected strains. Expression of BmGSTe2 was only detected in the midgut at transcriptional and translational levels. The recombinant BmGSTE2 possessed peroxidase activity and significantly inhibited by fenpropathrin, phoxim and chlorpyrifos in vitro. These results indicated that BmGSTE2 might be one of the enzymes involved in enhancing larval tolerance to the insecticides used. Furthermore, GST activity and expression level of BmGSTe2 might be used as biomarkers of organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticide exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Shou-Min Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Ke Huang
- College of Forestry and Life Sciences, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan 402160, China
| | - Quan-You Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Ze Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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18
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Wang L, Su M, Zhao X, Hong J, Yu X, Xu B, Sheng L, Liu D, Shen W, Li B, Hong F. Nanoparticulate TiO2 protection of midgut damage in the silkworm (Bombyx mori) following phoxim exposure. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 68:534-542. [PMID: 25552327 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-014-0121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bombyx mori (B. mori) is often subjected to phoxim poisoning in China due to phoxim exposure, which leads to a decrease in silk production. Nanoparticulate (NP) titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) has been shown to attenuate damages in B. mori caused by phoxim exposure. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of midgut injury due to organophosphorus insecticide exposure and its repair by nano-TiO2 pretreatment. In this study, phoxim exposure for 36 h led to significant decreases in body weight and survival and increased oxidative stress and midgut injury. Pretreatment with nano-TiO2 attenuated the phoxim-induced midgut injury, increased body weight and survival, and decreased oxidative stress in the midgut of B. mori. Digital gene-expression data showed that exposure to phoxim results in significant changes in the expression of 254 genes in the phoxim-exposed midgut and 303 genes in phoxim + nano-TiO2-exposed midgut. Specifically, phoxim exposure led to upregulation of Tpx, α-amylase, trypsin, and glycoside hydrolase genes involved in digestion and absorption. Phoxim exposure also led to the downregulation of Cyp450 and Cyp4C1 genes involved in an antioxidant capacity. In contrast, a combination of both phoxim and nano-TiO2 treatment significantly decreased the change in α-amylase, trypsin, and glycoside hydrolases (GHs), which are involved in digestion and absorption. These results indicated that Tpx, α-amylase, trypsin, GHs, Cyp450, and Cyp4C1 may be potential biomarkers of midgut toxicity caused by phoxim exposure and the attenuation of these toxic impacts by nano-TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Library of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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19
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Xu K, Li F, Ma L, Wang B, Zhang H, Ni M, Hong F, Shen W, Li B. Mechanism of enhanced Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus-resistance by titanium dioxide nanoparticles in silkworm. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118222. [PMID: 25692869 PMCID: PMC4333570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The infection of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) in silkworms is often lethal. It is difficult to prevent, and its lethality is correlated with both viral particle characteristics and silkworm strains. Low doses of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) can promote silkworm growth and improve its resistance to organophosphate pesticides. In this study, TiO2 NPs' effect on BmNPV resistance was investigated by analyzing the characteristics of BmNPV proliferation and transcriptional differences in silkworm midgut and the transcriptional changes of immunity related genes after feeding with TiO2 NPs. We found that low doses of TiO2 NPs improved the resistance of silkworm against BmNPV by 14.88-fold, with the mortalities of the experimental group and control group being 0.56% and 8.33% at 144 h, respectively. The proliferation of BmNPV in the midgut was significantly increased 72 h after infection in both experimental and control groups; the control group reached the peak at 120 h, while the experimental group took 24 more hours to reach the maximal value that was 12.63 times lower than the control, indicating that TiO2 NPs can inhibit BmNPV proliferation in the midgut. Consistently, the expression of the BmNPV-resistant gene Bmlipase-1 had the same increase pattern as the proliferation changes. Immune signaling pathway analysis revealed that TiO2 NPs inhibited the proliferation of silkworm BmNPV to reduce the activation levels of janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway, while promoting the expression of Bmakt to improve the immunity. Overall, our results demonstrate that TiO2 NPs increase silkworm resistance against BmNPV by inhibiting virus proliferation and improving immunity in silkworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaizun Xu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Fanchi Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Lie Ma
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Binbin Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Min Ni
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Fashui Hong
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Weide Shen
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
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20
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Xie Y, Wang B, Li F, Ma L, Ni M, Shen W, Hong F, Li B. Molecular mechanisms of reduced nerve toxicity by titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the phoxim-exposed brain of Bombyx mori. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101062. [PMID: 24971466 PMCID: PMC4074129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bombyx mori (B. mori), silkworm, is one of the most important economic insects in the world, while phoxim, an organophosphorus (OP) pesticide, impact its economic benefits seriously. Phoxim exposure can damage the brain, fatbody, midgut and haemolymph of B. mori. However the metabolism of proteins and carbohydrates in phoxim-exposed B. mori can be improved by Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs). In this study, we explored whether TiO2 NPs treatment can reduce the phoxim-induced brain damage of the 5th larval instar of B. mori. We observed that TiO2 NPs pretreatments significantly reduced the mortality of phoxim-exposed larva and relieved severe brain damage and oxidative stress under phoxim exposure in the brain. The treatments also relieved the phoxim-induced increases in the contents of acetylcholine (Ach), glutamate (Glu) and nitric oxide (NO) and the phoxim-induced decreases in the contents of norepinephrine (NE), Dopamine (DA), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and reduced the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Na+/K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase activities and the activation of total nitric oxide synthase (TNOS) in the brain. Furthermore, digital gene expression profile (DGE) analysis and real time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) assay revealed that TiO2 NPs pretreatment inhibited the up-regulated expression of ace1, cytochrome c, caspase-9, caspase-3, Bm109 and down-regulated expression of BmIap caused by phoxim; these genes are involved in nerve conduction, oxidative stress and apoptosis. TiO2 NPs pretreatment also inhibited the down-regulated expression of H+ transporting ATP synthase and vacuolar ATP synthase under phoxim exposure, which are involved in ion transport and energy metabolism. These results indicate that TiO2 NPs pretreatment reduced the phoxim-induced nerve toxicity in the brain of B. mori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xie
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Binbin Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Fanchi Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Lie Ma
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Min Ni
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Weide Shen
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Fashui Hong
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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21
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Li B, Yu X, Gui S, Xie Y, Zhao X, Hong J, Sun Q, Sang X, Sheng L, Cheng Z, Cheng J, Hu R, Wang L, Shen W, Hong F. Molecular mechanisms of phoxim-induced silk gland damage and TiO2 nanoparticle-attenuated damage in Bombyx mori. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 104:221-227. [PMID: 24331035 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Phoxim is a useful organophosphate (OP) pesticide used in agriculture in China, however, exposure to this pesticide can result in a significant reduction in cocooning in Bombyx mori (B. mori). Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been shown to decrease phoxim-induced toxicity in B. mori; however, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms of silk gland damage due to OP exposure and repair of gland damage by TiO2 NP pretreatment. In the present study, exposure to phoxim resulted in a significant reduction in cocooning rate in addition to silk gland damage, whereas TiO2 NP attenuated phoxim-induced gland damage, increased the antioxidant capacity of the gland, and increased cocooning rate in B. mori. Furthermore, digital gene expression data suggested that phoxim exposure led to significant alterations in the expression of 833 genes. In particular, phoxim exposure caused significant down-regulation of Fib-L, Ser2, Ser3, and P25 genes involved in silk protein synthesis, and up-regulation of SFGH, UCH3, and Salhh genes involved in silk protein hydrolysis. A combination of both phoxim and TiO2 NP treatment resulted in marked changes in the expression of 754 genes, while treatment with TiO2 NPs led to significant alterations in the expression of 308 genes. Importantly, pretreatment with TiO2 NPs increased Fib-L, Ser2, Ser3, and P25 expression, and decreased SFGH, UCH3, and Salhh expression in silk protein in the silk gland under phoxim stress. Therefore, Fib-L, Ser2, Ser3, P25, SFGH, UCH3, and Salhh may be potential biomarkers of silk gland toxicity in B. mori caused by phoxim exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaohong Yu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Suxin Gui
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhao
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jie Hong
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qingqing Sun
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xuezi Sang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lei Sheng
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Rengping Hu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Weide Shen
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Fashui Hong
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou 215007, China; Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biomaterials, Ministry of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215007, Jiangsu Province, China.
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22
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Li B, Yu X, Gui S, Xie Y, Hong J, Zhao X, Sheng L, Sang X, Sun Q, Wang L, Shen W, Hong F. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles relieve silk gland damage and increase cocooning of Bombyx mori under phoxim-induced toxicity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:12238-12243. [PMID: 24224746 DOI: 10.1021/jf4039259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate pesticides are applied widely in the world for agricultural purposes, and their exposures often resulted in non-cocooning of Bombyx mori in China. TiO2 nanoparticles have been demonstrated to increase pesticide resistance of Bombyx mori. While the toxicity of phoxim is well-documented, very limited information exists on the mechanisms of TiO2 nanoparticles improving the cocooning function of Bombyx mori following exposure to phoxim. The present study was, therefore, undertaken to determine whether TiO2 nanoparticles attenuate silk gland injury and elevate cocooning of B. mori following exposure to phoxim. The findings suggested that phoxim exposure resulted in severe damages of the silk gland structure and significantly decreased the cocooning in the silk gland of Bombyx mori. Furthermore, phoxim exposure significantly resulted in reductions of total protein concentrations and suppressed expressions of silk protein synthesis-related genes, including Fib-L, Fib-H, P25, Ser-2, and Ser-3, in the silk gland. TiO2 nanoparticle pretreatment, however, could significantly relieve silk gland injury of Bombyx mori. Importantly, TiO2 nanoparticles could remarkably elevate cocooning and total protein contents and promote expressions of Fib-L, Fib-H, P25, Ser-2, and Ser-3 in the silk gland following exposure to phoxim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
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