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van der Windt L, Klumper J, van Limburg Stirum EVJ, van 't Hooft J, van Wely M, van Wassenaer-Leemhuis AG, Pajkrt E, Oudijk MA. Atosiban versus placebo in the treatment of threatened preterm birth between 30 and 34 weeks gestation: study protocol of the 4-year APOSTEL 8 follow-up. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e083600. [PMID: 39025819 PMCID: PMC11261668 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-083600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently, the majority of women worldwide with threatened preterm birth are treated with tocolytics. Although tocolytics can effectively delay birth for 48 hours, no tocolytic drug has convincingly been shown to improve neonatal outcomes and effects on long-term child development are unknown. The aim of this follow-up study of a placebo controlled randomised trial is to investigate the long-term effects of atosiban administration in case of threatened preterm birth on child's neurodevelopment and behaviour development, overall health and mortality. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This protocol concerns a follow-up study of the multicentre randomised double-blind placebo controlled APOSTEL 8 trial (NL61439.018.17, EudraCT-number 2017-001007-72). In this trial, women with threatened preterm birth (between 30 and 34 weeks of gestation) defined as uterine contractions with (1) a cervical length of <15 mm or (2) a cervical length of 15-30 mm and a positive fibronectin test or (3) in centres where cervical length measurement is not part of the local protocol: a positive fibronectin test or Actim-Partus test or (4) ruptured membranes, are randomised to atosiban or placebo for 48 hours. The primary outcome is a composite of perinatal mortality and severe neonatal morbidity. Children born to mothers who participated in the APOSTEL 8 study (n=760) will be eligible for follow-up at 4 years of corrected age and assessed using four parent-reported questionnaires. Primary outcomes are neurodevelopment and behaviour problems. Secondary outcomes are on child growth and general health. All outcomes will be compared between the atosiban and placebo group with OR and corresponding 95% CI. Analyses will be performed using the intention-to-treat approach. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The Medical Research Ethics Committee from Amsterdam UMC confirmed that de Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act (Dutch WMO-law) did not apply to our study (W21_386 # 21.431). Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and shared with stakeholders and participants. This protocol is published before analysis of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa van der Windt
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development research institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Job Klumper
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development research institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Emilie V J van Limburg Stirum
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development research institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Janneke van 't Hooft
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development research institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Madelon van Wely
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development research institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Netherlands Satellite of the Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Group, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Duivendrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aleid G van Wassenaer-Leemhuis
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development research institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Neonatology and Paediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Pajkrt
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development research institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martijn A Oudijk
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development research institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Obstetrics, Amsterdam UMC Locatie De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bluett-Duncan M, Bullen P, Campbell E, Clayton-Smith J, Craig J, García-Fiñana M, Hughes DM, Ingham A, Irwin B, Jackson C, Kelly T, Morrow J, Rushton S, Winterbottom J, Wood AG, Yates LM, Bromley RL. The use of parent-completed questionnaires to investigate developmental outcomes in large populations of children exposed to antiseizure medications in pregnancy. Epilepsia 2024; 65:2017-2029. [PMID: 38776170 DOI: 10.1111/epi.18001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to assess the utility of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3rd Edition (ASQ-3) and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-2nd Edition (VABS-II) as neurodevelopmental screening tools for infants exposed to antiseizure medications in utero, and to examine their suitability for use in large-population signal generation initiatives. METHODS Participants were women with epilepsy who were recruited from 21 hospitals in England and Northern Ireland during pregnancy between 2014 and 2016. Offspring were assessed at 24 months old using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-3rd Edition (BSID-III), the VABS-II, and the ASQ-3 (n = 223). The sensitivity and specificity of the ASQ-3 and VABS-II to identify developmental delay at 24 months were examined, using the BSID-III to define cases. RESULTS The ASQ-3 identified 65 children (29.1%) as at risk of developmental delay at 24 months using standard referral criteria. Using a categorical approach and standard referral criteria to identify delay in the ASQ-3 and BSID-III at 24 months, the ASQ-3 showed excellent sensitivity (90.9%) and moderate specificity (74.1%). Utilizing different cut-points resulted in improved properties and may be preferred in certain contexts. The VABS-II exhibited the strongest psychometric properties when borderline impairment (>1 SD below the mean) was compared to BSID-III referral data (sensitivity = 100.0%, specificity = 96.6%). SIGNIFICANCE Both the ASQ-3 and VABS-II have good psychometric properties in a sample of children exposed to antiseizure medications when the purpose is the identification of at-risk groups. These findings identify the ASQ-3 as a measure that could be used effectively as part of a tiered surveillance system for teratogenic exposure by identifying a subset of individuals for more detailed investigations. Although the VABS-II has excellent psychometric properties, it is more labor-intensive for both the research team and participants and is available in fewer languages than the ASQ-3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip Bullen
- Department of Obstetric and Fetal Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Ellen Campbell
- Department of Neurology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Jill Clayton-Smith
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - John Craig
- Department of Neurology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Marta García-Fiñana
- Department of Health Data Science, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - David M Hughes
- Department of Health Data Science, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Amy Ingham
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Beth Irwin
- Department of Neurology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Cerian Jackson
- Department of Neuropsychology, Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Teresa Kelly
- Department of Obstetric and Fetal Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - James Morrow
- Department of Neurology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Sarah Rushton
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Janine Winterbottom
- Department of Neurology, Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Amanda G Wood
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura M Yates
- Department for Clinical Genetics, Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle, UK
| | - Rebecca L Bromley
- Division of Neuroscience, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
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Souka AP, Maritsa VA, Eleftheriades M. Screening vs. no screening for preterm delivery in low-risk singleton pregnancies: comparison by propensity score analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 309:133-138. [PMID: 36580115 PMCID: PMC10770190 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-022-06882-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effect of a policy of screening for spontaneous preterm delivery (SPD) by transvaginal cervical length (CL) measurement versus a no screening policy in the prevention of severe prematurity. METHODS Retrospective study on low-risk singleton pregnancies examined at 20-24 weeks. Two cohorts, one with SPD screening and the other without screening, were matched using propensity analysis to create the study groups. Women with short CL were treated with vaginal progesterone and/or cervical cerclage/pessary. The outcomes examined were SPD < 32 weeks (SPD 32) and SPD between 20 and 32 weeks (SPD 20-32). RESULTS Screening for SPD was associated with a significant reduction in the rate of SPD at less than 32 weeks (0.3 vs. 0.8%, p = 0.001 in the screened and no screened pregnancies, respectively) and in the rate of SPD 20-32 (0.3 vs. 0.9%, p = 0.005 in the screened and no screened pregnancies, respectively). After adjusting for maternal age, parity, body mass index, smoking and mode of conception, the screening group had significantly lower hazard for SPD 20-32 (HR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.18-0.75, p = 0.006) and SPD32 (HR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.19-0.82, p = 0.013). CONCLUSION Screening for SPD by transvaginal CL measurement in mid-pregnancy may reduce the incidence of severe prematurity in low-risk singleton pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena P Souka
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Leto Maternity Hospital, 7-13 Mouson Str, 11524, Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Makarios Eleftheriades
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Aretaieio Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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van Limburg Stirum EVJ, van der Windt LI, van Dijk CE, van Baar AL, Leemhuis AG, van Wely M, de Boer MA, van 't Hooft J, Oudijk MA, Pajkrt E. Pessary or progesterone to prevent preterm birth in women with short cervical length: protocol of the 4-6 year follow-up of a randomised controlled trial (Quadruple-P). BMJ Open 2022; 12:e064049. [PMID: 36002221 PMCID: PMC9413189 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaginal progesterone and a cervical pessary are both interventions that are investigated for the prevention of preterm birth (PTB). Thus far, beneficial or harmful effects of these interventions on long-term child health and development are described, but evidence is not robust enough to draw firm conclusions. With this follow-up study, we intent to investigate if progesterone or a pessary is superior for the prevention of PTB considering the child's health at 4-6 years of corrected age. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study is a follow-up study of the Quadruple-P trial; a multicentre, randomised clinical trial (NL42926.018.13, Eudractnumber 2013-002884-24) which randomises women with an asymptomatic midtrimester short cervix to daily progesterone or a pessary for the prevention of PTB. All children born to mothers who participated in the Quadruple-P study (n=628 singletons and n=332 multiples) will be eligible for follow-up at 4-6 years of corrected age. Children will be assessed using parental questionnaires. Main outcomes are child (neuro)development and behaviour. Other outcomes include child mortality, growth and general health. A composite of adverse child outcomes will be compared between the progesterone and pessary groups reporting OR and the corresponding 95% CI. Analyses will be performed separately for singletons and multiples and using the intention-to-treat approach. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The Medical Research Ethics Committee from Amsterdam UMC confirmed that de Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act (WMO) did not apply to our study (W20_481 #20.531). Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and shared with stakeholders and participants. This protocol is published before analysis of the results. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Dutch Trial Register (NL9646).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie V J van Limburg Stirum
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Larissa I van der Windt
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E van Dijk
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Aleid G Leemhuis
- Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Neonatology and Paediatrics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Madelon van Wely
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjon A de Boer
- Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke van 't Hooft
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn A Oudijk
- Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Pajkrt
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Landman AJEMC, van Limburg Stirum EVJ, van 't Hooft J, Leemhuis AG, Finken MJJ, van Baar AL, Roseboom TJ, Ravelli ACJ, van Wely M, Oosterlaan J, Painter RC, Pajkrt E, Oudijk MA, de Boer MA. Long-term outcomes following antenatal exposure to low-dose aspirin: study protocol for the 4-year follow-up of the APRIL randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060632. [PMID: 35940829 PMCID: PMC9364408 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of low-dose aspirin by pregnant women to prevent preterm pre-eclampsia is gradually increasing. The administration of aspirin during pregnancy improves perinatal outcome, which could translate into improved child outcome in the long term. However, antenatal exposure to aspirin could have adverse effects on child development that may manifest later in life. The aim of this follow-up study is to assess the long-term effects of antenatal exposure to low-dose aspirin compared with placebo on survival, (neuro)development, behaviour and general health at 4 years corrected age. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a follow-up study of the Dutch double-blind randomised controlled APRIL trial which assessed the effectiveness of treatment with aspirin (80 mg daily) compared with placebo for the prevention of preterm birth in women with a previous spontaneous preterm birth. Treatment was initiated before 16 weeks of gestation and continued until 36 weeks or birth. We aim to follow-up all 379 children born to women who participated in the APRIL trial and survived the neonatal period, at the corrected age of 4 years. The main outcomes are (neuro)development as assessed by the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, and behaviour as assessed by the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Additional outcomes include mortality, growth and general health from birth up to 4 years, and a composite outcome including mortality, abnormal (neuro)development and problem behaviour. Analyses will be performed by intention-to-treat using a superiority design. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Institutional Review Board approval was obtained from the Medical Research Ethics Committee from Amsterdam Medical Center (no. W20 289#20.325). The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER The APRIL trial (NTR5675, NL5553; EudraCT number 2015-003220-31) and the APRIL follow-up study (NL8950) are registered in the Dutch trial register. The study is funded by the Amsterdam Reproduction & Development research institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anadeijda J E M C Landman
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emilie V J van Limburg Stirum
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location location University of Amsterdam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke van 't Hooft
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location location University of Amsterdam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aleid G Leemhuis
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Neonatology and Paediatrics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J J Finken
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anneloes L van Baar
- Utrecht University, Department of Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa J Roseboom
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location location University of Amsterdam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita C J Ravelli
- Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Madelon van Wely
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location location University of Amsterdam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Neonatology and Paediatrics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Follow-Me program & Emma Neuroscience Group, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca C Painter
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location location University of Amsterdam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Pajkrt
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location location University of Amsterdam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn A Oudijk
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location location University of Amsterdam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjon A de Boer
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Simons NE, van Limburg Stirum EVJ, van Wassenaer-Leemhuis AG, Finken MJJ, Aarnoudse-Moens CSH, Oosterlaan J, van Baar A, Roseboom TJ, Lim AC, van Wely M, de Boer MA, Painter RC, Pajkrt E, Oudijk MA, van T Hooft J. Long-term follow-up of children exposed in-utero to progesterone treatment for prevention of preterm birth: study protocol of the AMPHIA follow-up. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e053066. [PMID: 34548367 PMCID: PMC8458362 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preterm birth is one of the main problems in obstetrics, and the most important cause of neonatal mortality, morbidity and neurodevelopmental impairment. Multiple gestation is an important risk factor for preterm birth, with up to 50% delivering before 37 weeks. Progesterone has a role in maintaining pregnancy and is frequently prescribed to prevent (recurrent) preterm birth and improve pregnancy outcomes in high-risk patients. However, little is known about its long-term effects in multiple gestations. The objective of this follow-up study is to assess long-term benefits and harms of prenatal exposure to progesterone treatment in multiple gestations on child development. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a follow-up study of a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial (AMPHIA trial, ISRCTN40512715). Between 2006 and 2009 women with a multiple gestation were randomised at 16-20 weeks of gestation to weekly injections 250 mg 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate or placebo, until 36 weeks of gestation or delivery. The current long-term follow-up will assess all children (n=1355) born to mothers who participated in the AMPHIA trial, at 11-14 years of age, with internationally validated questionnaires, completed by themselves, their parents and their teachers. MAIN OUTCOMES ARE CHILD COGNITION AND BEHAVIOUR Additional outcomes are death (perinatal and up to age 14), gender identity, educational performance and health-related problems. We will use intention-to-treat analyses comparing experimental and placebo group. To adjust for the correlation between twins, general linear mixed-effects models will be used. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Amsterdam UMC MEC provided a waiver for the Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act (W20_234#20.268). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and summaries shared with stakeholders, patients and participants. This protocol is published before analysis of the results. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NL8933.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor E Simons
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emilie V J van Limburg Stirum
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aleid G van Wassenaer-Leemhuis
- Department of Neonatology and Paediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J J Finken
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children's Hospital Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelieke S H Aarnoudse-Moens
- Department of Neonatology and Paediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Department of Paediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anneloes van Baar
- Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa J Roseboom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arianne C Lim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht UMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Madelon van Wely
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjon A de Boer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rebecca C Painter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Pajkrt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn A Oudijk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke van T Hooft
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Anumba DOC, Stern V, Healey JT, Dixon S, Brown BH. Value of cervical electrical impedance spectroscopy to predict spontaneous preterm delivery in asymptomatic women: the ECCLIPPx prospective cohort study. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2021; 58:293-302. [PMID: 32798253 DOI: 10.1002/uog.22180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Preterm birth (PTB) accounts for two-thirds of deaths of structurally normal babies and is associated with substantial lifetime healthcare costs. Prevention of PTB remains limited by the modest accuracy of prediction methods, namely transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) cervical length (CL) measurement and quantitative cervicovaginal fetal fibronectin (FFN) estimation. We report the first substantive study detailing the predictive performance of a cervical probe device based on electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for PTB - the EleCtriCaL Impedance Prediction of Preterm birth by spectroscopy of the cervix (ECCLIPPx) study. We aimed to compare the accuracy of cervical EIS-based prediction of spontaneous PTB with that of prediction using TVS-CL and FFN in asymptomatic women in the mid-trimester. METHODS We studied asymptomatic women with a singleton pregnancy at 20-22 weeks' and 26-28 weeks' gestation. EIS was performed using a Sheffield Mark 5.0 device that makes measurements in the frequency range 76 Hz to 625 kHz using a small probe housing tetrapolar electrodes. TVS-CL and FFN were also measured. The associations of cervical EIS, TVS-CL and FFN with spontaneous delivery before 37 weeks and before 32 weeks were determined by multivariate linear and non-linear logistic regression analysis. Areas under the receiver-operating-characteristics curves (AUC) plots of sensitivity against specificity were used to compare the predictive performance of all parameters, both in isolation and in combination. RESULTS Of the 365 asymptomatic women studied at 20-22 weeks who were not receiving treatment, 29 had spontaneous PTB, 14 had indicated PTB and 322 had term birth. At the higher frequencies assessed, cervical EIS predicted spontaneous PTB before 37 weeks with an AUC of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.71-0.81), compared with AUCs of 0.72 (95% CI, 0.66-0.76) for TVS-CL and 0.62 (95% CI, 0.56-0.72) for FFN. Combining all three assessments improved the prediction of spontaneous PTB before 37 weeks (AUC, 0.79 (95% CI, 0.74-0.83)) compared with TVS-CL and FFN alone. Incorporating a history of spontaneous PTB (defined as previous mid-trimester miscarriage or spontaneous PTB (14 to < 37 weeks)) into the cervical EIS prediction model improved the accuracy of prediction of spontaneous PTB before 37 weeks (AUC, 0.83 (95% CI, 0.78-0.87)) and before 32 weeks (AUC, 0.86 (95% CI, 0.82-0.90)). CONCLUSIONS Mid-trimester cervical EIS assessment predicts spontaneous PTB. Larger confirmatory studies investigating its potential clinical utility and to inform effective preventive interventions are required. © 2020 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O C Anumba
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - V Stern
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - J T Healey
- Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - S Dixon
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - B H Brown
- Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Simons NE, Leeuw M, van’t Hooft J, Limpens J, Roseboom TJ, Oudijk MA, Pajkrt E, Finken MJJ, Painter RC. The long-term effect of prenatal progesterone treatment on child development, behaviour and health: a systematic review. BJOG 2021; 128:964-974. [PMID: 33112462 PMCID: PMC8246867 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progesterone is widely used in prenatal care. However, long-term effects of prenatal progesterone treatment on child development are unclear. OBJECTIVES To evaluate long-term outcomes in children after prenatal progesterone treatment. SEARCH STRATEGY MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to 24 May 2020. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) reporting outcomes in children born to women who received progesterone treatment (compared with placebo or another intervention) during any trimester in pregnancy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently selected and extracted data. We used the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomised trials and Quality In Prognosis Studies. MAIN RESULTS Of 388 papers, we included seven articles based on five RCTs, comprising 4222 measurements of children aged 6 months to 8 years. All studies compared progesterone to placebo in second and/or third trimester for the prevention of preterm birth. Meta-analysis (two studies, n = 890 children) showed no difference in neurodevelopment as assessed by the Bayley-III Cognitive Composite score at 2 years between children exposed to progesterone versus placebo (Standardised Mean Difference -0.04, 95% Confidence Interval -0.26 to 0.19), I2 = 22%. Heterogeneity prohibited additional meta-analyses. Other long-term outcomes showed no differences. CONCLUSIONS Our systematic review comprising a multitude of developmental measurements with a broad age range did not find evidence of benefit or harm in offspring prenatally exposed to progesterone treatment for the prevention of preterm birth. We identified an urgent need for follow-up studies of prenatal progesterone administration in early pregnancy and effects in offspring beyond early childhood. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Progesterone to prevent preterm birth: no effect on child development. Outcomes after first trimester progesterone are unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- NE Simons
- Department of ObstetricsAmsterdam Reproduction and Development Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - M Leeuw
- Department of ObstetricsAmsterdam Reproduction and Development Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - J van’t Hooft
- Department of ObstetricsAmsterdam Reproduction and Development Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - J Limpens
- Medical LibraryResearch SupportAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - TJ Roseboom
- Department of ObstetricsAmsterdam Reproduction and Development Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data ScienceAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - MA Oudijk
- Department of ObstetricsAmsterdam Reproduction and Development Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - E Pajkrt
- Department of ObstetricsAmsterdam Reproduction and Development Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - MJJ Finken
- Department of Paediatric EndocrinologyEmma Children’s HospitalAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - RC Painter
- Department of ObstetricsAmsterdam Reproduction and Development Research InstituteAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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