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Lindquist KP, Eghdami A, Deschene CR, Heyer AJ, Wen J, Smith AG, Solomon EI, Lee YS, Neaton JB, Ryan DH, Karunadasa HI. Stabilizing Au 2+ in a mixed-valence 3D halide perovskite. Nat Chem 2023; 15:1780-1786. [PMID: 37640854 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01305-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Although Cu2+ is ubiquitous, the relativistic destabilization of the 5d orbitals makes the isoelectronic Au2+ exceedingly rare, typically stabilized only through Au-Au bonding or by using redox non-innocent ligands. Here we report the perovskite Cs4AuIIAuIII2Cl12, an extended solid with mononuclear Au2+ sites, which is stable to ambient conditions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The 2+ oxidation state of Au was assigned using 197Au Mössbauer spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, and magnetic susceptibility measurements, with comparison to paramagnetic and diamagnetic analogues with Cu2+ and Pd2+, respectively, as well as to density functional theory calculations. This gold perovskite offers an opportunity to study the optical and electronic transport of the uncommon Au2+/3+ mixed-valence state and the characteristics of the elusive Au2+ ion coordinated to simple ligands. Compared with the perovskite Cs2AuIAuIIICl6, which has been studied since the 1920s, Cs4AuIIAuIII2Cl12 exhibits a 0.7 eV reduction in optical absorption onset and a 103-fold increase in electronic conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Armin Eghdami
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Jiajia Wen
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Alexander G Smith
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Edward I Solomon
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Young S Lee
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Neaton
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Dominic H Ryan
- Physics Department and Centre for the Physics of Materials, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hemamala I Karunadasa
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
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Heinze K. Die Suche nach einkernigem Gold(II) und seine mögliche Rolle in Photokatalyse und Medizinalchemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Heinze
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
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3
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Heinze K. The Quest for Mononuclear Gold(II) and Its Potential Role in Photocatalysis and Drug Action. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:16126-16134. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Heinze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
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Preiß S, Melomedov J, Wünsche von Leupoldt A, Heinze K. Gold(iii) tetraarylporphyrin amino acid derivatives: ligand or metal centred redox chemistry? Chem Sci 2016; 7:596-610. [PMID: 29896349 PMCID: PMC5952892 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03429a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
EPR spectroscopy and DFT calculations show that the site of reduction of porphyrinato gold(iii) complexes depends on the counterions X, the meso substituents R and the solvent.
Meso tetraarylporphyrinato gold(iii) cations bearing different substituents at the aryl substituents (COOMe, COOH, NO2, NH2, NHAc, H, OnBu, CF3) were prepared and characterised. Their reversible one-electron reductions were studied by (spectro)electrochemical means as well as by selective chemical one-electron reduction using cobaltocene. The preferred location of the spin density, namely gold centred or porphyrin centred, was probed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (g values, 197Au hyperfine coupling) as well as by density functional theory calculations (spin densities). In all cases studied experimentally and theoretically, the gold(ii) valence isomer (5d9 electron configuration) is preferred over the porphyrin π radical anion. In the hexafluorophosphate salt of the nitro derivative a further nitro π radical anion valence isomeric species is significantly populated. In the presence of chloride ions this nitro π radical anion/AuII valence isomeric equilibrium evolves towards the porphyrin π radical anion. The electronic structures of the nitro π radical and the AuII σ radical valence isomers (5dx2–y2 orbital) could be calculated by DFT methods. The electron transfer pathway between the nitro π radical anion and the AuII valence isomer is well described by the location of the hexfluorophosphate counterion, the Au–N distances (corresponding to the totally symmetric stretching vibration), the symmetric stretching mode of the NO2 substituent and a meso-nitrophenyl rotation. The specific geometric and electronic properties of the favoured gold(ii) σ radical valence isomer, namely counterion dislocation and σ symmetry of the redox orbital, might stabilise charge-shifted states [(gold(ii) porphyrin)-donor˙+] by retarding the back electron transfer to give the ground state (gold(iii) porphyrin)-donor. This will guide the design of (photo-induced) electron transfer pathways with tetraarylporphyrinato gold(iii) complexes as electron acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Preiß
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14 , 55128 Mainz , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49-6131-39-25886
| | - Jascha Melomedov
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14 , 55128 Mainz , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49-6131-39-25886
| | - Anica Wünsche von Leupoldt
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14 , 55128 Mainz , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49-6131-39-25886
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14 , 55128 Mainz , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49-6131-39-25886
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5
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Ma Y, Yan Z, Bian C, Li K, Zhang X, Wang M, Gao X, Zhang H, Lei A. Synthesis of oxazoles by silver catalysed oxidative decarboxylation–cyclization of α-oxocarboxylates and isocyanides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:10524-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02253c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This work developed a silver catalysed synthesis of oxazoles by the oxidative decarboxylation–cyclization of α-oxocarboxylates and isocyanides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Ma
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Yan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Changliang Bian
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Ke Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Mengfan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Xinlong Gao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
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Liu J, Fan C, Yin H, Qin C, Zhang G, Zhang X, Yi H, Lei A. Synthesis of 6-acyl phenanthridines by oxidative radical decarboxylation–cyclization of α-oxocarboxylates and isocyanides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:2145-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc49026b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A silver catalysed synthesis of 6-acyl phenanthridines by oxidative radical decarboxylation–cyclization of α-oxocarboxylates and isocyanides was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Chao Fan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Yin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Chu Qin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Guoting Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan, P. R. China
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis
- Jiangxi Normal University
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Levason W, Reid G. Hetero-Crown Ethers-Synthesis and Metal-Binding Properties of Macrocyclic Ligands Bearing Group 16 (S, Se, Te) Donor Atoms. Supramol Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470661345.smc049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Huang D, Zhang X, McInnes EJL, McMaster J, Blake AJ, Davies ES, Wolowska J, Wilson C, Schröder M. Crystallographic, Electrochemical, and Electronic Structure Studies of the Mononuclear Complexes of Au(I)/(II)/(III) with [9]aneS2O ([9]aneS2O = 1-oxa-4,7-dithiacyclononane). Inorg Chem 2008; 47:9919-29. [DOI: 10.1021/ic8010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deguang Huang
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG9 2RD, U.K., and EPSRC Multi-Frequency EPR Center, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG9 2RD, U.K., and EPSRC Multi-Frequency EPR Center, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Eric J. L. McInnes
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG9 2RD, U.K., and EPSRC Multi-Frequency EPR Center, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jonathan McMaster
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG9 2RD, U.K., and EPSRC Multi-Frequency EPR Center, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Alexander J. Blake
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG9 2RD, U.K., and EPSRC Multi-Frequency EPR Center, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - E. Stephen Davies
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG9 2RD, U.K., and EPSRC Multi-Frequency EPR Center, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Joanna Wolowska
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG9 2RD, U.K., and EPSRC Multi-Frequency EPR Center, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Claire Wilson
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG9 2RD, U.K., and EPSRC Multi-Frequency EPR Center, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Martin Schröder
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG9 2RD, U.K., and EPSRC Multi-Frequency EPR Center, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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Huang D, Blake AJ, McInnes EJL, McMaster J, Davies ES, Wilson C, Wolowska J, Schröder M. Electronic structure of the mononuclear Ag(ii) complex [Ag([18]aneS4O2)]2+ ([18]aneS4O2 = 1,10-dioxa-4,7,13,16-tetrathiacyclooctadecane). Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:1305-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b717647c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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