1
|
Kinnunen M, Liu X, Niemelä E, Öhman T, Gawriyski L, Salokas K, Keskitalo S, Varjosalo M. The Impact of ETV6-NTRK3 Oncogenic Gene Fusions on Molecular and Signaling Pathway Alterations. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4246. [PMID: 37686522 PMCID: PMC10486691 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations creating fusion genes are common cancer drivers. The oncogenic ETV6-NTRK3 (EN) gene fusion joins the sterile alpha domain of the ETV6 transcription factor with the tyrosine kinase domain of the neurotrophin-3 receptor NTRK3. Four EN variants with alternating break points have since been detected in a wide range of human cancers. To provide molecular level insight into EN oncogenesis, we employed a proximity labeling mass spectrometry approach to define the molecular context of the fusions. We identify in total 237 high-confidence interactors, which link EN fusions to several key signaling pathways, including ERBB, insulin and JAK/STAT. We then assessed the effects of EN variants on these pathways, and showed that the pan NTRK inhibitor Selitrectinib (LOXO-195) inhibits the oncogenic activity of EN2, the most common variant. This systems-level analysis defines the molecular framework in which EN oncofusions operate to promote cancer and provides some mechanisms for therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matias Kinnunen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Niemelä
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Öhman
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lisa Gawriyski
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Salokas
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salla Keskitalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ray S, Hewitt K. Sticky, Adaptable, and Many-sided: SAM protein versatility in normal and pathological hematopoietic states. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2300022. [PMID: 37318311 PMCID: PMC10527593 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With decades of research seeking to generalize sterile alpha motif (SAM) biology, many outstanding questions remain regarding this multi-tool protein module. Recent data from structural and molecular/cell biology has begun to reveal new SAM modes of action in cell signaling cascades and biomolecular condensation. SAM-dependent mechanisms underlie blood-related (hematologic) diseases, including myelodysplastic syndromes and leukemias, prompting our focus on hematopoiesis for this review. With the increasing coverage of SAM-dependent interactomes, a hypothesis emerges that SAM interaction partners and binding affinities work to fine tune cell signaling cascades in developmental and disease contexts, including hematopoiesis and hematologic disease. This review discusses what is known and remains unknown about the standard mechanisms and neoplastic properties of SAM domains and what the future might hold for developing SAM-targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhita Ray
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States
| | - Kyle Hewitt
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lu DY, Ellegast JM, Ross KN, Malone CF, Lin S, Mabe NW, Dharia NV, Meyer A, Conway A, Su AH, Selich-Anderson J, Taslim C, Byrum AK, Seong BKA, Adane B, Gray NS, Rivera MN, Lessnick SL, Stegmaier K. The ETS transcription factor ETV6 constrains the transcriptional activity of EWS-FLI to promote Ewing sarcoma. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:285-297. [PMID: 36658220 PMCID: PMC9928584 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-01059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are frequently mutated in cancer. Paediatric cancers exhibit few mutations genome-wide but frequently harbour sentinel mutations that affect TFs, which provides a context to precisely study the transcriptional circuits that support mutant TF-driven oncogenesis. A broadly relevant mechanism that has garnered intense focus involves the ability of mutant TFs to hijack wild-type lineage-specific TFs in self-reinforcing transcriptional circuits. However, it is not known whether this specific type of circuitry is equally crucial in all mutant TF-driven cancers. Here we describe an alternative yet central transcriptional mechanism that promotes Ewing sarcoma, wherein constraint, rather than reinforcement, of the activity of the fusion TF EWS-FLI supports cancer growth. We discover that ETV6 is a crucial TF dependency that is specific to this disease because it, counter-intuitively, represses the transcriptional output of EWS-FLI. This work discovers a previously undescribed transcriptional mechanism that promotes cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Y Lu
- Harvard/MIT MD-PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jana M Ellegast
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth N Ross
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Clare F Malone
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shan Lin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Mabe
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Neekesh V Dharia
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ashleigh Meyer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amy Conway
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Angela H Su
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Julia Selich-Anderson
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cenny Taslim
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Andrea K Byrum
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bo Kyung A Seong
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Biniam Adane
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miguel N Rivera
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Stephen L Lessnick
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and BMT, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly Stegmaier
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou C, Uluisik R, Rowley JW, David C, Jones CL, Scharer CD, Noetzli L, Fisher MH, Kirkpatrick GD, Bark K, Boss JM, Henry CJ, Pietras EM, Di Paola J, Porter CC. Germline ETV6 mutation promotes inflammation and disrupts lymphoid development of early hematopoietic progenitors. Exp Hematol 2022; 112-113:24-34. [PMID: 35803545 PMCID: PMC9885892 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Germline mutations in ETV6 are associated with a syndrome of thrombocytopenia and leukemia predisposition, and ETV6 is among the most commonly mutated genes in leukemias, especially childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, the mechanisms underlying disease caused by ETV6 dysfunction are poorly understood. To address these gaps in knowledge, using CRISPR/Cas9, we developed a mouse model of the most common recurrent, disease-causing germline mutation in ETV6. We found defects in hematopoiesis related primarily to abnormalities of the multipotent progenitor population 4 (MPP4) subset of hematopoietic progenitor cells and evidence of sterile inflammation. Expression of ETV6 in Ba/F3 cells altered the expression of several cytokines, some of which were also detected at higher levels in the bone marrow of the mice with Etv6 mutation. Among these, interleukin-18 and interleukin-13 abrogated B-cell development of sorted MPP4 cells, but not common lymphoid progenitors, suggesting that inflammation contributes to abnormal hematopoiesis by impairing lymphoid development. These data, along with those from humans, support a model in which ETV6 dysfunction promotes inflammation, which adversely affects thrombopoiesis and promotes leukemogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengjing Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Rizvan Uluisik
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jesse W Rowley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Camille David
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Christopher D Scharer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Marlie H Fisher
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Katrina Bark
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jeremy M Boss
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Curtis J Henry
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Eric M Pietras
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Jorge Di Paola
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Christopher C Porter
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vertegaal ACO. Signalling mechanisms and cellular functions of SUMO. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:715-731. [PMID: 35750927 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sumoylation is an essential post-translational modification that is catalysed by a small number of modifying enzymes but regulates thousands of target proteins in a dynamic manner. Small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) can be attached to target proteins as one or more monomers or in the form of polymers of different types. Non-covalent readers recognize SUMO-modified proteins via SUMO interaction motifs. SUMO simultaneously modifies groups of functionally related proteins to regulate predominantly nuclear processes, including gene expression, the DNA damage response, RNA processing, cell cycle progression and proteostasis. Recent progress has increased our understanding of the cellular and pathophysiological roles of SUMO modifications, extending their functions to the regulation of immunity, pluripotency and nuclear body assembly in response to oxidative stress, which partly occurs through the recently characterized mechanism of liquid-liquid phase separation. Such progress in understanding the roles and regulation of sumoylation opens new avenues for the targeting of SUMO to treat disease, and indeed the first drug blocking sumoylation is currently under investigation in clinical trials as a possible anticancer agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfred C O Vertegaal
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fisher MH, Kirkpatrick GD, Stevens B, Jones C, Callaghan M, Rajpurkar M, Fulbright J, Cooper MA, Rowley J, Porter CC, Gutierrez-Hartmann A, Jones K, Jordan C, Pietras EM, Di Paola J. ETV6 germline mutations cause HDAC3/NCOR2 mislocalization and upregulation of interferon response genes. JCI Insight 2020; 5:140332. [PMID: 32841218 PMCID: PMC7526537 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ETV6 is an ETS family transcription factor that plays a key role in hematopoiesis and megakaryocyte development. Our group and others have identified germline mutations in ETV6 resulting in autosomal dominant thrombocytopenia and predisposition to malignancy; however, molecular mechanisms defining the role of ETV6 in megakaryocyte development have not been well established. Using a combination of molecular, biochemical, and sequencing approaches in patient-derived PBMCs, we demonstrate abnormal cytoplasmic localization of ETV6 and the HDAC3/NCOR2 repressor complex that led to overexpression of HDAC3-regulated interferon response genes. This transcriptional dysregulation was also reflected in patient-derived platelet transcripts and drove aberrant proplatelet formation in megakaryocytes. Our results suggest that aberrant transcription may predispose patients with ETV6 mutations to bone marrow inflammation, dysplasia, and megakaryocyte dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlie H. Fisher
- Molecular Biology Graduate Program
- Medical Scientist Training Program, and
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Gregory D. Kirkpatrick
- Medical Scientist Training Program, and
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Brett Stevens
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Courtney Jones
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael Callaghan
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Madhvi Rajpurkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Joy Fulbright
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Megan A. Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jesse Rowley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Christopher C. Porter
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Arthur Gutierrez-Hartmann
- Molecular Biology Graduate Program
- Department of Internal Medicine and
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kenneth Jones
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Craig Jordan
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Eric M. Pietras
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jorge Di Paola
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
We and others recently described families with germline heterozygote mutations in ETV6 leading to autosomal dominant highly penetrant thrombocytopenia, red cell macrocytosis and predisposition to leukemia.The bone marrow of affected individuals shows erythroid dysplasia and hyperplasia of small, hypolobulated immature megakaryocytes suggesting a differentiation arrest. This discovery led to subsequent studies that confirmed our findings and to additional larger studies that demonstrated a 1% frequency of germline ETV6 mutations among 4405 individuals with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Additionally, a 4.5% prevalence of ETV6 germline mutations was reported in families with inherited thrombocytopenia. Preliminary data suggest that decreased ETV6 function leads to MK maturation arrest, impaired platelet production and differentially expressed platelet transcripts among individuals affected with ETV6 mutations when compared to control relatives. Additionally, individuals with some ETV6 mutation exhibit bleeding that appears disproportionate to the mildly reduced platelet count, suggesting a platelet function deficit. Furthermore, recent studies describe decreased ability of platelets from individuals with ETV6 mutations to spread on fibrinogen covered surfaces. Overall, ETV6 germline mutations represent a new cancer predisposition thrombocytopenia with platelet dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Di Paola
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Marlie H Fisher
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guo C, Gao C, Zhao D, Li J, Wang J, Sun X, Liu Q, Hao L, Greenaway FT, Tian Y, Liu S, Sun MZ. A novel ETV6-miR-429-CRKL regulatory circuitry contributes to aggressiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:70. [PMID: 32326970 PMCID: PMC7178969 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01559-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor metastasis is one of the main causes of the high mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). E-Twenty Six variant gene 6 (ETV6) is a strong transcriptional repressor, associated with the development and progression of tumors. However, the exact role and underlying mechanism of ETV6 in HCC remain unclear. METHODS Western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression levels of ETV6, CRKL (v-crk sarcoma virus CT10 oncogene homologue (avian)-like) and miR-429 in HCC tissues and cells; Transwell chamber and F-actin cytoskeleton staining assay to examine the effects of ETV6 and CRKL deregulation on the migration, invasion and cytoskeleton of HCC cells; Co-immunoprecipitation assay to determine the interaction between CRKL and ETV6; Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay to investigate the interaction between ETV6 and miR-429. RESULTS We established a novel ETV6-miR-429-CRKL regulatory circuitry contributes to HCC metastasis. ETV6 and CRKL were frequently increased, while miR-429 was downregulated in both hepatocarcinoma tissues and hepatocarcinoma cells. Moreover, ETV6 upregulation was positively correlated with CRKL upregulation, and two negative correlations were also established for ETV6 and CRKL upregulation with miR-429 downregulation in both hepatocarcinoma patients' tumorous tissues and hepatocarcinoma cells. Functional investigations revealed that overexpression and knockdown of ETV6 was remarkably effective in promoting and suppressing HCC cell migration, invasion, cytoskeleton F-actin expression and arrangement, whereas, CRKL overexpression exhibited similar effects to the overexpression of ETV6. Mechanistically, ETV6 negatively regulates miR-429 expression by directly binding to the promoter region of miR-429; miR-429 negatively regulates CRKL expression by selectively targeting CRKL-3'-UTR; ETV6 directly binds to CRKL and positively regulates its expression, which in turn CRKL positively regulates ETV6 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated that ETV6 promotes migration and invasion of HCC cells by directly binding to promoter region of miR-429 via modulating CRKL expression. The newly identified ETV6-miR-429-CRKL regulatory circuitry contributes to the aggressiveness of HCC, which provides new clues for fundamental research on diagnosis and treatment parameters for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Guo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Dongting Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jinxia Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xujuan Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Qinlong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Lihong Hao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Frederick T Greenaway
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA, 01610, USA
| | - Yuxiang Tian
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Shuqing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Ming-Zhong Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bloom M, Maciaszek JL, Clark ME, Pui CH, Nichols KE. Recent advances in genetic predisposition to pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Expert Rev Hematol 2020; 13:55-70. [PMID: 31657974 PMCID: PMC10576863 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2020.1685866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Historically, the majority of childhood cancers, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), were not thought to have a hereditary basis. However, recent germline genomic studies have revealed that at least 5 - 10% of children with cancer (and approximately 3 - 4% of children with ALL) develop the disease due to an underlying genetic predisposition.Areas covered: This review discusses several recently identified ALL predisposing conditions and provides updates on other more well-established syndromes. It also covers topics related to the evaluation and management of children and family members at increased ALL risk.Expert opinion: Germline predisposition is gaining recognition as an important risk factor underlying the development of pediatric ALL. The challenge now lies in how best to capitalize on germline genetic information to improve ALL diagnosis, treatment, and perhaps even prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie Bloom
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jamie L. Maciaszek
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mary Egan Clark
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ching-Hon Pui
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kim E. Nichols
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Borna S, Drobek A, Kralova J, Glatzova D, Splichalova I, Fabisik M, Pokorna J, Skopcova T, Angelisova P, Kanderova V, Starkova J, Stanek P, Matveichuk OV, Pavliuchenko N, Kwiatkowska K, Protty MB, Tomlinson MG, Alberich‐Jorda M, Korinek V, Brdicka T. Transmembrane adaptor protein WBP1L regulates CXCR4 signalling and murine haematopoiesis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:1980-1992. [PMID: 31845480 PMCID: PMC6991692 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
WW domain binding protein 1-like (WBP1L), also known as outcome predictor of acute leukaemia 1 (OPAL1), is a transmembrane adaptor protein, expression of which correlates with ETV6-RUNX1 (t(12;21)(p13;q22)) translocation and favourable prognosis in childhood leukaemia. It has a broad expression pattern in haematopoietic and in non-haematopoietic cells. However, its physiological function has been unknown. Here, we show that WBP1L negatively regulates signalling through a critical chemokine receptor CXCR4 in multiple leucocyte subsets and cell lines. We also show that WBP1L interacts with NEDD4-family ubiquitin ligases and regulates CXCR4 ubiquitination and expression. Moreover, analysis of Wbp1l-deficient mice revealed alterations in B cell development and enhanced efficiency of bone marrow cell transplantation. Collectively, our data show that WBP1L is a novel regulator of CXCR4 signalling and haematopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Borna
- Laboratory of Leukocyte SignalingInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Ales Drobek
- Laboratory of Leukocyte SignalingInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Jarmila Kralova
- Laboratory of Leukocyte SignalingInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Daniela Glatzova
- Laboratory of Leukocyte SignalingInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
- Department of Biophysical ChemistryJ. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Iva Splichalova
- Laboratory of ImmunobiologyInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Matej Fabisik
- Laboratory of Leukocyte SignalingInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Jana Pokorna
- Laboratory of Leukocyte SignalingInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Tereza Skopcova
- Laboratory of Leukocyte SignalingInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Pavla Angelisova
- Laboratory of Leukocyte SignalingInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Veronika Kanderova
- CLIP ‐ Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague and Department of Pediatric Hematology and OncologySecond Faculty of MedicineCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Julia Starkova
- CLIP ‐ Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague and Department of Pediatric Hematology and OncologySecond Faculty of MedicineCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Petr Stanek
- Second Faculty of MedicineCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Orest V. Matveichuk
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane BiologyNencki Institute of Experimental BiologyWarsawPoland
| | - Nataliia Pavliuchenko
- Laboratory of Leukocyte SignalingInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane BiologyNencki Institute of Experimental BiologyWarsawPoland
| | - Majd B. Protty
- Institute of Biomedical ResearchUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Present address:
Sir Geraint Evans Cardiovascular Research BuildingCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | | | - Meritxell Alberich‐Jorda
- Laboratory of HematooncologyInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Vladimir Korinek
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental BiologyInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Tomas Brdicka
- Laboratory of Leukocyte SignalingInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Di Paola J, Porter CC. ETV6-related thrombocytopenia and leukemia predisposition. Blood 2019; 134:663-667. [PMID: 31248877 PMCID: PMC6706811 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019852418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Germ line mutations in ETV6 are responsible for a familial thrombocytopenia and leukemia predisposition syndrome. Thrombocytopenia is almost completely penetrant and is usually mild. Leukemia is reported in ∼30% of carriers and is most often B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The mechanisms by which ETV6 dysfunction promotes thrombocytopenia and leukemia remain unclear. Care for individuals with ETV6-related thrombocytopenia and leukemia predisposition includes genetic counseling, treatment or prevention of excessive bleeding and surveillance for the development of hematologic malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Di Paola
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO; and
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dobson AJ, Boulton-McDonald R, Houchou L, Svermova T, Ren Z, Subrini J, Vazquez-Prada M, Hoti M, Rodriguez-Lopez M, Ibrahim R, Gregoriou A, Gkantiragas A, Bähler J, Ezcurra M, Alic N. Longevity is determined by ETS transcription factors in multiple tissues and diverse species. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008212. [PMID: 31356597 PMCID: PMC6662994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing populations pose one of the main public health crises of our time. Reprogramming gene expression by altering the activities of sequence-specific transcription factors (TFs) can ameliorate deleterious effects of age. Here we explore how a circuit of TFs coordinates pro-longevity transcriptional outcomes, which reveals a multi-tissue and multi-species role for an entire protein family: the E-twenty-six (ETS) TFs. In Drosophila, reduced insulin/IGF signalling (IIS) extends lifespan by coordinating activation of Aop, an ETS transcriptional repressor, and Foxo, a Forkhead transcriptional activator. Aop and Foxo bind the same genomic loci, and we show that, individually, they effect similar transcriptional programmes in vivo. In combination, Aop can both moderate or synergise with Foxo, dependent on promoter context. Moreover, Foxo and Aop oppose the gene-regulatory activity of Pnt, an ETS transcriptional activator. Directly knocking down Pnt recapitulates aspects of the Aop/Foxo transcriptional programme and is sufficient to extend lifespan. The lifespan-limiting role of Pnt appears to be balanced by a requirement for metabolic regulation in young flies, in which the Aop-Pnt-Foxo circuit determines expression of metabolic genes, and Pnt regulates lipolysis and responses to nutrient stress. Molecular functions are often conserved amongst ETS TFs, prompting us to examine whether other Drosophila ETS-coding genes may also affect ageing. We show that five out of eight Drosophila ETS TFs play a role in fly ageing, acting from a range of organs and cells including the intestine, adipose and neurons. We expand the repertoire of lifespan-limiting ETS TFs in C. elegans, confirming their conserved function in ageing and revealing that the roles of ETS TFs in physiology and lifespan are conserved throughout the family, both within and between species. Understanding the basic biology of ageing may help us to reduce the burden of ill-health that old age brings. Ageing is modulated by changes to gene expression, which are orchestrated by the coordinate activity of proteins called transcription factors (TFs). E-twenty six (ETS) TFs are a large family with cellular functions that are conserved across animal taxa. In this study, we examine a longevity-promoting transcriptional circuit composed of two ETS TFs, Pnt and Aop, and Foxo, a forkhead TF with evolutionarily-conserved pro-longevity functions. This leads us to demonstrate that the activity of the majority of ETS TFs in multiple tissues and even different animal taxa regulates lifespan, indicating that roles in ageing are a general feature of this family of transcriptional regulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Dobson
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Boulton-McDonald
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lara Houchou
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tatiana Svermova
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ziyu Ren
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremie Subrini
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mimoza Hoti
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Rodriguez-Lopez
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rita Ibrahim
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Afroditi Gregoriou
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexis Gkantiragas
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jürg Bähler
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marina Ezcurra
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Nazif Alic
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li L, Rispoli R, Patient R, Ciau-Uitz A, Porcher C. Etv6 activates vegfa expression through positive and negative transcriptional regulatory networks in Xenopus embryos. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1083. [PMID: 30842454 PMCID: PMC6403364 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09050-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
VEGFA signaling controls physiological and pathological angiogenesis and hematopoiesis. Although many context-dependent signaling pathways downstream of VEGFA have been uncovered, vegfa transcriptional regulation in vivo remains unclear. Here, we show that the ETS transcription factor, Etv6, positively regulates vegfa expression during Xenopus blood stem cell development through multiple transcriptional inputs. In agreement with its established repressive functions, Etv6 directly inhibits expression of the repressor foxo3, to prevent Foxo3 from binding to and repressing the vegfa promoter. Etv6 also directly activates expression of the activator klf4; reflecting a genome-wide paucity in ETS-binding motifs in Etv6 genomic targets, Klf4 then recruits Etv6 to the vegfa promoter to activate its expression. These two mechanisms (double negative gate and feed-forward loop) are classic features of gene regulatory networks specifying cell fates. Thus, Etv6's dual function, as a transcriptional repressor and activator, controls a major signaling pathway involved in endothelial and blood development in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Rossella Rispoli
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Roger Patient
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Aldo Ciau-Uitz
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Catherine Porcher
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Neveu B, Caron M, Lagacé K, Richer C, Sinnett D. Genome wide mapping of ETV6 binding sites in pre-B leukemic cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15526. [PMID: 30341373 PMCID: PMC6195514 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33947-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations in the transcriptional repressor ETV6 are associated with hematological malignancies. Notably, the t(12;21) translocation leading to an ETV6-AML1 fusion gene is the most common genetic alteration found in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Moreover, most of these patients also lack ETV6 expression, suggesting a tumor suppressor function. To gain insights on ETV6 DNA-binding specificity and genome wide transcriptional regulation capacities, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments coupled to deep sequencing in a t(12;21)-positive pre-B leukemic cell line. This strategy led to the identification of ETV6-bound regions that were further associated to gene expression. ETV6 binding is mostly cell type-specific as only few regions are shared with other blood cell subtypes. Peaks localization and motif enrichment analyses revealed that this unique binding profile could be associated with the ETV6-AML1 fusion protein specific to the t(12;21) background. This study underscores the complexity of ETV6 binding and uncovers ETV6 transcriptional network in pre-B leukemia cells bearing the recurrent t(12;21) translocation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Neveu
- Sainte-Justine UHC Research Center, Montreal, Qc, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Maxime Caron
- Sainte-Justine UHC Research Center, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Karine Lagacé
- Sainte-Justine UHC Research Center, Montreal, Qc, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Chantal Richer
- Sainte-Justine UHC Research Center, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- Sainte-Justine UHC Research Center, Montreal, Qc, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Qc, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Qc, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Molina MD, Quirin M, Haillot E, De Crozé N, Range R, Rouel M, Jimenez F, Amrouche R, Chessel A, Lepage T. MAPK and GSK3/ß-TRCP-mediated degradation of the maternal Ets domain transcriptional repressor Yan/Tel controls the spatial expression of nodal in the sea urchin embryo. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007621. [PMID: 30222786 PMCID: PMC6160229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the sea urchin embryo, specification of the dorsal-ventral axis critically relies on the spatially restricted expression of nodal in the presumptive ventral ectoderm. The ventral restriction of nodal expression requires the activity of the maternal TGF-β ligand Panda but the mechanism by which Panda restricts nodal expression is unknown. Similarly, what initiates expression of nodal in the ectoderm and what are the mechanisms that link patterning along the primary and secondary axes is not well understood. We report that in Paracentrotus lividus, the activity of the maternally expressed ETS-domain transcription factor Yan/Tel is essential for the spatial restriction of nodal. Inhibiting translation of maternal yan/tel mRNA disrupted dorsal-ventral patterning in all germ layers by causing a massive ectopic expression of nodal starting from cleavage stages, mimicking the phenotype caused by inactivation of the maternal Nodal antagonist Panda. We show that like in the fly or in vertebrates, the activity of sea urchin Yan/Tel is regulated by phosphorylation by MAP kinases. However, unlike in the fly or in vertebrates, phosphorylation by GSK3 plays a central role in the regulation Yan/Tel stability in the sea urchin. We show that GSK3 phosphorylates Yan/Tel in vitro at two different sites including a β-TRCP ubiquitin ligase degradation motif and a C-terminal Ser/Thr rich cluster and that phosphorylation of Yan/Tel by GSK3 triggers its degradation by a β-TRCP/proteasome pathway. Finally, we show that, Yan is epistatic to Panda and that the activity of Yan/Tel is required downstream of Panda to restrict nodal expression. Our results identify Yan/Tel as a central regulator of the spatial expression of nodal in Paracentrotus lividus and uncover a key interaction between the gene regulatory networks responsible for patterning the embryo along the dorsal-ventral and animal-vegetal axes. Specification of the embryonic axes is an essential step during early development of metazoa. In the sea urchin embryo, specification of the dorsal-ventral axis critically relies on the spatial restriction of the expression of the TGF-ß family member Nodal in ventral cells, a process that requires the activity of the maternal determinant Panda. How the spatially restricted expression of nodal is established downstream of Panda is not well understood. We have discovered that, in the Mediterranean sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, the spatial restriction of nodal on the ventral side of the embryo requires the inhibitory activity of a transcriptional repressor named Yan/Tel. This finding suggests a molecular mechanism for the control of nodal expression by the release of a repression. We found that this release requires the activity of two families of kinases that we identified as the MAP kinases and GSK3, a kinase which, intriguingly, was previously known as a key regulator of patterning along the animal-vegetal axis. We discovered that phosphorylation by MAPK and GSK3 triggers degradation of Yan/Tel by a β-TRCP proteasome pathway. Finally, we find that Yan/Tel likely acts downstream of Panda in the hierarchy of genes required for nodal restriction. Our study therefore identifies Yan/Tel as a new essential regulator of nodal expression downstream of Panda and identifies a novel key interaction between the gene regulatory networks responsible for patterning along the primary and secondary axis of polarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Dolores Molina
- Department of Natural Sciences, Institut Biologie Valrose, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Magali Quirin
- Department of Natural Sciences, Institut Biologie Valrose, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Emmanuel Haillot
- Department of Natural Sciences, Institut Biologie Valrose, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Noémie De Crozé
- Department of Natural Sciences, Institut Biologie Valrose, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Ryan Range
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Mathieu Rouel
- Department of Natural Sciences, Institut Biologie Valrose, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Felipe Jimenez
- Department of Natural Sciences, Institut Biologie Valrose, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Radja Amrouche
- Department of Natural Sciences, Institut Biologie Valrose, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Aline Chessel
- Department of Natural Sciences, Institut Biologie Valrose, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Thierry Lepage
- Department of Natural Sciences, Institut Biologie Valrose, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rasighaemi P, Ward AC. ETV6 and ETV7: Siblings in hematopoiesis and its disruption in disease. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 116:106-115. [PMID: 28693791 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ETV6 (TEL1) and ETV7 (TEL2) are closely-related members of the ETS family of transcriptional regulators. Both ETV6 and ETV7 have been demonstrated to play key roles in hematopoiesis, particularly with regard to maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells and control of lineage-specific differentiation, with evidence of functional interactions between both proteins. ETV6 has been strongly implicated in the molecular etiology of a number of hematopoietic diseases, including as a tumor suppressor, an oncogenic fusion partner, and an important regulator of thrombopoiesis, but recent evidence has also identified ETV7 as a potential oncogene in certain malignancies. This review provides an overview of ETV6 and ETV7 and their contribution to both normal and disrupted hematopoiesis. It also highlights the key clinical implications of the growing knowledge base regarding ETV6 abnormalities with respect to prognosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Rasighaemi
- School of Medicine and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, 3216, Australia.
| | - Alister C Ward
- School of Medicine and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, 3216, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Feurstein S, Godley LA. Germline ETV6 mutations and predisposition to hematological malignancies. Int J Hematol 2017; 106:189-195. [PMID: 28555414 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-017-2259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Patients with thrombocytopenia 5 have an autosomal dominant disorder of decreased platelet number with tendency to bleed, usually presenting in childhood, and have been found to have germline mutations in ETV6, which encodes a master hematopoietic transcription factor. Some patients who present similarly have inherited mutations in RUNX1 or ANKRD26. All three germline syndromes are also associated with a predisposition to myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute leukemia (AL). Since the first description of germline ETV6 mutations, 18 families have been reported. The common phenotype is mild to moderate thrombocytopenia with a variable predisposition to acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and MDS. This review will focus upon the role of ETV6 in hematopoiesis, especially in myeloid differentiation and maturation, and will describe the functional effects of mutant ETV6. The review will also provide an overview of common clinical features as well as recommendations for patient screening and follow-up and will debate whether additional clinical features should be included with the germline ETV6 syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Feurstein
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 2115, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lucy A Godley
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 2115, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
The 2525 amino acid SMRT corepressor is an intrinsically disordered hub protein responsible for binding and coordinating the activities of multiple transcription factors and chromatin modifying enzymes. Here we have studied its interaction with HDAC7, a class IIa deacetylase that interacts with the corepressor complex together with the highly active class I deacetylase HDAC3. The binding site of class IIa deacetylases was previously mapped to an approximate 500 amino acid region of SMRT, with recent implication of short glycine-serine-isoleucine (GSI) containing motifs. In order to characterize the interaction in detail, we applied a random library screening approach within this region and obtained a range of stable, soluble SMRT fragments. In agreement with an absence of predicted structural domains, these were characterized as intrinsically disordered by NMR spectroscopy. We identified one of them, comprising residues 1255–1452, as interacting with HDAC7 with micromolar affinity. The binding site was mapped in detail by NMR and confirmed by truncation and alanine mutagenesis. Complementing this with mutational analysis of HDAC7, we show that HDAC7, via its surface zinc ion binding site, binds to a 28 residue stretch in SMRT comprising a GSI motif followed by an alpha helix.
Collapse
|
19
|
Sundaresh A, Williams O. Mechanism of ETV6-RUNX1 Leukemia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 962:201-216. [PMID: 28299659 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3233-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The t(12;21)(p13;q22) translocation is the most frequently occurring single genetic abnormality in pediatric leukemia. This translocation results in the fusion of the ETV6 and RUNX1 genes. Since its discovery in the 1990s, the function of the ETV6-RUNX1 fusion gene has attracted intense interest. In this chapter, we will summarize current knowledge on the clinical significance of ETV6-RUNX1, the experimental models used to unravel its function in leukemogenesis, the identification of co-operating mutations and the mechanisms responsible for their acquisition, the function of the encoded transcription factor and finally, the future therapeutic approaches available to mitigate the associated disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Sundaresh
- Cancer section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Owen Williams
- Cancer section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tanaka H, Sagisaka A, Suzuki N, Yamakawa M. Bombyx mori E26 transformation-specific 2 (BmEts2), an Ets family protein, represses Bombyx mori Rels (BmRels)-mediated promoter activation of antimicrobial peptide genes in the silkworm Bombyx mori. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 25:566-579. [PMID: 27227900 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
E26 transformation-specific (Ets) family transcription factors are known to play roles in various biological phenomena, including immunity, in vertebrates. However, the mechanisms by which Ets proteins contribute to immunity in invertebrates remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified a cDNA encoding BmEts2, which is a putative orthologue of Drosophila Yan and human translocation-ets-leukemia/Ets-variant gene 6, from the silkworm Bombyx mori. Expression of the BmEts2 gene was significantly increased in the fat bodies of silkworm larvae in response to injection with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. BmEts2 overexpression dramatically repressed B. mori Rels (BmRels)-mediated promoter activation of antimicrobial peptide genes in silkworm cells. Conversely, gene knockdown of BmEts2 significantly enhanced BmRels activity. In addition, two κB sites located on the 5' upstream region of cecropin B1 were found to be involved in the repression of BmRels-mediated promoter activation. Protein-competition analysis further demonstrated that BmEts2 competitively inhibited binding of BmRels to κB sites. Overall, BmEts2 acts as a repressor of BmRels-mediated transactivation of antimicrobial protein genes by inhibiting the binding of BmRels to κB sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Tanaka
- Insect-Microbe Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - A Sagisaka
- Insect-Microbe Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - N Suzuki
- Division of Insect Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - M Yamakawa
- Division of Insect Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Daly ME. Transcription factor defects causing platelet disorders. Blood Rev 2016; 31:1-10. [PMID: 27450272 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen increasing recognition of a subgroup of inherited platelet function disorders which are due to defects in transcription factors that are required to regulate megakaryopoiesis and platelet production. Thus, germline mutations in the genes encoding the haematopoietic transcription factors RUNX1, GATA-1, FLI1, GFI1b and ETV6 have been associated with both quantitative and qualitative platelet abnormalities, and variable bleeding symptoms in the affected patients. Some of the transcription factor defects are also associated with an increased predisposition to haematologic malignancies (RUNX1, ETV6), abnormal erythropoiesis (GATA-1, GFI1b, ETV6) and immune dysfunction (FLI1). The persistence of MYH10 expression in platelets is a surrogate marker for FLI1 and RUNX1 defects. Characterisation of the transcription factor defects that give rise to platelet function disorders, and of the genes that are differentially regulated as a result, are yielding insights into the roles of these genes in platelet formation and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina E Daly
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ghazavi F, Lammens T, Van Roy N, Poppe B, Speleman F, Benoit Y, Van Vlierberghe P, De Moerloose B. Molecular basis and clinical significance of genetic aberrations in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Exp Hematol 2015; 43:640-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
23
|
Abstract
Covalent linkage to members of the small ubiquitin-like (SUMO) family of proteins is an important mechanism by which the functions of many cellular proteins are regulated. Sumoylation has roles in the control of protein stability, activity and localization, and is involved in the regulation of transcription, gene expression, chromatin structure, nuclear transport and RNA metabolism. Sumoylation is also linked, both positively and negatively, with the replication of many different viruses both in terms of modification of viral proteins and modulation of sumoylated cellular proteins that influence the efficiency of infection. One prominent example of the latter is the widespread reduction in the levels of cellular sumoylated species induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) ubiquitin ligase ICP0. This activity correlates with relief from intrinsic immunity antiviral defence mechanisms. Previous work has shown that ICP0 is selective in substrate choice, with some sumoylated proteins such the promyelocytic leukemia protein PML being extremely sensitive, while RanGAP is completely resistant. Here we present a comprehensive proteomic analysis of changes in the cellular SUMO2 proteome during HSV-1 infection. Amongst the 877 potentially sumoylated species detected, we identified 124 whose abundance was decreased by a factor of 3 or more by the virus, several of which were validated by western blot and expression analysis. We found many previously undescribed substrates of ICP0 whose degradation occurs by a range of mechanisms, influenced or not by sumoylation and/or the SUMO2 interaction motif within ICP0. Many of these proteins are known or are predicted to be involved in the regulation of transcription, chromatin assembly or modification. These results present novel insights into mechanisms and host cell proteins that might influence the efficiency of HSV-1 infection. Proteins are subject to many types of modification that regulate their functions and which are applied after their initial synthesis in the cell. One such modification is known as sumoylation, the covalent linkage of a small ubiquitin-like protein to a wide variety of substrate proteins. Sumoylation is involved in the regulation of many cellular pathways, including transcription, DNA repair, chromatin modification and defence to viral infections. Several viruses have connections with sumoylation, either through modification of their own proteins or in changing the sumoylation status of cellular proteins in ways that may be beneficial for infection. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) causes a widespread reduction in uncharacterized sumoylated cellular protein species, an effect that is caused by one of its key regulatory proteins (ICP0), which also induces the degradation of a number of repressive cellular proteins and thereby stimulates efficient infection. This study describes a comprehensive analysis of cellular proteins whose sumoylation status is altered by HSV-1 infection. Of 877 putative cellular sumoylation substrates, we found 124 whose sumoylation status reduces at least three-fold during infection. We validated the behavior of several such proteins and identified amongst them several novel targets of ICP0 activity with predicted repressive properties.
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang MY, Churpek JE, Keel SB, Walsh T, Lee MK, Loeb KR, Gulsuner S, Pritchard CC, Sanchez-Bonilla M, Delrow JJ, Basom RS, Forouhar M, Gyurkocza B, Schwartz BS, Neistadt B, Marquez R, Mariani CJ, Coats SA, Hofmann I, Lindsley RC, Williams DA, Abkowitz JL, Horwitz MS, King MC, Godley LA, Shimamura A. Germline ETV6 mutations in familial thrombocytopenia and hematologic malignancy. Nat Genet 2015; 47:180-5. [PMID: 25581430 PMCID: PMC4540357 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We report germline missense mutations in ETV6 segregating with the dominant transmission of thrombocytopenia and hematologic malignancy in three unrelated kindreds, defining a new hereditary syndrome featuring thrombocytopenia with susceptibility to diverse hematologic neoplasms. Two variants, p.Arg369Gln and p.Arg399Cys, reside in the highly conserved ETS DNA-binding domain. The third variant, p.Pro214Leu, lies within the internal linker domain, which regulates DNA binding. These three amino acid sites correspond to hotspots for recurrent somatic mutation in malignancies. Functional studies show that the mutations abrogate DNA binding, alter subcellular localization, decrease transcriptional repression in a dominant-negative fashion and impair hematopoiesis. These familial genetic studies identify a central role for ETV6 in hematopoiesis and malignant transformation. The identification of germline predisposition to cytopenias and cancer informs the diagnosis and medical management of at-risk individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y Zhang
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jane E Churpek
- 1] Section of Hematology/Oncology, Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA. [2] Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Siobán B Keel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tom Walsh
- 1] Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. [2] Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ming K Lee
- 1] Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. [2] Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Keith R Loeb
- 1] Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA. [2] Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Suleyman Gulsuner
- 1] Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. [2] Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Colin C Pritchard
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marilyn Sanchez-Bonilla
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Delrow
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Shared Resources, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ryan S Basom
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Shared Resources, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Melissa Forouhar
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | - Boglarka Gyurkocza
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Bradford S Schwartz
- 1] Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. [2] Departments of Medicine and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Barbara Neistadt
- 1] Section of Hematology/Oncology, Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA. [2] Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rafael Marquez
- 1] Section of Hematology/Oncology, Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA. [2] Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Christopher J Mariani
- 1] Section of Hematology/Oncology, Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA. [2] Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Scott A Coats
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Inga Hofmann
- 1] Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R Coleman Lindsley
- 1] Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David A Williams
- 1] Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Janis L Abkowitz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marshall S Horwitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mary-Claire King
- 1] Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. [2] Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lucy A Godley
- 1] Section of Hematology/Oncology, Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA. [2] Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Akiko Shimamura
- 1] Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA. [2] Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA. [3] Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
mGlu5 receptors regulate synaptic sumoylation via a transient PKC-dependent diffusional trapping of Ubc9 into spines. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5113. [PMID: 25311713 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sumoylation plays important roles in the modulation of protein function, neurotransmission and plasticity, but the mechanisms regulating this post-translational system in neurons remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that the synaptic diffusion of Ubc9, the sole conjugating enzyme of the sumoylation pathway, is regulated by synaptic activity. We use restricted photobleaching/photoconversion of individual hippocampal spines to measure the diffusion properties of Ubc9 and show that it is regulated through an mGlu5R-dependent signalling pathway. Increasing synaptic activity with a GABAA receptor antagonist or directly activating mGlu5R increases the synaptic residency time of Ubc9 via a Gαq/PLC/Ca(2+)/PKC cascade. This activation promotes a transient synaptic trapping of Ubc9 through a PKC phosphorylation-dependent increase of Ubc9 recognition to phosphorylated substrates and consequently leads to the modulation of synaptic sumoylation. Our data demonstrate that Ubc9 diffusion is subject to activity-dependent regulatory processes and provide a mechanism for the dynamic changes in sumoylation occurring during synaptic transmission.
Collapse
|
26
|
Rasighaemi P, Onnebo SMN, Liongue C, Ward AC. ETV6 (TEL1) regulates embryonic hematopoiesis in zebrafish. Haematologica 2014; 100:23-31. [PMID: 25281506 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.104091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations involving fusions of the human ETV6 (TEL1) gene occur frequently in hematologic malignancies. However, a detailed understanding of the normal function of ETV6 remains incomplete. This study has employed zebrafish as a relevant model to investigate the role of ETV6 during embryonic hematopoiesis. Zebrafish possessed a single conserved etv6 ortholog that was expressed from 12 hpf in the lateral plate mesoderm, and later in hematopoietic, vascular and other tissues. Morpholino-mediated gene knockdown of etv6 revealed the complex contribution of this gene toward embryonic hematopoiesis. During primitive hematopoiesis, etv6 knockdown resulted in reduced levels of progenitor cells, erythrocyte and macrophage populations, but increased numbers of incompletely differentiated heterophils. Definitive hematopoiesis was also perturbed, with etv6 knockdown leading to decreased erythrocytes and myeloid cells, but enhanced lymphopoiesis. This study suggests that ETV6 plays a broader and more complex role in early hematopoiesis than previously thought, impacting on the development of multiple lineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Rasighaemi
- School of Medicine, and Strategic Research Centre in Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong
| | - Sara M N Onnebo
- School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clifford Liongue
- School of Medicine, and Strategic Research Centre in Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong
| | - Alister C Ward
- School of Medicine, and Strategic Research Centre in Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Findlay VJ, LaRue AC, Turner DP, Watson PM, Watson DK. Understanding the role of ETS-mediated gene regulation in complex biological processes. Adv Cancer Res 2014; 119:1-61. [PMID: 23870508 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407190-2.00001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ets factors are members of one of the largest families of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors, regulating critical functions in normal cell homeostasis, which when perturbed contribute to tumor progression. The well-documented alterations in ETS factor expression and function during cancer progression result in pleiotropic effects manifested by the downstream effect on their target genes. Multiple ETS factors bind to the same regulatory sites present on target genes, suggesting redundant or competitive functions. The anti- and prometastatic signatures obtained by examining specific ETS regulatory networks will significantly improve our ability to accurately predict tumor progression and advance our understanding of gene regulation in cancer. Coordination of multiple ETS gene functions also mediates interactions between tumor and stromal cells and thus contributes to the cancer phenotype. As such, these new insights may provide a novel view of the ETS gene family as well as a focal point for studying the complex biological control involved in tumor progression. One of the goals of molecular biology is to elucidate the mechanisms that contribute to the development and progression of cancer. Such an understanding of the molecular basis of cancer will provide new possibilities for: (1) earlier detection, as well as better diagnosis and staging of disease; (2) detection of minimal residual disease recurrences and evaluation of response to therapy; (3) prevention; and (4) novel treatment strategies. Increased understanding of ETS-regulated biological pathways will directly impact these areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J Findlay
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kar A, Gutierrez-Hartmann A. Molecular mechanisms of ETS transcription factor-mediated tumorigenesis. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 48:522-43. [PMID: 24066765 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2013.838202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The E26 transformation-specific (ETS) family of transcription factors is critical for development, differentiation, proliferation and also has a role in apoptosis and tissue remodeling. Changes in expression of ETS proteins therefore have a significant impact on normal physiology of the cell. Transcriptional consequences of ETS protein deregulation by overexpression, gene fusion, and modulation by RAS/MAPK signaling are linked to alterations in normal cell functions, and lead to unlimited increased proliferation, sustained angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Existing data show that ETS proteins control pathways in epithelial cells as well as stromal compartments, and the crosstalk between the two is essential for normal development and cancer. In this review, we have focused on ETS factors with a known contribution in cancer development. Instead of focusing on a prototype, we address cancer associated ETS proteins and have highlighted the diverse mechanisms by which they affect carcinogenesis. Finally, we discuss strategies for ETS factor targeting as a potential means for cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
|
29
|
ter Haar WM, Meester-Smoor MA, van Wely KHM, Schot CCMM, Janssen MJFW, Geverts B, Bonten J, Grosveld GC, Houtsmuller AB, Zwarthoff EC. The leukemia-associated fusion protein MN1-TEL blocks TEL-specific recognition sequences. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46085. [PMID: 23049943 PMCID: PMC3458806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The leukemia-associated fusion protein MN1-TEL combines the transcription-activating domains of MN1 with the DNA-binding domain of the transcriptional repressor TEL. Quantitative photobleaching experiments revealed that ∼20% of GFP-tagged MN1 and TEL is transiently immobilised, likely due to indirect or direct DNA binding, since transcription inhibition abolished immobilisation. Interestingly, ∼50% of the MN1-TEL fusion protein was immobile with much longer binding times than unfused MN1 and TEL. MN1-TEL immobilisation was not observed when the TEL DNA-binding domain was disrupted, suggesting that MN1-TEL stably occupies TEL recognition sequences, preventing binding of factors required for proper transcription regulation, which may contribute to leukemogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bart Geverts
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Bonten
- Department of Genetics and Tumor Cell Biology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Gerard C. Grosveld
- Department of Genetics and Tumor Cell Biology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Coyne HJ, De S, Okon M, Green SM, Bhachech N, Graves BJ, McIntosh LP. Autoinhibition of ETV6 (TEL) DNA binding: appended helices sterically block the ETS domain. J Mol Biol 2012; 421:67-84. [PMID: 22584210 PMCID: PMC3392548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
ETV6 (or TEL), a transcriptional repressor belonging to the ETS family, is frequently involved in chromosomal translocations linked with human cancers. It displays a DNA-binding mode distinct from other ETS proteins due to the presence of a self-associating PNT domain. In this study, we used NMR spectroscopy to dissect the structural and dynamic bases for the autoinhibition of ETV6 DNA binding by sequences C-terminal to its ETS domain. The C-terminal inhibitory domain (CID) contains two helices, H4 and H5, which sterically block the DNA-binding interface of the ETS domain. Importantly, these appended helices are only marginally stable as revealed by amide hydrogen exchange and (15)N relaxation measurements. The CID is thus poised to undergo a facile conformational change as required for DNA binding. The CID also dampens millisecond timescale motions of the ETS domain hypothesized to be critical for the recognition of specific ETS target sequences. This work illustrates the use of appended sequences on conserved structural domains to generate biological diversity and complements previous studies of the allosteric mechanism of ETS1 autoinhibition to reveal both common and divergent features underlying the regulation of DNA binding by ETS transcription factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. Jerome Coyne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, and Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Soumya De
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, and Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Mark Okon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, and Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sean M. Green
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-5550, USA
| | - Niraja Bhachech
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-5550, USA
| | - Barbara J. Graves
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-5550, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Lawrence P. McIntosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, and Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
De Braekeleer E, Douet-Guilbert N, Morel F, Le Bris MJ, Basinko A, De Braekeleer M. ETV6 fusion genes in hematological malignancies: a review. Leuk Res 2012; 36:945-61. [PMID: 22578774 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Translocations involving band 12p13 are one of the most commonly observed chromosomal abnormalities in human leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Their frequently result in rearrangements of the ETV6 gene. At present, 48 chromosomal bands have been identified to be involved in ETV6 translocations, insertions or inversions and 30 ETV6 partner genes have been molecularly characterized. The ETV6 protein contains two major domains, the HLH (helix-loop-helix) domain, encoded by exons 3 and 4, and the ETS domain, encoded by exons 6 through 8, with in between the internal domain encoded by exon 5. ETV6 is a strong transcriptional repressor, acting through its HLH and internal domains. Five potential mechanisms of ETV6-mediated leukemogenesis have been identified: constitutive activation of the kinase activity of the partner protein, modification of the original functions of a transcription factor, loss of function of the fusion gene, affecting ETV6 and the partner gene, activation of a proto-oncogene in the vicinity of a chromosomal translocation and dominant negative effect of the fusion protein over transcriptional repression mediated by wild-type ETV6. It is likely that ETV6 is frequently involved in leukemogenesis because of the large number of partners with which it can rearrange and the several pathogenic mechanisms by which it can lead to cell transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne De Braekeleer
- Laboratoire d'Histologie, Embryologie et Cytogénétique, Université de Brest, Brest, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Meester-Smoor MA, Janssen MJFW, ter Haar WM, van Wely KHM, Aarnoudse AJLHJ, van Oord G, van Tilburg GBA, Zwarthoff EC. The ETS family member TEL binds to nuclear receptors RAR and RXR and represses gene activation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23620. [PMID: 21949683 PMCID: PMC3174942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) signaling is important for regulating transcriptional activity of genes involved in growth, differentiation, metabolism and reproduction. Defects in RAR signaling have been implicated in cancer. TEL, a member of the ETS family of transcription factors, is a DNA-binding transcriptional repressor. Here, we identify TEL as a transcriptional repressor of RAR signaling by its direct binding to both RAR and its dimerisation partner, the retinoid x receptor (RXR) in a ligand-independent fashion. TEL is found in two isoforms, created by the use of an alternative startcodon at amino acid 43. Although both isoforms bind to RAR and RXR in vitro and in vivo, the shorter form of TEL represses RAR signaling much more efficiently. Binding studies revealed that TEL binds closely to the DNA binding domain of RAR and that both Helix Loop Helix (HLH) and DNA binding domains of TEL are mandatory for interaction. We have shown that repression by TEL does not involve recruitment of histone deacetylases and suggest that polycomb group proteins participate in the process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magda A. Meester-Smoor
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - W. Martijn ter Haar
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karel H. M. van Wely
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gertine van Oord
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ellen C. Zwarthoff
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
The defective nuclear lamina in Hutchinson-gilford progeria syndrome disrupts the nucleocytoplasmic Ran gradient and inhibits nuclear localization of Ubc9. Mol Cell Biol 2011; 31:3378-95. [PMID: 21670151 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.05087-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mutant form of lamin A responsible for the premature aging disease Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (termed progerin) acts as a dominant negative protein that changes the structure of the nuclear lamina. How the perturbation of the nuclear lamina in progeria is transduced into cellular changes is undefined. Using patient fibroblasts and a variety of cell-based assays, we determined that progerin expression in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome inhibits the nucleocytoplasmic transport of several factors with key roles in nuclear function. We found that progerin reduces the nuclear/cytoplasmic concentration of the Ran GTPase and inhibits the nuclear localization of Ubc9, the sole E2 for SUMOylation, and of TPR, the nucleoporin that forms the basket on the nuclear side of the nuclear pore complex. Forcing the nuclear localization of Ubc9 in progerin-expressing cells rescues the Ran gradient and TPR import, indicating that these pathways are linked. Reducing nuclear SUMOylation decreases the nuclear mobility of the Ran nucleotide exchange factor RCC1 in vivo, and the addition of SUMO E1 and E2 promotes the dissociation of RCC1 and Ran from chromatin in vitro. Our data suggest that the cellular effects of progerin are transduced, at least in part, through reduced function of the Ran GTPase and SUMOylation pathways.
Collapse
|
34
|
Kralik JM, Kranewitter W, Boesmueller H, Marschon R, Tschurtschenthaler G, Rumpold H, Wiesinger K, Erdel M, Petzer AL, Webersinke G. Characterization of a newly identified ETV6-NTRK3 fusion transcript in acute myeloid leukemia. Diagn Pathol 2011; 6:19. [PMID: 21401966 PMCID: PMC3063188 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-6-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Characterization of novel fusion genes in acute leukemia is important for gaining information about leukemia genesis. We describe the characterization of a new ETV6 fusion gene in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) FAB M0 as a result of an uncommon translocation involving chromosomes 12 and 15. Methods The ETV6 locus at 12p13 was shown to be translocated and to constitute the 5' end of the fusion product by ETV6 break apart fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). To identify a fusion partner 3' rapid amplification of cDNA-ends with polymerase chain reaction (RACE PCR) was performed followed by cloning and sequencing. Results The NTRK3 gene on chromosome 15 was found to constitute the 3' end of the fusion gene and the underlying ETV6-NTRK3 rearrangement was verified by reverse transcriptase PCR. No RNA of the reciprocal NTRK3-ETV6 fusion gene could be detected. Conclusion We have characterized a novel ETV6-NTRK3 fusion transcript which has not been previously described in AML FAB M0 by FISH and RACE PCR. ETV6-NTRK3 rearrangements have been described in secretory breast carcinoma and congenital fibrosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Kralik
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Tumorcytogenetics, Department of Internal Medicine I, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Schwestern, Seilerstaette 4, 4010 Linz, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zaliova M, Meyer C, Cario G, Vaskova M, Marschalek R, Stary J, Zuna J, Trka J. TEL/AML1-positive patients lacking TEL exon 5 resemble canonical TEL/AML1 cases. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 56:217-25. [PMID: 21157892 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The TEL/AML1 fusion gene which represents the most frequent genetic abnormality in childhood ALL, usually results from genomic breakpoints in TEL intron 5 and AML1 intron 1 or 2. At the protein level, the helix-loop-helix domain and exon 5-coded central region of TEL are typically fused to almost entire AML1 including DNA-binding domain. PROCEDURE We identified two ALL patients with genomic breakpoints within TEL intron 4 resulting in variant TEL/AML1 fusion lacking the TEL exon 5-coded central region. This region was supposed to play an important role in TEL/AML1 function, particularly in TEL/AML1-mediated transcriptional repression of AML1 targets. We aimed at investigating the impact of the loss of this region on disease behavior and TEL/AML1 function. We compared clinical and biological characteristics, treatment response, and outcome of the variant versus classical TEL/AML1 cases, analyzed genome wide gene expression profiles and performed reporter gene assay. RESULTS No distinct differences between variant and classical TEL/AML1 cases were observed including gene expression profiling and detailed immunophenotyping. By using reporter gene assay, we showed that the loss of the central region does not influence the TEL/AML1-mediated transcriptional repression. CONCLUSIONS The deletion of the central region did not affect the TEL/AML1-specific phenotype; we did not find any relevant differences in clinical and biological features when variant versus classical TEL/AML1-positive cases were compared. Thus, our data does not support hypothesis that the central region of TEL is indispensable for TEL/AML1 driven leukemogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Zaliova
- CLIP, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Leclerc GJ, Sanderson C, Hunger S, Devidas M, Barredo JC. Folylpolyglutamate synthetase gene transcription is regulated by a multiprotein complex that binds the TEL-AML1 fusion in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Res 2010; 34:1601-9. [PMID: 20538338 PMCID: PMC2946984 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) non-random fusions influence clinical outcome and alter the accumulation of MTX-PGs in vivo. Analysis of primary ALL samples uncovered subtype-specific patterns of folate gene expression. Using an FPGS-luciferase reporter gene assay, we determined that E2A-PBX1 and TEL-AML1 expression decreased FPGS transcription. ChIP assays uncovered HDAC1, AML1, mSin3A, E2F, and Rb interactions with the FPGS promoter region. We demonstrate that FPGS expression is epigenetically regulated through binding of selected ALL fusions to a multiprotein complex, which also controls the cell cycle dependence of FPGS expression. This study provides insights into the pharmacogenomics of MTX in ALL subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guy J. Leclerc
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33101
| | - Christopher Sanderson
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33101
| | | | - Meenakshi Devidas
- Children's Oncology Group and Department of Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Julio C. Barredo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33101
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33101
- UM Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33101
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lan D, Tang C, Li M, Yue H. Screening and identification of differentially expressed genes from chickens infected with Newcastle disease virus by suppression subtractive hybridization. Avian Pathol 2010; 39:151-9. [PMID: 20544419 DOI: 10.1080/03079451003716383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease is an important viral infectious disease caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV), which leads to severe economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. The molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of NDV and the host-directed antiviral responses remain poorly understood. In this study, we screened and identified the differentially expressed transcripts from chicken spleen 36 h post NDV infection using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). From the SSH library, we obtained 140 significant differentially expressed sequence tags (ESTs), which could be divided into three categories: high homology genes (58), high homology ESTs (62) and novel ESTs (20). The 58 high homology genes could be grouped into nine clusters based on the best known function of their protein products, which involved signalling transduction (HSPC166, PDE7B, GRIA4, GARNL1), transcriptional regulation (ANP32A, LOC423724, SATB1, QKI, ETV6), cellular molecular dynamics (MYLK, MYO7A, DCTN6), cytoskeleton (LAMA4, LAMC1, COL4A1), stress response (DNAJC15, CIRBP), immune response (TIA1, TOX, CMIP), metabolism (RPS15A, RPL32, GLUT8, CYPR21, DPYD, LOC417295), oxidation-reduction (TXN, MSRB3, GCLC), and others. In addition, we found that the 20 novel ESTs provide a clue for the discovery of some new genes associated with infection. In summary, our findings demonstrate previously unrecognized changes in gene transcription that are associated with NDV infection in vivo, and many differentially expressed genes identified in the study clearly merit further investigation. Our data provide new insights into better understanding the molecular mechanism of host-NDV interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daoliang Lan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationality, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Green SM, Coyne HJ, McIntosh LP, Graves BJ. DNA binding by the ETS protein TEL (ETV6) is regulated by autoinhibition and self-association. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:18496-504. [PMID: 20400516 PMCID: PMC2881775 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.096958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Revised: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The ETS protein TEL, a transcriptional repressor, contains a PNT domain that, as an isolated fragment in vitro, self-associates to form a head-to-tail polymer. How such polymerization might affect the DNA-binding properties of full-length TEL is unclear. Here we report that monomeric TEL binds to a consensus ETS site with unusually low affinity (K(d) = 2.8 x 10(-8) M). A deletion analysis demonstrated that the low affinity was caused by a C-terminal inhibitory domain (CID) that attenuates DNA binding by approximately 10-fold. An NMR spectroscopically derived structure of a TEL fragment, deposited in the Protein Data Bank, revealed that the CID consists of two alpha-helices, one of which appears to block the DNA binding surface of the TEL ETS domain. Based on this structure, we substituted two conserved glutamic acids (Glu-431 and Glu-434) with alanines and found that this activated DNA binding and enhanced trypsin sensitivity in the CID. We propose that TEL displays a conformational equilibrium between inhibited and activated states and that electrostatic interactions involving these negatively charged residues play a role in stabilizing the inhibited conformation. Using a TEL dimer as a model polymer, we show that self-association facilitates cooperative binding to DNA. Cooperativity was observed on DNA duplexes containing tandem consensus ETS sites at variable spacing and orientations, suggesting flexibility in the region of TEL linking its self-associating PNT domain and DNA-binding ETS domain. We speculate that TEL compensates for the low affinity, which is caused by autoinhibition, by binding to DNA as a cooperative polymer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Green
- From the
Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5550 and
| | - H. Jerome Coyne
- the
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, and Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lawrence P. McIntosh
- the
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, and Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Barbara J. Graves
- From the
Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5550 and
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ciau-Uitz A, Pinheiro P, Gupta R, Enver T, Patient R. Tel1/ETV6 specifies blood stem cells through the agency of VEGF signaling. Dev Cell 2010; 18:569-78. [PMID: 20412772 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2010.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of stem cell ontogeny is poorly understood. We show that the leukemia-associated Ets transcription factor, Tel1/ETV6, specifies the first hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the dorsal aorta (DA). In contrast, Tel1/ETV6 has little effect on embryonic blood formation, further distinguishing the programming of the long- and short-term blood populations. Consistent with the notion of concordance of arterial and HSC programs, we show that Tel1/ETV6 is also required for the specification of the DA as an artery. We further show that Tel1/ETV6 acts by regulating the transcription of VegfA in both the lateral plate mesoderm and also in the somites. Exogenous VEGFA rescues Tel1/ETV6 morphants, and depletion of VEGFA or its receptor, Flk1, largely phenocopies Tel1/ETV6 depletion. Few such links between intrinsic and extrinsic programming of stem cells have been reported previously. Our data place Tel1/ETV6 at the apex of the genetic regulatory cascade leading to HSC production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Ciau-Uitz
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Dhami P, Bruce AW, Jim JH, Dillon SC, Hall A, Cooper JL, Bonhoure N, Chiang K, Ellis PD, Langford C, Andrews RM, Vetrie D. Genomic approaches uncover increasing complexities in the regulatory landscape at the human SCL (TAL1) locus. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9059. [PMID: 20140202 PMCID: PMC2816701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The SCL (TAL1) transcription factor is a critical regulator of haematopoiesis and its expression is tightly controlled by multiple cis-acting regulatory elements. To elaborate further the DNA elements which control its regulation, we used genomic tiling microarrays covering 256 kb of the human SCL locus to perform a concerted analysis of chromatin structure and binding of regulatory proteins in human haematopoietic cell lines. This approach allowed us to characterise further or redefine known human SCL regulatory elements and led to the identification of six novel elements with putative regulatory function both up and downstream of the SCL gene. They bind a number of haematopoietic transcription factors (GATA1, E2A LMO2, SCL, LDB1), CTCF or components of the transcriptional machinery and are associated with relevant histone modifications, accessible chromatin and low nucleosomal density. Functional characterisation shows that these novel elements are able to enhance or repress SCL promoter activity, have endogenous promoter function or enhancer-blocking insulator function. Our analysis opens up several areas for further investigation and adds new layers of complexity to our understanding of the regulation of SCL expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pawandeep Dhami
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Johanna H. Jim
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Shane C. Dillon
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Hall
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicolas Bonhoure
- Section of Pathology and Gene Regulation, Division of Cancer Sciences and Molecular Pathology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly Chiang
- Section of Pathology and Gene Regulation, Division of Cancer Sciences and Molecular Pathology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Peter D. Ellis
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - David Vetrie
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Section of Pathology and Gene Regulation, Division of Cancer Sciences and Molecular Pathology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ghisletti S, Huang W, Jepsen K, Benner C, Hardiman G, Rosenfeld MG, Glass CK. Cooperative NCoR/SMRT interactions establish a corepressor-based strategy for integration of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways. Genes Dev 2009; 23:681-93. [PMID: 19299558 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1773109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune responses to bacterial or viral infection require rapid transition of large cohorts of inflammatory response genes from poised/repressed to actively transcribed states, but the underlying repression/derepression mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we report that, while the nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR) and silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor (SMRT) corepressors establish repression checkpoints on broad sets of inflammatory response genes in macrophages and are required for nearly all of the transrepression activities of liver X receptors (LXRs), they can be selectively recruited via c-Jun or the Ets repressor Tel, respectively, establishing NCoR-specific, SMRT-specific, and NCoR/SMRT-dependent promoters. Unexpectedly, the binding of NCoR and SMRT to NCoR/SMRT-dependent promoters is frequently mutually dependent, establishing a requirement for both proteins for LXR transrepression and enabling inflammatory signaling pathways that selectively target NCoR or SMRT to also derepress/activate NCoR/SMRT-dependent genes. These findings reveal a combinatorial, corepressor-based strategy for integration of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signals that play essential roles in immunity and homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Ghisletti
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Eguchi-Ishimae M, Eguchi M, Maki K, Porcher C, Shimizu R, Yamamoto M, Mitani K. Leukemia-related transcription factor TEL/ETV6 expands erythroid precursors and stimulates hemoglobin synthesis. Cancer Sci 2009; 100:689-97. [PMID: 19302286 PMCID: PMC11158721 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01097.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
TEL/ETV6 located at chromosome 12p13 encodes a member of the E26 transformation-specific family of transcription factors. TEL is known to be rearranged in a variety of leukemias and solid tumors resulting in the formation of oncogenic chimeric protein. Tel is essential for maintaining hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. To understand the role of TEL in erythropoiesis, we generated transgenic mice expressing human TEL under the control of Gata1 promoter that is activated during the course of the erythroid-lineage differentiation (GATA1-TEL transgenic mice). Although GATA1-TEL transgenic mice appeared healthy up to 18 months of age, the level of hemoglobin was higher in transgenic mice compared to non-transgenic littermates. In addition, CD71+/TER119+ and c-kit+/CD41+ populations proliferated with a higher frequency in transgenic mice when bone marrow cells were cultured in the presence of erythropoietin and thrombopoietin, respectively. In transgenic mice, enhanced expression of Alas-e and beta-major globin genes was observed in erythroid-committed cells. When embryonic stem cells expressing human TEL under the same Gata1 promoter were differentiated into hematopoietic cells, immature erythroid precursor increased better compared to controls as judged from the numbers of burst-forming unit of erythrocytes. Our findings suggest some roles of TEL in expanding erythroid precursors and accumulating hemoglobin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minenori Eguchi-Ishimae
- Department of Hematology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Roudaia L, Cheney MD, Manuylova E, Chen W, Morrow M, Park S, Lee CT, Kaur P, Williams O, Bushweller JH, Speck NA. CBFbeta is critical for AML1-ETO and TEL-AML1 activity. Blood 2009; 113:3070-9. [PMID: 19179469 PMCID: PMC2662647 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-03-147207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2008] [Accepted: 01/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AML1-ETO and TEL-AML1 are chimeric proteins resulting from the t(8;21)(q22;q22) in acute myeloid leukemia, and the t(12;21)(p13;q22) in pre-B-cell leukemia, respectively. The Runt domain of AML1 in both proteins mediates DNA binding and heterodimerization with the core binding factor beta (CBFbeta) subunit. To determine whether CBFbeta is required for AML1-ETO and TEL-AML1 activity, we introduced amino acid substitutions into the Runt domain that disrupt heterodimerization with CBFbeta but not DNA binding. We show that CBFbeta contributes to AML1-ETO's inhibition of granulocyte differentiation, is essential for its ability to enhance the clonogenic potential of primary mouse bone marrow cells, and is indispensable for its cooperativity with the activated receptor tyrosine kinase TEL-PDGFbetaR in generating acute myeloid leukemia in mice. Similarly, CBFbeta is essential for TEL-AML1's ability to promote self-renewal of B cell precursors in vitro. These studies validate the Runt domain/CBFbeta interaction as a therapeutic target in core binding factor leukemias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liya Roudaia
- Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bungaro S, Dell'Orto MC, Zangrando A, Basso D, Gorletta T, Lo Nigro L, Leszl A, Young BD, Basso G, Bicciato S, Biondi A, te Kronnie G, Cazzaniga G. Integration of genomic and gene expression data of childhood ALL without known aberrations identifies subgroups with specific genetic hallmarks. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2009; 48:22-38. [PMID: 18803328 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) comprises genetically distinct subtypes. However, 25% of cases still lack defined genetic hallmarks. To identify genomic aberrancies in childhood ALL patients nonclassifiable by conventional methods, we performed a single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) array-based genomic analysis of leukemic cells from 29 cases. The vast majority of cases analyzed (19/24, 79%) showed genomic abnormalities; at least one of them affected either genes involved in cell cycle regulation or in B-cell development. The most relevant abnormalities were CDKN2A/9p21 deletions (7/24, 29%), ETV6 (TEL)/12p13 deletions (3/24, 12%), and intrachromosomal amplifications of chromosome 21 (iAMP21) (3/24, 12%). To identify variation in expression of genes directly or indirectly affected by recurrent genomic alterations, we integrated genomic and gene expression data generated by microarray analyses of the same samples. SMAD1 emerged as a down-regulated gene in CDKN2A homozygous deleted cases compared with nondeleted. The JAG1 gene, encoding the Jagged 1 ligand of the Notch receptor, was among a list of differentially expressed (up-regulated) genes in ETV6-deleted cases. Our findings demonstrate that integration of genomic analysis and gene expression profiling can identify genetic lesions undetected by routine methods and potential novel pathways involved in B-progenitor ALL pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bungaro
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica Università Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Engel ME, Hiebert SW. Proleukemic RUNX1 and CBFbeta mutations in the pathogenesis of acute leukemia. Cancer Treat Res 2009; 145:127-47. [PMID: 20306249 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-69259-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The existence of non-random mutations in critical regulators of cell growth and differentiation is a recurring theme in cancer pathogenesis and provides the basis for our modern, molecular approach to the study and treatment of malignant diseases. Nowhere is this more true than in the study of leukemogenesis, where research has converged upon a critical group of genes involved in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell self-renewal and fate specification. Prominent among these is the heterodimeric transcriptional regulator, RUNX1/CBFbeta. RUNX1 is a site-specific DNA-binding protein whose consensus response element is found in the promoters of many hematopoietically relevant genes. CBFbeta interacts with RUNX1, stabilizing its interaction with DNA to promote the actions of RUNX1/CBFbeta in transcriptional control. Both the RUNX1 and the CBFbeta genes participate in proleukemic chromosomal alterations. Together they contribute to approximately one-third of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and one-quarter of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases, making RUNX1 and CBFbeta the most frequently affected genes known in the pathogenesis of acute leukemia. Investigating the mechanisms by which RUNX1, CBFbeta, and their proleukemic fusion proteins influence leukemogenesis has contributed greatly to our understanding of both normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Here we present an overview of the structural features of RUNX1/CBFbeta and their derivatives, their roles in transcriptional control, and their contributions to normal and malignant hematopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Engel
- Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Godman CA, Joshi R, Tierney BR, Greenspan E, Rasmussen TP, Wang HW, Shin DG, Rosenberg DW, Giardina C. HDAC3 impacts multiple oncogenic pathways in colon cancer cells with effects on Wnt and vitamin D signaling. Cancer Biol Ther 2008; 7:1570-80. [PMID: 18769117 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.7.10.6561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) is overexpressed in approximately half of all colon adenocarcinomas. We took an RNAi approach to determine how HDAC3 influenced chromatin modifications and the expression of growth regulatory genes in colon cancer cells. A survey of histone modifications revealed that HDAC3 knockdown in SW480 cells significantly increased histone H4-K12 acetylation, a modification present during chromatin assembly that has been implicated in imprinting. This modification was found to be most prominent in proliferating cells in the intestinal crypt and in APC(Min) tumors, but was less pronounced in the tumors that overexpress HDAC3. Gene expression profiling of SW480 revealed that HDAC3 shRNA impacted the expression of genes in the Wnt and vitamin D signaling pathways. The impact of HDAC3 on Wnt signaling was complex, with both positive and negative effects observed. However, long-term knockdown of HDAC3 suppressed beta-catenin translocation from the plasma membrane to the nucleus, and increased expression of Wnt inhibitors TLE1, TLE4 and SMO. HDAC3 knockdown also enhanced expression of the TLE1 and TLE4 repressors in HT-29 and HCT116 cells. HDAC3 shRNA enhanced expression of the vitamin D receptor in SW480 and HCT116 cells, and rendered SW480 cells sensitive to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. We propose that HDAC3 overexpression alters the epigenetic programming of colon cancer cells to impact intracellular Wnt signaling and their sensitivity to external growth regulation by vitamin D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra A Godman
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Meester-Smoor MA, Janssen MJ, Grosveld GC, de Klein A, van IJcken WF, Douben H, Zwarthoff EC. MN1 affects expression of genes involved in hematopoiesis and can enhance as well as inhibit RAR/RXR-induced gene expression. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29:2025-34. [PMID: 18632758 PMCID: PMC3202306 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2008] [Revised: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncoprotein meningioma 1 (MN1) is overexpressed in several subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and overexpression was associated with a poor response to chemotherapy. MN1 is a cofactor of retinoic acid receptor/retinoic x receptor (RAR/RXR)-mediated transcription and this study identified genes in the promonocytic cell line U937 that were regulated by MN1. We found that MN1 can both stimulate and inhibit transcription. Combining MN1 expression with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the ligand of the RAR/RXR dimer, showed that MN1 could both enhance and repress ATRA effects. Many of the identified genes are key players in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis (e.g. MEIS1 and BMI1). Another interesting target is DHRS9. DHRS9 is involved in the synthesis of ATRA from vitamin A. MN1 inhibited DHRS9 expression and completely abolished its induction by ATRA. MN1 is also the target of a rare AML-causing translocation encoding the MN1-TEL protein. MN1-TEL induces expression of only a few genes and its most pronounced effect is inhibition of a large group of ATRA-induced genes including DHRS9. In conclusion, both MN1 and MN1-TEL interfere with the ATRA pathway and this might explain the differentiation block in leukemias in which these genes are involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magda A. Meester-Smoor
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein J.F.W. Janssen
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard C. Grosveld
- Department of Genetics and Tumor Cell Biology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Annelies de Klein
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hannie Douben
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen C. Zwarthoff
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Baeumler J, Szuhai K, Falkenburg JF, van Schie ML, Ottmann OG, Nijmeijer BA. Establishment and cytogenetic characterization of a human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line (ALL-VG) with ETV6/ABL1 rearrangement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 185:37-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2008] [Revised: 04/25/2008] [Accepted: 05/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
49
|
Song LN, Gelmann EP. Silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptor and nuclear receptor corepressor attenuate transcriptional activation by the beta-catenin-TCF4 complex. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:25988-99. [PMID: 18632669 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m800325200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
beta-Catenin is a multifunctional mediator of cellular signaling and an oncogene. Nuclear beta-catenin, when complexed with members of the T-cell factor (TCF)/leukocyte enhancer factor family of DNA-binding proteins, mediates transcriptional activation important for embryonic development and adult cell homeostasis. Deregulation of intracellular levels of beta-catenin is an early event in the development of a variety of cancers. We observed that the proteins silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptor (SMRT) and the nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR) are negative regulators of transcription induced by the beta-catenin-TCF4 complex. Overexpression of SMRT and NCoR attenuated the transcription of beta-catenin-TCF4-specific reporter gene and of CCND1, an endogenous beta-catenin target gene. Knockdown of endogenous SMRT or NCoR by short interfering RNA augmented the beta-catenin-TCF4-mediated reporter gene expression. Glutathione S-transferase pulldown experiments showed there was a direct physical association of SMRT and NCoR with both beta-catenin and TCF4. DNA-protein interaction studies revealed that the interactions between either SMRT or NCoR and beta-catenin or TCF4 occurred at the promoter regions of CCND1 and other target genes. These findings demonstrate an important role for corepressors SMRT and NCoR in the regulation of beta-catenin-TCF4-mediated gene transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Nian Song
- Department of Medicine, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hanson CA, Wood LD, Hiebert SW. Cellular stress triggers TEL nuclear export via two genetically separable pathways. J Cell Biochem 2008; 104:488-98. [PMID: 18022807 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
TEL (translocation ets leukemia, also known as ETV6) is a repressor of transcription that is disrupted by the t(12;21), which is the most frequent chromosomal translocation in pediatric acute lymphocytic leukemia. TEL is modified by SUMOylation, and the lysine (Lys 99) that is conjugated to SUMO is required for TEL nuclear export. In addition, TEL is phosphorylated by p38 kinase, which is activated by cellular stress. Induction of cellular stress reduced the ability of TEL to repress transcription in vitro, but the mechanistic basis of this phenomenon was unclear. In this study, we show that osmotic stress causes re-localization of TEL to the cytoplasm and that p38-mediated phosphorylation of TEL is sufficient for this re-localization. However, impairment of both SUMOylation of Lys 99 and p38-dependent phosphorylation of Ser 257 of TEL were required to impair the re-localization of TEL in response to cellular stress induced by high salt, identifying two separate nuclear export pathways. Thus, alteration of the cellular localization of TEL may be a part of the cellular stress response and re-localization of TEL to the cytoplasm is an important step in the regulation of TEL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Hanson
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|