1
|
Slanina P, Stichova J, Bosakova V, Zambo IS, Kohoutkova MH, Laznickova P, Chovancova Z, Litzman J, Plucarova T, Fric J, Vlkova M. Phenotype and oxidative burst of low-density neutrophil subpopulations are altered in common variable immunodeficiency patients. CYTOMETRY. PART B, CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2024; 106:99-112. [PMID: 37997558 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.22150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency disorder (CVID) is the most common form of primary antibody immunodeficiency. Due to low antibody levels, CVID patients receive intravenous or subcutaneous immunoglobulin replacement therapy as treatment. CVID is associated with the chronic activation of granulocytes, including an increased percentage of low-density neutrophils (LDNs). In this study, we examined changes in the percentage of LDNs and the expression of their surface markers in 25 patients with CVID and 27 healthy donors (HD) after in vitro stimulation of whole blood using IVIg. An oxidative burst assay was used to assess the functionality of LDNs. CVID patients had increased both relative and absolute LDN counts with a higher proportion of mLDNs compared to iLDNs, distinguished based on the expression of CD10 and CD16. Immature LDNs in the CVID and HD groups had significantly reduced oxidative burst capacity compared to mature LDNs. Interestingly we observed reduced oxidative burst capacity, reduced expression of CD10 after stimulation of WB, and higher expression of PD-L1 in mature LDNs in CVID patients compared to HD cells. Our data indicate that that the functional characteristics of LDNs are closely linked to their developmental stage. The observed reduction in oxidative burst capacity in mLDNs in CVID patients could contribute to an increased susceptibility to recurrent bacterial infections among CVID patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Slanina
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Julie Stichova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Bosakova
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Staniczkova Zambo
- 1st Department of Pathology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Hortova Kohoutkova
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Laznickova
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zita Chovancova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Litzman
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Terezie Plucarova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Fric
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Vlkova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Impact of IgG2 high molecular weight species on neonatal Fc receptor binding assays. Anal Biochem 2015; 489:25-31. [PMID: 26255698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A cell-based assay and a solution neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) binding assay were implemented for the characterization of an IgG2 antibody after observation that different product lots exhibited unexpected differences in FcRn binding in the cell-based format with membrane-bound FcRn. The experiments described here suggest that the apparent differences observed in the FcRn binding across different product lots in the cell-based format can be attributed to the different levels of the higher order high molecular weight species (HMWs) in them. A strong correlation between FcRn binding in the cell-based format and the percentage (%) higher order HMWs suggests that small amounts (∼0.1%) of the latter could cause the enhanced apparent FcRn binding (% relative binding ranging from 50 to 100%) in the format. However, when the binding was assessed with recombinant FcRn in soluble form, avidity effects were minimal and the assay format exhibited less sensitivity toward the differences in higher order HMWs levels across product lots. In conclusion, a solution-based assay may be a more appropriate assay to assess FcRn binding of the dominant species of an Fc-fusion protein or monoclonal antibody if minor differences in product variants such as higher order HMWs are shown to affect the binding significantly.
Collapse
|
3
|
Schwab I, Nimmerjahn F. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy: how does IgG modulate the immune system? Nat Rev Immunol 2013; 13:176-89. [PMID: 23411799 DOI: 10.1038/nri3401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 569] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) preparations comprise pooled IgG antibodies from the serum of thousands of donors and were initially used as an IgG replacement therapy in immunocompromised patients. Since the discovery, more than 30 years ago, that IVIG therapy can ameliorate immune thrombocytopenia, the use of IVIG preparations has been extended to a wide range of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Despite the broad efficacy of IVIG therapy, its modes of action remain unclear. In this Review, we cover the recent insights into the molecular and cellular pathways that are involved in IVIG-mediated immunosuppression, with a particular focus on IVIG as a therapy for IgG-dependent autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inessa Schwab
- Institute of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommelstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Baerenwaldt A, Biburger M, Nimmerjahn F. Mechanisms of action of intravenous immunoglobulins. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2010; 6:425-34. [PMID: 20441428 DOI: 10.1586/eci.10.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) has been used for nearly three decades as an efficient anti-inflammatory therapeutic regimen in a growing number of autoimmune diseases. Despite this their success in clinical application, the mechanism of action of IVIg therapy remains elusive. During the last few years, several mechanisms dependent on either the IgG variable or constant fragment have been proposed to explain the potent immunomodulatory activity of IVIg. This review will discuss which molecular and cellular pathways might be involved in the anti-inflammatory activity of IVIg and for which types of autoimmune diseases they might be relevant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Baerenwaldt
- Department of Biology, Institute of Genetics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Foo AH, Ramkumar S, Helke S, Branch DR. Chemical treatment of anti-D results in improved efficacy for the inhibition of Fcγ receptor–mediated phagocytosis. Transfusion 2007; 47:2250-9. [PMID: 17714414 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01454.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated whether treatment of immunoglobulins anti-D or intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) with chemicals previously shown to inhibit phagocytosis could result in an enhancement of Fcgamma receptor (FcgammaR) blockade in vitro. If successful, this approach may provide the possibility of targeting these chemicals to monocyte-macrophages for increased efficacy of immunoglobulin-based therapies in vivo. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS For proof-of-concept, the chemical thimerosal, a prototype FcgammaR inhibitor, was combined with RhIG or IVIG. Residual chemical was removed by extensive dialysis. With a monocyte monolayer assay (MMA) and a concentration of immunoglobulin alone that results in 50 percent inhibition of MMA phagocytosis of antibody-coated red blood cells, the effect of thimerosal treatment on the ability of the immunoglobulin to show a significant enhancement of efficacy was determined. RESULTS It is shown that combining thimerosal with anti-D, either slide and rapid tube or commercially available (WinRho SDF, Cangene), results in a highly significant increase in efficacy over anti-D alone to inhibit phagocytosis in vitro. This effect was not due to residual unbound compound or to cellular toxicity of the chemically treated immunoglobulins. Treatment of IVIG with thimerosal had no significant effect on its ability to inhibit in vitro phagocytosis. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that it is possible to modify an immunoglobulin by chemical treatment such that the treated immunoglobulin demonstrates significantly enhanced ability to inhibit FcgammaR-mediated phagocytosis. It is also demonstrated that IVIG and anti-D appear to respond differently after chemical treatment. Further examination of this strategy is warranted and has the potential to reduce the dose, cost, and possibly, adverse effects of immunoglobulin-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison H Foo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Song S, Crow AR, Siragam V, Freedman J, Lazarus AH. Monoclonal antibodies that mimic the action of anti-D in the amelioration of murine ITP act by a mechanism distinct from that of IVIg. Blood 2005; 105:1546-8. [PMID: 15479722 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-05-1886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe mechanism of action of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and polyclonal anti-D–mediated reversal of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is still unclear. However, in a murine model of ITP, the therapeutic effect of IVIg appears to be wholly dependent upon the expression of the inhibitory Fc receptor, FcγRIIB. We previously demonstrated that, similar to anti-D in humans, 2 erythrocyte-reactive monoclonal antibodies (TER119 and M1/69) ameliorated murine ITP and inhibited reticuloendothelial system (RES) function at doses that protected against thrombocytopenia. The current study evaluated the involvement of the inhibitory and activating Fc receptors, FcγRIIB and FcγRIIIA, respectively, in the TER119 and M1/69-mediated inhibition of thrombocytopenia. In contrast to IVIg, in FcγRIIB-deficient mice, both monoclonal antibodies ameliorated ITP and both significantly down-regulated the level of expression of the activating FcγRIIIA in splenic macrophages. These results indicate that anti-erythrocyte antibodies that ameliorate ITP act independently of FcγRIIB expression but are dependent upon the activating FcγRIIIA.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Disease Models, Animal
- Erythrocytes/immunology
- Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/pharmacology
- Isoantibodies/pharmacology
- Isoantibodies/therapeutic use
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/blood
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/immunology
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/therapy
- Receptors, IgG/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, IgG/deficiency
- Receptors, IgG/genetics
- Receptors, IgG/physiology
- Rh-Hr Blood-Group System/immunology
- Rho(D) Immune Globulin
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seng Song
- Transfusion Medicine Research, St Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 1W8
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|