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Angerville R, Perrodin Y, Bazin C, Emmanuel E. Evaluation of ecotoxicological risks related to the Discharge of Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) in a periurban River. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:2670-87. [PMID: 23812025 PMCID: PMC3734449 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10072670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Discharges of Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) into periurban rivers present risks for the concerned aquatic ecosystems. In this work, a specific ecotoxicological risk assessment methodology has been developed as management tool to municipalities equipped with CSOs. This methodology comprises a detailed description of the spatio-temporal system involved, the choice of ecological targets to be preserved, and carrying out bioassays adapted to each compartment of the river receiving CSOs. Once formulated, this methodology was applied to a river flowing through the outskirts of the city of Lyon in France. The results obtained for the scenario studied showed a moderate risk for organisms of the water column and a major risk for organisms of the benthic and hyporheic zones of the river. The methodology enabled identifying the critical points of the spatio-temporal systems studied, and then making proposals for improving the management of CSOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Angerville
- Université de Lyon, ENTPE, UMR CNRS 5023 LEHNA, 2 rue Maurice Audin, Vaulx-en-Velin 69518, France; E-Mail:
- Université Quisqueya, Laboratoire LAQUE, BP 796, Port-au-Prince, Haïti; E-Mail:
| | - Yves Perrodin
- Université de Lyon, ENTPE, UMR CNRS 5023 LEHNA, 2 rue Maurice Audin, Vaulx-en-Velin 69518, France; E-Mail:
| | - Christine Bazin
- INSAVALOR, POLDEN, 20 avenue Albert Einstein, Villeurbanne Cedex 69621, France; E-Mail:
| | - Evens Emmanuel
- Université Quisqueya, Laboratoire LAQUE, BP 796, Port-au-Prince, Haïti; E-Mail:
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Perrodin Y, Volatier L, Bazin C, Boisson JC. Assessment of ecological risks linked to the discharge of saline industrial effluent into a river. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:1450-1460. [PMID: 22684878 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Discharges of saline effluents into rivers can lead to risks for local aquatic ecosystems. A specific ecological risk assessment methodology has been developed to propose a management tool to organisations responsible for managing rivers and industrial companies producing saline effluents. This methodology involves the detailed description of the spatiotemporal system concerned, the choice of ecological targets to be preserved, and the performance of bioassays adapted to each of the compartments of the river. Following development, it was applied to an industrial effluent in eastern France. For the scenario studied, results obtained suggest a high risk for the organisms of the water column and a low risk for the organisms of the periphyton. This difference can be explained by the structure of the latter which integrate extracellular polymers secreted by the organisms of the biofilm, forming a gel with a porous structure that acts as a barrier to diffusion. The methodology formulated permitted identifying the critical points of the spatiotemporal system studied and then using them as the basis for making well-grounded proposals for management. Lastly, proposals to improve the methodology itself are made, especially concerning the integration of the sediment compartment in the version formulated initially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Perrodin
- Université de Lyon, ENTPE; UMR CNRS 5023 LEHNA; 2, rue Maurice Audin, 69518, Vaulx-en-Velin, France.
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Perrodin Y, Christine B, Sylvie B, Alain D, Jean-Luc BK, Cécile CO, Audrey R, Elodie B. A priori assessment of ecotoxicological risks linked to building a hospital. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:1037-46. [PMID: 23040646 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Hospital wastewaters contain a large number of chemical pollutants such as disinfectants, detergents, and drug residues. A part of these pollutants is not eliminated by traditional urban waste water treatment plants, leading to a major risk for the aquatic ecosystems receiving these effluents. After having formulated a specific methodology in order to assessment ecotoxicological risk for such a situation, we applied it to the project to build a new hospital shared by several towns in the French Alps. This methodology is based on the ecotoxicological characterisation of the hospital wastewater using a battery of three chronic bioassays (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Heterocypris incongruens and Brachionus calyciflorus) and of genotoxicity tests (Ames fluctuation assay on Salmonella typhimurium, and a Fpg-modified comet assay on the trout liver cell line RTL-W1). The formulated methodology highlights a moderate risk of the hospital wastewater for the organisms of the water column of the river concerned. Nevertheless, this discharge contributes significantly to the global ecotoxicological risk when taking into account all the releases of the watershed into the river. This leads to recommending the implementation of a specific treatment system in the urban WWTP, or upstream to it, in view to protecting the aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Perrodin
- Université de Lyon, ENTPE, CNRS, UMR 5023 LEHNA, 2 Rue Maurice Audin, 69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France.
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Perrodin Y, Donguy G, Bazin C, Volatier L, Durrieu C, Bony S, Devaux A, Abdelghafour M, Moretto R. Ecotoxicological risk assessment linked to infilling quarries with treated dredged seaport sediments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 431:375-384. [PMID: 22705873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 05/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The dredged sediments of polluted seaports now raise complex management problems since it is no longer possible to discharge them into the sea. This results in the need to manage them on land, raising other types of technical, economic and environmental problems. Regarding the technical and economic dimensions, traditional waste treatment methods have proved to be poorly adapted, due to very high costs and low absorbable volumes. In this context, filling quarries in coastal areas with treated sediments could represent an interesting alternative for these materials. Nevertheless, for the environmental dimension, it is necessary to demonstrate that this possibility is harmless to inland ecosystems. Consequently, a specific ecotoxicological risk assessment methodology has been formulated and tested on three sediments taken from seaboards of France, in view to providing an operational and usable tool for the prior validation of any operation to fill quarries with treated seaport sediments. This method incorporates the formulation of a global conceptual model of the scenario studied and the definition of protocols for each of its steps: the characterisation of exposures (based on a simulation of sediment deposit), the characterisation of effects (via the study of sediments ecotoxicity), and the final ecotoxicological risk assessment performed as a calculation of a risk quotient. It includes the implementation in parallel of two types of complementary approach: the "substances" approach derived from the European methodology for assessing new substances placed on the market, and the "matrix" approach which is similar to methods developed in France to assess ecological risks in other domains (waste management, polluted site management, …). The application of this dual approach to the three sediments tested led to conclude with reliability that the project to deposit sediments "1" and "2" presented a low risk for the peripheral aquatic ecosystems while sediment "3" presented a high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Perrodin
- Université de Lyon, ENTPE, CNRS, UMR 5023 LEHNA, 2 rue Maurice Audin, 69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France.
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Perrodin Y, Boillot C, Angerville R, Donguy G, Emmanuel E. Ecological risk assessment of urban and industrial systems: a review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 409:5162-5176. [PMID: 21944201 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2011] [Revised: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Numerous ecological risk assessment methodologies have been developed over the last twenty years around the world for evaluating urban and industrial systems and installations, by both the organisations responsible for implementing regulations and the scientific community. Although these methodologies share the general principle underlying their use, they differ widely with respect to the approaches chosen and the resources employed to apply them. Also, they may even have different objectives: prior assessment as part of an impact study before building a new installation, or retrospective assessment, for example, in view to explaining the reasons for an impact recorded or for forecasting additional expected impacts. This article provides a synthesis of the different approaches used around the world for carrying out each of the major steps common to all ecological risk assessment methodologies. The advantages and limitations of these different options are discussed in order to provide elements for formulating any new methodology adapted to a given scenario. To conclude, perspectives for improving the tools required for these methodologies are proposed, and the research works to which priority should be given are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Perrodin
- Université de Lyon, ENTPE, CNRS, UMR 5023, 69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France.
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Libralato G, Avezzù F, Losso C, Volpi Ghirardini A. Influence of storage methods, refrigeration or freezing, on the toxicity of wastewater samples to oyster embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2009; 30:535-541. [PMID: 19603701 DOI: 10.1080/09593330902831226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
One of the main concerns in wastewater whole effluent assessment is the sampling phase and the sample chain of custody before any toxicity evaluation. The major problem is related to establishing the correct method for sample storage in order to perform toxicity bioassays. The toxicity of some domestic and glass factory industrial wastewater samples stored both by refrigeration at 4 +/- 1 degrees C for no more than three days, and freezing at -18 +/- 1 degrees C for no more than one month was compared via the embryo larval development bioassay with the oyster Crassostrea gigas. The results showed no significant differences between the toxicities of refrigerated and frozen wastewater samples. The wastewater classification, according to a score based on four toxicity classes, showed that the preservation methods did not alter the toxicity classification of the samples. In particular, it was demonstrated that the samples considered as 'not acutely toxic' after refrigeration were also found to have this classification after freezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Libralato
- Environmental Sciences Department, University of Venice Cà Foscari, Campo della Celestia 2737/b, 1-30122 Venice, Italy.
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Libralato G, Losso C, Avezzù F, Volpi Ghirardini A. Influence of the salinity adjustment methods, salts and brine, on the toxicity of wastewater samples to mussel embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2009; 30:85-91. [PMID: 19213470 DOI: 10.1080/09593330802505094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
One of the main problems of the Whole Effluent Toxicity is related to the use of bioindicator species representative of the target environment. Most wastewater discharges are of fresh water, so their salinity has to be adjusted when they are discharged to transitional and marine coastal waters, in order to perform toxicity bioassays with reliable organisms. At the moment, there is no optimum technique to allow sample salinity to be adjusted and no specific information regarding salinity adjustment when bivalves are being considered for toxicity test performance. This paper provides information on the potential use of different methods to adjust the salinity of hotel/domestic wastewater samples with different brands of natural and synthetic Dry Salts (DS) and HyperSaline Brine (HSB) for use in the embryo larval development bioassay with the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. HyperSaline Brine derived from reconstructed artificial seawater proved to be more viable for wastewater salinity adjustment than DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Libralato
- Environmental Sciences Department, University of Venice Cà Foscari, Venice, Italy.
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Rila JP, Eisentraeger A. Influence of laboratory storage on the organic contaminant content and water-extractable ecotoxicological potential of soil samples. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2007; 52:22-31. [PMID: 17061051 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-005-0235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2005] [Accepted: 06/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
At present there is a high level of uncertainty about whether or not soil samples, which are required to be toxicologically characterized, could be preserved without affecting their toxicological characteristics. In the existing DIN/ISO standards for soil investigations, there is no documentation on the storage of soil samples after collection for (eco-)toxicological investigations. Furthermore, procedures for receiving justifiable and verifiable results from soil samples are quite vague. Therefore, the stability and changes in the biological effects of different soil contaminants were investigated by varying the storage conditions and the storage times of the soil. The limitations of storing soils could therefore be subsequently outlined. Recommendations for the optimization of storage conditions for back-up soil samples were made. These recommendations have the capability of finding entrance into DIN/ISO standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Rila
- Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen, Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Aachen, Germany.
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Schmitt M, Gellert G, Lichtenberg-Fraté H. The toxic potential of an industrial effluent determined with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based assay. WATER RESEARCH 2005; 39:3211-8. [PMID: 16002118 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2005.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2004] [Revised: 02/28/2005] [Accepted: 05/25/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Increasing levels of environmental pollution and the continuous monitoring of water quality both request specific and sensitive methods for the detection of detrimental water contents. On a regulatory basis genotoxicity is assessed by the standard umu-test (ISO 13829) that responds to DNA damage induced by chemicals. The focus of this study was the examination of the toxic potential of samples taken from the wastewater treatment plant of a refinery factory to explore the applicability of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae (bakers yeast) test for the detection of bio-available genotoxic activity in complex matrices. The toxic potential of samples without pre-treatment and following centrifugation was determined with the eukaryotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae bioassay based on the transcriptional activation of the green fluorescent protein (gfp) fused to the DNA damage inducible RAD54 promoter and general growth inhibition. Primary effluent samples were taken as qualified sterile spot samples from the final effluent of the purification plant. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae assay yielded geno- and cytotoxic responses in all complex untreated and centrifuged samples with high reproducibility. The obtained results suggest that the yeast assay is suited as a screening tool to monitor genotoxic potential of wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Schmitt
- Institut für zelluläre und molekulare Botanik, AG Molekulare Bioenergetik, Universität Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Lele Z, Krone PH. The zebrafish as a model system in developmental, toxicological and transgenic research. Biotechnol Adv 2004; 14:57-72. [PMID: 14536924 DOI: 10.1016/0734-9750(96)00004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish has long been used as a model system in fisheries biology and toxicology. More recently, it has also become the focus of a major research effort into understanding the molecular and cellular events which dictate the development of vertebrate embryos. As well, the zebrafish has proven attractive in studies examining the factors which affect the creation of transgenic fish and the expression of transgenes. The advances which have been made in these areas have firmly established this small aquarium fish as a major model system in biological and biotechnological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Lele
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Health Services Building, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5E5
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Pintar A, Besson M, Gallezot P, Gibert J, Martin D. Toxicity to Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri of Kraft bleach plant effluents treated by catalytic wet-air oxidation. WATER RESEARCH 2004; 38:289-300. [PMID: 14675640 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2003.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two Kraft-pulp bleaching effluents from a sequence of treatments which include chlorine dioxide and caustic soda were treated by catalytic wet-air oxidation (CWAO) at T=463 K in trickle-bed and batch-recycle reactors packed with either TiO2 extrudates or Ru(3 wt%)/TiO2 catalyst. Chemical analyses (TOC removal, color, HPLC) and bioassays (48-h and 30-min acute toxicity tests using Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri, respectively) were used to get information about the toxicity impact of the starting effluents and of the treated solutions. Under the operating conditions, complex organic compounds are mostly oxidized into carbon dioxide and water, along with short-chain carboxylic acids. Bioassays were found as a complement to chemical analyses for ensuring the toxicological impact on the ecosystem. In spite of a large decrease of TOC, the solutions of end products were all more toxic to Daphnia magna than the starting effluents by factors ranging from 2 to 33. This observation is attributed to the synergistic effects of acetic acid and salts present in the solutions. On the other hand, toxicity reduction with respect to Vibrio fischeri was achieved: detoxification factors greater than unity were measured for end-product solutions treated in the presence of the Ru(3 wt%)/TiO2 catalyst, suggesting the absence of cumulative effect for this bacteria, or a lower sensitivity to the organic acids and salts. Bleach plant effluents treated by the CWAO process over the Ru/TiO2 catalyst were completely biodegradable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albin Pintar
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, P.O. Box 660, Ljubljana SI-1001, Slovenia
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