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Carbonic anhydrase 14 protects the liver against the cytotoxicity of bile acids in a biliary bicarbonate umbrella-related manner. Life Sci 2022; 310:121117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Aspatwar A, Syrjänen L, Parkkila S. Roles of Carbonic Anhydrases and Carbonic Anhydrase Related Proteins in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084342. [PMID: 35457162 PMCID: PMC9032886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During recent decades, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have become one of the most important model organisms in which to study different physiological and biological phenomena. The research field of carbonic anhydrases (CAs) and carbonic anhydrase related proteins (CARPs) is not an exception to this. The best-known function of CAs is the regulation of acid–base balance. However, studies performed with zebrafish, among others, have revealed important roles for these proteins in many other physiological processes, some of which had not yet been predicted in the light of previous studies and suggestions. Examples include roles in zebrafish pigmentation as well as motor coordination. Disruption of the function of these proteins may generate lethal outcomes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of CA-related studies performed in zebrafish from 1993–2021 that was obtained from PubMed search.
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Aspatwar A, Tolvanen MEE, Barker H, Syrjänen L, Valanne S, Purmonen S, Waheed A, Sly WS, Parkkila S. Carbonic Anhydrases in Metazoan Model Organisms: Molecules, Mechanisms, and Physiology. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1327-1383. [PMID: 35166161 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past three decades, mice, zebrafish, fruit flies, and Caenorhabditis elegans have been the primary model organisms used for the study of various biological phenomena. These models have also been adopted and developed to investigate the physiological roles of carbonic anhydrases (CAs) and carbonic anhydrase-related proteins (CARPs). These proteins belong to eight CA families and are identified by Greek letters: α, β, γ, δ, ζ, η, θ, and ι. Studies using model organisms have focused on two CA families, α-CAs and β-CAs, which are expressed in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms with species-specific distribution patterns and unique functions. This review covers the biological roles of CAs and CARPs in light of investigations performed in model organisms. Functional studies demonstrate that CAs are not only linked to the regulation of pH homeostasis, the classical role of CAs but also contribute to a plethora of previously undescribed functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Aspatwar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Harlan Barker
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd and TAYS Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Leo Syrjänen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Susanna Valanne
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sami Purmonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Abdul Waheed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Edward A. Doisy Research Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - William S Sly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Edward A. Doisy Research Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd and TAYS Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Zhou Z, Qian J, Kini A, Riederer B, Römermann D, Gros G, Seidler U. Loss of luminal carbonic anhydrase XIV results in decreased biliary bicarbonate output, liver fibrosis, and cholangiocyte proliferation in mice. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:529-539. [PMID: 35119514 PMCID: PMC8993780 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02659-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase XIV (Car14) is highly expressed in the hepatocyte, with predominance in the canalicular membrane and its active site in the extracellular milieu. The aim of this study is to determine the physiological relevance of Car14 for biliary fluid and acid/base output, as well as its role in the maintenance of hepatocellular and cholangiocyte integrity. The common bile duct of anesthetized car14-/- and car14+/+ mice was cannulated and hepatic HCO3- output was measured by microtitration and bile flow gravimetrically before and during stimulation with intravenously applied tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA). Morphological alterations and hepatic damage were assessed histologically and immunohistochemically in liver tissue from 3- to 52-week-old car14-/- and car14+/+ mice, and gene and/or protein expression was measured for pro-inflammatory cytokines, fibrosis, and cholangiocyte markers. Biliary basal and more so TUDCA-stimulated HCO3- output were significantly reduced in car14-/- mice of all age groups, whereas bile flow and hepatic and ductular morphology were normal at young age. Car14-/- mice developed fibrotic and proliferative changes in the small bile ducts at advanced age, which was accompanied by a reduction in bile flow, and an upregulation of hepatic cytokeratin 19 mRNA and protein expression. Membrane-bound Car14 is essential for biliary HCO3- output, and its loss results in gradual development of small bile duct disease and hepatic fibrosis. Bile flow is not compromised in young adulthood, suggesting that Car14-deficient mice may be a model to study the protective role of biliary canalicular HCO3- against luminal noxi to the cholangiocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiajie Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Archana Kini
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Brigitte Riederer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dorothee Römermann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerolf Gros
- Department of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ursula Seidler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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5
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Lee A, Mason ML, Lin T, Kumar SB, Kowdley D, Leung JH, Muhanna D, Sun Y, Ortega-Anaya J, Yu L, Fitzgerald J, DeVries AC, Nelson RJ, Weil ZM, Jiménez-Flores R, Parquette JR, Ziouzenkova O. Amino Acid Nanofibers Improve Glycemia and Confer Cognitive Therapeutic Efficacy to Bound Insulin. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:pharmaceutics14010081. [PMID: 35056977 PMCID: PMC8778970 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes poses a high risk for debilitating complications in neural tissues, regulating glucose uptake through insulin-dependent and predominantly insulin-independent pathways. Supramolecular nanostructures provide a flexible strategy for combinatorial regulation of glycemia. Here, we compare the effects of free insulin to insulin bound to positively charged nanofibers comprised of self-assembling amino acid compounds (AACs) with an antioxidant-modified side chain moiety (AAC2) in both in vitro and in vivo models of type 1 diabetes. Free AAC2, free human insulin (hINS) and AAC2-bound-human insulin (AAC2-hINS) were tested in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mouse model of type 1 diabetes. AAC2-hINS acted as a complex and exhibited different properties compared to free AAC2 or hINS. Mice treated with the AAC2-hINS complex were devoid of hypoglycemic episodes, had improved levels of insulin in circulation and in the brain, and increased expression of neurotransmitter taurine transporter, Slc6a6. Consequently, treatment with AAC2-hINS markedly advanced both physical and cognitive performance in mice with STZ-induced and genetic type 1 diabetes compared to treatments with free AAC2 or hINS. This study demonstrates that the flexible nanofiber AAC2 can serve as a therapeutic platform for the combinatorial treatment of diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aejin Lee
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.L.); (S.B.K.); (D.K.); (J.H.L.); (D.M.)
| | - McKensie L. Mason
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.L.M.); (T.L.); (Y.S.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.L.M.); (T.L.); (Y.S.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Shashi Bhushan Kumar
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.L.); (S.B.K.); (D.K.); (J.H.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Devan Kowdley
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.L.); (S.B.K.); (D.K.); (J.H.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Jacob H. Leung
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.L.); (S.B.K.); (D.K.); (J.H.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Danah Muhanna
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.L.); (S.B.K.); (D.K.); (J.H.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Yuan Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.L.M.); (T.L.); (Y.S.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Joana Ortega-Anaya
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.O.-A.); (R.J.-F.)
| | - Lianbo Yu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Julie Fitzgerald
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.F.); (A.C.D.); (Z.M.W.)
| | - A. Courtney DeVries
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.F.); (A.C.D.); (Z.M.W.)
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Randy J. Nelson
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - Zachary M. Weil
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.F.); (A.C.D.); (Z.M.W.)
| | - Rafael Jiménez-Flores
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.O.-A.); (R.J.-F.)
| | - Jon R. Parquette
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.L.M.); (T.L.); (Y.S.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Ouliana Ziouzenkova
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.L.); (S.B.K.); (D.K.); (J.H.L.); (D.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-614-292-5034
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Urbelytė L, Bagdonas M, Grybaitė B, Vaickelionienė R, Mickevičiūtė A, Michailovienė V, Matulis D, Mickevičius V, Zubrienė A. Design and Synthesis of Hydrazone‐Bearing Benzenesulfonamides as Carbonic Anhydrase VB Inhibitors. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liucija Urbelytė
- Department of Organic Chemistry Kaunas University of Technology Radvilėnų pl. 19 Kaunas LT-50254 Lithuania
| | - Martynas Bagdonas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center Vilnius University Saulėtekio 7 Vilnius LT-10257 Lithuania
| | - Birutė Grybaitė
- Department of Organic Chemistry Kaunas University of Technology Radvilėnų pl. 19 Kaunas LT-50254 Lithuania
| | - Rita Vaickelionienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry Kaunas University of Technology Radvilėnų pl. 19 Kaunas LT-50254 Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Mickevičiūtė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center Vilnius University Saulėtekio 7 Vilnius LT-10257 Lithuania
| | - Vilma Michailovienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center Vilnius University Saulėtekio 7 Vilnius LT-10257 Lithuania
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center Vilnius University Saulėtekio 7 Vilnius LT-10257 Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Mickevičius
- Department of Organic Chemistry Kaunas University of Technology Radvilėnų pl. 19 Kaunas LT-50254 Lithuania
| | - Asta Zubrienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center Vilnius University Saulėtekio 7 Vilnius LT-10257 Lithuania
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Xie D, Chen G, Meng X, Wang H, Bi X, Fang M, Yang C, Zhou Y, Long E, Feng S. Comparable Number of Genes Having Experienced Positive Selection among Great Ape Species. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113264. [PMID: 34827995 PMCID: PMC8614513 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary It is of great interest to quantify adaptive evolution in human lineage by studying genes under positive selection, since these genes could reveal insights into our own adaptive evolutionary history compared to our closely related species and often these genes are functionally important. We used the great apes as the subjects to detect gene-level adaptive evolution signals in all the great ape lineages and investigated the evolutionary patterns and functional relevance of these adaptive evolution signals. Even the differences in population size among these closely related great apes have resulted in differences in their ability to remove deleterious alleles and to adapt to changing environments, we found that they experienced comparable numbers of positive selection. Notably, we identified several genes that offer insights into great ape and human evolution. For example, SOD1, a gene associated with aging in humans, experienced positive selection in the common ancestor of the great ape and this positive selection may contribute to the aging evolution in great apes. Overall, an updated list of positively selected genes reported by this study not only informs us of adaptive evolution during great ape evolution, but is also helpful to the further study of non-human primate models for disease and other fields. Abstract Alleles that cause advantageous phenotypes with positive selection contribute to adaptive evolution. Investigations of positive selection in protein-coding genes rely on the accuracy of orthology, models, the quality of assemblies, and alignment. Here, based on the latest genome assemblies and gene annotations, we present a comparative analysis on positive selection in four great ape species and identify 211 high-confidence positively selected genes (PSGs). Even the differences in population size among these closely related great apes have resulted in differences in their ability to remove deleterious alleles and to adapt to changing environments, we found that they experienced comparable numbers of positive selection. We also uncovered that more than half of multigene families exhibited signals of positive selection, suggesting that imbalanced positive selection resulted in the functional divergence of duplicates. Moreover, at the expression level, although positive selection led to a more non-uniform pattern across tissues, the correlation between positive selection and expression patterns is diverse. Overall, this updated list of PSGs is of great significance for the further study of the phenotypic evolution in great apes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Xie
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; (X.B.); (M.F.); (C.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (D.X.); (S.F.)
| | - Guangji Chen
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; (X.B.); (M.F.); (C.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiaoyu Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; (X.M.); (H.W.)
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; (X.M.); (H.W.)
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Xupeng Bi
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; (X.B.); (M.F.); (C.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Miaoquan Fang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; (X.B.); (M.F.); (C.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chentao Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; (X.B.); (M.F.); (C.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yang Zhou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; (X.B.); (M.F.); (C.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Erping Long
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA;
| | - Shaohong Feng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; (X.B.); (M.F.); (C.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (D.X.); (S.F.)
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Baranauskiene L, Škiudaitė L, Michailovienė V, Petrauskas V, Matulis D. Thiazide and other Cl-benzenesulfonamide-bearing clinical drug affinities for human carbonic anhydrases. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253608. [PMID: 34166457 PMCID: PMC8224972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Twelve carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms catalyze carbon dioxide hydration to bicarbonate and acid protons and are responsible for many biological functions in human body. Despite their vital functions, they are also responsible for, or implicated in, numerous ailments and diseases such as glaucoma, high altitude sickness, and cancer. Because CA isoforms are highly homologous, clinical drugs designed to inhibit enzymatic activity of a particular isoform, can also bind to others with similar affinity causing toxic side effects. In this study, the affinities of twelve CA isoforms have been determined for nineteen clinically used drugs used to treat hypertension related diseases, i.e. thiazides, indapamide, and metolazone. Their affinities were determined using a fluorescent thermal shift assay. Stopped flow assay and isothermal titration calorimetry were also employed on a subset of compounds and proteins to confirm inhibition of CA enzymatic activity and verify the quantitative agreement between different assays. The findings of this study showed that pharmaceuticals could bind to human CA isoforms with variable affinities and inhibit their catalytic activity, even though the drug was intended to interact with a different (non-CA) protein target. Relatively minor structural changes of the compounds may cause significant changes in affinity and selectivity for a particular CA isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Baranauskiene
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lina Škiudaitė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Pharmacy Center, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Michailovienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Petrauskas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Di Fiore A, Supuran CT, Scaloni A, De Simone G. Human carbonic anhydrases and post-translational modifications: a hidden world possibly affecting protein properties and functions. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 35:1450-1461. [PMID: 32648529 PMCID: PMC7470082 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1781846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human carbonic anhydrases (CAs) have become a well-recognized target for the design of inhibitors and activators with biomedical applications. Accordingly, an enormous amount of literature is available on their biochemical, functional and structural aspects. Nevertheless post-translational modifications (PTMs) occurring on these enzymes and their functional implications have been poorly investigated so far. To fill this gap, in this review we have analysed all PTMs occurring on human CAs, as deriving from the search in dedicated databases, showing a widespread occurrence of modification events in this enzyme family. By combining these data with sequence alignments, inspection of 3 D structures and available literature, we have summarised the possible functional implications of these PTMs. Although in some cases a clear correlation between a specific PTM and the CA function has been highlighted, many modification events still deserve further dedicated studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Di Fiore
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-National Research Council, Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Napoli, Italy
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10
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Raja DA, Gotherwal V, Burse SA, Subramaniam YJ, Sultan F, Vats A, Gautam H, Sharma B, Sharma S, Singh A, Sivasubbu S, Gokhale RS, Natarajan VT. pH-controlled histone acetylation amplifies melanocyte differentiation downstream of MITF. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48333. [PMID: 31709752 PMCID: PMC6945066 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanning response and melanocyte differentiation are mediated by the central transcription factor MITF. This involves the rapid and selective induction of melanocyte maturation genes, while concomitantly the expression of other effector genes is maintained. In this study, using cell-based and zebrafish model systems, we report on a pH-mediated feed-forward mechanism of epigenetic regulation that enables selective amplification of the melanocyte maturation program. We demonstrate that MITF activation directly elevates the expression of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase 14 (CA14). Nuclear localization of CA14 leads to an increase of the intracellular pH, resulting in the activation of the histone acetyl transferase p300/CBP. In turn, enhanced H3K27 histone acetylation at selected differentiation genes facilitates their amplified expression via MITF. CRISPR-mediated targeted missense mutation of CA14 in zebrafish results in the formation of immature acidic melanocytes with decreased pigmentation, establishing a central role for this mechanism during melanocyte differentiation in vivo. Thus, we describe an epigenetic control system via pH modulation that reinforces cell fate determination by altering chromatin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desingu Ayyappa Raja
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchTaramani, Chennai
| | - Vishvabandhu Gotherwal
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchTaramani, Chennai
| | - Shaunak A Burse
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchTaramani, Chennai
| | - Yogaspoorthi J Subramaniam
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchTaramani, Chennai
| | - Farina Sultan
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchTaramani, Chennai
| | - Archana Vats
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Hemlata Gautam
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Babita Sharma
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchTaramani, Chennai
| | - Sachin Sharma
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchTaramani, Chennai
- Present address:
National Institute of ImmunologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Archana Singh
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchTaramani, Chennai
| | | | - Rajesh S Gokhale
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Present address:
National Institute of ImmunologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Vivek T Natarajan
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchTaramani, Chennai
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11
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Feng HZ, Jin JP. Transgenic expression of carbonic anhydrase III in cardiac muscle demonstrates a mechanism to tolerate acidosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C922-C931. [PMID: 31390226 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00130.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII) is abundant in liver, adipocytes, and skeletal muscles, but not heart. A cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes conversions between CO2 and HCO3- in the regulation of intracellular pH, its physiological role in myocytes is not fully understood. Mouse skeletal muscles lacking CAIII showed lower intracellular pH during fatigue, suggesting its function in stress tolerance. We created transgenic mice expressing CAIII in cardiomyocytes that lack endogenous CAIII. The transgenic mice showed normal cardiac development and life span under nonstress conditions. Studies of ex vivo working hearts under normal and acidotic conditions demonstrated that the transgenic and wild-type mouse hearts had similar pumping functions under normal pH. At acidotic pH, however, CAIII transgenic mouse hearts showed significantly less decrease in cardiac function than that of wild-type control as shown by higher ventricular pressure development, systolic and diastolic velocities, and stroke volume via elongating the time of diastolic ejection. In addition to the effect of introducing CAIII into cardiomyocytes on maintaining homeostasis to counter acidotic stress, the results demonstrate the role of carbonic anhydrases in maintaining intracellular pH in muscle cells as a potential mechanism to treat heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Zhong Feng
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - J-P Jin
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
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12
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Angapelly S, Angeli A, Khan AJ, Sri Ramya PV, Supuran CT, Arifuddin M. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 4-Sulfamoylphenyl/Sulfocoumarin Carboxamides as Selective Inhibitors of Carbonic Anhydrase Isoforms hCA II, IX, and XII. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1165-1171. [PMID: 29675887 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
With the aim to develop potent and selective human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (hCAIs), we synthesized 4-sulfamoylphenyl/sulfocoumarin benzamides (series 5 a-r and series 7 a-q) and evaluated their inhibition profiles against five isoforms of the zinc-containing human carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1): cytosolic hCA I and II, and the transmembrane isozymes hCA IV, IX, and XII. Compounds 5 a-r were found to selectively inhibit hCA II in the nanomolar range, while being less effective against the other hCA isoforms. As noted from the literature, sulfocoumarin (1,2-benzoxathiine 2,2-dioxide) acts as a "prodrug" inhibitor and is hydrolyzed by the esterase activity of hCA to form 2-hydroxyphenylvinylsulfonic acid, which thereafter binds to the enzyme in a manner similar to that of coumarins and sulfoxocoumarins. All these sulfocoumarins (compounds 7 a-q) were found to be very weak or ineffective as inhibitors of the housekeeping off-target hCA isoforms I and II, and effectively inhibited the transmembrane tumor-associated isoforms IX and XII in the high nanomolar to micromolar ranges. Further structural modifications of these molecules could be useful for the development of effective hCA inhibitors used for the treatment of glaucoma, epilepsy, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Angapelly
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Andrea Angeli
- NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Arbaj Jabbar Khan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - P V Sri Ramya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Mohammed Arifuddin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
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Sumi KR, Kim SC, Howlader J, Lee WK, Choi KS, Kim HT, Park JI, Nou IS, Kho KH. Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Carbonic Anhydrase XII from Pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes). Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29534037 PMCID: PMC5877703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an 1888-bp carbonic anhydrase XII (CA XII) sequence was cloned from the brain of the pufferfish, Takifugu rubripes. The cloned sequence contained a coding region of 1470-bp, which was predicted to translate into a protein of 490 amino acid residues. The predicted protein showed between 68–56% identity with the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and Asian arowana (Scleropages formosus) CA XII proteins. It also exhibited 36% and 53% identity with human CA II and CA XII, respectively. The cloned sequence contained a 22 amino acid NH2-terminal signal sequence and three Asn-Xaa-Ser/Thr sequons, among which one was potentially glycosylated. Four cysteine residues were also identified (Cys-21, Cys-201, Cys-355, and Cys-358), two of which (Cys-21 and Cys-201) could potentially form a disulfide bond. A 22-amino acid COOH-terminal cytoplasmic tail containing a potential site for phosphorylation by protein kinase A was also found. The cloned sequence might be a transmembrane protein, as predicted from in silico and phylogenetic analyses. The active site analysis of the predicted protein showed that its active site residues were highly conserved with tilapia CA XII protein. Homology modeling of the pufferfish CA XII was done using the crystal structure of the extracellular domain of human carbonic anhydrase XII at 1.55 Å resolution as a template. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, quantitative PCR (q-PCR), and in situ hybridization confirmed that pufferfish CA XII is highly expressed in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanij Rukshana Sumi
- Department of Fisheries Science, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Chonnam National University, 50, Daehak-ro, Yeosu, Jeonnam 59626, Korea.
| | - Soo Cheol Kim
- Department of Biomedical and Electronic Engineering, College of Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Jeonnam 59626, Korea.
| | - Jewel Howlader
- Department of Horticulture, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, 255, Jungang-ro, Suncheon-Si, Jeollanam-do 57922, Korea.
| | - Won Kyo Lee
- Department of Fisheries Science, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Chonnam National University, 50, Daehak-ro, Yeosu, Jeonnam 59626, Korea.
| | - Kap Seong Choi
- Department of Food Science, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, 255, Jungang-ro, Suncheon-Si, Jeollanam-do 57922, Korea.
| | - Hoy-Taek Kim
- Department of Horticulture, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, 255, Jungang-ro, Suncheon-Si, Jeollanam-do 57922, Korea.
| | - Jong-In Park
- Department of Horticulture, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, 255, Jungang-ro, Suncheon-Si, Jeollanam-do 57922, Korea.
| | - Ill-Sup Nou
- Department of Horticulture, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, 255, Jungang-ro, Suncheon-Si, Jeollanam-do 57922, Korea.
| | - Kang Hee Kho
- Department of Fisheries Science, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Chonnam National University, 50, Daehak-ro, Yeosu, Jeonnam 59626, Korea.
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Mboge MY, Mahon BP, McKenna R, Frost SC. Carbonic Anhydrases: Role in pH Control and Cancer. Metabolites 2018; 8:E19. [PMID: 29495652 PMCID: PMC5876008 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pH of the tumor microenvironment drives the metastatic phenotype and chemotherapeutic resistance of tumors. Understanding the mechanisms underlying this pH-dependent phenomenon will lead to improved drug delivery and allow the identification of new therapeutic targets. This includes an understanding of the role pH plays in primary tumor cells, and the regulatory factors that permit cancer cells to thrive. Over the last decade, carbonic anhydrases (CAs) have been shown to be important mediators of tumor cell pH by modulating the bicarbonate and proton concentrations for cell survival and proliferation. This has prompted an effort to inhibit specific CA isoforms, as an anti-cancer therapeutic strategy. Of the 12 active CA isoforms, two, CA IX and XII, have been considered anti-cancer targets. However, other CA isoforms also show similar activity and tissue distribution in cancers and have not been considered as therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. In this review, we consider all the CA isoforms and their possible role in tumors and their potential as targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mam Y Mboge
- University of Florida, College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, P.O. Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Brian P Mahon
- University of Florida, College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, P.O. Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Robert McKenna
- University of Florida, College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, P.O. Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Susan C Frost
- University of Florida, College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, P.O. Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Computational evaluation of 2-amino-5-sulphonamido-1,3,4-thiadiazoles as human carbonic anhydrase-IX inhibitors: an insight into the structural requirement for the anticancer activity against HEK 293. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1929-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Büyükkıdan N, Büyükkıdan B, Bülbül M, Kasımoğulları R, Mert S. Synthesis, characterization and in vitro inhibition of metal complexes of pyrazole based sulfonamide on human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase isozymes I and II. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:208-213. [PMID: 28114829 PMCID: PMC6009907 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1247056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfonamides represent an important class of biologically active compounds. A sulfonamide possessing carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitory properties obtained from a pyrazole based sulfonamide, ethyl 1-(3-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-3-((5-sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (1), and its metal complexes with the Ni(II) for (2), Cu(II) for (3) and Zn(II) for (4) have been synthesized. The structures of metal complexes (2-4) were established on the basis of their elemental analysis, 1H NMR, IR, UV-Vis and MS spectral data. The inhibition of two human carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoenzymes I and II, with 1 and synthesized complexes (2-4) and acetazolamide (AAZ) as a control compound was investigated in vitro by using the hydratase and esterase assays. The complexes 2, 3 and 4 showed inhibition constant in the range 0.1460-0.3930 µM for hCA-I and 0.0740-0.0980 µM for hCA-II, and they had effective more inhibitory activity on hCA-I and hCA-II than corresponding free ligand 1 and than AAZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurgün Büyükkıdan
- a Department of Chemistry , Arts and Science Faculty, Dumlupinar University , Kutahya , Turkey
| | - Bülent Büyükkıdan
- a Department of Chemistry , Arts and Science Faculty, Dumlupinar University , Kutahya , Turkey
| | - Metin Bülbül
- a Department of Chemistry , Arts and Science Faculty, Dumlupinar University , Kutahya , Turkey
| | - Rahmi Kasımoğulları
- a Department of Chemistry , Arts and Science Faculty, Dumlupinar University , Kutahya , Turkey
| | - Samet Mert
- a Department of Chemistry , Arts and Science Faculty, Dumlupinar University , Kutahya , Turkey
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17
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Juozapaitienė V, Bartkutė B, Michailovienė V, Zakšauskas A, Baranauskienė L, Satkūnė S, Matulis D. Purification, enzymatic activity and inhibitor discovery for recombinant human carbonic anhydrase XIV. J Biotechnol 2016; 240:31-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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18
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Gokcen T, Gulcin I, Ozturk T, Goren AC. A class of sulfonamides as carbonic anhydrase I and II inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:180-188. [PMID: 27353698 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1198900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Four groups of novel sulfonamide derivatives: (i) acetoxybenzamide, (ii) triacetoxybenzamide, (iii) hydroxybenzamide and (iv) trihydroxybenzamide, all having thiazole, pyrimidine, pyridine, isoxazole and thiadiazole moieties were prepared and their inhibitory effects were studied on two metalloenzymes, i.e. carbonic anhydrase isozymes (hCA I and II), purified from human erythrocyte cells by Sepharose-4B-l-tyrosine-sulfanilamide affinity chromatography. These enzymes are present in almost all living organisms to catalyse the synthesis of bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) from carbon dioxide and water. The sulfonamide derivatives were found to be active against hCA I and II in the range of 2.62-136.54 and 5.74-210.58 nM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taner Gokcen
- a Chemistry Group Laboratories, TUBITAK UME , Gebze , Turkey.,b Department of Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Science, Istanbul Technical University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ilhami Gulcin
- c Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey , and.,d Fetal Programming of Diseases Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Turan Ozturk
- a Chemistry Group Laboratories, TUBITAK UME , Gebze , Turkey.,b Department of Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Science, Istanbul Technical University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ahmet C Goren
- a Chemistry Group Laboratories, TUBITAK UME , Gebze , Turkey
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19
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Adeva-Andany MM, Fernández-Fernández C, Sánchez-Bello R, Donapetry-García C, Martínez-Rodríguez J. The role of carbonic anhydrase in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification in humans. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241:183-91. [PMID: 26005791 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases are a group of isoenzymes that catalyze the reversible conversion of carbon dioxide into bicarbonate. They participate in a constellation of physiological processes in humans, including respiration, bone metabolism, and the formation of body fluids, including urine, bile, pancreatic juice, gastric secretion, saliva, aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, and sweat. In addition, carbonic anhydrase may provide carbon dioxide/bicarbonate to carboxylation reactions that incorporate carbon dioxide to substrates. Several isoforms of carbonic anhydrase have been identified in humans, but their precise physiological role and the consequences of their dysfunction are mostly unknown. Carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes are involved in calcification processes in a number of biological systems, including the formation of calcareous spicules from sponges, the formation of shell in some animals, and the precipitation of calcium salts induced by several microorganisms, particularly urease-producing bacteria. In human tissues, carbonic anhydrase is implicated in calcification processes either directly by facilitating calcium carbonate deposition which in turn serves to facilitate calcium phosphate mineralization, or indirectly via its action upon γ-glutamyl-carboxylase, a carboxylase that enables the biological activation of proteins involved in calcification, such as matrix Gla protein, bone Gla protein, and Gla-rich protein. Carbonic anhydrase is implicated in calcification of human tissues, including bone and soft-tissue calcification in rheumatological disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis and dermatomyositis. Carbonic anhydrase may be also involved in bile and kidney stone formation and carcinoma-associated microcalcifications. The aim of this review is to evaluate the possible association between carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes and vascular calcification in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- María M Adeva-Andany
- Nephrology Division, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain.
| | | | - Rocío Sánchez-Bello
- Nephrology Division, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
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20
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Ozensoy Guler O, Capasso C, Supuran CT. A magnificent enzyme superfamily: carbonic anhydrases, their purification and characterization. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:689-94. [PMID: 26118417 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1059333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we reviewed the purification and characterization methods of the α-carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) class. Six genetic families (α-, β-, γ-, δ-, ζ- and η-CAs) all know to date, all encoding such enzymes in organisms widely distributed over the phylogenetic tree. Starting from the manuscripts published in the 1930s on the isolation and purification of α-CAs from blood and other tissues, and ending with the recent discovery of the last genetic family in protozoa, the η-CAs, considered for long time an α-CA, we present historically the numerous and different procedures which were employed for obtaining these catalysts in pure form. α-CAs possess important application in medicine (as many human α-CA isoforms are drug targets) as well as biotechnological processes, in which the enzymes are ultimately used for CO2 capture in order to mitigate the global warming effects due to greenhouse gases. Recently, it was discovered an involvement of CAs in cancerogenesis as well as infection caused by pathogenic agents such as bacteria, fungi and protozoa. Inhibition studies of CAs identified in the genome of the aforementioned organisms might lead to the discovery of innovative drugs with a novel mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozen Ozensoy Guler
- a Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine , Yildirim Beyazit University, Bilkent Campus , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Clemente Capasso
- b CNR-Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy , Napoli , Italy , and
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- c Università degli Studi di Firenze, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Chemistry , Florence , Italy
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21
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Esbaugh AJ, Secor SM, Grosell M. Renal plasticity in response to feeding in the Burmese python, Python molurus bivittatus. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 188:120-6. [PMID: 26123779 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Burmese pythons are sit-and-wait predators that are well adapted to go long periods without food, yet subsequently consume and digest single meals that can exceed their body weight. These large feeding events result in a dramatic alkaline tide that is compensated by a hypoventilatory response that normalizes plasma pH; however, little is known regarding how plasma HCO3(-) is lowered in the days post-feeding. The current study demonstrated that Burmese pythons contain the cellular machinery for renal acid-base compensation and actively remodel the kidney to limit HCO3(-) reabsorption in the post-feeding period. After being fed a 25% body weight meal plasma total CO2 was elevated by 1.5-fold after 1 day, but returned to control concentrations by 4 days post-feeding (d pf). Gene expression analysis was used to verify the presence of carbonic anhydrase (CA) II, IV and XIII, Na(+) H(+) exchanger 3 (NHE3), the Na(+) HCO3(-) co-transporter (NBC) and V-type ATPase. CA IV expression was significantly down-regulated at 3 dpf versus fasted controls. This was supported by activity analysis that showed a significant decrease in the amount of GPI-linked CA activity in isolated kidney membranes at 3 dpf versus fasted controls. In addition, V-type ATPase activity was significantly up-regulated at 3 dpf; no change in gene expression was observed. Both CA II and NHE3 expression was up-regulated at 3 dpf, which may be related to post-prandial ion balance. These results suggest that Burmese pythons actively remodel their kidney after feeding, which would in part benefit renal HCO3(-) clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Esbaugh
- Department of Marine Science, University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78418, USA.
| | - S M Secor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35405, USA
| | - M Grosell
- Division of Marine Biology and Fisheries, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
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22
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Malaria parasite carbonic anhydrase: inhibition of aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides and its therapeutic potential. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 1:233-42. [PMID: 23569766 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) is responsible for the majority of life-threatening cases of human malaria, causing 1.5-2.7 million annual deaths. The global emergence of drug-resistant malaria parasites necessitates identification and characterization of novel drug targets and their potential inhibitors. We identified the carbonic anhydrase (CA) genes in P. falciparum. The pfCA gene encodes anα-carbonic anhydrase, a Zn(2+)-metalloenzme, possessing catalytic properties distinct from that of the human host CA enzyme. The amino acid sequence of the pfCA enzyme is different from the analogous protozoan and human enzymes. A library of aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides possessing a large diversity of scaffolds were found to be very good inhibitors for the malarial enzyme at moderate-low micromolar and submicromolar inhibitions. The structure of the groups substituting the aromatic-ureido- or aromatic-azomethine fragment of the molecule and the length of the parent sulfonamide were critical parameters for the inhibitory properties of the sulfonamides. One derivative, that is, 4- (3, 4-dichlorophenylureido)thioureido-benzenesulfonamide (compound 10) was the most effective in vitro Plasmodium falciparum CA inhibitor, and was also the most effective antimalarial compound on the in vitro P. falciparum growth inhibition. The compound 10 was also effective in vivo antimalarial agent in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei, an animal model of drug testing for human malaria infection. It is therefore concluded that the sulphonamide inhibitors targeting the parasite CA may have potential for the development of novel therapies against human malaria.
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N-Acylsulfonamides strongly inhibit human carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes I and II. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:2598-605. [PMID: 25863492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonamides represent a significant class of biologically active compounds that inhibit carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC.: 4.2.1.1) isoenzymes involved in different pathological and physiological events. Sulfonamide CA inhibitors are used therapeutically as diuretic, antiglaucoma, antiobesity and anticancer agents. A series of new sulfonamides were synthesized using imides and tosyl chloride as starting materials. These N-acylsulfonamides efficiently inhibited the cytosolic human carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes I, and II (hCA I, and II), with nanomolar range inhibition constants ranging between 36.4 ± 6.0-254.6 ± 18.0 and 58.3 ± 0.6-273.3 ± 2.5 nM, respectively.
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24
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Probing the surface of human carbonic anhydrase for clues towards the design of isoform specific inhibitors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:453543. [PMID: 25811028 PMCID: PMC4355338 DOI: 10.1155/2015/453543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The alpha carbonic anhydrases (α-CAs) are a group of structurally related zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of CO2 to HCO3−. Humans have 15 different α-CAs with numerous physiological roles and expression patterns. Of these, 12 are catalytically active, and abnormal expression and activities are linked with various diseases, including glaucoma and cancer. Hence there is a need for CA isoform specific inhibitors to avoid off-target CA inhibition, but due to the high amino acid conservation of the active site and surrounding regions between each enzyme, this has proven difficult. However, residues towards the exit of the active site are variable and can be exploited to design isoform selective inhibitors. Here we discuss and characterize this region of “selective drug targetability” and how these observations can be utilized to develop isoform selective CA inhibitors.
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25
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The structural comparison between membrane-associated human carbonic anhydrases provides insights into drug design of selective inhibitors. Biopolymers 2014; 101:769-78. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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26
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Syrjänen L, Luukkaala T, Leppilampi M, Kallioinen M, Pastorekova S, Pastorek J, Waheed A, Sly WS, Parkkila S, Karttunen T. Expression of cancer-related carbonic anhydrases IX and XII in normal skin and skin neoplasms. APMIS 2014; 122:880-9. [PMID: 24698175 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of the study was to evaluate the presence of hypoxia-inducible, tumour-associated carbonic anhydrases IX and XII in normal skin and a series of cutaneous tumours. Human tumour samples were taken during surgical operations performed on 245 patients and were immunohistochemically stained. A histological score value was calculated for statistical analyses which were performed using SPSS for Windows, versions 17.0 and 20.0. In normal skin, the highest expression of CA IX was detected in hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and basal parts of epidermis. CA XII was detected in all epithelial components of skin. Both CA IX and CA XII expression levels were significantly different in epidermal, appendigeal, and melanocytic tumour categories. Both CA IX and XII showed the most intense immunostaining in epidermal tumours, whereas virtually all melanocytic tumours were devoid of CA IX and XII immunostaining. In premalignant lesions, CA IX expression significantly increased when the tumours progressed to more severe dysplasia forms. Both CA IX and XII are highly expressed in different epithelial components of skin. They are also highly expressed in epidermal tumours, in which CA IX expression levels also correlate with the dysplasia grade. Interestingly, both isozymes are absent in melanocytic tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Syrjänen
- Institute of Biomedical Technology and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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27
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Nishita T, Yatsu J, Murakami M, Kamoshida S, Orito K, Ichihara N, Arishima K, Ochiai H. Isolation and sequencing of swine carbonic anhydrase VI, an enzyme expressed in the swine kidney. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:116. [PMID: 24576305 PMCID: PMC3975938 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carbonic anhydrase VI (CA-VI) is produced by the salivary gland and is secreted into the saliva. Although CA-VI is found in the epithelial cells of distal straight tubule of swine kidneys, the exact function of CA-VI in the kidneys remains unclear. Results CA-VI was located in the epithelial cells of distal straight tubule of swine kidneys. A full-length cDNA clone of CA-VI was generated from the swine parotid gland by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, using degenerate primers designed based on conserved regions of the same locus in human and bovine tissues. The cDNA sequence was 1348 base pairs long and was predicted to encode a 317 amino acid polypeptide with a putative signal peptide of 17 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of mature CA-VI was most similar (77.4%) to that of human CA-VI. CA-VI expression was confirmed in both normal and nephritic kidneys, as well as parotid. As the primers used in this study spanned two exons, the influence of genomic DNA was not detected. The expression of CA-VI was demonstrated in both normal and nephritic kidneys, and mRNA of CA-VI in the normal kidneys which was the normalised to an endogenous β–actin was 0.098 ± 0.047, while it was significantly lower in the diseased kidneys (0.012 ± 0.007). The level of CA-VI mRNA in normal kidneys was 19-fold lower than that of the parotid gland (1.887). Conclusions The localisation of CA-VI indicates that it may play a specialised role in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiho Nishita
- Laboratory of Physiology I, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan.
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Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. These enzymes are of ancient origin as they are found in the deepest of branches of the evolutionary tree. Of the five different classes of carbonic anhydrases, the alpha class has perhaps received the most attention because of its role in human pathology. This review focuses on the physiological function of this class of carbonic anhydrases organized by their cellular location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C Frost
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA,
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Chhajed M, Shrivastava AK, Taile V. Synthesis of 5-arylidine amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-[( N-substituted benzyol)]sulphonamides endowed with potent antioxidants and anticancer activity induces growth inhibition in HEK293, BT474 and NCI-H226 cells. Med Chem Res 2013; 23:3049-3064. [PMID: 24719548 PMCID: PMC3973950 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0890-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract A series of imines 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-[(N-substituted benzyol)]sulphonamide derivatives were synthesized from various aromatic aldehydes and substituted with benzoyl acetazolamides under different reaction conditions and were evaluated for their antioxidant and free radical scavenging, antimitotic activity by Allium cepa meristem root model and cytotoxicity activity against HEK 293 (human epidermal kidney cell line), BT474 (breast cancer cell line) and NCI-H226 (lung cancer cell line) by MTT assay. Some of the synthesized compounds showed moderately potent cytotoxicity compared to indisulam.
Graphical abstract A series of imines 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-[(N-substituted benzyol)]sulphonamide derivatives (9a–j); 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-[N-(substituted benzoyl)]sulphonamide (4a–g); 5-(4-acetamido phenyl sulphonamido)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-[N-(substituted benzoyl)]sulphonamide (6a–g); and 5-(4-amino phenyl sulphonamido)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-[N-(substituted benzoyl)]sulphonamide (7a–g) were synthesized from acetazolamide and were investigated for the in vitro anticancer by MTT assay, free radical scavenging and antimitotic activity by Allium cepa root meristem model. Experimental observations indicate that synthesized compounds were moderately potent anticancer agents. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahavir Chhajed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Jagat Pura, Jaipur, India
| | | | - Vijay Taile
- Department of Chemistry, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
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Sharifizadeh A, Saboury AA, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Salami M, Yousefi R. A new aspect to chaperone-like activity of bovine β-casein by protein–protein interactions study. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 51:901-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Brown BF, Quon A, Dyck JRB, Casey JR. Carbonic anhydrase II promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:1599-610. [PMID: 23210439 DOI: 10.1139/y2012-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy, the maladaptive remodelling of the myocardium, often progresses to heart failure. The sodium-proton exchanger (NHE1) and chloride-bicarbonate exchanger (AE3) have been implicated as important in the hypertrophic cascade. Carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) provides substrates for these transporters (protons and bicarbonate, respectively). CAII physically interacts with NHE1 and AE3, enhancing their respective ion transport activities by increasing the concentration of substrate at their transport sites. Earlier studies found that a broad-spectrum carbonic anhydrase inhibitor prevented cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (CH), suggesting that carbonic anhydrase is important in the development of hypertrophy. Here we investigated whether cytosolic CAII was the CA isoform involved in hypertrophy. Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) were transduced with recombinant adenoviral constructs to over-express wild-type or catalytically inactive CAII (CAII-V143Y). Over-expression of wild-type CAII in NRVMs did not affect CH development. In contrast, CAII-V143Y over-expression suppressed the response to hypertrophic stimuli, suggesting that CAII-V143Y behaves in a dominant negative fashion over endogenous CAII to suppress hypertrophy. We also examined CAII-deficient (Car2) mice, whose hearts exhibit physiological hypertrophy without any decrease in cardiac function. Moreover, cardiomyocytes from Car2 mice do not respond to prohypertrophic stimulation. Together, these findings support a role of CAII in promoting CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany F Brown
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, School of Translational Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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32
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Nishita T, Tomita Y, Yorifuji D, Orito K, Ochiai H, Arishima K. Purification of chicken carbonic anhydrase isozyme-III (CA-III) and its measurement in White Leghorn chickens. Acta Vet Scand 2011; 53:63. [PMID: 22118568 PMCID: PMC3247080 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-53-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The developmental profile of chicken carbonic anhydrase-III (CA-III) blood levels has not been previously determined or reported. We isolated CA-III from chicken muscle and investigated age-related changes in the levels of CA-III in blood. Methods CA-III was purified from chicken muscle. The levels of CA-III in plasma and erythrocytes from 278 female chickens (aged 1-93 weeks) and 68 male chickens (aged 3-59 weeks) were determined by ELISA. Results The mean level of CA-III in female chicken erythrocytes (1 week old) was 4.6 μg/g of Hb, and the CA-III level did not change until 16 weeks of age. The level then increased until 63 weeks of age (11.8 μg/g of Hb), decreased to 4.7 μg/g of Hb at 73 weeks of age, and increased again until 93 weeks of age (8.6 μg/g of Hb). The mean level of CA-III in erythrocytes from male chickens (3 weeks old) was 2.4 μg/g of Hb, and this level remained steady until 59 weeks of age. The mean plasma level of CA-III in 1-week-old female chickens was 60 ng/mL, and this level was increased at 3 weeks of age (141 ng/mL) and then remained steady until 80 weeks of age (122 ng/mL). The mean plasma level of CA-III in 3-week-old male chickens was 58 ng/mL, and this level remained steady until 59 weeks of age. Conclusion We observed both developmental changes and sex differences in CA-III concentrations in White Leghorn (WL) chicken erythrocytes and plasma. Simple linear regression analysis showed a significant association between the erythrocyte CA-III level and egg-laying rate in WL-chickens 16-63 weeks of age (p < 0.01).
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NISHITA T, ITOH S, ARAI S, ICHIHARA N, ARISHIMA K. Measurement of carbonic anhydrase isozyme VI (CA-VI) in swine sera, colostrums, saliva, bile, seminal plasma and tissues. Anim Sci J 2011; 82:673-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2011.00888.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gilmour KM. Perspectives on carbonic anhydrase. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2010; 157:193-7. [PMID: 20541618 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.06.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the years since Larimer and Schmidt-Nielsen published their examination of red blood cell (RBC) carbonic anhydrase (CA) activities as a function of body mass in mammals, our knowledge of CA has expanded dramatically. We are now aware of the diversity of CA isoforms and their implication in a wide array of physiological processes. The catalytic mechanism of CA has been described, and numerous compounds that function as activators or inhibitors of CA activity have been identified. CA is investigated as a diagnostic tumor marker, and CA inhibitors are used or emerging as clinical treatments for diseases as diverse as glaucoma, cancer and obesity. Yet despite the intensity of research effort over the last 50years and the wealth of information that has accumulated, the questions asked by Larimer and Schmidt-Nielsen remain relevant today - we still have much to learn about the patterns and physiological significance of interspecific differences in CA expression and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Gilmour
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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35
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Lee SW, Park SB, Jeong SK, Lim KS, Lee SH, Trachtenberg MC. On carbon dioxide storage based on biomineralization strategies. Micron 2010; 41:273-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2009.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Brzozowski Z, Sławiński J, Saczewski F, Innocenti A, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Synthesis and inhibition of the human cytosolic isozymes I and II and transmembrane isozymes IX, XII (cancer-associated) and XIV with 4-substituted 3-pyridinesulfonamides. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:2396-404. [PMID: 20202722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zdzisław Brzozowski
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
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SUGIURA Y, OISHI M, AMASAKI T, SOETA S, ICHIHARA N, NISHITA T, MURAKAMI M, AMASAKI H, ASARI M. Immunohistochemical localization and gene expression of carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes CA-II and CA-VI in canine lower airways and lung. J Vet Med Sci 2010; 71:1525-8. [PMID: 19959906 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.001525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunohistolocalization and gene expression of carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoenzymes CA-II and CA-VI in the canine lower airways and lung were examined using specific canine CA-II and CA-VI antisera and the RT-PCR method. Laryngeal, tracheal and bronchial epithelia, serous acinar and bronchiolar secretory cells and pulmonary great alveolar cells showed immunopositive reactions to anti-CA-II and anti-CA-VI antisera. However, all mucous cells showed immunonegative reactions. The physiological roles of CA-II and CA-VI in the lower airways and lung may involve the maintenance of pH balance and the protection of mucosal surfaces against the acidic milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke SUGIURA
- Department of Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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CP-MLR directed QSAR study of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: sulfonamide and sulfamate inhibitors. OPEN CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-009-0073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe inhibition activities of sulfonamide and sulfamate derivatives for human carbonic anhydrases have been quantitatively analyzed using DRAGON descriptors. QSAR models have been obtained through combinatorial protocol-multiple linear regression (CP-MLR) computational procedure. For the hCA I inhibition activity, a higher value of information content index of the 1-order neighborhood symmetry (IC1) and a lower value of the Moran autocorrelations, MATS2v and MATS1p, along with a lower number of sulfur atoms in a molecular structure (nRSR) is beneficial to the activity. A higher number of 5-membered rings (nR05), a bigger distance between nitrogen and sulfur T(N..S), and a higher value of van der Waals volume weighted descriptor (GATS6v), are helpful to improve the hCA II inhibition activity. For the inhibition of hpCA, a lower value of the descriptors Jhetv and PW5, and higher values of the eigenvalue sum from Z weighted distance matrix, SEigZ, the Moran autocorrelation of lag 8 weighted by atomic van der Waals volumes, MATS8v and the Moran autocorrelation of lag 4 weighted by atomic Sanderson electronegativities, MATS4e are favorable. The derived significant models in such descriptors may further be used to synthesize new potential compounds and to decipher the mode of their actions at molecular level.
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Ochiai H, Kanemaki N, Kamoshida S, Murakami M, Ichihara N, Asari M, Nishita T. Determination of full-length cDNA nucleotide sequence of equine carbonic anhydrase VI and its expression in various tissues. J Vet Med Sci 2009; 71:1233-7. [PMID: 19801906 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.71.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A full-length cDNA clone of an equine carbonic anhydrase (CA)-VI was obtained from the equine parotid gland. The cDNA sequence was 1338 bp long and was predicted to encode a 319 amino acid polypeptide with a putative signal peptide of 18 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of mature CA-VI showed the similarity of 70% to those of other mammalians reported. Westernblot analysis using anti-horse CA-VI peptide detected the single band in parotid gland, and the band reduced its size by treatment with N-glycosidase F. Additionally, CA-VI protein expression was confirmed in submandicular gland and weakly in liver. In contrast, RT-PCR analysis revealed signals in the digestive tract including duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and colon as well as the salivary glands. In addition, certain signals were detected in testis, thyroid gland and liver, but not in nerve tissue, skeletal muscle, spleen or lymph node.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideharu Ochiai
- Research Institute of Biosciences, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Sugiura Y, Soeta S, Ichihara N, Nishita T, Murakami M, Amasaki H, Amasaki T, Asari M. Immunohistolocalization and gene expression of the carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes (CA-II and CA-VI) in glands associated with the canine lacrimal apparatus. Anat Histol Embryol 2009; 39:1-6. [PMID: 19874279 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2009.00966.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cytosolic and secretory carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes (CA-II and CA-VI, respectively) were detected by immunohistolocalization using specific canine CA-II and CA-VI antisera. CA-II and CA-VI were identified in glands associated with the canine lacrimal apparatus, such as lacrimal gland, superficial gland of the third eyelid (third eyelid gland) and tarsal gland. CA-II and CA-VI mRNA signals were also detected by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in the same tissues. Some serous acinar cells and duct segments in the lacrimal gland and serous acinar cells in the third eyelid gland were immunopositive for anti-CA-II and CA-VI antisera. In particular, some immunopositive acini to CA-II and CA-VI on the edge of the third eyelid gland are histologically similar to sebaceous gland cells. Sebaceous gland cells in the tarsal and ciliary glands also showed immunopositivity to both CA antisera. CA-II and CA-VI gene transcripts were detected in the same regions. These results suggest that secreted CA-VI may form together with cytosolic CA-II, a high-activity isozyme mostly considered as a bicarbonate producer, in a mutually complementary system for the maintenance of bicarbonate levels to regulate pH in tear fluid and protect the corneal epithelia against injuries. In sebaceous gland cells in the lacrimal apparatus, CA-VI may be related to lipogenesis in an unknown function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sugiura
- Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Abstract
SUMMARY
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is the zinc metalloenzyme that catalyses the reversible reactions of CO2 with water. CA plays a crucial role in systemic acid–base regulation in fish by providing acid–base equivalents for exchange with the environment. Unlike air-breathing vertebrates, which frequently utilize alterations of breathing (respiratory compensation) to regulate acid–base status, acid–base balance in fish relies almost entirely upon the direct exchange of acid–base equivalents with the environment (metabolic compensation). The gill is the critical site of metabolic compensation, with the kidney playing a supporting role. At the gill, cytosolic CA catalyses the hydration of CO2 to H+ and HCO3– for export to the water. In the kidney, cytosolic and membrane-bound CA isoforms have been implicated in HCO3– reabsorption and urine acidification. In this review, the CA isoforms that have been identified to date in fish will be discussed together with their tissue localizations and roles in systemic acid–base regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Gilmour
- Department of Biology and Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - S. F. Perry
- Department of Biology and Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Bio-sequestration of carbon dioxide using carbonic anhydrase enzyme purified from Citrobacter freundii. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-009-9975-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Cloning, polymorphism, and inhibition of beta-carbonic anhydrase of Helicobacter pylori. J Gastroenterol 2009; 43:849-57. [PMID: 19012038 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-008-2240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbonic anhydrase (CA) catalyzes the reversible hydration of CO(2) to bicarbonate and a proton, and alpha-class CA has been reported to facilitate the acid acclimation of Helicobacter pylori (hpalphaCA). The purpose of this study was to characterize the beta-class CA of H. pylori (hpbetaCA) and elucidate the role of this enzyme as a possible drug target for eradication therapy. METHODS We isolated DNA clones of independent H. pylori strains obtained from patients with gastritis (n = 15), gastric ulcer (n = 6), or gastric cancer (n = 16), and then studied genetic polymorphisms. In addition, the susceptibility of H. pylori to sulpiride, an antiulcer drug and efficient inhibitor of both hpalphaCA and hpbetaCA, was studied with an in vitro killing assay. RESULTS DNA sequences of all 37 hpbetaCA clones encoded a 221 amino acid polypeptide with a variety of polymorphisms (57 types of amino acid substitution at 48 residue positions). There was no polymorphism functionally relevant to the gastric lesion type. One strain included unique residues that were not seen in the other 36 clones from Japanese patients but which were found in a strain obtained from the United Kingdom. Sulpiride had killing effects at concentrations greater than 200 microg/ml for H. pylori, including strains resistant to clarithromycin, metronidazole, or ampicillin. CONCLUSIONS Helicobacter pylori might have evolved independently in the Caucasian and Japanese populations. Dual inhibition of alpha-and beta-class CAs could be applied as alternative therapy for eradication of H. pylori.
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Sugiura Y, Ichihara N, Nishita T, Murakami M, Amasaki H, Asari M. Immunohistolocalization and gene expression of secretory carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme CA-VI in canine nasal cavity. J Vet Med Sci 2009; 70:1037-41. [PMID: 18981658 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.70.1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunolocalization of the secretory form of carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme, CA-VI were studied using a specific canine CA-VI antiserum, and CA-VI mRNA signals were also investigated using the reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in canine nasal mucosal epithelia and glands. Immunoreactivity to CA-VI was positive throughout the mucosal epithelial cells and in the cytoplasm of serous acinar and ductal epithelial cells of the nasal mucosa and glands, including the vestibule of the nose, but the mucous acinar cells of the glands were immunonegative. We detected CA-VI gene transcripts in the same regions as the CA-VI immunoreactivity. The physiological roles of CA-VI in the nasal mucosal epithelium and glands might maintain bicarbonate levels in nasal secretions and protect the mucosa against acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Sugiura
- Department of Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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45
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Hilvo M, Salzano AM, Innocenti A, Kulomaa MS, Scozzafava A, Scaloni A, Parkkila S, Supuran CT. Cloning, Expression, Post-Translational Modifications and Inhibition Studies on the Latest Mammalian Carbonic Anhydrase Isoform, CA XV. J Med Chem 2008; 52:646-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jm801267c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mika Hilvo
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy, Bioinorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Florence, Room 188, via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy, and School of Medicine, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anna Maria Salzano
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy, Bioinorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Florence, Room 188, via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy, and School of Medicine, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Alessio Innocenti
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy, Bioinorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Florence, Room 188, via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy, and School of Medicine, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markku S. Kulomaa
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy, Bioinorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Florence, Room 188, via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy, and School of Medicine, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Andrea Scozzafava
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy, Bioinorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Florence, Room 188, via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy, and School of Medicine, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy, Bioinorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Florence, Room 188, via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy, and School of Medicine, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy, Bioinorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Florence, Room 188, via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy, and School of Medicine, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy, Bioinorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Florence, Room 188, via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy, and School of Medicine, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland
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46
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Hilvo M, Baranauskiene L, Salzano AM, Scaloni A, Matulis D, Innocenti A, Scozzafava A, Monti SM, Di Fiore A, De Simone G, Lindfors M, Jänis J, Valjakka J, Pastoreková S, Pastorek J, Kulomaa MS, Nordlund HR, Supuran CT, Parkkila S. Biochemical characterization of CA IX, one of the most active carbonic anhydrase isozymes. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:27799-27809. [PMID: 18703501 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m800938200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is an exceptional member of the CA protein family; in addition to its classical role in pH regulation, it has also been proposed to participate in cell proliferation, cell adhesion, and tumorigenic processes. To characterize the biochemical properties of this membrane protein, two soluble recombinant forms were produced using the baculovirus-insect cell expression system. The recombinant proteins consisted of either the CA IX catalytic domain only (CA form) or the extracellular domain, which included both the proteoglycan and catalytic domains (PG + CA form). The produced proteins lacked the small transmembrane and intracytoplasmic regions of CA IX. Stopped-flow spectrophotometry experiments on both proteins demonstrated that in the excess of certain metal ions the PG + CA form exhibited the highest catalytic activity ever measured for any CA isozyme. Investigations on the oligomerization and stability of the enzymes revealed that both recombinant proteins form dimers that are stabilized by intermolecular disulfide bond(s). Mass spectrometry experiments showed that CA IX contains an intramolecular disulfide bridge (Cys(119)-Cys(299)) and a unique N-linked glycosylation site (Asn(309)) that bears high mannose-type glycan structures. Parallel experiments on a recombinant protein obtained by a mammalian cell expression system demonstrated the occurrence of an additional O-linked glycosylation site (Thr(78)) and characterized the nature of the oligosaccharide structures. This study provides novel information on the biochemical properties of CA IX and may help characterize the various cellular and pathophysiological processes in which this unique enzyme is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Hilvo
- Institute of Medical Technology, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Lina Baranauskiene
- Laboratory of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, LT-02241 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Anna Maria Salzano
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Laboratory of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, LT-02241 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alessio Innocenti
- Bioinorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Andrea Scozzafava
- Bioinorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Simona Maria Monti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages, National Research Council, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Di Fiore
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages, National Research Council, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina De Simone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages, National Research Council, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Janne Jänis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Joensuu, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | | | - Silvia Pastoreková
- Centre of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jaromir Pastorek
- Centre of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | | | | | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Bioinorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Institute of Medical Technology, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland; School of Medicine, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
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47
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Ichihara N, Tsukamoto A, Kasuya T, Shibata S, Nishita T, Murakami M, Amasaki H, Asari M. Gene expression of secretory carbonic anhydrase isozymes in striated ducts of canine salivary glands using laser microdissection system. Anat Histol Embryol 2007; 36:357-60. [PMID: 17845225 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2007.00774.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To clarify whether striated duct cells in canine salivary glands synthesize secretory carbonic anhydrase (CA-VI), as is the case with serous acinar cells, the present study utilized laser microdissection to harvest striated duct cells from canine parotid and submandibular glands, and total RNA extracted from these cells was then amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to assess CA-VI gene expression. The results confirmed the local expression of CA-VI mRNA in striated duct cells. This clarified that, in canine salivary glands, CA-VI is synthesized in not only serous acinar cells, but also striated duct cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ichihara
- Laboratory of Anatomy I, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, Fuchinobe 1-17-71, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8501, Japan.
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48
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Nishimori I, Minakuchi T, Kohsaki T, Onishi S, Takeuchi H, Vullo D, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: the beta-carbonic anhydrase from Helicobacter pylori is a new target for sulfonamide and sulfamate inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:3585-94. [PMID: 17482815 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2007] [Revised: 04/12/2007] [Accepted: 04/18/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA clones for the beta-class carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) of Helicobactor pylori (hpbetaCA) were obtained. A recombinant hpbetaCA protein lacking the N-terminal 15-amino acid residues was produced and purified, representing a catalytically efficient CA. hpbetaCA was strongly inhibited (K(I)s in the range of 24-45 nM) by many sulfonamides/sulfamates, among which acetazolamide, ethoxzolamide, topiramate, and sulpiride, all clinically used drugs. The dual inhibition of alpha- and/or beta-class CAs of H. pylori might represent a useful alternative for the management of gastritis/gastric ulcers, as well as gastric cancer. This is also the first study showing that a bacterial beta-CA can be a drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Nishimori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
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49
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Wetzel P, Scheibe RJ, Hellmann B, Hallerdei J, Shah GN, Waheed A, Gros G, Sly WS. Carbonic anhydrase XIV in skeletal muscle: subcellular localization and function from wild-type and knockout mice. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007; 293:C358-66. [PMID: 17459948 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00057.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The expression of carbonic anhydrase (CA) XIV was investigated in mouse skeletal muscles. Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and sarcolemmal (SL) membrane fractions were isolated from wild-type (WT) and CA XIV knockout (KO) mice. The CA XIV protein of 54 kDa was present in SR and SL membrane fractions as shown by Western blot analysis. CA activity measurements of WT and KO membrane fractions showed that CA XIV accounts for approximately 50% and 66% of the total CA activities determined in the SR and SL fractions, respectively. This indicates the presence of at least one other membrane-associated CA isoform in these membranes, e.g., CA IV, CA IX, or CA XII. Muscle fibers of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle were immunostained with anti-CA XIV/FITC and anti-sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase 1/TRITC, with anti-CA XIV/FITC and anti-ryanodine receptor/TRITC, or with anti-CA XIV/FITC and anti-monocarboxylate transporter-4/TRITC. CA XIV was expressed in the plasma membrane and in the longitudinal SR but not in the terminal SR. Isometric contraction measurements of single twitches and tetani and a fatigue protocol applied to fiber bundles of the fast-twitch EDL and of the slow-twitch soleus muscle from WT and KO mice showed that the lack of SR membrane-associated CA XIV did not affect maximum force, rise and relaxation times, and fatigue behavior. Thus, it is concluded that a reduction of the total SR CA activity by approximately 50% in CA XIV KO mice does not lead to an impairment of SR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Wetzel
- Zentrum Physiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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50
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Riihonen R, Supuran CT, Parkkila S, Pastorekova S, Väänänen HK, Laitala-Leinonen T. Membrane-bound carbonic anhydrases in osteoclasts. Bone 2007; 40:1021-31. [PMID: 17291844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2006.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2006] [Revised: 11/15/2006] [Accepted: 11/16/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinucleated bone-resorbing cells that use multiple pH regulation mechanisms to create an acidic pH in the resorption lacuna. Carbonic anhydrase II and vacuolar H(+)-ATPases produce and transport protons, while chloride channels provide a Cl(-) flux into the resorption site. These activities are required for inorganic matrix dissolution that precedes enzymatic removal of organic bone matrix. In other cell types it has become evident that carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes interact with AE proteins to form transport metabolons that regulate intracellular pH. Membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes may also compensate for the lack of cytoplasmic carbonic anhydrase II. Therefore, our goal was to explore the expression of membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoenzymes CA IV, CA IX, CA XII and CA XIV in bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy showed expression of CA IV, CA XII and CA XIV in cultured rat and human osteoclasts. To confirm these results, RT-PCR was used. Immunohistochemistry revealed distinct staining patterns for CA IV, CA XII and CA XIV in rat trabecular bone specimens. A plasma membrane staining was observed in bone lining cells with the CA XII antibody while osteoclast plasma membranes were stained with CA IV and CA XIV antibodies. Confocal microscopy of cultured human osteoclasts showed a punctated intracellular CA IV staining and a perinuclear CA XIV staining while no CA IX or CA XII staining was observed. To evaluate the physiological role of membrane-bound CAs in osteoclasts, we used PCS, a novel membrane-impermeable CA inhibitor. Increased osteoclast number and bone resorption activity was observed in rat osteoclast cultures exposed to a low concentration of PCS while higher concentrations affected cell survival. PCS treatment also disturbed intracellular acidification in osteoclasts, as determined by live cell microscopy. In conclusion, our data shows that membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes CA IV and CA XIV are expressed both at mRNA and protein levels in osteoclasts in vivo and in vitro. In addition, the inhibitor experiments provide novel evidence to support the hypothesis that intracellular pH regulation in osteoclasts may indeed involve transport metabolons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Riihonen
- Bone Biology Research Consortium, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
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