1
|
Solidoro R, Centonze A, Miciaccia M, Baldelli OM, Armenise D, Ferorelli S, Perrone MG, Scilimati A. Fluorescent imaging probes for in vivo ovarian cancer targeted detection and surgery. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1800-1866. [PMID: 38367227 DOI: 10.1002/med.22027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer, with a survival rate of approximately 40% at five years from the diagno. The first-line treatment consists of cytoreductive surgery combined with chemotherapy (platinum- and taxane-based drugs). To date, the main prognostic factor is related to the complete surgical resection of tumor lesions, including occult micrometastases. The presence of minimal residual diseases not detected by visual inspection and palpation during surgery significantly increases the risk of disease relapse. Intraoperative fluorescence imaging systems have the potential to improve surgical outcomes. Fluorescent tracers administered to the patient may support surgeons for better real-time visualization of tumor lesions during cytoreductive procedures. In the last decade, consistent with the discovery of an increasing number of ovarian cancer-specific targets, a wide range of fluorescent agents were identified to be employed for intraoperatively detecting ovarian cancer. Here, we present a collection of fluorescent probes designed and developed for fluorescence-guided ovarian cancer surgery. Original articles published between 2011 and November 2022 focusing on fluorescent probes, currently under preclinical and clinical investigation, were searched in PubMed. The keywords used were targeted detection, ovarian cancer, fluorescent probe, near-infrared fluorescence, fluorescence-guided surgery, and intraoperative imaging. All identified papers were English-language full-text papers, and probes were classified based on the location of the biological target: intracellular, membrane, and extracellular.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Solidoro
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Centonze
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Morena Miciaccia
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Olga Maria Baldelli
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Armenise
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Savina Ferorelli
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Scilimati
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiang S, Sun HF, Li S, Zhang N, Chen JS, Liu JX. SPARC: a potential target for functional nanomaterials and drugs. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1235428. [PMID: 37577749 PMCID: PMC10419254 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1235428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), also termed osteonectin or BM-40, is a matricellular protein which regulates cell adhesion, extracellular matrix production, growth factor activity, and cell cycle. Although SPARC does not perform a structural function, it, however, modulates interactions between cells and the surrounding extracellular matrix due to its anti-proliferative and anti-adhesion properties. The overexpression of SPARC at sites, including injury, regeneration, obesity, cancer, and inflammation, reveals its application as a prospective target and therapeutic indicator in the treatment and assessment of disease. This article comprehensively summarizes the mechanism of SPARC overexpression in inflammation and tumors as well as the latest research progress of functional nanomaterials in the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis and tumors by manipulating SPARC as a new target. This article provides ideas for using functional nanomaterials to treat inflammatory diseases through the SPARC target. The purpose of this article is to provide a reference for ongoing disease research based on SPARC-targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation and Healthcare, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Hui-Feng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation and Healthcare, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
- College Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation and Healthcare, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Ji-Song Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation and Healthcare, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation and Healthcare, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dang X, Fang L, Zhang Q, Liu B, Cheng JC, Sun YP. AREG upregulates secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine expression in human granulosa cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 561:111826. [PMID: 36462647 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a secreted glycoprotein and the expression of ovarian SPARC peaks during ovulation and luteinization. Besides, SPARC expression was induced by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in rat granulosa cells. Amphiregulin (AREG) is the most abundant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligand expressed in human granulosa cells and follicular fluid. AREG mediates the physiological functions of luteinizing hormone (LH)/hCG in the ovary. However, to date, the biological function of SPARC in the human ovary remains undetermined, and whether AREG regulates SPARC expression in human granulosa cells is unknown. In this study, we show that AREG upregulated SPARC expression via EGFR in a human granulosa-like tumor cell line, KGN. Treatment of AREG activated ERK1/2, JNK, p38 MAPK, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways and all of them were required for the AREG-induced SPARC expression. Using RNA-sequencing, we identified that steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) was a downstream target gene of SPARC. In addition, we demonstrated that SPARC mRNA levels were positively correlated with the levels of StAR mRNA in the primary culture of human granulosa cells. Moreover, SPARC protein levels were positively correlated with progesterone levels in follicular fluid of in vitro fertilization patients. This study provides the regulatory role of AREG on the expression of SPARC and reveals the novel function of SPARC in progesterone production in granulosa cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Dang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lanlan Fang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Boqun Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jung-Chien Cheng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ying-Pu Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yoshida S, Asanoma K, Yagi H, Onoyama I, Hori E, Matsumura Y, Okugawa K, Yahata H, Kato K. Fibronectin mediates activation of stromal fibroblasts by SPARC in endometrial cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:156. [PMID: 33579227 PMCID: PMC7881467 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07875-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Matricellular glycoprotein, SPARC is a secreted molecule, that mediates the interaction between cells and extracellular matrix. SPARC functions as a regulator of matrix organization and modulates cell behavior. In various kinds of cancer, strong SPARC expression was observed in stromal tissues as well as in cancer epithelial cells. The function of SPARC in cancer cells is somewhat controversial and its impact on peritumoral stromal cells remains to be resolved. Methods We investigated the effects of SPARC expression in endometrial cancer cells on the surrounding stromal fibroblasts using in vitro co-culture system. Changes in characteristics of fibroblasts were examined by analysis of fibroblast-specific markers and in vitro contraction assay. Results SPARC induced AKT phosphorylation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, consistent with previous reports. Cancer-associated fibroblasts of endometrial cancer expressed higher levels of mesenchymal- and fibroblast-associated factors and had a stronger contraction ability. Unexpectedly, cancer-associated fibroblasts expressed comparable levels of SPARC compared with fibroblasts from normal endometrium. However, co-culture of normal fibroblasts with SPARC-expressing Ishikawa cells resulted in activation of the fibroblasts. Immunodepletion of SPARC did not affect the activation of fibroblasts. Conclusions Our data indicated that SPARC activated fibroblasts only in the presence of fibronectin, which was abundantly secreted from SPARC-expressing endometrial cancer cells. These results suggested that a SPARC-fibronectin-mediated activation of fibroblasts might be involved in enhanced mobility and invasion of cancer cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-07875-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuo Asanoma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Yagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ichiro Onoyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Emiko Hori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yumiko Matsumura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kaoru Okugawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yahata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dasari S, Pandhiri T, Grassi T, Visscher DW, Multinu F, Agarwal K, Mariani A, Shridhar V, Mitra AK. Signals from the Metastatic Niche Regulate Early and Advanced Ovarian Cancer Metastasis through miR-4454 Downregulation. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:1202-1217. [PMID: 32350057 PMCID: PMC10788085 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of ovarian cancer is limited by extensive metastasis and yet it remains poorly understood. We have studied the critical step of metastatic colonization in the context of the productive interactions with the metastatic microenvironment with a goal of identifying key regulators. By combining miRNA expression analysis using an organotypic 3D culture model of early ovarian cancer metastasis with that of matched primary and metastatic tumors from 42 patients with ovarian cancer, we identified miR-4454 as a key regulator of both early colonization and advanced metastasis in patients with ovarian cancer. miR-4454 was downregulated in the metastasizing ovarian cancer cells through paracrine signals from microenvironmental fibroblasts, which promoted migration, invasion, proliferation, and clonogenic growth in ovarian cancer cells as well as their ability to penetrate through the outer layers of the omentum. Stable overexpression of miR-4454 decreased metastasis in ovarian cancer xenografts. Its mechanism of action was through the upregulation of its targets, secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich (SPARC) and BCL2 associated athanogene 5 (BAG5), which activated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling, promoted mutant p53 gain of function by its stabilization, and inhibited apoptosis. Because microenvironment-induced downregulation of miR-4454 is essential for early and advanced metastasis, targeting it could be a promising therapeutic approach. IMPLICATIONS: This study identifies a miRNA, miR-4454, which is downregulated by signals from the microenvironment and promotes early and advanced ovarian cancer metastasis through its effects on FAK activation, mutant p53 stabilization, and apoptosis inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subramanyam Dasari
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Taruni Pandhiri
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Tommaso Grassi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Daniel W Visscher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Francesco Multinu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Komal Agarwal
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Vincent Dunn Hospital, Bedford, Indiana
| | - Andrea Mariani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Viji Shridhar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Anirban K Mitra
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana.
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu Y, Dong Y, Zhu H, Jing W, Guo H, Yu J. Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel in elder patients with advanced squamous non-small-cell lung cancer: A retrospective study. Cancer Med 2019; 9:1365-1373. [PMID: 31876976 PMCID: PMC7013054 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the effect of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-PTX) chemotherapy regimens in elderly patients (≥70 years old) with advanced squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS The clinical records of elderly patients aged ≥70 years with advanced squamous NSCLC were reviewed retrospectively. All of these patients received nab-PTX, with or without combination of chemotherapy in Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute between 1 July 2012 and 30 June 2017. We analyzed the toxicity profiles, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and disease control rate (DCR). RESULTS Totally, 52 elderly patients with squamous NSCLC were included in the analysis. For all patients, the ORR was 34.6%, the DCR was 80.8%, median PFS was 5.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.0-7.8 months), and median OS was 14.3 months (95% CI: 11.0-17.8 months). Combination with chemotherapy significantly prolonged OS (19.3 vs 11.2 months, P = .016), despite a nonsignificant improvement in PFS (7.1 vs 4.2 months, P = .060) vs monotherapy. For patients who received nab-PTX as first-line treatment, the median PFS and OS were 6.7 months and 17.2 months, respectively, and the median OS in combination therapy subgroup was significantly higher than that in monotherapy group (20.3 vs 11.2 months, P = .013). Meanwhile, the median PFS and OS of patients with nab-PTX as second- or later-line treatment were 4.4 months and 13.3 months, respectively, but no survival benefit was achieved by the combination chemotherapy when compared with single-agent chemotherapy. Hematologic toxicities were the most common adverse events (AEs), which include grade 3 or 4 neutropenia (13.7%), thrombocytopenia (4.1%), and anemia (6.8%). The main nonhematologic toxicities were peripheral sensory neuropathy (39.7%), followed by anorexia and nausea/vomiting. CONCLUSION In elderly advanced squamous NSCLC patients, the treatment of nab-PTX was effective and well tolerated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yinping Dong
- Department of Gastric Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wang Jing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hongbo Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
de Alcantara Filho PR, Mangone FR, Pavanelli AC, de Bessa Garcia SA, Nonogaki S, de Toledo Osório CAB, de Andrade VP, Nagai MA. Gene expression profiling of triple-negative breast tumors with different expression of secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich (SPARC). BREAST CANCER MANAGEMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.2217/bmt-2017-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To determine the expression signature of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with differences of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine expression and clinical behavior. Patients, materials & methods: cDNA microarray analysis was performed to determine the expression profiling of TNBC, characterized regarding secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine expression status. Immunohistochemistry analysis on tissue microarrays containing an independent cohort of TNBC was performed for validation. Results: Negative staining of SOHLH2 and positive staining of DNAJC12 and LIM1 was correlated with a poor outcome of the patients. Conclusion: Our findings provide new information on transcriptome changes associated with the clinical behavior of TNBC that may serve as a potential tool for the identification and characterization of new candidate biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R de Alcantara Filho
- Discipline of Oncology, Department of Radiology & Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 01246–903, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo (ICESP), 01246–000, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Breast Surgery, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, 01509-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavia R Mangone
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo (ICESP), 01246–000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C Pavanelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo (ICESP), 01246–000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone A de Bessa Garcia
- Discipline of Oncology, Department of Radiology & Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 01246–903, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo (ICESP), 01246–000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suely Nonogaki
- Department of Pathology, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, 01509-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Victor P de Andrade
- Department of Pathology, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, 01509-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria A Nagai
- Discipline of Oncology, Department of Radiology & Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 01246–903, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo (ICESP), 01246–000, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chioran A, Duncan S, Catalano A, Brown TJ, Ringuette MJ. Collagen IV trafficking: The inside-out and beyond story. Dev Biol 2017; 431:124-133. [PMID: 28982537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Collagen IV networks endow basement membranes (BMs) with remarkable tensile strength and function as morphoregulatory substrata for diverse tissue-specific developmental events. A complex repertoire of intracellular and extracellular molecular interactions are required for collagen IV secretion and supramolecular assembly into BMs. These include intracellular chaperones such as Heat shock protein 47 (Hsp47) and the chaperone-binding trafficking protein Transport and Golgi organization protein 1 (Tango1). Mutations in these proteins lead to compromised collagen IV protomer stability and secretion, leading to defective BM assembly and function. In addition to intracellular chaperones, a role for extracellular chaperones orchestrating the transport, supramolecular assembly, and architecture of collagen IV in BM is emerging. We present evidence derived from evolutionarily distant model organisms that supports an extracellular collagen IV chaperone-like activity for the matricellular protein SPARC (Secreted Protein, Acidic, Rich in Cysteine). Loss of SPARC disrupts BM homeostasis and compromises tissue biomechanics and physiological function. Thus, the combined contributions of intracellular and extracellular collagen IV-associated chaperones and chaperone-like proteins are critical to ensure proper secretion and stereotypic assembly of collagen IV networks in BMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Chioran
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G5
| | - Sebastian Duncan
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G5
| | | | - Theodore J Brown
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maurice J Ringuette
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G5.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xing P, Zhu Y, Shan L, Chen S, Hao X, Li J. The role of weekly nanoparticle albumin bound paclitaxel monotherapy as second line or later treatment for advanced NSCLC in China. Oncotarget 2017; 8:87442-87454. [PMID: 29152093 PMCID: PMC5675645 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
For patients with pretreated advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), more effective treatments are unmet. We conducted a study to explore the optimal treatment schedule of nanoparticle albumin bound paclitaxel (Nab-PTX) as a second line or later treatment for advanced NSCLC patients in China. Ninety-eight patients, who had experienced failure of prior treatment and received Nab-PTX monotherapy (130 mg/m2) on days 1, 8 of a 21-day cycle were included. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 4.34 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.508 to 5.165 months) and 11.73 months (95% CI 9.211 to 14.247 months), respectively. The objective responses rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 22.4% and 74.5%. Prior treatment with taxane and line of therapy did not influence the efficacy of Nab-PTX. The main grade 3 to 4 toxicities were neutropenia (25.5%) and leukopenia (12.4%). Furthermore, 24 cases offered samples to assess secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) expression. No statistical difference was observed in treatment efficacy between SPARC expression-negative and positive. The findings suggest that weekly Nab-PTX monotherapy is effective and well tolerated for patients with pretreated advanced NSCLC, regardless of prior taxane exposure or line of therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puyuan Xing
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yixiang Zhu
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Shan
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Sipeng Chen
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuezhi Hao
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Junling Li
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Martinek N, Shahab J, Sodek J, Ringuette M. Is SPARC an Evolutionarily Conserved Collagen Chaperone? J Dent Res 2016; 86:296-305. [PMID: 17384023 DOI: 10.1177/154405910708600402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The construction of collagen fiber scaffolds, which provide the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix of connective tissues and basement membranes, is initiated by a complex mechanism of protein-folding, whereby pro-collagen α-chains are assembled into triple-helical procollagen molecules. This unique assembly of the procollagen molecules is guided by several endoplasmic reticulum resident molecular chaperones, including HSP47, which dissociates from procollagen molecules prior to their transport from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cis-Golgi network. SPARC, an evolutionarily conserved collagen-binding glycoprotein, which is frequently co-expressed with collagen in rapidly remodeling tissues, binds to the triple-helical region of procollagen molecules. Analysis of data from genome projects indicates that specific amino acids and sequences in SPARC that are critical for collagen binding are evolutionarily conserved in organisms ranging from nematodes to mammals. Studies of invertebrates, which do not encode HSP47, indicate that SPARC expression is required for the deposition of collagen IV in basal lamina during embryonic development. In mammals, defects in collagen deposition have been observed in normal and wound-healing tissues in the absence of SPARC expression. Based on these and other observations, we propose that intracellular SPARC acts as a collagen molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum, and that in higher organisms, SPARC acts in concert with HSP47 to ensure that only correctly folded procollagen molecules exit the endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast to HSP47, SPARC is transported from the endoplasmic reticulum through the Golgi network and into secretory vesicles for exocytosis at the plasma membrane. Hence, SPARC may also play a role in regulating post-endoplasmic reticulum events that promote collagen fibrillogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Martinek
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G5
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Moran-Jones K, Gloss BS, Murali R, Chang DK, Colvin EK, Jones MD, Yuen S, Howell VM, Brown LM, Wong CW, Spong SM, Scarlett CJ, Hacker NF, Ghosh S, Mok SC, Birrer MJ, Samimi G. Connective tissue growth factor as a novel therapeutic target in high grade serous ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:44551-62. [PMID: 26575166 PMCID: PMC4792575 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most common cause of death among women with gynecologic cancer. We examined molecular profiles of fibroblasts from normal ovary and high-grade serous ovarian tumors to identify novel therapeutic targets involved in tumor progression. We identified 2,300 genes that are significantly differentially expressed in tumor-associated fibroblasts. Fibroblast expression of one of these genes, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. CTGF protein expression in ovarian tumor fibroblasts significantly correlated with gene expression levels. CTGF is a secreted component of the tumor microenvironment and is being pursued as a therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer. We examined its effect in in vitro and ex vivo ovarian cancer models, and examined associations between CTGF expression and clinico-pathologic characteristics in patients. CTGF promotes migration and peritoneal adhesion of ovarian cancer cells. These effects are abrogated by FG-3019, a human monoclonal antibody against CTGF, currently under clinical investigation as a therapeutic agent. Immunohistochemical analyses of high-grade serous ovarian tumors reveal that the highest level of tumor stromal CTGF expression was correlated with the poorest prognosis. Our findings identify CTGF as a promoter of peritoneal adhesion, likely to mediate metastasis, and a potential therapeutic target in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. These results warrant further studies into the therapeutic efficacy of FG-3019 in high-grade serous ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Moran-Jones
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Cancer Research Program, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian S Gloss
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Cancer Research Program, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rajmohan Murali
- Department of Pathology and The Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David K Chang
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Cancer Research Program, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Emily K Colvin
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marc D Jones
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Cancer Research Program, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Samuel Yuen
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Viive M Howell
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laura M Brown
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Cancer Research Program, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Christopher J Scarlett
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Cancer Research Program, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
| | - Neville F Hacker
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, and Gynaecological Cancer Centre, Royal Hospital for Women, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sue Ghosh
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel C Mok
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael J Birrer
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Goli Samimi
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Cancer Research Program, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tumbarello DA, Andrews MR, Brenton JD. SPARC Regulates Transforming Growth Factor Beta Induced (TGFBI) Extracellular Matrix Deposition and Paclitaxel Response in Ovarian Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162698. [PMID: 27622658 PMCID: PMC5021370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
TGFBI has been shown to sensitize ovarian cancer cells to the cytotoxic effects of paclitaxel via an integrin receptor-mediated mechanism that modulates microtubule stability. Herein, we determine that TGFBI localizes within organized fibrillar structures in mesothelial-derived ECM. We determined that suppression of SPARC expression by shRNA decreased the deposition of TGFBI in mesothelial-derived ECM, without affecting its overall protein expression or secretion. Conversely, overexpression of SPARC increased TGFBI deposition. A SPARC-YFP fusion construct expressed by the Met5a cell line co-localized with TGFBI in the cell-derived ECM. Interestingly, in vitro produced SPARC was capable of precipitating TGFBI from cell lysates dependent on an intact SPARC carboxy-terminus with in vitro binding assays verifying a direct interaction. The last 37 amino acids of SPARC were shown to be required for the TGFBI interaction while expression of a SPARC-YFP construct lacking this region (aa 1-256) did not interact and co-localize with TGFBI in the ECM. Furthermore, ovarian cancer cells have a reduced motility and decreased response to the chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel when plated on ECM derived from mesothelial cells lacking SPARC compared to control mesothelial-derived ECM. In conclusion, SPARC regulates the fibrillar ECM deposition of TGFBI through a novel interaction, subsequently influencing cancer cell behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Tumbarello
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa R. Andrews
- University of St Andrews, School of Medicine, MBSB, North Haugh, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - James D. Brenton
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Villaruz LC, Socinski MA. Is there a role of nab-paclitaxel in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer? The data suggest yes. Eur J Cancer 2016; 56:162-171. [PMID: 26875112 PMCID: PMC4844000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nab-paclitaxel is a novel therapeutic agent, which was approved in combination with carboplatin in the first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) regardless of histologic subtype in the United States of America by the Food and Drug Administration in 2012 and by the European Commission in 2015. This approval was based on the results of a phase III clinical trial showing superior response rates compared with solvent-based paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin. This review will focus on the early development and clinical data to date supporting the use of nab-paclitaxel in advanced NSCLC. The clinical question central to this review is whether nab-paclitaxel has a place in the current therapeutic landscape of advanced NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liza C Villaruz
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Lung Cancer Program, 5150 Center Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
| | - Mark A Socinski
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Lung Cancer Program, 5150 Center Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Garg T, Bhandari S, Rath G, Goyal AK. Current strategies for targeted delivery of bio-active drug molecules in the treatment of brain tumor. J Drug Target 2015; 23:865-87. [PMID: 25835469 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1029930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumor is one of the most challenging diseases to treat. The major obstacle in the specific drug delivery to brain is blood-brain barrier (BBB). Mostly available anti-cancer drugs are large hydrophobic molecules which have limited permeability via BBB. Therefore, it is clear that the protective barriers confining the passage of the foreign particles into the brain are the main impediment for the brain drug delivery. Hence, the major challenge in drug development and delivery for the neurological diseases is to design non-invasive nanocarrier systems that can assist controlled and targeted drug delivery to the specific regions of the brain. In this review article, our major focus to treat brain tumor by study numerous strategies includes intracerebral implants, BBB disruption, intraventricular infusion, convection-enhanced delivery, intra-arterial drug delivery, intrathecal drug delivery, injection, catheters, pumps, microdialysis, RNA interference, antisense therapy, gene therapy, monoclonal/cationic antibodies conjugate, endogenous transporters, lipophilic analogues, prodrugs, efflux transporters, direct conjugation of antitumor drugs, direct targeting of liposomes, nanoparticles, solid-lipid nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, dendrimers and albumin-based drug carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saurav Bhandari
- b Department of Quality Assurance , ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chudecka-Głaz AM, Cymbaluk-Płoska AA, Menkiszak JL, Pius-Sadowska E, Machaliński BB, Sompolska-Rzechuła A, Rzepka-Górska IA. Assessment of selected cytokines, proteins, and growth factors in the peritoneal fluid of patients with ovarian cancer and benign gynecological conditions. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:471-85. [PMID: 25750541 PMCID: PMC4348053 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s73438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The ovarian tumor microenvironment, ie, the peritoneal fluid, is an intriguing research subject. The goal of this study was to assess the behavior of selected cytokines and growth factors within the peritoneal fluid in pathologies associated with ascites and to assess the relationship between the levels of these substances and select prognostic factors of ovarian cancer. Methods A total of 74 patients were enrolled in the study, including 36 patients with ovarian cancer and 38 patients with benign gynecological conditions. Peritoneal fluid collected during surgical procedures was used to assess the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, stem cell factor (SCF), dickkopf-1, growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteopontin, osteonectin, and human epididymis protein 4. The median levels of these factors were compared between the two groups, and the levels of selected factors were assessed in the ovarian cancer group with regard to the clinical stage of cancer, tumor differentiation, presence of peritoneal spread and positive peritoneal fluid cytology results. The diagnostic value of the analyzed proteins within the peritoneal fluid was also assessed. Results Differences were observed between the patients with ovarian cancer and the patients with benign gynecological conditions associated with ascites with regard to the levels of IL-6, IL-8, GDF-15, SCF, osteopontin, osteonectin, and OPG. There were no differences in dickkopf-1, TRAIL, and human epididymis protein 4 levels between the two study groups. Cancer stage affected only the mean SCF and OPG levels, with lower SCF values and higher OPG values in advanced cancers compared to less-advanced cancers. Tumor differentiation was associated with significantly lower SCF values in the group of poorly differentiated tumors. A significant reduction in SCF values and a significant increase in OPG and IL-6 values were also observed within cancer cell-positive peritoneal fluid. Peritoneal spread was associated with higher levels of TRAIL, osteonectin, and IL-6 in ovarian cancer patients. Conclusion On the basis of the conducted studies, it appears that of the studied factors, GDF-15, SCF, and OPG deserve special attention in the context of future research on the tumor microenvironment. With regard to diagnostics, attention should be given primarily to GDF-15, IL-6, and osteonectin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Monika Chudecka-Głaz
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aneta Alicja Cymbaluk-Płoska
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Janusz Leszek Menkiszak
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Pius-Sadowska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | | | - Izabella Anna Rzepka-Górska
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Studies on the Preparation, Characterization and Intracellular Kinetics of JD27-loaded Human Serum Albumin Nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.01.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
17
|
Neuzillet C, Tijeras-Raballand A, Cros J, Faivre S, Hammel P, Raymond E. Stromal expression of SPARC in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2014; 32:585-602. [PMID: 23690170 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-013-9439-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) stands as the poorest prognostic tumor of the digestive tract, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. Therapeutic options for unresectable PDAC are extremely limited and there is a pressing need for expanded therapeutic approaches to improve current options available with gemcitabine-based regimens. With PDAC displaying one of the most prominent desmoplastic stromal reactions of all carcinomas, recent research has focused on the microenvironment surrounding PDAC cells. Secreted protein acid and rich in cysteine (SPARC), which is overexpressed in PDAC, may display tumor suppressor functions in several cancers (e.g., in colorectal, ovarian, prostate cancers, and acute myelogenous leukemia) but also appears to be overexpressed in other tumor types (e.g., breast cancer, melanoma, and glioblastoma). The apparent contradictory functions of SPARC may yield inhibition of angiogenesis via inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor, while promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and invasion through matrix metalloprotease expression. This feature is of particular interest in PDAC where SPARC overexpression in the stroma stands along with inhibition of angiogenesis and promotion of cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Several therapeutic strategies to deplete stromal tissue have been developed. In this review, we focused on key preclinical and clinical data describing the role of SPARC in PDAC biology, the properties, and mechanisms of delivery of drugs that interact with SPARC and discuss the proof-of-concept clinical trials using nab-paclitaxel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Neuzillet
- Department of Medical Oncology (INSERM U728-PRES Paris 7 Diderot), Beaujon University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 100 boulevard du Général Leclerc, 92110, Clichy-La-Garenne, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang Z, Hao B, Yang Y, Wang R, Li Y, Wu Q. Prognostic role of SPARC expression in gastric cancer: a meta-analysis. Arch Med Sci 2014; 10:863-9. [PMID: 25395936 PMCID: PMC4223132 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2014.46207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is involved in regulating cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, and tissue remodeling. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between SPARC expression and the clinicopathologic features and outcomes of gastric cancer patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Publications that assessed the clinical or prognostic significance of SPARC in gastric cancer up to October 2013 were identified. A meta-analysis was performed to clarify the association between SPARC expression and clinical outcomes. RESULTS Ten studies, including 1417 cases, met the inclusion criteria. The data were analyzed and the results show that SPARC is not significantly associated with the depth of gastric cancer invasion (odds ratio (OR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.60-2.29, Z = 0.47, p = 0.64) or tumor differentiation (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.22-1.58, Z = 1.06, p = 0.29). Moreover, SPARC was not significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.37-1.41, Z = 0.96, p = 0.34). However, SPARC overexpression was highly correlated with reduced overall survival (relative risk (RR) = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.52-2.09, Z = 7.10, p = 0.43). CONCLUSIONS The SPARC may play an important role in the progression of gastric cancer, and SPARC overexpression is closely correlated with poor patient survival. The SPARC is a potential clinical marker for the survival of gastric cancer patients; however, well-designed prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zishu Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Bo Hao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Davidson B, Trope CG, Reich R. The role of the tumor stroma in ovarian cancer. Front Oncol 2014; 4:104. [PMID: 24860785 PMCID: PMC4026708 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment, consisting of stromal myofibroblasts, endothelial cells, and leukocytes, is growingly perceived to be a major contributor to the pathogenesis and disease progression in practically all cancer types. Stromal myofibroblasts produce angiogenic factors, proteases, growth factors, immune response-modulating proteins, anti-apoptotic proteins, and signaling molecules, and express surface receptors and respond to stimuli initiated in the tumor cells to establish a bi-directional communication network in the microenvironment to promote tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Many of these molecules are candidates for targeted therapy and the cancer stroma has been recently regarded as target for biological intervention. This review provides an overview of the biology and clinical role of the stroma in ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Davidson
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital , Oslo , Norway ; University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine , Oslo , Norway
| | - Claes G Trope
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine , Oslo , Norway ; Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Reuven Reich
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem , Israel
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gupta N, Hatoum H, Dy GK. First line treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer - specific focus on albumin bound paclitaxel. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 9:209-21. [PMID: 24399877 PMCID: PMC3875520 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s41770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide in both men and women. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer, accounting for more than 80% of cases. Paclitaxel has a broad spectrum of activity against various malignancies, including NSCLC. Paclitaxel is poorly soluble in water and thus, until recently, its commercially available preparations contained a non-ionic solvent Cremophor EL®. Cremophor EL® improves the solubility of paclitaxel and allows its intravenous administration. However, certain side-effects associated with paclitaxel, such as hypersensitivity reactions, myelosuppression, and peripheral neuropathy, are known to be worsened by Cremophor®. Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel ([nab-paclitaxel] ABRAXANE® ABI-007) is a new generation formulation of paclitaxel that obviates the need for Cremophor®, resulting in a safer and faster infusion without requiring the use of premedications to avoid hypersensitivity. Albumin-binding receptor-mediated delivery and lack of sequestering Cremophor® micelles allow higher intratumoral concentration of pharmacologically active paclitaxel. Multiple clinical trials have demonstrated a superior tolerability profile of nab-paclitaxel in comparison to solvent-bound paclitaxel (sb-paclitaxel). A recent Phase III trial compared the effects of weekly nab-paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin versus sb-paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin given every 3 weeks for first line treatment of NSCLC. This trial highlights the weekly nab-paclitaxel combination as an alternate treatment option for NSCLC, with higher response rate in squamous cell NSCLC and longer survival in elderly patients. This review will focus on the properties of nab-paclitaxel and its use in the first line treatment of NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Hassan Hatoum
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Grace K Dy
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
A tumor-stroma targeted oncolytic adenovirus replicated in human ovary cancer samples and inhibited growth of disseminated solid tumors in mice. Mol Ther 2012; 20:2222-33. [PMID: 22948673 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting the tumor stroma in addition to the malignant cell compartment is of paramount importance to achieve complete tumor regression. In this work, we modified a previously designed tumor stroma-targeted conditionally replicative adenovirus (CRAd) based on the SPARC promoter by introducing a mutated E1A unable to bind pRB and pseudotyped with a chimeric Ad5/3 fiber (Ad F512v1), and assessed its replication/lytic capacity in ovary cancer in vitro and in vivo. AdF512v1 was able to replicate in fresh samples obtained from patients: (i) with primary human ovary cancer; (ii) that underwent neoadjuvant treatment; (iii) with metastatic disease. In addition, we show that four intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of 5 × 10(10) v.p. eliminated 50% of xenografted human ovary tumors disseminated in nude mice. Moreover, AdF512v1 replication in tumor models was enhanced 15-40-fold when the tumor contained a mix of malignant and SPARC-expressing stromal cells (fibroblasts and endothelial cells). Contrary to the wild-type virus, AdF512v1 was unable to replicate in normal human ovary samples while the wild-type virus can replicate. This study provides evidence on the lytic capacity of this CRAd and highlights the importance of targeting the stromal tissue in addition to the malignant cell compartment to achieve tumor regression.
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen J, Wang M, Xi B, Xue J, He D, Zhang J, Zhao Y. SPARC is a key regulator of proliferation, apoptosis and invasion in human ovarian cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42413. [PMID: 22879971 PMCID: PMC3411787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), a calcium-binding matricellular glycoprotein, is implicated in the progression of many cancers. In this study, we investigated the expression and function of SPARC in ovarian cancer. Methods cDNA microarray analysis was performed to compare gene expression profiles of the highly invasive and the low invasive subclones derived from the SKOV3 human ovarian cancer cell line. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed to investigate SPARC expression in a total of 140 ovarian tissue specimens. In functional assays, effects of SPARC knockdown on the biological behavior of ovarian cancer cells were investigated. The mechanisms of SPARC in ovarian cancer proliferation, apoptosis and invasion were also researched. Results SPARC was overexpressed in the highly invasive subclone compared with the low invasive subclone. High SPARC expression was associated with high stage, low differentiation, lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis of ovarian cancer. Knockdown of SPARC expression significantly suppressed ovarian cancer cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis and inhibited cell invasion and metastasis. Conclusion SPARC is overexpressed in highly invasive subclone and ovarian cancer tissues and plays an important role in ovarian cancer growth, apoptosis and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Pharmacy Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Xi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Xue
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dan He
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (YZ)
| | - Yueran Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (YZ)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Greenaway JB, Koehler A, McCulloch CA, Petrik J, Brown TJ, Ringuette MJ. The impact of the ovarian microenvironment on the anti-tumor effect of SPARC on ovarian cancer. Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 90:96-107. [PMID: 22003835 DOI: 10.1139/o11-047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A lack of host-derived SPARC promotes disease progression in an intraperitoneal (IP) ID8 mouse model of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Since orthotopic injection (OT) of ID8 cells better recapitulates high-grade serous cancer, we examined the impact of host-derived SPARC following OT injection. Sparc(-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice were injected with ID8 cells either OT or IP and tumors were analyzed at the moribund stage. Sparc(-/-) mice had reduced survival and fewer well-defined abdominal lesions compared with WT controls after IP injection, whereas no differences were observed in survival or abdominal lesions between Sparc(-/-) and WT mice after OT injection. No differences in mass or collagen content were observed in ovarian tumors between OT-injected Sparc(-/-) and WT mice. The abdominal wall of the IP-injected Sparc(-/-) mice exhibited immature and less abundant collagen fibrils compared with WT mice both in injected and non-injected controls. In contrast to human EOC, SPARC was expressed by the tumor cells but was absent in reactive stroma of WT mice. Exposure to the ovarian microenvironment through OT injections alters the metastatic behaviour of ID8 cells, which is not affected by the absence of host-derived SPARC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James B Greenaway
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
The family of matricellular proteins comprises molecules with disparate biology. The main characteristic of matricellular proteins is to be expressed during tissue renewal and repair in order to "normalize" the tissue. Tumors are wound that do not heal, and tumor growth and metastasis can be viewed as a consequence of aberrant homeostasis, during which matricellular proteins are often upregulated. In the tumor microenvironment, they can be produced by both tumor cells and surrounding stromal cells, such as fibroblasts and macrophages. In this context, matricellular proteins can exert several functions that actively contribute to tumor progression. They may (a) regulate cellular adhesion and migration and extracellular matrix deposition, (b) control tumor infiltration by macrophages or other leukocytes, (c) affect tumor angiogenesis, (d) regulate TGFbeta and other growth factor receptor signals, (e) directly stimulate integrin receptors to transduce pro-survival or pro-migratory signals, and (f) regulate the wnt/beta-catenin pathways. Most of these functions contribute to settle a chronic low inflammatory state, whose involvement in tissue transformation and tumor progression is now established.
Collapse
|
25
|
Tripathi R, Mishra R. Interaction of Pax6 with SPARC and p53 in Brain of Mice Indicates Smad3 Dependent Auto-regulation. J Mol Neurosci 2010; 41:397-403. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-010-9334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
26
|
Koehler A, Desser S, Chang B, MacDonald J, Tepass U, Ringuette M. Molecular evolution of SPARC: absence of the acidic module and expression in the endoderm of the starlet sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis. Dev Genes Evol 2009; 219:509-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00427-009-0313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
27
|
Arnold SA, Brekken RA. SPARC: a matricellular regulator of tumorigenesis. J Cell Commun Signal 2009; 3:255-73. [PMID: 19809893 PMCID: PMC2778590 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-009-0072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many clinical studies have found a correlation of SPARC expression with malignant progression and patient survival, the mechanisms for SPARC function in tumorigenesis and metastasis remain elusive. The activity of SPARC is context- and cell-type-dependent, which is highlighted by the fact that SPARC has shown seemingly contradictory effects on tumor progression in both clinical correlative studies and in animal models. The capacity of SPARC to dictate tumorigenic phenotype has been attributed to its effects on the bioavailability and signaling of integrins and growth factors/chemokines. These molecular pathways contribute to many physiological events affecting malignant progression, including extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, immune modulation and metastasis. Given that SPARC is credited with such varied activities, this review presents a comprehensive account of the divergent effects of SPARC in human cancers and mouse models, as well as a description of the potential mechanisms by which SPARC mediates these effects. We aim to provide insight into how a matricellular protein such as SPARC might generate paradoxical, yet relevant, tumor outcomes in order to unify an apparently incongruent collection of scientific literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanna A Arnold
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Division of Surgical Oncology and Departments of Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8593 USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
|
29
|
Aberrant promoter methylation of SPARC in ovarian cancer. Neoplasia 2009; 11:126-35. [PMID: 19177197 DOI: 10.1593/neo.81146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2008] [Revised: 10/24/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes is a new focus of investigation in the generation and proliferation of carcinomas. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is reportedly detrimental to the growth of ovarian cancer cells and has been shown to be epigenetically silenced in several cancers. We hypothesized that SPARC is downregulated in ovarian cancer through aberrant promoter hypermethylation. To that end, we analyzed SPARC expression in ovarian cancer cell lines and investigated the methylation status of the Sparc promoter using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. Our results show that SPARC mRNA expression is decreased in three (33%) and absent in four (44%) of the nine ovarian cancer cell lines studied, which correlated with hypermethylation of the Sparc promoter. Treatment with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine rescued SPARC mRNA and protein expression. Addition of exogenous SPARC, as well as ectopic expression by an adenoviral vector, resulted in decreased proliferation of ovarian cancer cell lines. Investigation of primary tumors revealed that the Sparc promoter is methylated in 68% of primary ovarian tumors and that the levels of SPARC protein decrease as the disease progresses from low to high grade. Lastly, de novo methylation of Sparc promoter was shown to be mediated by DNA methyltransferase 3a. These results implicate Sparc promoter methylation as an important factor in the genesis and survival of ovarian carcinomas and provide new insights into the potential use of SPARC as a novel biomarker and/or treatment modality for this disease.
Collapse
|
30
|
Bull Phelps SL, Carbon J, Miller A, Castro-Rivera E, Arnold S, Brekken RA, Lea JS. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine as a regulator of murine ovarian cancer growth and chemosensitivity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 200:180.e1-7. [PMID: 18992864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2008] [Revised: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/20/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) influences the growth of several solid tumors. Our objectives were to determine the effect of SPARC on the growth and response to cisplatin therapy of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. STUDY DESIGN SPARC expression was determined in 4 platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines. The effect of increasing SPARC on cell proliferation was determined in vitro. The effect of host-derived SPARC on tumor growth and response to therapy was determined in vivo using the murine ovarian cancer cell line, OSEID8, which was injected into the peritoneum of wild-type (WT) and SPARC-null (SP-/-) mice. RESULTS Forced expression of SPARC decreased growth of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro. In vivo, tumor growth was more aggressive in the absence of host-derived SPARC resulting in decreased survival compared with WT mice (P = .005). Cisplatin did not improve survival of WT mice. In contrast, cisplatin therapy resulted in a significant survival advantage (P = .0048) and decreased tumor volume (P = .02) in SP-/- animals. CONCLUSION We conclude that SPARC is an important extracellular matrix protein that regulates the growth and chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer. In general, SPARC appears to control tumor cell growth but also impede the efficacy of cisplatin therapy. Therefore, selective inhibition of SPARC may provide an attractive strategy for increasing the efficacy of therapy in platinum-resistant ovarian tumors.
Collapse
|
31
|
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Lu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Clouser
- Division of Women's Cancers, Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Podhajcer OL, Benedetti LG, Girotti MR, Prada F, Salvatierra E, Llera AS. The role of the matricellular protein SPARC in the dynamic interaction between the tumor and the host. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2008; 27:691-705. [PMID: 18542844 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-008-9146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor growth is essentially the result of an evolving cross-talk between malignant and surrounding stromal cells (fibroblasts, endothelial cells and inflammatory cells). This heterogeneous mass of extracellular matrix and intermingled cells interact through cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts. Malignant cells also secrete soluble proteins that reach neighbor stromal cells, forcing them to provide the soil on which they will grow and metastasize. Different studies including expression array analysis identified the matricellular protein SPARC as a marker of poor prognosis in different cancer types. Further evidence demonstrated that high SPARC levels are often associated with the most aggressive and highly metastatic tumors. Here we describe the most recent evidence that links SPARC with human cancer progression, the controversy regarding its role in certain human cancers and the physiological processes in which SPARC is involved: epithelial-mesenchymal transition, immune surveillance and angiogenesis. Its relevance as a potential target in cancer therapy is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo L Podhajcer
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Fundacion Instituto Leloir, University of Buenos Aires, National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sangaletti S, Di Carlo E, Gariboldi S, Miotti S, Cappetti B, Parenza M, Rumio C, Brekken RA, Chiodoni C, Colombo MP. Macrophage-derived SPARC bridges tumor cell-extracellular matrix interactions toward metastasis. Cancer Res 2008; 68:9050-9. [PMID: 18974151 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Other than genetic imprinting and epithelial to mesenchymal transition, cancer cells need interaction with the nearby stroma toward metastasis. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a matricellular protein known to regulate extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and cell-ECM interaction. Gene expression profiles associate SPARC to malignant progression. Using reciprocal bone marrow chimeras between SPARC knockout and wild-type mice, we show that SPARC produced by inflammatory cells is necessary for spontaneous, but not experimental, i.v. metastasis. Macrophage-derived SPARC induces cancer cell migration and enhances their migration to other ECM proteins at least through alpha(v)beta(5) integrin. Indeed, RNA interference knockdown of beta(5) integrin expression reduces cell migration in vitro and metastasis in vivo. Together these results show that macrophage-derived SPARC takes part in metastasis, acting at the step of integrin-mediated migration of invasive cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Sangaletti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Immunotherapy and Gene Therapy Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
SPARC in cancer biology: its role in cancer progression and potential for therapy. Drug Resist Updat 2008; 11:231-46. [PMID: 18849185 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2008.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 08/25/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability to effectively target a tumor to achieve complete regression and cure is the ultimate goal that drives our need to better understand tumor biology. Recently, SPARC has generated considerable interest as a multi-faceted protein that belongs to a family of matricellular proteins. It functions not only to modulate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, but its de-adhesive and growth inhibitory properties in non-transformed cells have led to studies to assess its role in cancer. Its divergent actions reflect the complexity of this protein, because in certain types of cancers, such as melanomas and gliomas, SPARC is associated with a highly aggressive tumor phenotype, while in others, mainly ovarian, neuroblastomas and colorectal cancers, SPARC may function as a tumor suppressor. Recent studies have also demonstrated a role for SPARC in sensitizing therapy-resistant cancers. Here, the role of SPARC in cancer progression and its potential application in cancer therapy is discussed.
Collapse
|
36
|
Podhajcer OL, Benedetti L, Girotti MR, Prada F, Salvatierra E, Llera AS. The role of the matricellular protein SPARC in the dynamic interaction between the tumor and the host. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2008; 27:523-37. [PMID: 18459035 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-008-9135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Tumor growth is essentially the result of an evolving cross-talk between malignant and surrounding stromal cells (fibroblasts, endothelial cells and inflammatory cells). This heterogeneous mass of extracellular matrix and intermingled cells interact through cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts. Malignant cells also secrete soluble proteins that reach neighbor stromal cells, forcing them to provide the soil on which they will grow and metastasize. Different studies including expression array analysis identified the matricellular protein SPARC as a marker of poor prognosis in different cancer types. Further evidence demonstrated that high SPARC levels are often associated with the most aggressive and highly metastatic tumors. Here we describe the most recent evidence that links SPARC with human cancer progression, the controversy regarding its role in certain human cancers and the physiological processes in which SPARC is involved: epithelial-mesenchymal transition, immune surveillance and angiogenesis. Its relevance as a potential target in cancer therapy is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo L Podhajcer
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Fundacion Instituto Leloir, University of Buenos Aires, National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
DNA hypermethylation, Her-2/neu overexpression and p53 mutations in ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2008; 111:320-9. [PMID: 18757082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Revised: 07/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To define patterns of aberrant DNA methylation, p53 mutation and Her-2/neu overexpression in tissues from benign (n=29), malignant (n=100), and border line malignant ovaries (n=10), as compared to normal (n=68) ovarian tissues. Further, to explore the relationship between the presence of genetic and epigenetic abnormalities in ovarian cancers, and assess the association between epigenetic changes and clinical stage of malignancy at presentation and response to therapy. METHODS The methylation status of 23 genes that were previously reported associated with various epithelial malignancies was assessed in normal and abnormal ovarian tissues by methylation-specific PCR. The presence of p53 mutation (n=82 cases) and Her-2/neu overexpression (n=51 cases) were assessed by DNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS Methylation of four genes (MINT31, HIC1, RASSF1, and CABIN1) was significantly associated with ovarian cancer but not other ovarian pathology. Her-2/neu overexpression was associated with aberrant methylation of three genes (MINT31, RASSF1, and CDH13), although aberrant methylation was not associated with p53 mutations. Methylation of RASSF1 and HIC1 was more frequent in early compared to late stage ovarian cancer, while methylation of CABIN1 and RASSF1 was associated with response to chemotherapy. CONCLUSION DNA methylation of tumor suppressor genes is a frequent event in ovarian cancer, and in some cases is associated with Her-2/neu overexpression. Methylation of CABIN1 and RASSF1 may have the utility to predict response to therapy.
Collapse
|
38
|
Sangaletti S, Colombo MP. Matricellular proteins at the crossroad of inflammation and cancer. Cancer Lett 2008; 267:245-53. [PMID: 18471960 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2008] [Revised: 02/26/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Some proteins of the extracellular matrix known as matricellular proteins have regulatory function in all aspects of physiological and pathological stroma rearrangement. Many aspects of their activity are related to inflammation and immune response suggesting their role in bridging inflammation and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Sangaletti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Immunotherapy and Gene Therapy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Arnold S, Mira E, Muneer S, Korpanty G, Beck AW, Holloway SE, Mañes S, Brekken RA. Forced expression of MMP9 rescues the loss of angiogenesis and abrogates metastasis of pancreatic tumors triggered by the absence of host SPARC. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2008; 233:860-73. [PMID: 18445772 DOI: 10.3181/0801-rm-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is characterized by desmoplasia, local invasion, and metastasis. These features are regulated in part by MMP9 and SPARC. To explore the interaction of SPARC and MMP9 in cancer, we first established orthotopic pancreatic tumors in SPARC-null and wild-type mice with the murine pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line, PAN02. MMP9 expression was higher in tumors from wild-type compared to SPARC-null mice. Coincident with lower MMP9 expression, tumors grown in SPARC-null mice were significantly larger, had decreased ECM deposition and reduced microvessel density compared to wild-type controls. In addition, metastasis was enhanced in the absence of host SPARC. Therefore, we next analyzed the orthotopic tumor growth of PAN02 cells transduced with MMP9 or a control empty vector. Forced expression of MMP9 by the PAN02 cells resulted in larger tumors in both wild-type and SPARC-null animals compared to empty vector controls and further diminished ECM deposition. Importantly, forced expression of MMP9 within the tumor reversed the decrease in angiogenesis and abrogated the metastatic potential displayed by control tumors grown in SPARC-null mice. Finally, contrary to the in vivo results, MMP9 increased cell migration in vitro, which was blocked by the addition of SPARC. These results suggest that SPARC and MMP9 interact to regulate many stages of tumor progression including ECM deposition, angiogenesis and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Arnold
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8593, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kessler CB, Delany AM. Increased Notch 1 expression and attenuated stimulatory G protein coupling to adenylyl cyclase in osteonectin-null osteoblasts. Endocrinology 2007; 148:1666-74. [PMID: 17218421 DOI: 10.1210/en.2006-0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteonectin, or secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine, is one of the most abundant noncollagen matrix components in bone. This matricellular protein regulates extracellular matrix assembly and maturation in addition to modulating cell behavior. Mice lacking osteonectin develop severe low-turnover osteopenia, and in vitro studies of osteonectin-null osteoblastic cells showed that osteonectin supports osteoblast formation, maturation, and survival. The present studies demonstrate that osteonectin-null osteoblastic cells have increased expression of Notch 1, a well-documented regulator of cell fate in multiple systems. Furthermore, osteonectin-null cells are more plastic and less committed to osteoblastic differentiation, able to pursue adipogenic differentiation given the appropriate signals. Notch 1 transcripts are down-regulated by inducers of cAMP in both wild-type and osteonectin-null osteoblasts, suggesting that the mutant osteoblasts may have a defect in generation of cAMP in response to stimuli. Indeed, many bone anabolic agents signal through increased cAMP. Wild-type and osteonectin-null osteoblasts generated comparable amounts of cAMP in response to forskolin, a direct stimulator of adenylyl cyclase. However, the ability of osteonectin-null osteoblasts to generate cAMP in response to cholera toxin, a direct stimulator of Gs, was attenuated. These data imply that osteonectin-null osteoblasts have decreased coupling of Gs to adenylyl cyclase. Because osteonectin promotes G protein coupling to an effector, our studies support the concept that low-turnover osteopenia can result from reducing G protein coupled receptor activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine B Kessler
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nyman DW, Campbell KJ, Hersh E, Long K, Richardson K, Trieu V, Desai N, Hawkins MJ, Von Hoff DD. Phase I and Pharmacokinetics Trial of ABI-007, a Novel Nanoparticle Formulation of Paclitaxel in Patients With Advanced Nonhematologic Malignancies. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23:7785-93. [PMID: 16258082 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.00.6148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose ABI-007 is a novel solvent-free, albumin-bound, 130-nm particle formulation of paclitaxel designed to avoid solvent-related toxicities and to deliver paclitaxel to tumors via molecular pathways involving an endothelial cell-surface albumin receptor (gp60) and an albumin-binding protein expressed by tumor cells and secreted into the tumor interstitium (secreted protein acid rich in cysteine). This study determined the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of ABI-007 monotherapy administered weekly (three weekly doses, repeated every 4 weeks) and assessed the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel administered as ABI-007. Patients and Methods Patients with advanced nonhematologic malignancies received ABI-007 without premedication at dose levels from 80 to 200 mg/m2 as a 30-minute intravenous infusion once a week for 3 weeks, followed by 1 week of rest (one cycle). Results Thirty-nine patients were treated with an average of five cycles of ABI-007; 33% of patients received ≥ six cycles of treatment. MTDs for heavily and lightly pretreated patients were 100 and 150 mg/m2, respectively; and the dose-limiting toxicities were grade 4 neutropenia and grade 3 peripheral neuropathy, respectively. Maximum paclitaxel concentration and area under the curve increased linearly with dose. Dose-dependent changes in plasma clearance did not occur. Partial responses were observed in five patients with breast, lung, and ovarian cancers, all of whom had previously been treated with paclitaxel containing polyoxyethylated castor oil in the formulation. Conclusion This study demonstrated that weekly ABI-007 can be administered at doses exceeding those typically used for paclitaxel containing polyoxyethylated castor oil. Pharmacokinetics were linear over the dose range studied. Antitumor responses occurred in patients previously treated with paclitaxel containing polyoxyethylated castor oil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David W Nyman
- Department of Pharmacology Toxicology, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Arizona Cancer Center/University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Alvarez MJ, Prada F, Salvatierra E, Bravo AI, Lutzky VP, Carbone C, Pitossi FJ, Chuluyan HE, Podhajcer OL. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine produced by human melanoma cells modulates polymorphonuclear leukocyte recruitment and antitumor cytotoxic capacity. Cancer Res 2005; 65:5123-32. [PMID: 15958556 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-1102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The expression of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) has been associated with the malignant progression of different types of human cancer. SPARC was associated with tumor cell capacity to migrate and invade, although its precise role in tumor progression is still elusive. In the present study, we show that SPARC produced by melanoma cells modulates the antitumor activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Administration to nude mice of human melanoma cells in which SPARC expression was transiently or stably knocked down by antisense RNA (SPARC-sup cells) promoted PMN recruitment and obliterated tumor growth even when SPARC-sup cells accounted for only 10% of injected malignant cells. In addition, SPARC-sup cells stimulated the in vitro migration and triggered the antimelanoma cytotoxic capacity of human PMN, an effect that was reverted in the presence of SPARC purified from melanoma cells or by reexpressing SPARC in SPARC-sup cells. Leukotrienes, interleukin 8, and growth-related oncogene, in combination with Fas ligand and interleukin 1, mediated SPARC effects. These data indicate that SPARC plays an essential role in tumor evasion from immune surveillance through the inhibition of the antitumor PMN activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariano J Alvarez
- Leloir Institute, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Suzuki M, Hao C, Takahashi T, Shigematsu H, Shivapurkar N, Sathyanarayana UG, Iizasa T, Fujisawa T, Hiroshima K, Gazdar AF. Aberrant methylation of SPARC in human lung cancers. Br J Cancer 2005; 92:942-8. [PMID: 15756262 PMCID: PMC2361924 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) is an extracellular Ca2+-binding matricellular glycoprotein associated with the regulation of cell adhesion and growth. We investigated loss of expression of SPARC gene and promoter methylation in lung cancers and correlated the data with clinicopathological features. We observed loss of SPARC expression in 12 of 20 (60%) lung cancer cell lines. Treatment of expression-negative cell lines with a demethylating agent restored expression in all cases. Methylation frequencies of SPARC gene were 55% in 20 lung cancer cell lines. Primary tumours had methylation at a rate of 69% (119 of 173), while nonmalignant lung tissues (n=60) had very low rates (3%). In lung adenocarcinomas, SPARC methylation correlated with a negative prognosis (P=0.0021; relative risk 4.65, 95% confidence interval 1.75–12.35, multivariate Cox's proportional-hazard model). Immunostaining revealed protein expression in bronchial epithelium (weak intensity) and in juxtatumoral stromal tissues (strong intensity) accompanied by frequent loss in cancer cells that correlated with the presence of methylation (P<0.001). Our findings are of biological interest and potentially of clinical importance in human lung cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Suzuki
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hudson AE, Feng WC, Delostrinos CF, Carmean N, Bassuk JA. Spreading of embryologically distinct urothelial cells is inhibited by SPARC. J Cell Physiol 2005; 202:453-63. [PMID: 15389586 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The AON epitope of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a conserved motif expressed by human SPARC in a variety of human cell types. Through the use of a monoclonal antibody that recognizes this epitope, transitional epithelium was found to restrict expression of SPARC to the suprabasal and intermediate layer. Such intracellular expression was defined by immunoreactive signals that localized to the apical plasma membranes of suprabasal and intermediate cells. Polarization of SPARC to apical plasma membranes of suprabasal cells was retained in vitro by a subpopulation of cells that exhibited characteristics of suprabasal cells--cell-cycle quiescence, large cell volumes, and multiple nuclei. In contrast, the basal layer of transitional epithelium in vivo and cycling cells in vitro did not exhibit this apical staining pattern, but instead sequestered the SPARC polypeptide within urothelial cytoplasm and/or nuclei, as revealed by immunohistochemical analysis. Elution of soluble proteins and DNA from urothelial cells revealed the presence of SPARC within the nuclear matrix--and that SPARC colocalized with the nuclear matrix Ki-67 antigen. rSPARC activity was demonstrated and quantified with a rounding assay whereby the spreading of freshly plated cells was inhibited by recombinant SPARC in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Inhibition of spreading was observed in urothelial cells derived from endoderm (bladder) and mesoderm (ureter) germ layers. Statistically significant differences were seen between urothelial cells from these two layers. Mesodermal cells recovered more slowly from the inhibitory effects of rSPARC, such that at hour 6 endodermal cells underwent significantly more spreading, as shown by a rounding index (RI). These experiments provide new insights about the matricellular trafficking of SPARC and suggest that intra- and extra-cellular localization patterns influence the development, homeostasis, and differentiation of transitional epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber E Hudson
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98105-0371, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yan Q, Weaver M, Perdue N, Sage EH. Matricellular protein SPARC is translocated to the nuclei of immortalized murine lens epithelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2005; 203:286-94. [PMID: 15534859 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The matricellular glycoprotein, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), has complex biological activities and is important for lens epithelial cell function and regulation of cataract formation. To understand how SPARC influences lens epithelial cell activity and homeostasis, we have studied the subcellular distribution of SPARC in murine lens epithelial cells in vitro. We demonstrate that endogenous SPARC is located in the cytoplasm of either quiescent or dividing lens epithelial cells in culture. However, cytoplasmic SPARC was translocated into the nuclei of immortalized lens epithelial cells upon a significant reduction of intracellular SPARC in these cells. Recombinant human (rh) SPARC added to the culture media was quickly and efficiently internalized into the cytosol of SPARC-null lens epithelial cells. Moreover, cytoplasmic rhSPARC was also translocated into the nucleus after exogenous rhSPARC was removed from the culture media. The translocation of SPARC into the nucleus was therefore triggered by the reduction of SPARC protein normally available to the cells. A mouse SPARC-EGFP chimeric fusion protein (70 kDa) was expressed in lens epithelial cells and 293-EBNA cells, and was observed both in the cytoplasm and culture medium, but not in the nucleus. SPARC does not appear to have a strong nuclear localization sequence. Alternatively, SPARC might pass through the nuclear pore complex by passive diffusion. SPARC therefore functions not only as an extracellular protein but also potentially as an intracellular protein to influence cellular activities and homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yan
- Hope Heart Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington 98104-2046, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sodek J, Zhu B, Huynh MH, Brown TJ, Ringuette M. Novel functions of the matricellular proteins osteopontin and osteonectin/SPARC. Connect Tissue Res 2003; 43:308-19. [PMID: 12489175 DOI: 10.1080/03008200290001050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) and osteonectin/SPARC (ON/SPARC) are prominent matricellular components of the extracellular matrix of mineralized tissues of bones and teeth in which they can regulate the formation and growth of hydroxyapatite crystals and influence a variety of cell activities. OPN regulates cell responses through several integrin receptors and is also a ligand for the CD44 receptor, through which it acts as a chemoattractant. Although a cell-surface receptor for SPARC has not been identified it can block cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and inhibit cell migration and chemotaxis. OPN and SPARC also appear to function inside cells. Thus, OPN appears to exist in association with the CD44 receptor inside migratory cells, while intracellular SPARC is associated with axonemal tubulin in ciliated epithelial cells. Analyses of fibroblasts and peritoneal macrophages from OPN-null and CD44-null cells show impaired functionality involving migration and cell fusion required for osteoclast formation, while disruption of SPARC expression leads to developmental defects in Xenopus. To gain further insights into the intracellular functions of OPN and SPARC, we have used the yeast two-hybrid system to identify potential interacting molecules. Using full-length SPARC as bait the carboxy-terminal domain, which contains two EF-hand, high-affinity binding sites, was found to have transcriptional activity, while several novel proteins that interact with the amino-terminal domains of SPARC and full-length OPN have been identified. The identification of OPN and SPARC inside specialized cells introduces a novel concept in cellular regulation by matricellular proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaro Sodek
- CIHR Group in Matrix Dynamics, 234 FitzGerald Building, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3E2, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Briggs J, Chamboredon S, Castellazzi M, Kerry JA, Bos TJ. Transcriptional upregulation of SPARC, in response to c-Jun overexpression, contributes to increased motility and invasion of MCF7 breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2002; 21:7077-91. [PMID: 12370830 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1205857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2002] [Revised: 06/26/2002] [Accepted: 07/08/2002] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the c-Jun proto-oncogene in MCF7 breast cancer cells results in a variety of phenotype changes related to malignant progression including increased motility and invasion. Concurrent with these phenotypic effects are changes in the expression of multiple gene targets. We previously demonstrated that expression of the SPARC/osteonectin gene, while undetectable in the MCF7 cell line, is highly induced in response to stable c-Jun overexpression (c-Jun/MCF7). Because the SPARC gene product is associated with tumor cell invasion in a variety of different cancers, we have examined its role in mediating the phenotypic changes induced by c-Jun in MCF7 cells. We found that antisense mediated suppression of SPARC dramatically inhibits both motility and invasion in this c-Jun/MCF7 model. In contrast, stable overexpression of SPARC in the parental MCF7 cell line is not sufficient to stimulate cell motility or invasion. Examination of the promoter region of the human SPARC gene reveals three non-canonical AP-1 sites. We demonstrate that one of these sites binds c-Jun/Fra1 heterodimers in vitro, but that this and the other AP-1 like sites are dispensable with respect to c-Jun stimulated SPARC promoter activation. Deletion analysis identified a region between -120 and -70 as a c-Jun responsive element sufficient to induce maximal promoter activation. This region does not contain any AP-1 sites but does mediate binding by SP1 'like' complexes. Furthermore, this region is necessary for SP1/SP3 responsiveness in Drosophila SL2 cells. These results demonstrate that SPARC plays an important role in stimulating motility and the invasive behavior of c-Jun/MCF7 cells and that SPARC promoter activation by c-Jun appears to occur through an indirect mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Briggs
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, P.O. Box 1980, Norfolk, VA 23501, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Maeng HY, Song SB, Choi DK, Kim KE, Jeong HY, Sakaki Y, Furihata C. Osteonectin-expressing cells in human stomach cancer and their possible clinical significance. Cancer Lett 2002; 184:117-21. [PMID: 12104055 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(02)00191-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The clinical significance of osteonectin in human stomach cancer was examined immunohistochemically and molecular biologically in 31 differentiated and eight undifferentiated stomach adenocarcinomas and 19 non-cancer stomach tissues. Osteonectin-mAb-stained cells were observed in stroma of 90% differentiated and 63% undifferentiated adenocarcinomas, and of 26% non-cancer stomach tissues. Competitive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction results generally coincided with immunohistochemical data. The present results suggest that osteonectin is highly expressed in reactive stroma associated with invasive differentiated adenocarcinomas and that it may serve as a useful clinical diagnostic marker for stomach cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hack-Young Maeng
- Department of Life Science, University of Joong-Bu, Chungnam 312-702, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Maeng HY, Choi DK, Takeuchi M, Yamamoto M, Tominaga M, Tsukamoto T, Tatematsu M, Ito T, Sakaki Y, Furihata C. Appearance of osteonectin-expressing fibroblastic cells in early rat stomach carcinogenesis and stomach tumors induced with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Jpn J Cancer Res 2002; 93:960-7. [PMID: 12359048 PMCID: PMC5927132 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2002.tb02471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to define molecular alterations in the initiation stage of rat stomach carcinogenesis. Groups of male Lewis rats, 6 weeks old, were given drinking water with or without N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG; 100 mg/liter). Total RNA was isolated from the stomach pyloric mucosa, and fluorescent differential display analysis was performed. A cDNA fragment of 125 bp encoding an extracellular matrix-associated matricellular glycoprotein, osteonectin, was identified after 14 days of MNNG exposure. A severalfold increase in expression was observed after 14 and 27 days of MNNG exposure, as determined by northern blot and RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry revealed that osteonectin-mAb-stained fibroblastic cells appeared in interstitial tissue of pyloric mucosa. Additionally the gene expression of other extracellular matrix proteins, viz., collagen type III, fibronectin, osteopontin, proteoglycan NG2, laminin gamma1 and S-laminin, was also markedly increased, as determined by competitive RT-PCR after 14 days of MNNG exposure. The gene expression of osteonectin and the six other extracellular matrix proteins was elevated in twelve stomach adenocarcinomas and adenomas induced by MNNG in Lewis and WKY rats. Osteonectin-mAb-stained fibroblastic cells were evident in interstitial tissue of stomach tumor. These results suggest that osteonectin-expressing fibroblastic cells appear in the interstitial tissue of pyloric mucosa from the early initiation stage of rat stomach chemical carcinogenesis, and that this phenomenon probably plays a role in cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hack-Young Maeng
- Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Genazzani AR, Gadducci A, Gambacciani M. Controversial issues in climacteric medicine II. Hormone replacement therapy and cancer. Maturitas 2001; 40:117-30. [PMID: 11716990 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5122(01)00282-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A R Genazzani
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Child Development, Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Pisa, Via Roma 35, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|