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Vahidfar N, Farzanefar S, Ahmadzadehfar H, Molloy EN, Eppard E. A Review of Nuclear Medicine Approaches in the Diagnosis and the Treatment of Gynecological Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1779. [PMID: 35406552 PMCID: PMC8997132 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear medicine is defined as the diagnosis and the treatment of disease using radiolabeled compounds known as radiopharmaceuticals. Single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) and positron emission tomography/computer tomography (PET/CT) based radiopharmaceuticals have proven reliable in diagnostic imaging in nuclear medicine and cancer treatment. One of the most critical cancers that also relies on an early diagnosis is gynecological cancer. Given that approximately 25% of all cancers in developing countries are a subset of gynecological cancer, investigating this cancer subtype is of significant clinical worth, particularly in light of its high rate of mortality. With accurate identification of high grade distant abdominal endometrial cancer as well as extra abdominal metastases, 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) PET/CT imaging is considered a valuable step forward in the investigation of gynecological cancer. Considering these factors, [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging can assist in making management of patient therapy more feasible. In this literature review, we will provide a short overview of the role of nuclear medicine in the diagnosis of obstetric and gynecological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Vahidfar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419733133, Iran; (N.V.); (S.F.)
| | - Saeed Farzanefar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419733133, Iran; (N.V.); (S.F.)
| | | | - Eóin N. Molloy
- University Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Otto von Guericke University (OvGU), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Eppard
- University Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Otto von Guericke University (OvGU), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
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Tian H, Wang X, Lian B, Si L, Gao M, Zheng H, Chi Z, Kong Y, Mao L, Bai X, Tang B, Yan X, Li S, Zhou L, Dai J, Sun Y, Wu L, Guo J, Cui C. Surgical Outcomes of Vaginal or Cervical Melanoma. Front Surg 2022; 8:771160. [PMID: 35047550 PMCID: PMC8761811 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.771160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of radical resection compared with non-radical resection for vaginal or cervical melanoma. Methods: We retrospectively analysed the clinical data of post-operative patients with primary lower genital tract melanoma hospitalised at Peking University Cancer Hospital between Jan 2014 and Dec 2020. The study endpoints were recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). Kaplan–Meier method-plotted survival curves and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to identify the factors associated with RFS and OS, and to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results: A total of 80 patients were included. Thirty-one patients had received non-radical resection, and 49 patients had received radical resection. The median patient age was 55.5 (IQR 45.3–60.0) years. Sixty-two (77.5%) patients had vaginal melanoma. Sixty-four patients (80.0%) had received post-operative adjuvant therapy. The median follow-up time was 36.0 months (95% CI 10.1–62.1 months). Sixty-four patients developed recurrence, and 44 patients died. The median RFS (mRFS) was 6.0 months (95% CI 3.4–8.6 m), and the RFS for the radical resection group was longer than that for the non-radical resection group (9.5 vs. 5.3 m), with no significant difference (P > 0.05). The median OS (mOS) was 25.9 months (95% CI 14.4–37.4 m). The mOS was 24.6 months (95% CI 10.3–38.9 m) and 25.9 months (95% CI 10.9–40.9 m) in the non-radical resection group and the radical resection group, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that surgical approach, infiltration depth of the tumour, lymph node metastasis, and post-operative adjuvant therapy were independent risk factors for RFS and that post-operative adjuvant therapy was an independent risk factor for OS. Conclusion: By performing multivariate analysis, which corrected for potential confounding factors, we identified surgical procedures that were associated with RFS, and we found that RFS and OS in patients with vaginal melanoma and cervical melanoma benefitted from post-operative adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tian
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Lian
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Si
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Min Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Chi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Mao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Bixia Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xieqiao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Siming Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Dai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yangchun Sun
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lingying Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanliang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chuanliang Cui
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Skanjeti A, Dhomps A, Paschetta C, Tordo J, Giammarile F. Sentinel Node Mapping in Gynecologic Cancers: A Comprehensive Review. Semin Nucl Med 2019; 49:521-533. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Chen L, Xiong Y, Wang H, Liang L, Shang H, Yan X. Malignant melanoma of the vagina: A case report and review of the literature. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:1585-1588. [PMID: 25202372 PMCID: PMC4156219 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary malignant melanoma of the vagina is an extremely rare variant of melanoma that accounts for <3% of all vaginal malignancies. Primary malignant melanoma of the vagina has a worse prognosis as compared with non-genital melanomas or other vaginal malignant neoplasms. A-35-year-old female had a diagnosis of primary malignant melanoma of the vagina. A local excision of the tumor was first performed, followed by a radical excision as a further therapeutic measure. The patient returned after three weeks, presenting with a vesico-vaginal fistula. A conservative operation was subsequently performed in order to improve the quality of life of the patient. Pelvic metastases were identified 6 months after the completion of the last surgical therapy and subsequent follow-up examinations were performed in another hospital. The present case study describes the clinical features and surgical procedures of this patient with primary malignant melanoma of the vagina. In conclusion, melanoma of the vagina is an extremely aggressive cancer and the overall prognosis is poor despite the various treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yin Xiong
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Lizhi Liang
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Huiling Shang
- Department of Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Guangzhou, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojian Yan
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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Povoski SP, Neff RL, Mojzisik CM, O'Malley DM, Hinkle GH, Hall NC, Murrey DA, Knopp MV, Martin EW. A comprehensive overview of radioguided surgery using gamma detection probe technology. World J Surg Oncol 2009; 7:11. [PMID: 19173715 PMCID: PMC2653072 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-7-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/27/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of radioguided surgery, which was first developed some 60 years ago, involves the use of a radiation detection probe system for the intraoperative detection of radionuclides. The use of gamma detection probe technology in radioguided surgery has tremendously expanded and has evolved into what is now considered an established discipline within the practice of surgery, revolutionizing the surgical management of many malignancies, including breast cancer, melanoma, and colorectal cancer, as well as the surgical management of parathyroid disease. The impact of radioguided surgery on the surgical management of cancer patients includes providing vital and real-time information to the surgeon regarding the location and extent of disease, as well as regarding the assessment of surgical resection margins. Additionally, it has allowed the surgeon to minimize the surgical invasiveness of many diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, while still maintaining maximum benefit to the cancer patient. In the current review, we have attempted to comprehensively evaluate the history, technical aspects, and clinical applications of radioguided surgery using gamma detection probe technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Povoski
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ryan L Neff
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Cathy M Mojzisik
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - David M O'Malley
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - George H Hinkle
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Nathan C Hall
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Douglas A Murrey
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Michael V Knopp
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Edward W Martin
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Radioisotopic Location of the Sentinel Node in Vaginal Mucous Melanoma Before Laparoscopic Sampling. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2008; 18:195-6. [DOI: 10.1097/sle.0b013e318169290c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Frumovitz M, Gayed IW, Jhingran A, Euscher ED, Coleman RL, Ramirez PT, Levenback CF. Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node detection in women with vaginal cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2008; 108:478-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Revised: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Dhar KK, DAS N, Brinkman DA, Beynon JL, Woolas RP. Utility of sentinel node biopsy in vulvar and vaginal melanoma: report of two cases and review of the literature. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2007; 17:720-3. [PMID: 17343569 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2007.00885.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sentinel node (SN) biopsy is widely applied for treatment planning of cutaneous melanoma. However, using this strategy in female lower genital tract tumors has not yet been established. We report two cases, one each of vulvar and vaginal melanoma who underwent SN biopsy and review the available literature. Our experience and available limited evidence suggests that this low morbidity technique can be used for obtaining prognostic information and hence treatment planning for this disease. However, a false negative rate perhaps in the order of 15% suggests that careful consideration is necessary before using sentinel lymph node biopsy in the management of vulvar and vaginal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Dhar
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Saint Mary's Hospital, Portsmouth, United Kingdom.
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Adib T, Barton DPJ. The sentinel lymph node: Relevance in gynaecological cancers. Eur J Surg Oncol 2006; 32:866-74. [PMID: 16765015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2006.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2005] [Accepted: 03/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection is widely practiced in the management of patients with malignant melanoma and beast cancer. Large studies on SLN detection and determination of nodal status have led to changes in the surgical management of the regional lymph nodes in these diseases. More recently attention has focused on other solid cancers, including gynaecological cancers. METHODS An extensive literature review of published reports on the SLN in gynaecological cancers was undertaken and the reports were categorised according to the level of evidence provided. RESULTS Vulva cancer is the most frequently investigated gynaecological cancer with regard to SLN detection because of its anatomical location and easily accessible nodal basin. Although there are no randomised controlled trials, some data suggest SLN detection in vulval cancer may alter clinical practice and reduce the number of groin lymphadenectomies. The lymphatic drainage of the other gynaecological organs is less predictable, the nodal basin less accessible or less well defined, the techniques not standardised and the evidence for the applicability of SLN detection in the management of these cancers is weak. CONCLUSION Sentinel lymph node detection in vulval cancer may reduce the need for radical groin lymphadenectomy and thereby reduce morbidity. SLN detection for other gynaecological cancers has little potential to alter clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Adib
- Division of Gynaecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 4th Floor Lanesborough Wing, St. George's Hospital, Blackshaw Road, London SW17 0QT, UK
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Frumovitz M, Ramirez PT, Levenback C. Lymphatic mapping and sentinel node detection in gynecologic malignancies of the lower genital tract. Curr Oncol Rep 2005; 7:435-43. [PMID: 16221380 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-005-0008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The utility of lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy in malignancies of the female lower genital tract-- vulvar, vaginal, and cervical cancers--is being explored in multiple centers internationally. For patients with these tumors, lymphatic mapping with sentinel lymph node biopsy holds the promise of increasing the identification of microscopically metastatic disease while decreasing the morbidity of complete lymphadenectomy. In this review article we present the published data on mapping techniques and discuss the advantages and pitfalls of these procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Frumovitz
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, CPB6.3244, Unit 1362, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Herman Pressler, TX 77030, USA.
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Siu SSN, Lo KWK, Chan ABW, Yu MY, Cheung TH. Nodal detection in malignant melanoma of the vagina using laparoscopic ultrasonography. Gynecol Oncol 2004; 92:985-8. [PMID: 14984972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2003.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary malignant melanoma of the vagina is a rare variant of melanoma. It has worse prognosis compared to nongenital melanomas or other vaginal malignant neoplasms. CASE A 40-year-old Chinese was diagnosed vaginal melanoma. Laparoscopic ultrasonography (USG) was used to search for abnormal pelvic and abdominal lymph nodes. Two metastatic pelvic lymph nodes were detected and excised. The vaginal tumour was removed by hysterectomy and partial vaginectomy. Despite a clear surgical margin and adjuvant radiotherapy, the patient died shortly after the operation. CONCLUSION Patient with vaginal melanoma has grave prognosis, especially when metastatic disease presents. Radical surgery appears unjustified as a routine, it is essential to exclude lymphatic and distant metastases before embark to radical surgery. This report presents the first case of laparoscopic ultrasonographic detection of metastatic pelvic lymph nodes in patient with vaginal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shing-Shun N Siu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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Abramova L, Parekh J, Irvin WP, Rice LW, Taylor PT, Anderson WA, Slingluff CL. Sentinel node biopsy in vulvar and vaginal melanoma: presentation of six cases and a literature review. Ann Surg Oncol 2002; 9:840-6. [PMID: 12417504 DOI: 10.1007/bf02557519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urogenital melanoma is a rare neoplasm with poor prognosis. Its management in the past involved radical vulvectomy and complete bilateral inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy. Sentinel lymph node biopsy is an accurate low-morbidity procedure when used in the context of cutaneous melanoma. However, prophylactic lymphadenectomy has not been shown to improve survival of melanoma patients. We wanted to determine the feasibility of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with female urogenital melanoma as a staging procedure. METHODS Six patients with vulvar or vaginal melanomas underwent preoperative lymphatic mapping with (99m)Tc-labeled sulfur colloid followed by sentinel lymphadenectomy. In addition, we reviewed the literature on the application of sentinel lymph node biopsy in urogenital tract melanomas. RESULTS One or more sentinel nodes were identified in all six patients by lymphoscintigraphy. All patients underwent sentinel lymphadenectomy, except for one patient with a deep vaginal melanoma that drained to pelvic nodes. The five successful cases had unilateral drainage patterns. None of the sentinel lymph nodes excised had tumor invasion. Combined with five other patients from the published literature, the success rate of localizing sentinel lymph nodes in the patients with urogenital melanoma approaches 100%. CONCLUSIONS This experience, plus reports of a small number of patients from three similar studies, supports the impression that sentinel lymph node biopsy is feasible for vulvar and vaginal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Abramova
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health Science Center, Charlottesville, Virginia 22906, USA
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Nakagawa S, Koga K, Kugu K, Tsutsumi O, Taketani Y. The evaluation of the sentinel node successfully conducted in a case of malignant melanoma of the vagina. Gynecol Oncol 2002; 86:387-9. [PMID: 12217768 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.2002.6763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sentinel node biopsy has been established as a standard procedure in many types of cancer. To date, only one case was reported for successful detection of the sentinel node using a radiopharmaceutical-directed mapping technique in malignant melanoma of the vagina. CASE An 81-year-old woman developed malignant melanoma arising from the lower third of the vagina. She underwent local resection of the tumor and exploration of the sentinel node using blue dye. The sentinel node was detected successfully in the groin, and was negative for metastasis. Intra-cavity irradiation was given as an adjuvant therapy. CONCLUSION In view of relative ease and minimal trauma, sentinel node mapping could be a routine procedure in malignant melanoma arising from the vagina or vulva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Nakagawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
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