1
|
Lodewijk I, Dueñas M, Paramio JM, Rubio C. CD44v6, STn & O-GD2: promising tumor associated antigens paving the way for new targeted cancer therapies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1272681. [PMID: 37854601 PMCID: PMC10579806 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1272681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies are the state of the art in oncology today, and every year new Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are developed for preclinical research and clinical trials, but few of them really change the therapeutic scenario. Difficulties, either to find antigens that are solely expressed in tumors or the generation of good binders to these antigens, represent a major bottleneck. Specialized cellular mechanisms, such as differential splicing and glycosylation processes, are a good source of neo-antigen expression. Changes in these processes generate surface proteins that, instead of showing decreased or increased antigen expression driven by enhanced mRNA processing, are aberrant in nature and therefore more specific targets to elicit a precise anti-tumor therapy. Here, we present promising TAAs demonstrated to be potential targets for cancer monitoring, targeted therapy and the generation of new immunotherapy tools, such as recombinant antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell (CAR-T) or Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Engineered Natural Killer (CAR-NK) for specific tumor killing, in a wide variety of tumor types. Specifically, this review is a detailed update on TAAs CD44v6, STn and O-GD2, describing their origin as well as their current and potential use as disease biomarker and therapeutic target in a diversity of tumor types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Lodewijk
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Oncology-CIBERONC, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Dueñas
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Oncology-CIBERONC, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus M. Paramio
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Oncology-CIBERONC, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Rubio
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Oncology-CIBERONC, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hobday SB, Mady LJ, Jacobson AM, Rassekh CH. CIC-DUX4 Sarcoma Involving the Skull Base: A Rare Presentation and Review of the Literature. J Neurol Surg Rep 2023; 84:e124-e128. [PMID: 37842548 PMCID: PMC10575739 DOI: 10.1055/a-2166-5688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CIC-DUX4 sarcoma is a rare, aggressive tumor that is difficult to diagnose. Although it is closely related to Ewing's sarcoma, each is a distinct pathologic entity and both have been previously reported in the skin, lymph nodes, and viscera. We report the first description of CIC-DUX4 involving the posterior cranial fossa and review the distinctive symptomatology, morphology, immunoprofile, and genetic signature that differentiate this rare tumor. Case Report A 32-year-old man presented with an enlarging right lateral neck mass, progressive hoarseness, and orofacial pain. Biopsy revealed a high-grade undifferentiated malignant neoplasm. Imaging demonstrated an 8-cm mass in the right neck extending to the skull base and abutting the carotid sheath, in addition to pulmonary nodules and pelvic lymphadenopathy. Despite initial response to chemotherapy, he experienced disease progression and underwent surgical resection, radical neck dissection, and brachytherapy. Definitive pathologic diagnosis was achieved with next-generation sequencing. Within weeks of treatment, he developed symptoms reflecting progression of disease involving the neck, posterior cranial fossa, and lung. Adjuvant chemotherapy was planned, but the patient succumbed to his disease prior to initiation of further therapy. Conclusion CIC-DUX4 sarcomas are uncommon and can progress rapidly. Diagnosis requires either fluorescence in situ hybridization or next-generation sequencing. Due to its rarity, there is no standard-of-care treatment for this tumor and further investigations are needed to understand disease behavior and develop targeted therapeutic modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara B. Hobday
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Leila J. Mady
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Alec M. Jacobson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Christopher H. Rassekh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
DelaCourt A, Mehta A. Beyond glyco-proteomics-Understanding the role of genetics in cancer biomarkers. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 157:57-81. [PMID: 36725113 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The development of robust cancer biomarkers is the most effective way to improve overall survival, as early detection and treatment leads to significantly better clinical outcomes. Many of the cancer biomarkers that have been identified and are clinically utilized are glycoproteins, oftentimes a specific glycoform. Aberrant glycosylation is a common theme in cancer, with dysregulated glycosylation driving tumor initiation and metastasis, and abnormal glycosylation can be detection both on the tissue surface and in serum. However, most cancer types are heterogeneous in regard to tumor genomics, and this heterogeneity extends to cancer glycomics. This limits the sensitivity of standalone glycan-based biomarkers, which has slowed their implementation clinically. However, if targeted biomarker development can take into account genomic tumor information, the development of complementary biomarkers that target unique cancer subgroups can be accomplished. This idea suggests the need for algorithm-based cancer biomarkers, which can utilize multiple biomarkers along with relevant demographic information. This concept has already been established in the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma with the GALAD score, and an algorithm-based approach would likely be effective in improving biomarker sensitivity for additional cancer types. In order to increase cancer diagnostic biomarker sensitivity, there must be more targeted biomarker development that considers tumor genomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and clinical data while identifying tumor biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew DelaCourt
- Department of Cell & Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Anand Mehta
- Department of Cell & Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang J, Li M, Mei B, Li J, Zhu Y, Guo Q, Huang J, Zhang G. Whole-cell tumor vaccines desialylated to uncover tumor antigenic Gal/GalNAc epitopes elicit anti-tumor immunity. J Transl Med 2022; 20:496. [PMID: 36316782 PMCID: PMC9620617 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03714-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant sialoglycans on the surface of tumor cells shield potential tumor antigen epitopes, escape recognition, and suppress activation of immunocytes. α2,3/α2,6Gal- and α2,6GalNAc (Gal/GalNAc)-linked sialic acid residues of sialoglycans could affect macrophage galactose-type lectins (MGL) mediated-antigen uptake and presentation and promote sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) mediated-immunosuppression. Desialylating sialoglycans on tumor cells could present tumor antigens with Gal/GalNAc residues and overcome glyco-immune checkpoints. Thus, we explored whether vaccination with desialylated whole-cell tumor vaccines (DWCTVs) triggers anti-tumor immunity in ovarian cancer (OC). METHODS Sialic acid (Sia) and Gal/GalNAc residues on OC A2780, OVCAR3, and ID8 cells treated with α2-3 neuraminidase (α2-3NA) and α2-6NA, and Sigec-9 or Siglec-E and MGL on DCs pulsed with desialylated OC cells were identified using flow cytometry (FCM); RT-qPCR determined IFNG expression of T cells, TRBV was sequenced using Sanger sequencing and cytotoxicity of αβ T cells was measured with LDH assay; Anti-tumor immunity in vivo was validated via vaccination with desialylated whole-cell ID8 vaccine (ID8 DWCTVs). RESULTS Gal/GalNAc but not Sia residues were significantly increased in the desialylated OC cells. α2-3NA-modified DWCTV increased MGL but decreased Siglec-9 or Siglec E expression on DCs. MGLbright/Siglec-9dim DCs significantly up-regulated IFNG expression and CD4/CD8 ratio of T cells and diversified the TCR repertoire of αβ T-cells that showed enhanced cytotoxic activity. Vaccination with α2-3NA-modified ID8 DWCTVs increased MGLbright/Siglec-Edim DCs in draining lymph nodes, limited tumor growth, and extended survival in tumor-challenged mice. CONCLUSION Desialylated tumor cell vaccine could promote anti-tumor immunity and provide a strategy for OC immunotherapy in a clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Huang
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiying Li
- grid.415880.00000 0004 1755 2258Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sichuan Cancer Institute, Chengdu, China
| | - Bingjie Mei
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyang Li
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Department of Ultrasound, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiaoshan Guo
- grid.415880.00000 0004 1755 2258Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sichuan Cancer Institute, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianming Huang
- grid.415880.00000 0004 1755 2258Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sichuan Cancer Institute, Chengdu, China
| | - Guonan Zhang
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China ,grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pashov A, Murali R, Makhoul I, Karbassi B, Kieber-Emmons T. Harnessing Antibody Polyspecificity for Cancer Immunotherapy. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2022; 41:290-300. [PMID: 36306515 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2022.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting the diverse glycan repertoire expressed on tumor cells is considered a viable therapeutic strategy to deal with tumor cell heterogeneity. Inherently polyspecific, natural, glycan-reactive antibodies are purported to be protective in thwarting infections and in cancer immunotherapy. Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) are related to pathogen glycans, to which nascent or natural antibodies exist and IgM responses are elicited. To capture the polyspecific nature of anticarbohydrate responses, we have focused on the rational design of carbohydrate mimetic peptides (CMPs) cross-reactive with TACA reactive antibodies. In particular, we have focused on the development of CMPs that display reactivity to GD2 and Lewis Y (LeY) reactive monoclonal antibodies. They would serve as templates for pan-immunogens inducing biosimilar polyreactive antibodies. In the design, we relied on structural analyses of CMP's enhanced binding to the templates using molecular modeling. Glycan reactivity patterns of affinity CMP-purified human antibodies further refined specificity profiles in comparison with the immune response to the CMP in clinical trials. In this study, we further define the molecular characteristics for this mimicry by considering the polyspecificity of LeY and GD2 reactive antibodies binding to the lacto-ceramide core Galβ(1,4)Glcβ(1-1')Cer. Binding to this minimum building block can be capitalized on for cancer therapy and diagnostics and illustrates a new approach in designing cancer vaccines taking advantage of the latent polyspecificity of antibodies and the relevance of natural antibodies in antigen discovery and design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastas Pashov
- Department of Immunology, Stephan Angelov Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ramachandran Murali
- Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Issam Makhoul
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, Winthrop P. Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Behjatolah Karbassi
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, Winthrop P. Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Thomas Kieber-Emmons
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, Winthrop P. Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Giamougiannis P, Martin-Hirsch PL, Martin FL. The evolving role of MUC16 (CA125) in the transformation of ovarian cells and the progression of neoplasia. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:327-343. [PMID: 33608706 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MUC16 (the cancer antigen CA125) is the most commonly used serum biomarker in epithelial ovarian cancer, with increasing levels reflecting disease progression. It is a transmembrane glycoprotein with multiple isoforms, undergoing significant changes through the metastatic process. Aberrant glycosylation and cleavage with overexpression of a small membrane-bound fragment consist MUC16-related mechanisms that enhance malignant potential. Even MUC16 knockdown can induce an aggressive phenotype but can also increase susceptibility to chemotherapy. Variable MUC16 functions help ovarian cancer cells avoid immune cytotoxicity, survive inside ascites and form metastases. This review provides a comprehensive insight into MUC16 transformations and interactions, with description of activated oncogenic signalling pathways, and adds new elements on the role of its differential glycosylation. By following the journey of the molecule from pre-malignant states to advanced stages of disease it demonstrates its behaviour, in relation to the phenotypic shifts and progression of ovarian cancer. Additionally, it presents proposed differences of MUC16 structure in normal/benign conditions and epithelial ovarian malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Giamougiannis
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Pierre L Martin-Hirsch
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK.,Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sun X, Zhan M, Sun X, Liu W, Meng X. C1GALT1 in health and disease. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:589. [PMID: 34149900 PMCID: PMC8200938 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
O-linked glycosylation (O-glycosylation) and N-linked glycosylation (N-glycosylation) are the two most important forms of protein glycosylation, which is an important post-translational modification. The regulation of protein function involves numerous mechanisms, among which protein glycosylation is one of the most important. Core 1 synthase glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-β-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1) serves an important role in the regulation of O-glycosylation and is an essential enzyme for synthesizing the core 1 structure of mucin-type O-glycans. Furthermore, C1GALT1 serves a vital role in a number of biological functions, such as angiogenesis, platelet production and kidney development. Impaired C1GALT1 expression activity has been associated with different types of human diseases, including inflammatory or immune-mediated diseases, and cancer. O-glycosylation exists in normal tissues, as well as in tumor tissues. Previous studies have revealed that changes in the level of glycosyltransferase in different types of cancer may be used as potential therapeutic targets. Currently, numerous studies have reported the dual role of C1GALT1 in tumors (carcinogenesis and cancer suppression). The present review reports the role of C1GALT1 in normal development and human diseases. Since the mechanism and regulation of C1GALT1 and O-glycosylation remain elusive, further studies are required to elucidate their effects on development and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Mengru Zhan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Wanqi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiangwei Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Peixoto A, Cotton S, Santos LL, Ferreira JA. The Tumour Microenvironment and Circulating Tumour Cells: A Partnership Driving Metastasis and Glycan-Based Opportunities for Cancer Control. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1329:1-33. [PMID: 34664231 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73119-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumour cells (CTC) are rare cells that actively detach or are shed from primary tumours into the lymph and blood. Some CTC subpopulations gain the capacity to survive, home and colonize distant locations, forming metastasis. This results from a multifactorial process in which cancer cells optimize motility, invasion, immune escape and cooperative relationships with microenvironmental cues. Here we present evidences of a self-fuelling molecular crosstalk between cancer cells and the tumour stroma supporting the main milestones leading to metastasis. We discuss how the tumour microenvironment supports pre-metastatic niches and CTC development and ultimately dictates CTC fate in targeted organs. Finally, we highlight the key role played by protein glycosylation in metastasis development, its prompt response to microenvironmental stimuli and the tremendous potential of glycan-based molecular signatures for liquid biopsies and targeted therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Peixoto
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal. .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3s), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Institute for Biomedical Engineering (INEB), Porto, Portugal. .,Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (P.ccc), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sofia Cotton
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3s), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering (INEB), Porto, Portugal.,Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (P.ccc), Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcio Lara Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (P.ccc), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Alexandre Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (P.ccc), Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Coelho R, Marcos-Silva L, Mendes N, Pereira D, Brito C, Jacob F, Steentoft C, Mandel U, Clausen H, David L, Ricardo S. Mucins and Truncated O-Glycans Unveil Phenotypic Discrepancies between Serous Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines and Primary Tumours. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072045. [PMID: 30011875 PMCID: PMC6073732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimal research results rely on the selection of cellular models capable of recapitulating the characteristics of primary tumours from which they originate. The expression of mucins (MUC16 and MUC1) and truncated O-glycans (Tn, STn and T) represents a characteristic footprint of serous ovarian carcinomas (SOCs). Therefore, selecting ovarian cancer (OVCA) cell lines that reflect this phenotype is crucial to explore the putative biological role of these biomarkers in the SOC setting. Here, we investigated a panel of OVCA cell lines commonly used as SOC models, and tested whether, when cultured in 2D and 3D conditions, these recapitulate the mucin and O-glycan expression profiles of SOCs. We further explored the role of truncating the O-glycosylation capacity in OVCAR3 cells through knockout of the COSMC chaperone, using in vitro and in vivo assays. We found that the majority of OVCA cell lines of serous origin do not share the mucin and truncated O-glycan footprint of SOCs, although 3D cultures showed a higher resemblance. We also found that genetic truncation of the O-glycosylation capacity of OVCAR3 cells did not enhance oncogenic features either in vitro or in vivo. This study underscores the importance of well-characterized cellular models to study specific features of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Coelho
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal.
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4099-002 Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Lara Marcos-Silva
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal.
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4099-002 Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB) António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Nuno Mendes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal.
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4099-002 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Daniela Pereira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal.
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4099-002 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Catarina Brito
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB) António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Francis Jacob
- Glyco-Oncology, Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Catharina Steentoft
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ulla Mandel
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Leonor David
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal.
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4099-002 Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sara Ricardo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal.
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4099-002 Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Starbuck K, Al-Alem L, Eavarone DA, Hernandez SF, Bellio C, Prendergast JM, Stein J, Dransfield DT, Zarrella B, Growdon WB, Behrens J, Foster R, Rueda BR. Treatment of ovarian cancer by targeting the tumor stem cell-associated carbohydrate antigen, Sialyl-Thomsen-nouveau. Oncotarget 2018; 9:23289-23305. [PMID: 29796189 PMCID: PMC5955411 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent ovarian cancer (OvCa) is thought to result in part from the inability to eliminate rare quiescent cancer stem cells (CSCs) that survive cytotoxic chemotherapy and drive tumor resurgence. The Sialyl-Thomsen-nouveau antigen (STn) is a carbohydrate moiety present on protein markers of CSCs in pancreatic, colon, and gastric malignancies. We have demonstrated that human OvCa cell lines contain varying levels of cells that independently express either STn or the ovarian CSC marker CD133. Here we determine co-expression of STn and CD133 in a subset of human OvCa cell lines. Analyses of colony and sphere forming capacity and of response to standard-of-care cytotoxic therapy suggest a subset of OvCa STn+ cells display some CSC features. The effect of the anti-STn antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) S3F-CL-MMAE and 2G12-2B2-CL-MMAE on OvCa cell viability in vitro and in vivo was also assessed. Treatment with S3F-CL-MMAE reduced the viability of two of three OvCa cell lines in vitro and exposure to either S3F-CL-MMAE or 2G12-2B2-CL-MMAE reduced OVCAR3-derived xenograft volume in vivo, depleting STn+ tumor cells. In summary, STn+ cells demonstrate some stem-like properties and specific therapeutic targeting of STn in ovarian tumors may be an effective clinical strategy to eliminate both STn+ CSC and STn+ non-CSC populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Starbuck
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linah Al-Alem
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Silvia Fatima Hernandez
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chiara Bellio
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Bianca Zarrella
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Whitfield B. Growdon
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Rosemary Foster
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bo R. Rueda
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aberrant glycosylation affects many cellular properties in cancers. The core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase (C1GALT1), an enzyme that controls the formation of mucin-type O-glycans, has been reported to regulate hepatocellular and mammary carcinogenesis. This study aimed to explore the role of C1GALT1 in ovarian cancer. METHODS C1GALT1 expression was assessed in a public database based on microarray data from 1287 ovarian cancer patients and ovarian cancerous tissues. Lectin blotting and flow cytometry analysis were conducted to detect changes in O-glycans on ovarian cancer cells. Effects of C1GALT1 on cell growth, migration, and sphere formation were analyzed in C1GALT1 knockdown or overexpressing ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Expression of cancer stemness-related genes was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS High C1GALT1 expression shows a trend toward association with poor survival in ovarian cancer patients. C1GALT1 modifies O-glycan expression on surfaces and glycoproteins of ovarian cancer cells. Knockdown of C1GALT1 decreased cell growth, migration, and sphere formation of ES-2 and OVTW59-p4 cells. Conversely, overexpression of C1GALT1 promoted such malignant properties of SKOV3 cells. Furthermore, C1GALT1 regulated the expression of several cancer stemness-related genes, including CD133, CD24, Oct4, Nanog, and SNAI2, in ovarian cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS C1GALT1 modifies O-glycan expression and enhances malignant behaviors in ovarian cancer cells, suggesting that C1GALT1 plays a role in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer and targeting C1GALT1 could be a promising approach for ovarian cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ogawa T, Hirohashi Y, Murai A, Nishidate T, Okita K, Wang L, Ikehara Y, Satoyoshi T, Usui A, Kubo T, Nakastugawa M, Kanaseki T, Tsukahara T, Kutomi G, Furuhata T, Hirata K, Sato N, Mizuguchi T, Takemasa I, Torigoe T. ST6GALNAC1 plays important roles in enhancing cancer stem phenotypes of colorectal cancer via the Akt pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:112550-112564. [PMID: 29348846 PMCID: PMC5762531 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a mortal disease due to treatment resistance, recurrence and distant metastasis. Emerging evidence has revealed that a small sub-population of cancer cells termed cancer stem cells (CSCs)/ cancer-initiating cells (CICs) is endowed with high levels of tumor-initiating ability, self-renewal ability and differentiation ability and is responsible for treatment resistance, recurrence and distant metastasis. Eradication of CSCs/CICs is essential to improve current treatments. However, the molecular mechanisms by which CSCs/CICs are maintained are still elusive. In this study, we aimed to determine the molecular mechanisms by which colorectal (CR)-CSCs/CICs in are maintained human primary CRC cells. CR-CSCs/CICs were isolated by sphere-culture and the ALDEFLUOR assay, and transcriptome analysis revealed that the gene ST6 N-Acetylgalactosaminide Alpha-2,6-Sialyltransferase 1 (ST6GALNAC1) was expressed at high levels in CR-CSCs/CICs. Overexpression of ST6GALNAC1 enhanced the expression of sialyl-Tn (STn) antigen, which is carried by the CSC marker CD44, and increased the sphere-forming ability and resistance to a chemotherapeutic reagent. The opposite phenomena were observed by gene knockdown using siRNA. Furthermore, the Akt pathway was activated in ST6GANAC1-overexpressed cells, and activation of the pathway was cancelled by gene knockdown of galectin-3. The results indicate that ST6GALNAC1 has a role in the maintenance of CR-CSCs/CICs by activating the Akt pathway in cooperation with galectin-3 and that ST6GalNAC1 (or STn antigen) might be a reasonable molecule for CSC/CIC-targeting therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hirohashi
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Aiko Murai
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Nishidate
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Kenji Okita
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Ikehara
- The Molecular Medicine Team, Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - Tetsuta Satoyoshi
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Akihiro Usui
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Terufumi Kubo
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Munehide Nakastugawa
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kanaseki
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Tomohide Tsukahara
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Goro Kutomi
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Furuhata
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Koichi Hirata
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Sato
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Toru Mizuguchi
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takemasa
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Torigoe
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fu C, Zhao H, Wang Y, Cai H, Xiao Y, Zeng Y, Chen H. Tumor-associated antigens: Tn antigen, sTn antigen, and T antigen. HLA 2016; 88:275-286. [PMID: 27679419 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the major posttranslational modifications of proteins. N-glycosylation (Asn-linked) and O-glycosylation (Ser/Thr-linked) are the two main forms. Abnormal O-glycosylation is frequently observed on the surface of tumor cells, and is associated with an adverse outcome and poor prognosis in patients with cancer. O-glycans (Tn, sTn, and T antigen) can be synthesized in the Golgi apparatus with the aid of several glycosyltransferases (such as T-synthase and ST6GalNAc-I) in a suitable environment. The unique molecular chaperone of T-synthase is Cosmc, which helps T-synthase to fold correctly in the endoplasmic reticulum. Dysregulation of these glycosyltransferases, molecular chaperones, or the environment is involved in the dysregulation of O-glycans. Tn, sTn, and T antigen neo- or over-expression occurs in many types of cancer including gastric, colon, breast, lung, esophageal, prostate, and endometrial cancer. This review discusses the major synthetic pathway of O-glycans and the mechanism by which Tn, sTn, and T antigens promote tumor metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Fu
- Institute of Spinal Medicine and Trauma, Department of Spinal Surgery Ward/Center for Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - H Zhao
- Institute of Spinal Medicine and Trauma, Department of Spinal Surgery Ward/Center for Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Y Wang
- The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - H Cai
- Department of Hematology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Y Xiao
- Institute of Spinal Medicine and Trauma, Department of Spinal Surgery Ward/Center for Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Y Zeng
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - H Chen
- Institute of Spinal Medicine and Trauma, Department of Spinal Surgery Ward/Center for Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liang JX, Liang Y, Gao W. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of sialyl Lewis X overexpression in patients with cancer: a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:3113-25. [PMID: 27307752 PMCID: PMC4888715 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s102389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown that sialyl Lewis X (sLeX) is related to cancer prognosis and clinicopathology, but failed to provide conclusive results. We conducted the present meta-analysis to identify the association between sLeX overexpression and cancer prognosis. We searched studies in PubMed and Embase databases. Relative risk or hazard ratio with 95% confidence intervals were estimated with the Mantel–Haenszel random-effect method and 29 studies were included. Our meta-analysis showed that sLeX overexpression is significantly related to lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, T stage, N stage, M stage, tumor stage, recurrence, and overall survival. In subgroup analysis, we found that cancer type and ethnicity might be two major contributing factors to the possible presence of heterogeneity among the studies. In conclusion, sLeX overexpression is associated with tumor metastasis, recurrence, and overall survival in cancer patients, it plays an important role in cancer prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xiao Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Liang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Taizhou University Medical School, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Activation of an aberrant glycosylation pathway in cancer cells can lead to expression of the onco-foetal sialyl-Tn (sTn) antigen. STn is a truncated O-glycan containing a sialic acid α-2,6 linked to GalNAc α-O-Ser/Thr and is associated with an adverse outcome and poor prognosis in cancer patients. The biosynthesis of the sTn antigen has been linked to the expression of the sialytransferase ST6GalNAc1, and also to mutations in and loss of heterozygosity of the COSMC gene. sTn neo- or over-expression occurs in many types of epithelial cancer including gastric, colon, breast, lung, oesophageal, prostate and endometrial cancer. sTn is believed to be carried by a variety of glycoproteins and may influence protein function and be involved in tumour development. This review discusses how the role of sTn in cancer development and tumour cell invasiveness might be organ specific and occur through different mechanisms depending on each cancer type or subtype. As the sTn-antigen is expressed early in carcinogenesis targeting sTn in cancer may enable the targeting of tumours from the earliest stage.
Collapse
|
16
|
RNAi-mediated gene silencing of ST6GalNAc I suppresses the metastatic potential in gastric cancer cells. Gastric Cancer 2016; 19:85-97. [PMID: 25532910 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-014-0454-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ST6GalNAc I is a sialyltransferase controlling the expression of sialyl-Tn antigen (STn), which is overexpressed in several epithelial cancers, including gastric cancer, and is highly correlated with cancer metastasis. However, the functional contribution of ST6GalNAc I to development or progression of gastric cancer remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of suppression of ST6GalNAc I on gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Gastric cancer cell lines were transfected with ST6GalNAc I siRNA and were examined by cell proliferation, migration, and invasion assays. We also evaluated the effect of ST6GalNAc I siRNA treatment in a peritoneal dissemination mouse model. The differences in mRNA levels of selected signaling molecules were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) arrays associated with tumor metastasis in MKN45 cells. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b (STAT5b) signaling pathways that reportedly regulate the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS ST6GalNAc I siRNA inhibited gastric cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion in vitro. Furthermore, intraperitoneal administration of ST6GalNAc I siRNA- liposome significantly inhibited peritoneal dissemination and prolonged the survival of xenograft model mice with peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer. PCR array confirmed that suppression of ST6GalNAc I caused a significant reduction in expression of IGF-1 mRNA. Decreased IGF-1 expression in MKN45 cells treated with ST6GalNAc I siRNA was accompanied by reduced phosphorylation of STAT5b. CONCLUSION ST6GalNAc I may regulate the gene expression of IGF-1 through STAT5b activation in gastric cancer cells and may be a potential target for treatment of metastasizing gastric cancer.
Collapse
|
17
|
Jin Y, Kim SC, Kim HJ, Ju W, Kim YH, Kim HJ. Increased sialylation and reduced fucosylation of exfoliated cervical cells are potential markers of carcinogenesis in the cervix. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 54:1811-1819. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2015-1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground:The Pap test has been used for over 50 years for primary screening of cervical cancer. There has been no study of glycosylation changes in Pap test samples despite considerable potential of the glycosylation changes as biomarkers for detecting cancerous lesions. In this study, we developed a 96-well platform for enzyme-linked lectin assays (ELLAs) to evaluate glycosylation levels in cervical cells.Methods:A total of 117 samples of exfoliated cervical cells (ECCs) from 37 individuals with normal cytology, 20 with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, 19 with CIN 2, 26 with CIN 3 and 15 with cervical cancer were analyzed by ELLAs. The wells of 96-well plates were coated with lysates of the cervical cells, and sialylation and fucosylation levels were compared between the groups.Results:Sialylation levels increased and fucosylation levels decreased with increasing grade of cervical dysplasia. ELLAs for sialylation [ELLA-Conclusions:The sialylation and fucosylation levels of ECCs as measured by ELLAs have great potential as biomarkers for primary screening of cervical cancer.
Collapse
|
18
|
Christiansen MN, Chik J, Lee L, Anugraham M, Abrahams JL, Packer NH. Cell surface protein glycosylation in cancer. Proteomics 2014; 14:525-46. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maja N. Christiansen
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; Faculty of Science; Biomolecular Frontiers Research Centre; Macquarie University; Sydney Australia
| | - Jenny Chik
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; Faculty of Science; Biomolecular Frontiers Research Centre; Macquarie University; Sydney Australia
| | - Ling Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; Faculty of Science; Biomolecular Frontiers Research Centre; Macquarie University; Sydney Australia
| | - Merrina Anugraham
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; Faculty of Science; Biomolecular Frontiers Research Centre; Macquarie University; Sydney Australia
| | - Jodie L. Abrahams
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; Faculty of Science; Biomolecular Frontiers Research Centre; Macquarie University; Sydney Australia
| | - Nicolle H. Packer
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; Faculty of Science; Biomolecular Frontiers Research Centre; Macquarie University; Sydney Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Häuselmann I, Borsig L. Altered tumor-cell glycosylation promotes metastasis. Front Oncol 2014; 4:28. [PMID: 24592356 PMCID: PMC3923139 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant transformation of cells is associated with aberrant glycosylation presented on the cell-surface. Commonly observed changes in glycan structures during malignancy encompass aberrant expression and glycosylation of mucins; abnormal branching of N-glycans; and increased presence of sialic acid on proteins and glycolipids. Accumulating evidence supports the notion that the presence of certain glycan structures correlates with cancer progression by affecting tumor-cell invasiveness, ability to disseminate through the blood circulation and to metastasize in distant organs. During metastasis tumor-cell-derived glycans enable binding to cells in their microenvironment including endothelium and blood constituents through glycan-binding receptors – lectins. In this review, we will discuss current concepts how tumor-cell-derived glycans contribute to metastasis with the focus on three types of lectins: siglecs, galectins, and selectins. Siglecs are present on virtually all hematopoietic cells and usually negatively regulate immune responses. Galectins are mostly expressed by tumor cells and support tumor-cell survival. Selectins are vascular adhesion receptors that promote tumor-cell dissemination. All lectins facilitate interactions within the tumor microenvironment and thereby promote cancer progression. The identification of mechanisms how tumor glycans contribute to metastasis may help to improve diagnosis, prognosis, and aid to develop clinical strategies to prevent metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Häuselmann
- Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Lubor Borsig
- Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich , Zürich , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Tumor cells exhibit striking changes in cell surface glycosylation as a consequence of dysregulated glycosyltransferases and glycosidases. In particular, an increase in the expression of certain sialylated glycans is a prominent feature of many transformed cells. Altered sialylation has long been associated with metastatic cell behaviors including invasion and enhanced cell survival; however, there is limited information regarding the molecular details of how distinct sialylated structures or sialylated carrier proteins regulate cell signaling to control responses such as adhesion/migration or resistance to specific apoptotic pathways. The goal of this review is to highlight selected examples of sialylated glycans for which there is some knowledge of molecular mechanisms linking aberrant sialylation to critical processes involved in metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Schultz
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, MCLM 982A 1918 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294-0005, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hu Y, Desantos-Garcia JL, Mechref Y. Comparative glycomic profiling of isotopically permethylated N-glycans by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:865-77. [PMID: 23495056 PMCID: PMC3673025 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mass spectrometry based comparative glycomics is essential for disease biomarker discovery. However, developing a reliable quantification method is still a challenging task. METHODS We here report an isotopic labeling strategy employing stable isotopic iodomethane for comparative glycomic profiling by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS). N-Glycans released from model glycoproteins and blood serum samples were permethylated with iodomethane ('light') and iodomethane-d1 or -d3 ('heavy') reagents. Permethylated samples were then mixed at equal volumes prior to LC/ESI-MS analysis. RESULTS Peak intensity ratios of N-glycans isotopically permethylated (Heavy/Light, H/L) were almost equal to the theoretical values. Observed differences were mainly related to the purity of 'heavy' iodomethane reagents (iodomethane-d1 or -d3). The data suggested the efficacy of this strategy to simultaneously quantify N-glycans derived from biological samples representing different cohorts. Accordingly, this strategy is effective in comparing multiple samples in a single LC/ESI-MS analysis. The potential of this strategy for defining glycomic differences in blood serum samples representing different esophageal diseases was explored. CONCLUSIONS LC/ESI-MS comparative glycomic profiling of isotopically permethylated N-glycans derived from biological samples and glycoproteins reliably defined glycan changes associated with biological conditions or glycoproteins expression. As a biological application, this strategy permitted the reliable quantification of glycomic changes associated with different esophageal diseases, including high grade dysplasia, Barrett's disease, and esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yehia Mechref
- Corresponding author: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, , Tel: 806-742-3059, Fax: 806-742-1289
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tumor-associated glycans and their role in gynecological cancers: accelerating translational research by novel high-throughput approaches. Metabolites 2012; 2:913-39. [PMID: 24957768 PMCID: PMC3901231 DOI: 10.3390/metabo2040913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycans are important partners in many biological processes, including carcinogenesis. The rapidly developing field of functional glycomics becomes one of the frontiers of biology and biomedicine. Aberrant glycosylation of proteins and lipids occurs commonly during malignant transformation and leads to the expression of specific tumor-associated glycans. The appearance of aberrant glycans on carcinoma cells is typically associated with grade, invasion, metastasis and overall poor prognosis. Cancer-associated carbohydrates are mostly located on the surface of cancer cells and are therefore potential diagnostic biomarkers. Currently, there is increasing interest in cancer-associated aberrant glycosylation, with growing numbers of characteristic cancer targets being detected every day. Breast and ovarian cancer are the most common and lethal malignancies in women, respectively, and potential glycan biomarkers hold promise for early detection and targeted therapies. However, the acceleration of research and comprehensive multi-target investigation of cancer-specific glycans could only be successfully achieved with the help of a combination of novel high-throughput glycomic approaches.
Collapse
|
23
|
Julien S, Videira PA, Delannoy P. Sialyl-tn in cancer: (how) did we miss the target? Biomolecules 2012; 2:435-66. [PMID: 24970145 PMCID: PMC4030860 DOI: 10.3390/biom2040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialyl-Tn antigen (STn) is a short O-glycan containing a sialic acid residue α2,6-linked to GalNAcα-O-Ser/Thr. The biosynthesis of STn is mediated by a specific sialyltransferase termed ST6GalNAc I, which competes with O-glycans elongating glycosyltransferases and prevents cancer cells from exhibiting longer O-glycans. While weakly expressed by fetal and normal adult tissues, STn is expressed by more than 80% of human carcinomas and in all cases, STn detection is associated with adverse outcome and decreased overall survival for the patients. Because of its pan-carcinoma expression associated with an adverse outcome, an anti-cancer vaccine, named Theratope, has been designed towards the STn epitope. In spite of the great enthusiasm around this immunotherapy, Theratope failed on Phase III clinical trial. However, in lieu of missing this target, one should consider to revise the Theratope design and the actual facts. In this review, we highlight the many lessons that can be learned from this failure from the immunological standpoint, as well as from the drug design and formulation and patient selection. Moreover, an irrefutable knowledge is arising from novel immunotherapies targeting other carbohydrate antigens and STn carrier proteins, such as MUC1, that will warrantee the future development of more successful anti-STn immunotherapy strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Julien
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, UMR CNRS 8576, University of Sciences and Technologies of Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Paula A Videira
- CEDOC, Departamento de Imunologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Philippe Delannoy
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, UMR CNRS 8576, University of Sciences and Technologies of Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Different levels of sialyl-Tn antigen expressed on MUC16 in patients with endometriosis and ovarian cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2012; 22:531-8. [PMID: 22367369 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0b013e3182473292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although CA125 antigen is a useful marker for ovarian cancer, its expression is also elevated in endometriosis. The purpose of this study was to develop an assay method for evaluating differentially glycosylated MUC16 (CA125 core protein) in patients with endometriosis and ovarian cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prepared MUC16-enriched fractions from peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis and conditioned medium of ovarian carcinoma-3 cells by gel filtration, and evaluated the expression of sialyl-Le, Tn, and sialyl-Tn antigens by dot blot analysis. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to measure the level of sialyl-Tn antigen expressed on MUC16 (sTn/MUC16). The level of sTn/MUC16 was compared between patients with endometriosis (n = 21) and ovarian cancer (n = 36) and in ovarian cancers with different clinical diagnostic criteria. Furthermore, distribution of MUC16 and sialyl-Tn antigen in ovarian cancer tissues was observed immunohistochemically. RESULTS Sialyl-Tn antigen was markedly detectable in the MUC16-enriched fractions from conditioned medium of ovarian carcinoma-3 cells but negligible in those from the peritoneal fluid of the patients with endometriosis. The level of sTn/MUC16 determined by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was significantly higher in the patients with ovarian cancer than that in the patients with endometriosis (P < 0.001). An elevated level of sTn/MUC16 was detected in 44% of the patients with ovarian cancer but not all the patients with endometriosis. This level increased more prominently in the patients with ovarian cancer than that of MUC16 as both the clinical stage and cytological grade advanced. An elevated level of sTn/MUC16 was frequently found in the patients with serous and endometrioid carcinomas. Consistent with this, sialyl-Tn antigen was colocalized with MUC16 in serous and endometrioid ovarian cancer tissues. CONCLUSIONS Estimation of the sTn/MUC16 level may be useful for discriminating endometriosis from ovarian cancer and for evaluating the clinical stage, cytological grade, and histological type of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
|
25
|
Patankar MS, Gubbels JAA, Felder M, Connor JP. The immunomodulating roles of glycoproteins in epithelial ovarian cancer. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2012; 4:631-50. [PMID: 22201900 DOI: 10.2741/405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of the immune system demands an intricate defense mechanism by tumors. Ovarian and other tumors employ specific glycoproteins and the associated glycan sequences to modulate immune responses. Glycoproteins enable tumor cells that express or secrete these molecules to evade immune cell attack and induce the immune system to promote tumor growth. This review focuses first on the immune environment in ovarian cancer, and the mechanisms of activation and inhibition that immune cells undergo in order to either attack or ignore a target cell. Next we illustrate the immunomodulatory roles of ovarian cancer-associated glycans and glycoproteins in 1. preventing immune synapse formation, 2. serving as ligands of immune cell receptors, 3. scavenging cytokines and chemokines, and 4. participating in the formation of autoantibodies against the tumor. The importance of these immunomodulating strategies from the view points of understanding the tumor immunology of ovarian tumors, potential origin of such mechanisms, and specific strategies to circumvent the glycoconjugate-mediated suppression of immune responses is discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manish S Patankar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53792-6188, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Machado E, Kandzia S, Carilho R, Altevogt P, Conradt HS, Costa J. N-Glycosylation of total cellular glycoproteins from the human ovarian carcinoma SKOV3 cell line and of recombinantly expressed human erythropoietin. Glycobiology 2010; 21:376-86. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwq170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
27
|
Jin S, Cheng Y, Reid S, Li M, Wang B. Carbohydrate recognition by boronolectins, small molecules, and lectins. Med Res Rev 2010; 30:171-257. [PMID: 19291708 PMCID: PMC2829346 DOI: 10.1002/med.20155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are known to mediate a large number of biological and pathological events. Small and macromolecules capable of carbohydrate recognition have great potentials as research tools, diagnostics, vectors for targeted delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents, and therapeutic agents. However, this potential is far from being realized. One key issue is the difficulty in the development of "binders" capable of specific recognition of carbohydrates of biological relevance. This review discusses systematically the general approaches that are available in developing carbohydrate sensors and "binders/receptors," and their applications. The focus is on discoveries during the last 5 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098, USA
| | - Yunfeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098, USA
| | - Suazette Reid
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098, USA
| | - Minyong Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098, USA
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Helpman L, Katz BZ, Safra T, Schreiber L, Levine Z, Nemzer S, Kinar Y, Grisaru D. Systematic antigenic profiling of hematopoietic antigens on ovarian carcinoma cells identifies membrane proteins for targeted therapy development. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 201:196.e1-7. [PMID: 19646570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2008] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 05/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We studied ovarian cancers for the expression of membrane markers of hematopoietic origin. STUDY DESIGN We used flow cytometry to systematically characterize the expression of more than 30 hematologic antigens on ovarian carcinoma cell lines and to assess their stability under estrogen exposure. The expression of the antigens was validated by a bioinformatics survey and immunohistochemical staining of ovarian cancer specimens. RESULTS Several antigens were expressed by the majority of the cells, such as CD15, CD71, and CD138, whereas others were found on small and distinct cellular subpopulations. The expression patterns of the different markers were unaffected by estrogen exposure, indicating their stability. CONCLUSION The antigens described in our work may serve as potential targets for new and existing targeted drugs.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Computational Biology
- Drug Design
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Hematopoiesis
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lewis X Antigen/genetics
- Lewis X Antigen/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/therapy
- Receptors, Transferrin/genetics
- Receptors, Transferrin/metabolism
- Syndecan-1/genetics
- Syndecan-1/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Limor Helpman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Identification of mRNA splicing factors as the endothelial receptor for carbohydrate-dependent lung colonization of cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:3095-100. [PMID: 19218444 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0810110106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell surfaces of epithelial cancer are covered by complex carbohydrates, whose structures function in malignancy and metastasis. However, the mechanism underlying carbohydrate-dependent cancer metastasis has not been defined. Previously, we identified a carbohydrate-mimicry peptide designated I-peptide, which inhibits carbohydrate-dependent lung colonization of sialyl Lewis X-expressing B16-FTIII-M cells in E/P-selectin doubly-deficient mice. We hypothesized that lung endothelial cells express an unknown carbohydrate receptor, designated as I-peptide receptor (IPR), responsible for lung colonization of B16-FTIII-M cells. Here, we visualized IPR by in vivo biotinylation, which revealed that the major IPR is a group of 35-kDa proteins. IPR proteins isolated by I-peptide affinity chromatography were identified by proteomics as Ser/Arg-rich alternative pre-mRNA splicing factors or Sfrs1, Sfrs2, Sfrs5, and Sfrs7 gene products. Bacterially expressed Sfrs1 protein bound to B16-FTIII-M cells but not to parental B16 cells. Recombinant Sfrs1 protein bound to a series of fucosylated oligosaccharides in glycan array and plate-binding assays. When anti-Sfrs antibodies were injected intravenously into mice, antibodies labeled a subset of lung capillaries. Anti-Sfrs antibodies inhibited homing of I-peptide-displaying phage to the lung colonization of B16-FTIII-M cells in vivo in the mouse. These results strongly suggest that Sfrs proteins are responsible for fucosylated carbohydrate-dependent lung metastasis of epithelial cancers.
Collapse
|
30
|
Baldus SE, Engelmann K, Hanisch FG. MUC1 and the MUCs: A Family of Human Mucins with Impact in Cancer Biology. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2008; 41:189-231. [PMID: 15270554 DOI: 10.1080/10408360490452040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mucins represent a family of glycoproteins characterized by repeat domains and a dense O-glycosylation. During the last two decades, the gene and peptide structures of various mucins as well as their glycosylation states were partly elucidated. Characteristic tumor-associated alterations of the expression patterns and glycosylation profiles were observed in biochemical, immunochemical, and histological studies and are discussed in the light of efforts to use the most prominent member in this family, MUC1, as a tumor target in anti-tumor strategies. Within this context the present review, focusing on MUC1, describes recent work on the regulation of mucin biosynthesis by cytokines and hormones, the role of mucins in cell adhesion, and their interaction with the immune system. Important aspects of clinical diagnostics based on mucin antigens are discussed, including the application of tumor serum assays and the significance of numerous studies revealing correlations between the expression of peptide cores or mucin-associated carbohydrates and clinicopathological parameters like tumor progression and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan E Baldus
- Institute of Pathology and Center of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dong P, Nabeshima K, Nishimura N, Kawakami T, Hachisuga T, Kawarabayashi T, Iwasaki H. Overexpression and diffuse expression pattern of IQGAP1 at invasion fronts are independent prognostic parameters in ovarian carcinomas. Cancer Lett 2006; 243:120-7. [PMID: 16387427 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2005] [Revised: 09/01/2005] [Accepted: 11/22/2005] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
IQGAP1 is a multifunctional protein involved in actin cytoskeleton assembly and E-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion. To determine the role of IQGAP1 in ovarian tumors, we evaluated IQGAP1 expression by immunohistochemistry in 17 adenomas, 30 borderline tumors and 80 adenocarcinomas and its relation with patient survival. IQGAP1 was overexpressed in adenocarcinomas compared with adenomas and borderline tumors. Enhanced immunostaining in invasive tumor fronts was categorized as focal or diffuse. The diffuse expression pattern correlated with high histological grade and clinicopathological stages. IQGAP1 overexpression and diffuse invasion pattern were significantly associated with poor prognosis by multivariate analysis. Our findings suggest the involvement of IQGAP1 in the progression and spread of ovarian adenocarcinomas. Overexpression and diffuse expression pattern of IQGAP1 are potentially useful independent molecular predictors of highly aggressive ovarian carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Dong
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University Hospital and School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Manimala JC, Li Z, Jain A, VedBrat S, Gildersleeve JC. Carbohydrate Array Analysis of Anti-Tn Antibodies and Lectins Reveals Unexpected Specificities: Implications for Diagnostic and Vaccine Development. Chembiochem 2005; 6:2229-41. [PMID: 16252298 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200500165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The Tn antigen is a carbohydrate antigen expressed in most carcinomas, during embryogenesis, on pathogenic parasites, and on HIV. It has been evaluated extensively as a potential diagnostic marker and several Tn-based vaccines are in clinical trials. Based on discrepancies in the literature regarding Tn expression, we began to question whether antibodies and lectins used routinely to detect the Tn antigen were providing accurate information. To investigate this possibility, a carbohydrate microarray and a highly sensitive assay were developed and three frequently used Tn receptors (HBTn1, Bric111, and VVL-B4) were evaluated. Carbohydrate-array analysis revealed unexpected cross-reactivity with other human carbohydrate epitopes. VVL-B4 bound the Tn antigen, GalNAcalpha1-6Gal, and GalNAcalpha1-3Gal. Bric111 bound the Tn antigen, blood group A, GalNAcalpha1-6Gal, and GalNAcalpha1-3Gal. HBTn1 showed the best selectivity, but still displayed moderate binding to blood group A. Implications for the development of Tn-based diagnostics and vaccines are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Manimala
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, NCI-Frederick, 376 Boyles Street, Building 376, Room109, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Julien S, Adriaenssens E, Ottenberg K, Furlan A, Courtand G, Vercoutter-Edouart AS, Hanisch FG, Delannoy P, Le Bourhis X. ST6GalNAc I expression in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells greatly modifies their O-glycosylation pattern and enhances their tumourigenicity. Glycobiology 2005; 16:54-64. [PMID: 16135558 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwj033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialyl-Tn is a carbohydrate antigen overexpressed in several epithelial cancers, including breast cancer, and usually associated with poor prognosis. Sialyl-Tn is synthesized by a CMP-Neu5Ac:GalNAcalpha2,6-sialyltransferase: CMP-Neu5Ac: R-GalNAcalpha1-O-Ser/Thr alpha2,6-sialyltransferase (EC 2.4.99.3) (ST6GalNAc I), which transfers a sialic acid residue in alpha2,6-linkage to the GalNAcalpha1-O-Ser/Thr structure. However, established breast cancer cell lines express neither ST6GalNAc I nor sialyl-Tn. We have previously shown that stable transfection of MDA-MB-231, a human breast cancer cell line, with ST6GalNAc I cDNA induces sialyl-Tn antigen (STn) expression. We report here the modifications of the O-glycosylation pattern of a MUC1-related recombinant protein secreted by MDA-MB-231 sialyl-Tn positive cells. We also show that sialyl-Tn expression and concomitant changes in the overall O-glycan profiles induce a decrease of adhesion and an increase of migration of MDA-MB-231. Moreover, STn positive clones exhibit an increased tumour growth in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. These observations suggest that modification of the O-glycosylation pattern induced by ST6GalNAc I expression are sufficient to enhance the tumourigenicity of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Julien
- Centre Commun de Mesures Imagerie Cellulaire, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Julien S, Lagadec C, Krzewinski-Recchi MA, Courtand G, Le Bourhis X, Delannoy P. Stable expression of sialyl-Tn antigen in T47-D cells induces a decrease of cell adhesion and an increase of cell migration. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2005; 90:77-84. [PMID: 15770530 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-004-3137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Sialyl-Tn is a carbohydrate antigen overexpressed in several epithelial cancers including breast cancer, and usually associated with poor prognosis. Sialyl-Tn is synthesized by a CMP-Neu5Ac: GalNAc alpha2,6-sialyltransferase: ST6GalNAc I, which catalyzes the transfer of a sialic acid residue in alpha2,6-linkage to the GalNAcalpha1-O-Ser/Thr structure. The resulting disaccharide (Neu5Acalpha2-6GalNAcalpha1-O-Ser/Thr) cannot be further elongated and sialyl-Tn expression results therefore in a shortening of the O-glycan chains. However, usual breast cancer cell lines express neither ST6GalNAc I nor sialyl-Tn antigen. We have previously shown that stable transfection of MDA-MB-231 cells with the hST6GalNAc I cDNA induces the sialyl-Tn antigen expression at the cell surface and leads to a decreased cell growth and an increased cell migration. We describe herein the generation of new T47-D clones expressing sialyl-Tn antigen after hST6GalNAc I cDNA stable transfection. sialyl-Tn antigen is carried by several high molecular weight membrane bound O-glycoproteins, including MUC1. We show that sialyl-Tn expression induces a decrease of cell growth and adhesion, and an increase of cell migration in sialyl-Tn positive clones compared to mock transfected cells. These observations show that the alteration of the O-glycans pattern is sufficient to modify the biological features of cancer cells. These T47-D sialyl-Tn expressing clones might allow further in vivo investigation to determine precisely the impact of such O-glycosylation modifications on breast cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Julien
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR CNRS no. 8576, GDR CNRS no. 2590, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Vázquez-Martín C, Cuevas E, Gil-Martín E, Fernández-Briera A. Correlation analysis between tumor-associated antigen sialyl-Tn expression and ST6GalNAc I activity in human colon adenocarcinoma. Oncology 2004; 67:159-65. [PMID: 15539921 DOI: 10.1159/000081003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2003] [Accepted: 02/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sialyl-Tn (sTn) is a mucin carbohydrate-associated antigen that is strongly expressed in a large number of colorectal carcinomas. In this study, we combined immunohistochemical and enzymatic techniques in order to find the correlation between sTn tissue expression and the sialyltransferase activity (ST6GalNAc I) responsible for its synthesis in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. METHODS We compared sTn expression in healthy (n = 46), tumorous (n = 60) and transitional tissue (n = 46) from CRC patients, and correlated sTn altered expression with clinicopathologic variables of the patient. Furthermore, we determined ST6GalNAc I tissue activity employing asialo-ovine submaxillary mucin (asialo-OSM) as glycoprotein acceptor (n = 27). RESULTS The rates of sTn positive expression obtained for healthy, tumorous and transitional tissues were 15, 67 and 63%, respectively. These rates led to statistically significant differences between healthy and tumorous or transitional tissue (p = 0.001); sTn expression was related to the first stages of the tumor invasion in transitional tissue. As regards ST6GalNAc I activity, we found an enhancement in transitional tissue. Statistical correlation analysis did not reveal association between sTn expression and ST6GalNAc I activity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that sTn antigen tissue expression and ST6GalNAc I activity levels were not correlated in CRC, in spite of the overexpression of the antigen in tumorous and transitional tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Vázquez-Martín
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Semczuk A, Paszkowska A, Miturski R, Skomra D, Cybulski M, Jakowicki JA, Berbec H. Sialosyl-Tn expression in normal and pathological conditions of human endometrium. An immunohistochemical study. Pathol Res Pract 2003; 198:589-95. [PMID: 12440781 DOI: 10.1078/0344-0338-00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To assess the clinico-prognostic relevance of the cell surface carbohydrate glycoprotein in normal and pathological conditions of human endometrium, Sialosyl-Tn (STn) antigen was immunohistochemically studied in normal (n = 10), hyperplastic (n = 18), and neoplastic (n = 60) endometrial lesions. There was no STn antigen reactivity in the proliferative endometrial slides, while weak staining was observed in all secretory endometria. STn expression was noted in 8/18 (44%) hyperplastic endometrial cases and in 40/60 (67%) endometrial carcinomas. Positive staining was observed throughout the cytoplasm of the glandular cancer cells, at the cell membranes, and in an intraluminar mucus. This antigen was mostly expressed heterogeneously as far as the distribution of positive cells is concerned. There was a statistically significant association between STn expression and the histological grading of cancer (p = 0.019). Advanced clinical stage (III-IV; p = 0.014) and infiltration of the myometrial wall (more than 1/2 of the myometrial wall; p = 0.004), but no STn immunoreactivity, were reported to be independent prognostic variables during follow-up. Our study shows that a) STn is not constantly expressed during the menstrual cycle, and is increased at the secretory phase of the cycle; b) Sialosyl-Tn reactivity decreases with the degree of tumor differentiation, but there was no relationship with other clinicopathological variables of cancer; c) this cell surface carbohydrate glycoprotein does not appear to predict the outcome of endometrial cancer patients.
Collapse
|
37
|
Davidson B, Goldberg I, Gotlieb WH, Kopolovic J, Ben-Baruch G, Nesland JM, Reich R. The prognostic value of metalloproteinases and angiogenic factors in ovarian carcinoma. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2002; 187:39-45. [PMID: 11988310 DOI: 10.1016/s0303-7207(01)00709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the correlation between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and angiogenic genes and survival in advanced-stage ovarian carcinomas. Primary and metastatic ovarian carcinomas from patients diagnosed with FIGO stage III-IV disease and followed up to 20 years were studied using mRNA in situ hybridization (ISH). Expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, membrane-type 1-MMP (MT1-MMP), the MMP inhibitor TIMP-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was studied. MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 mRNA was detected in both tumor and stromal cells, while MT1-MMP was largely confined to tumor cells. In univariate analysis of primary tumors, TIMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA expression correlated with poor outcome. In metastatic lesions, mRNA expression of TIMP-2, MMP-2, and MT1-MMP correlated with poor survival. In a multivariate analysis of primary tumors, TIMP-2 expression in stromal cells (P=0.006) and MMP-9 expression in tumor cells (P=0.011) retained their predictive value. Intense expression of bFGF mRNA and weak expression of IL-8 mRNA was detected in both stromal and tumor cells in most cases, while VEGF mRNA expression was limited to a few cases. Angiogenic mRNA expression showed no correlation with disease outcome in survival analysis (P>0.05). We conclude that bFGF is the major angiogenic factor expressed in ovarian carcinoma at the mRNA level. MMP-2, MMP-9, MT1-MMP and TIMP-2 are valid markers of poor survival in advanced-stage ovarian carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Davidson
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello 0310, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Davidson B, Risberg B, Goldberg I, Nesland JM, Berner A, Tropé CG, Kristensen GB, Bryne M, Reich R. Ets-1 mRNA expression in effusions of serous ovarian carcinoma patients is a marker of poor outcome. Am J Surg Pathol 2001; 25:1493-500. [PMID: 11717538 DOI: 10.1097/00000478-200112000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ets-1 proto-oncogene is a transcription factor with a role in the activation of metastasis-associated molecules. We recently found that Ets-1 mRNA expression in solid tumors is a marker of poor prognosis in ovarian carcinoma. The objective of this study was to compare the expression of Ets-1 mRNA in effusions and primary and metastatic tumors of serous ovarian carcinoma patients and to evaluate its prognostic role in effusions. Sections from 67 malignant effusions and 90 primary and metastatic lesions were evaluated for expression of Ets-1 using mRNA in situ hybridization. Expression of Ets-1 mRNA was detected in carcinoma cells in 24 of 67 (36%) effusions. Expression in cancer cells was similar in peritoneal and pleural effusions. In solid lesions Ets-1 expression was detected in both tumor cells and stromal cells in 34 of 90 (38%) lesions. Ets-1 expression in tumor cells showed a strong association with that of stromal cells (p <0.001). Ets-1 expression in effusions showed an association with mRNA expression of basic fibroblast growth factor, previously studied in this patient cohort (p = 0.019). Ets-1 expression in solid lesions showed an association with mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (p <0.001 for both carcinoma and stromal cells), basic fibroblast growth factor (p = 0.007 for carcinoma cells, p = 0.006 for stromal cells), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) (p = 0.001 for tumor cells). Ets-1 mRNA showed upregulation in metastases when compared with effusion specimens (p = 0.028). In univariate survival analysis Ets-1 expression in carcinoma cells in effusions correlated with poor survival (p = 0.003). Our findings confirm the role of Ets-1 as a novel prognostic marker in advanced-stage ovarian carcinoma and extend it to effusion specimens. The elevated expression in solid metastases supports a central role in tumor progression as well. The association between Ets-1 mRNA expression and the expression of angiogenic genes, documented also in our previous study, points to the close link between these molecules, in agreement with the role of angiogenic genes in the transcriptional activation of Ets-1. The identical phenotype of carcinoma cells in pleural and peritoneal effusions provides further evidence for our theory that cells at these sites share similar genotypic and phenotypic profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Davidson
- Department of Pathology, the Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Monzavi-Karbassi B, Cunto-Amesty G, Luo P, Shamloo S, Blaszcyk-Thurin M, Kieber-Emmons T. Immunization with a carbohydrate mimicking peptide augments tumor-specific cellular responses. Int Immunol 2001; 13:1361-71. [PMID: 11675368 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/13.11.1361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The metastatic potential of some tumor cells is associated with the expression of the neolactoseries antigens sialyl-Lewis x (sLex) and sialyl-Lewis a (sLea) as they are ligands for selectins. We have recently shown that peptide mimetics of these antigens can potentiate IgG2a antibodies, which are associated with a Th1-type cellular response. As L-selectin is preferentially expressed on CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ T cell populations, specific induction of these phenotypes could augment a response to L-selectin ligand-expressing tumor cells. Here we demonstrate that immunization with a multiple antigen peptide (MAP) mimetic of sugar constituents of neolactoseries antigens induces a MHC-dependent peptide-specific cellular response that triggers IFN-gamma production upon peptide stimulation, correlating with IgG2a induction. Surprisingly, T lymphocytes from peptide-immunized animals were activated in vitro by sLex, also triggering IFN-gamma production in a MHC-dependent manner. Stimulation by peptide or carbohydrate resulted in loss of L-selectin on CD4+ T cells confirming a Th1 phenotype. We also observed an enhancement in cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity in vitro against sLex-expressing Meth A cells using effector cells from Meth A-primed/peptide-boosted animals. CTL activity was inhibited by both anti-MHC class I and anti-L-selectin antibodies. These results further support a role for L-selectin in tumor rejection along with the engagement by the TCR for most likely processed tumor-associated glycopeptides, focusing on peptide mimetics as a means to induce carbohydrate reactive cellular responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Monzavi-Karbassi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Davidson B, Goldberg I, Kopolovic J, Gotlieb WH, Givant-Horwitz V, Nesland JM, Berner A, Ben-Baruch G, Bryne M, Reich R. Expression of angiogenesis-related genes in ovarian carcinoma--a clinicopathologic study. Clin Exp Metastasis 2001; 18:501-7. [PMID: 11592307 DOI: 10.1023/a:1011858225144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenic factors play a role in tumor growth and spread. The object of this study was to analyze the correlation between mRNA expression of angiogenesis-related genes and disease outcome in advanced-stage ovarian carcinomas. Sections from 66 primary ovarian carcinomas and metastatic lesions from 41 patients diagnosed with advanced stage ovarian carcinoma (FIGO stages III-IV) were evaluated for expression of basic fibroblast factor (bFGF), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) using mRNA In Situ Hybridization (ISH). Patients were divided in two groups based on disease outcome. Long-term survivors (17 patients) and short-term survivors (24 patients) were defined using a double cut-off of 36 months for disease-free survival (DFS) and 60 months for overall survival (OS). Mean follow-up period was 70 months. The mean values for DFS and OS were 116 and 133 months for long-term survivors, as compared to 3 and 21 months for short-term survivors, respectively. Expression of bFGF mRNA, most often intense, was detected in tumor and stromal cells in the majority of cases. Weak expression of IL-8 mRNA was detected in both cell compartments, while VEGF mRNA expression was limited to few cases. Primary tumors displayed higher bFGF and IL-8 mRNA expression. However, these differences did not reach statistical significance (P > 0.05). bFGF, IL-8 and VEGF mRNA expression in both tumor and stromal cells was comparable in tumors of long-term and short-term survivors, and showed no correlation with disease outcome in survival analysis (P > 0.05). bFGF is the major angiogenic factor expressed in ovarian carcinoma at the mRNA level. mRNA expression of VEGF, bFGF, and IL-8 does not appear to be a predictor of disease outcome in advanced-stage ovarian carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Davidson
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, Oslo
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Davidson B, Nesland JM, Goldberg I, Kopolovic J, Gotlieb WH, Bryne M, Ben-Baruch G, Berner A, Reich R. Caveolin-1 expression in advanced-stage ovarian carcinoma--a clinicopathologic study. Gynecol Oncol 2001; 81:166-71. [PMID: 11330944 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.2001.6156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation among the expression of caveolin-1, the protein constituent of caveolae, and disease outcome in advanced-stage ovarian carcinomas. METHODS Sections from 76 primary ovarian carcinomas and metastatic lesions from 45 patients diagnosed with advanced-stage ovarian carcinoma (FIGO stages III-IV) were evaluated for caveolin-1 expression using immunohistochemistry. Patients were divided into long-term survivors and short-term survivors based on disease outcome. Twenty nonneoplastic fallopian tubes and ovaries were additionally studied. RESULTS The mean follow-up period was 70 months. The mean values for disease-free survival and overall survival were 109 and 125 months for long-term survivors, compared to 3 and 21 months for short-term survivors, respectively. Caveolin-1 expression was localized to the cell membrane in 24/76 (32%) specimens and was detected in the cytoplasm in 52/76 (68%) cases. Both patterns were more often detected in metastases, when compared with primary tumors. In addition, membrane immunoreactivity was more often seen in tumor of short-term survivors. These differences did not reach statistical significance (P > 0.05). Combined membrane and cytoplasmic immunoreactivity was seen in 17/20 (85%) nonneoplastic lesions. Despite its role in tyrosine-kinase-mediated signal transduction in vitro studies, caveolin-1 expression in carcinomas showed no association with the protein expression of c-erbB-2 and epidermal growth factor receptor, evaluated in a previous study of this patient cohort. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first in vivo evidence of caveolin-1 membrane expression in human malignancies. Caveolin-1 is often expressed in advanced-stage ovarian carcinoma, but does not appear to be a powerful predictor of disease outcome in these tumors. The reduced expression level in carcinomas compared to nonneoplastic epithelium may point to a role for caveolin-1 as a tumor suppressor gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Davidson
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, Oslo N-0310, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Le Pendu J, Marionneau S, Cailleau-Thomas A, Rocher J, Le Moullac-Vaidye B, Clément M. ABH and Lewis histo-blood group antigens in cancer. APMIS 2001; 109:9-31. [PMID: 11297197 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2001.tb00011.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antigens of the ABH and Lewis histo-blood group family can be found on many normal cells, mainly of epithelial type. In carcinomas, altered expression of the various carbohydrate epitopes of this family occur, and are often strongly associated with either a good or bad prognosis. A review of the available data on these tumor-associated markers, their biosynthesis and their prognostic value is proposed here. For a long time it has been unclear whether their presence could affect the behavior of carcinoma cells. Recent data, however, indicate that they play biological roles in the course of tumor progression. The presence of sialyl-Le(a) or sialyl-Le(x), which are ligands for selectins, promotes the metastatic process by facilitating interaction with the endothelium of distant organs. The loss of A and B antigens increases cellular motility, while the presence of H epitopes increases resistance to apoptosis by mechanisms that remain to be defined. The Le(y) antigen has procoagulant and angiogenic activities. All these observations are used to present a model that may account for the described associations between the presence or loss of these markers and the outcome of disease. Finally, their potential clinical applications as tumor-associated markers or as targets of immunotherapy are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Le Pendu
- INSERM U419, Institute of Biology, Nantes, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Davidson B, Gotlieb WH, Ben-Baruch G, Nesland JM, Bryne M, Goldberg I, Kopolovic J, Berner A. E-Cadherin complex protein expression and survival in ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2000; 79:362-71. [PMID: 11104606 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.2000.5964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between expression of E-cadherin complex proteins, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and c-erbB-2 and disease outcome in advanced-stage ovarian carcinomas. METHODS Sections from 75 primary ovarian carcinomas (=37) and metastatic lesions (=38) from 45 patients diagnosed with advanced-stage ovarian carcinoma (FIGO stage III-IV) were immunostained and evaluated for staining pattern, extent, and intensity. Patients were divided in two groups based on disease outcome. Long-term survivors (21 patients) and short-term survivors (24 patients) were defined using a double cutoff of 36 months for disease-free survival (DFS) and 60 months for overall survival (OS). Mean follow-up period was 70 months. The mean values for DFS and OS were 109 and 125 months for long-term survivors, as compared to 3 and 21 months for short-term survivors, respectively. RESULTS Comparison of all primary and metastatic lesions showed upregulation of gamma-catenin protein expression in the latter (P = 0.05). When segregated according to disease outcome, the expression of all studied proteins, with the exception of EGFR, was more diffuse in tumors of short-term survivors. The presence of cytoplasmic staining for c-erbB-2 was associated with poor survival in the entire cohort (P = 0.007), as well as in primary tumors alone (P = 0.003), in survival analysis. Similar results were seen in the evaluation of primary tumors for gamma-catenin (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS gamma-Catenin, and possibly c-erbB-2, are valid markers of poor survival in advanced-stage ovarian carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Davidson
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, Oslo, N-0310, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|