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Reich O, Regauer S, Gutierrez AL, Kashofer K. Copy Number Profiling Implicates Thin High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions as a True Precursor of Cervical Human Papillomavirus-Induced Squamous Cell Cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 104:102108. [PMID: 38977078 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2024.102108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Full-thickness high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) are precursors of invasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The World Health Organization and Lower Anogenital Squamous Terminology Standardization Project for human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated lesions divide full-thickness HSIL of the cervix into thin HSIL with thickness of 1 to 9 cell layers and the typical full-thickness HSIL of >10 cell layers. Although HPV oncogene transcripts and p16ink4a overexpression, as markers of transforming HPV infection, are detectable in thin HSIL, the biological significance of thin HSIL in cervical carcinogenesis remains poorly understood. To further characterize thin HSIL, we performed a comparative study of chromosomal copy number variations (CNV), an analysis of dysregulated genes present in the segments with CNV, and a generalized genetic complexity calculation for 31 thin HSIL, 31 thick HSIL, 24 microinvasive SCC (pT1a SCC), and 22 highly invasive SCC samples. Thin HSIL share various CNV and specific dysregulated gene pathways with thick HSIL and invasive SCC. Thin HSIL exhibited an average CNV of 11.6% compared with 14.1% for thick HSIL, 15.5% for pT1a SCC, and 26.6% for highly invasive SCC. The CNV included gains at 1q and 3q (40% and 43%, respectively), partial loss of 3p, and loss of chromosomes 11 (18%), 16 (50%), 20 (35%), and 22 (40%). Pathways affected solely in thin HSIL were those enhancing immune evasion and primarily involved the (interleukin) IL6, IL21, and IL23 genes. ILs are transiently upregulated in response to infection and play a crucial role in mounting antitumor T-cell activity. Deregulation reflects an attempt by the HPV to evade the initial immune response of the host. The primary pathways shared by thick HSIL and invasive SCC were interactions between lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells, NOTCH2 signaling, tight junction interactions (primarily of the claudin family), and FGR2 alternative splicing. Our results show that thin HSIL carry similar genetic changes as thick HSIL and SCC, indicating that thin HSIL are true precursor lesions that can progress to thick HSIL and SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Reich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sigrid Regauer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ariadna Lara Gutierrez
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Karl Kashofer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Srivastava S, Shahi UP, Divya A, Gupta S, Singh I, Roy JK. Downregulated Expression of WWOX in Cervical Carcinoma: A Case-Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2021; 9:273-288. [PMID: 33688485 PMCID: PMC7936073 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.9.4.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Integration of human papilloma virus (HPV) in human genome is a random event, and fragile sites are one of the most susceptible sites for viral integrations. WWOX (WW-domain containing oxidoreductase) gene harbours the second most common fragile site, FRA16D, and can be an important candidate for HPV integration and cervical carcinogenesis. Our aim was to evaluate the potential role of WWOX in cervical carcinogenesis. Presence of HPV and its genotype was detected by PCR in normal cervix tissues and human cervical carcinoma. The expression of WWOX transcript and its protein was examined by RT-PCR, RNA in situ hybridization, and immunoblotting. Southern blotting and sequencing were used to determine the alternative transcripts of WWOX. Statistical analysis were performed by Mann Whitney U-test, Pearson correlation coefficient test at significance level of P value < 0.05. Prevalence of HPV was observed in cervicitis (40%), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia patients (50%), and invasive cervical carcinoma patients (89.6%). Clinicopathological findings suggested a correlation of reduced level of WWOX protein and progression of cervical carcinoma deciphering its role in tumorigenesis. Furthermore, we observed aberrant WWOX transcript having deleted exon 6-8 region in invasive cervical cancer tissues as well as normal cervix samples. More than 60% of cervical carcinoma samples showed reduced protein level with an increase in wild type transcript level suggesting the involvement of a negative regulator, pAck1 (activated Cdc42- associated kinase) which might ubiquitinate WWOX protein leading to its degradation. Also, nuclear retention of WWOX transcript in invasive cervical carcinoma tissues suggests its regulation at post-transcriptional level. Our findings suggest that WWOX acts as a tumor suppressor in cervical carcinoma and could act as a potential therapeutic target for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Srivastava
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Uday Pratap Shahi
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Arti Divya
- Indian Railways Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Varanasi, India
| | - Sadhana Gupta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Indu Singh
- Apollo Clinic, Mehmoorganj, Varanasi, India
| | - Jagat Kumar Roy
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Cardoso MDFS, Castelletti CHM, Lima-Filho JLD, Martins DBG, Teixeira JAC. Putative biomarkers for cervical cancer: SNVs, methylation and expression profiles. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 773:161-173. [PMID: 28927526 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is primarily caused by Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, but other factors such as smoking habits, co-infections and genetic background, can also contribute to its development. Although this cancer is avoidable, it is the fourth most frequent type of cancer in females worldwide and can only be treated with chemotherapy and radical surgery. There is a need for biomarkers that will enable early diagnosis and targeted therapy for this type of cancer. Therefore, a systems biology pipeline was applied in order to identify potential biomarkers for cervical cancer, which show significant reports in three molecular aspects: DNA sequence variants, DNA methylation pattern and alterations in mRNA/protein expression levels. CDH1, CDKN2A, RB1 and TP53 genes were selected as putative biomarkers, being involved in metastasis, cell cycle regulation and tumour suppression. Other ten genes (CDH13, FHIT, PTEN, MLH1, TP73, CDKN1A, CACNA2D2, TERT, WIF1, APC) seemed to play a role in cervical cancer, but the lack of studies prevented their inclusion as possible biomarkers. Our results highlight the importance of these genes. However, further studies should be performed to elucidate the impact of DNA sequence variants and/or epigenetic deregulation and altered expression of these genes in cervical carcinogenesis and their potential as biomarkers for cervical cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria de Fátima Senra Cardoso
- Molecular Prospection and Bioinformatics Group (ProspecMol), Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife - PE, 50670-901, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Henrique Madeiros Castelletti
- Molecular Prospection and Bioinformatics Group (ProspecMol), Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife - PE, 50670-901, Brazil; Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco (IPA), Av. General San Martin 1371, Bongi, Recife - PE, 50761-000, Brazil
| | - José Luiz de Lima-Filho
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife - PE, 50670-901, Brazil; Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife - PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Danyelly Bruneska Gondim Martins
- Molecular Prospection and Bioinformatics Group (ProspecMol), Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife - PE, 50670-901, Brazil; Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife - PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - José António Couto Teixeira
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife - PE, 50670-901, Brazil; Department of Biological Engineering, University of Minho (UM), Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Waters CE, Saldivar JC, Hosseini SA, Huebner K. The FHIT gene product: tumor suppressor and genome "caretaker". Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:4577-87. [PMID: 25283145 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The FHIT gene at FRA3B is one of the earliest and most frequently altered genes in the majority of human cancers. It was recently discovered that the FHIT gene is not the most fragile locus in epithelial cells, the cell of origin for most Fhit-negative cancers, eroding support for past claims that deletions at this locus are simply passenger events that are carried along in expanding cancer clones, due to extreme vulnerability to DNA damage rather than to loss of FHIT function. Indeed, recent reports have reconfirmed FHIT as a tumor suppressor gene with roles in apoptosis and prevention of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Other recent works have identified a novel role for the FHIT gene product, Fhit, as a genome "caretaker." Loss of this caretaker function leads to nucleotide imbalance, spontaneous replication stress, and DNA breaks. Because Fhit loss-induced DNA damage is "checkpoint blind," cells accumulate further DNA damage during subsequent cell cycles, accruing global genome instability that could facilitate oncogenic mutation acquisition and expedite clonal expansion. Loss of Fhit activity therefore induces a mutator phenotype. Evidence for FHIT as a mutator gene is discussed in light of these recent investigations of Fhit loss and subsequent genome instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Waters
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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Strazzullo M, Corteggio A, Altamura G, Francioso R, Roperto F, D'Esposito M, Borzacchiello G. Molecular and epigenetic analysis of the fragile histidine triad tumour suppressor gene in equine sarcoids. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:30. [PMID: 22424615 PMCID: PMC3361464 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcoids are peculiar equine benign tumours. Their onset is associated with Bovine Papillomavirus type -1 or -2 (BPV-1/2) infection. Little is known about the molecular interplay between viral infection and neoplastic transformation. The data regarding papillomavirus infections in human species show the inactivation of a number of tumour suppressor genes as basic mechanism of transformation. In this study the putative role of the tumour suppressor gene Fragile Histidine Triad (FHIT) in sarcoid tumour was investigated in different experimental models. The expression of the oncosuppressor protein was assessed in normal and sarcoid cells and tissue. Results Nine paraffin embedded sarcoids and sarcoid derived cell lines were analysed for the expression of FHIT protein by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence techniques and western blotting. These analyses revealed the absence of signal in seven out of nine sarcoids. The two sarcoid derived cell lines too showed a reduced signal of the protein. To investigate the causes of the altered protein expression, the samples were analysed for the DNA methylation profile of the CpG island associated with the FHIT promoter. The analysis of the 32 CpGs encompassing the region of interest showed no significative differential methylation profile between pathological tissues and cell lines and their normal counterparts. Conclusion This study represent a further evidence of the role of a tumour suppressor gene in equine sarcoids and approaches the epigenetic regulation in this well known equine neoplasm. The data obtained in sarcoid tissues and sarcoid derived cell lines suggest that also in horse, as in humans, there is a possible involvement of the tumour suppressor FHIT gene in BPV induced tumours. DNA methylation seems not to be involved in the gene expression alteration. Further studies are needed to understand the basic molecular mechanisms involved in reduced FHIT expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Strazzullo
- Department of Pathology and Animal Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via Veterinaria, Naples, Italy
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Fhit loss in lung preneoplasia: relation to DNA damage response checkpoint activation. Cancer Lett 2010; 291:230-6. [PMID: 19931269 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Revised: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Loss of heterozygosity at the FHIT locus is coincident with activation of DNA damage response checkpoint proteins; thus damage at fragile loci may trigger checkpoint activation. We examined preneoplastic lesions adjacent to non-small cell lung carcinomas for alterations to expression of Fhit and activated checkpoint proteins. Expression scores were analyzed for pair-wise associations and correlations among proteins and type of lesion. Hyperplastic and dysplastic lesions were positive for nuclear gammaH2AX expression; 12/20 dysplastic lesions were negative for Fhit expression. Fhit positive lesions showed expression of most checkpoint proteins examined, while Fhit negative lesions showed absence of expression of Chk1 and phosphoChk1. The results show that loss of expression of Fhit is significantly directly correlated with absence of activated Chk1 in dysplasia, and suggest a connection between loss of Fhit and modulation of checkpoint activity.
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Yanagawa N, Osakabe M, Hayashi M, Tamura G, Motoyama T. Detection of HPV-DNA, p53 alterations, and methylation in penile squamous cell carcinoma in Japanese men. Pathol Int 2008; 58:477-82. [PMID: 18705766 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2008.02259.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Penile carcinoma is a rare disease, accordingly there are few studies on molecular changes, and these results also vary greatly. A total of 26 penile squamous cell carcinomas in Japanese men were studied with respect to HPV, p53 alterations, and methylation of gene promoter region. HPV-DNA was detected in three of 26 patients (11.5%). Overexpression of p53 was observed in 13 of 26 patients (50%), and p53 gene mutations were detected in four of 26 patients (15.4%). The frequency of methylation was as follows: DAPK, 26.9% (7/26); FHIT, 88.4% (23/26); MGMT, 19.2% (5/26); p14, 3.8% (1/26); p16, 23.1% (6/26); RAR-beta, 23.1% (6/26); RASSF1A, 11.5% (3/26); and RUNX3, 42.3% (11/26). As for correlation between HPV and p53 alterations, and methylation status, mutations of the p53 gene were detected only in HPV-negative patients, and methylation was more frequently found in HPV-negative than in HPV-positive patients. The present results suggest that the majority of penile squamous cell carcinomas in Japanese men are unrelated to HPV, and gene alterations accumulate more frequently in HPV-unrelated penile carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yanagawa
- Department of Pathology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Tamagata, Japan.
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8
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Gray SE, Kay E, Leader M, Mabruk M. Analysis ofFHITallelic imbalance/loss of heterozygosity and FHIT expression in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. J Cutan Pathol 2008; 35:816-25. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2007.00913.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Frequent epigenetic silencing of the FHIT gene in penile squamous cell carcinomas. Virchows Arch 2008; 452:377-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-008-0597-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Revised: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 02/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Yang JY, Yang MQ, Luo Z, Ma Y, Li J, Deng Y, Huang X. A hybrid machine learning-based method for classifying the Cushing's Syndrome with comorbid adrenocortical lesions. BMC Genomics 2008; 9 Suppl 1:S23. [PMID: 18366613 PMCID: PMC2386065 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-s1-s23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis for many cancers could be improved dramatically if they could be detected while still at the microscopic disease stage. It follows from a comprehensive statistical analysis that a number of antigens such as hTERT, PCNA and Ki-67 can be considered as cancer markers, while another set of antigens such as P27KIP1 and FHIT are possible markers for normal tissue. Because more than one marker must be considered to obtain a classification of cancer or no cancer, and if cancer, to classify it as malignant, borderline, or benign, we must develop an intelligent decision system that can fullfill such an unmet medical need. RESULTS We have developed an intelligent decision system using machine learning techniques and markers to characterize tissue as cancerous, non-cancerous or borderline. The system incorporates learning techniques such as variants of support vector machines, neural networks, decision trees, self-organizing feature maps (SOFM) and recursive maximum contrast trees (RMCT). These variants and algorithms we have developed, tend to detect microscopic pathological changes based on features derived from gene expression levels and metabolic profiles. We have also used immunohistochemistry techniques to measure the gene expression profiles from a number of antigens such as cyclin E, P27KIP1, FHIT, Ki-67, PCNA, Bax, Bcl-2, P53, Fas, FasL and hTERT in several particular types of neuroendocrine tumors such as pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and the adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC), adenomas (ACA), and hyperplasia (ACH) involved with Cushing's syndrome. We provided statistical evidence that higher expression levels of hTERT, PCNA and Ki-67 etc. are associated with a higher risk that the tumors are malignant or borderline as opposed to benign. We also investigated whether higher expression levels of P27KIP1 and FHIT, etc., are associated with a decreased risk of adrenomedullary tumors. While no significant difference was found between cell-arrest antigens such as P27KIP1 for malignant, borderline, and benign tumors, there was a significant difference between expression levels of such antigens in normal adrenal medulla samples and in adrenomedullary tumors. CONCLUSIONS Our frame work focused on not only different classification schemes and feature selection algorithms, but also ensemble methods such as boosting and bagging in an effort to improve upon the accuracy of the individual classifiers. It is evident that when all sorts of machine learning and statistically learning techniques are combined appropriately into one integrated intelligent medical decision system, the prediction power can be enhanced significantly. This research has many potential applications; it might provide an alternative diagnostic tool and a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in malignant transformation as well as information that is useful for treatment planning and cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Y Yang
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mary Qu Yang
- Genomic Functional Analysis Laboratory, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Zuojie Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province 530021, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province 530021, China
| | - Jianling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province 530021, China
| | - Youping Deng
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Xudong Huang
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Longatto-Filho A, Etlinger D, Pereira SMM, Kanamura CT, di Loreto C, Santos GDC, Makabe S, Marques JA, Santoro CLF, das Dores GB, Castelo A. The association of p16(INK4A) and fragile histidine triad gene expression and cervical lesions. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2007; 11:151-7. [PMID: 17596760 DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0b013e31802efb9e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study was intended to assess the association between immunohistochemical analysis of p16 and fragile histidine triad (FHIT) and the presence of precancerous cervical lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Women seen at Pérola Byington Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil, with histologically confirmed cervicitis (n = 31), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1 (n = 30), CIN 2,3 (n = 30), and cervical cancer (n = 7) had also cervical material collected for liquid-based cytology, human papillomavirus Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) test, and p16 and FHIT immunohistochemical reactions. RESULTS p16 and FHIT reactions were scored as the following: <1%, 1% to 5%, >5% to 25%, and >25%. Receiver operating curve analysis was used to select p16 and FHIT score cutoffs for further categorical analyses. All but one of the 37 CIN 2,3/cancer cases had a p16 score of greater than 1% to 5%. Among the 61 cervicitis/CIN 1 cases, 46 (75%) had a p16 score lower than 1% to 5%. In contrast, no association of FHIT expression and severity of cervical lesions could be demonstrated in this data set. Receiver operating curve analyses suggested the score of 1% to 5% for p16 as the cutoff that best discriminates CIN 2,3/cancer from cervicitis/CIN 1. No cutoff for FHIT scores could be suggested with data set. CONCLUSIONS p16, but not FHIT expression, has the potential to be used as complementary diagnostic tool to investigate human papillomavirus-induced cervical lesions, if these results are confirmed in larger studies.
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Matthews-Greer J, Caldito G, de Benedetti A, Herrera GA, Dominguez-Malagon H, Chanona-Vilchis J, Turbat-Herrera EA. eIF4E as a Marker for Cervical Neoplasia. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2005; 13:367-70. [PMID: 16280668 DOI: 10.1097/01.pai.0000170625.98446.3e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is upregulated in cancers of the breast and head and neck. The authors have shown that eIF4E is increased in cervical neoplasia and that eIF4E upregulates human papillomavirus (HPV) oncoprotein E7. The aim of this study was to quantitate eIF4E in tissues representing a wide range of cervical pathology. The potential correlation between dysplastic grade or tumor stage with eIF4E upregulation and/or HPV genotype was analyzed for 10 normal, 27 cancer, and 37 dysplasia cases. A progressive increase in eIF4E staining intensity was found with increasing cervical pathology (P < 0.0001). No difference was seen in eIF4E stain intensity by either tumor type--squamous cell cancer (n = 18), adenocarcinoma (n = 4), or other types of cancer (n = 5) (P = 0.97)--or by tumor grade--II (n = 5) versus III (n = 7). Likewise, neither an HPV typing result of HPV 16 (n = 10) versus non-HPV 16 (n = 4) nor single HPV infection (n = 11) versus dual HPV infection (n = 3) significantly altered the eIF4E stain results (P = 0.86 and 0.97, respectively). These results indicate that eIF4E stain intensity may be useful as a marker for cervical neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Matthews-Greer
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, 71130, USA.
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13
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Hidalgo A, Baudis M, Petersen I, Arreola H, Piña P, Vázquez-Ortiz G, Hernández D, González J, Lazos M, López R, Pérez C, García J, Vázquez K, Alatorre B, Salcedo M. Microarray comparative genomic hybridization detection of chromosomal imbalances in uterine cervix carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2005; 5:77. [PMID: 16004614 PMCID: PMC1186020 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-5-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2005] [Accepted: 07/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosomal Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) has been applied to all stages of cervical carcinoma progression, defining a specific pattern of chromosomal imbalances in this tumor. However, given its limited spatial resolution, chromosomal CGH has offered only general information regarding the possible genetic targets of DNA copy number changes. METHODS In order to further define specific DNA copy number changes in cervical cancer, we analyzed 20 cervical samples (3 pre-malignant lesions, 10 invasive tumors, and 7 cell lines), using the GenoSensor microarray CGH system to define particular genetic targets that suffer copy number changes. RESULTS The most common DNA gains detected by array CGH in the invasive samples were located at the RBP1-RBP2 (3q21-q22) genes, the sub-telomeric clone C84C11/T3 (5ptel), D5S23 (5p15.2) and the DAB2 gene (5p13) in 58.8% of the samples. The most common losses were found at the FHIT gene (3p14.2) in 47% of the samples, followed by deletions at D8S504 (8p23.3), CTDP1-SHGC- 145820 (18qtel), KIT (4q11-q12), D1S427-FAF1 (1p32.3), D9S325 (9qtel), EIF4E (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E, 4q24), RB1 (13q14), and DXS7132 (Xq12) present in 5/17 (29.4%) of the samples. CONCLUSION Our results confirm the presence of a specific pattern of chromosomal imbalances in cervical carcinoma and define specific targets that are suffering DNA copy number changes in this neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Hidalgo
- Laboratorio de Oncología Genómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI-IMSS, México
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Secretaria de Salud, Mexico
| | - Michael Baudis
- Division of Pediatric Haematology/Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Iver Petersen
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hugo Arreola
- Laboratorio de Oncología Genómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI-IMSS, México
| | - Patricia Piña
- Laboratorio de Oncología Genómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI-IMSS, México
| | - Guelaguetza Vázquez-Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Oncología Genómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI-IMSS, México
| | - Dulce Hernández
- Servicio de Epidemiología, Hospital de Oncologia, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI-IMSS, México
| | - José González
- Clínica de Displasias, Hospital de Gineco-Obstetrica No. 4, Luis Castelazo Ayala-IMSS, México
| | - Minerva Lazos
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina UNAM-Hospital General de México, SS, México
| | - Ricardo López
- Laboratorio de Oncología Genómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI-IMSS, México
| | - Carlos Pérez
- Laboratorio de Oncología Genómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI-IMSS, México
| | - José García
- Laboratorio de Biología Teórica, Departamento de Investigación, Universidad La Salle, México
| | - Karla Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Oncología Genómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI-IMSS, México
| | - Brenda Alatorre
- Laboratorio de Oncología Genómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI-IMSS, México
| | - Mauricio Salcedo
- Laboratorio de Oncología Genómica, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI-IMSS, México
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14
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ELhamidi A, Hamoudi RA, Kocjan G, Du MQ. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: prognosis by combined LOH analysis of multiple loci. Gynecol Oncol 2004; 94:671-9. [PMID: 15350357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2003] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN) show markedly variable clinical behavior. Clinically, it is important to distinguish CIN lesions with different behaviors and identify those likely to persist and progress. The purpose of this study is to explore whether CIN lesions with different clinical behaviors can be stratified by analysis of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at multiple loci. METHODS One hundred sixty-four cases of CIN (54 CIN1, 59 CIN2 and 51 CIN3) were screened for LOH at 12 microsatellite markers including 10 from 3p14, 3p21-22, 6p21 and 11q23. LOH was correlated with clinical follow-up data and high-risk HPV infection. RESULTS In a pilot study of 71 cases of CIN, screening of 12 microsatellite markers identified four (D3S1300, D3S1260, D11S35, and D11S528) at which LOH was significantly associated with disease persistence/progression. These four markers were further investigated in a larger cohort, which brought the total number of cases examined to 164. Combined analysis of LOH at the above four loci permitted the identification of 22-47% of CIN lesions depending on the histological grade, which showed disease persistence/progression. LOH at these loci was significantly associated with HPV16 infection. Bioinformatic analysis identified several candidate genes including the fragile histidine triad gene and progesterone receptor gene that may be the target of deletions. CONCLUSIONS LOH at D3S1300, D3S1260, D11S35 and D11S528 was significantly associated with cins that showed persistence/progression, and combined LOH analyses at these loci could be used to identify such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina ELhamidi
- Department of Histopathology, University College London, London, UK
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15
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Ishii H, Ozawa K, Furukawa Y. Alteration of the fragile histidine triad gene early in carcinogenesis: an update. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS AND ONCOLOGY 2004; 3:291-6. [PMID: 14678517 DOI: 10.1111/j.1533-869x.2003.01101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An association between common chromosome fragile sites and frequent chromosomal deletions in cancer has been observed and led to the hypothesis that genes at fragile sites may play a role in tumor development. In 1996, the human fragile histidine triad gene, FHIT, was identified by positional cloning at 3p14.2, a chromosomal region spanning the carcinogen-sensitive, common fragile site FRA3B. FHIT gene is lost and inactivated in a large fraction of tumors and early in carcinogenesis. A group of ancestral cancerous cells that carry FHIT alterations, expanding in succeeding cell generations, exhibits a hallmark in carcinogenesis scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideshi Ishii
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan.
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16
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Clarke B, Gordon M, Moodley M, Naidoo R, Chetty R. Microsatellite analysis of early stage (Ia-IIb) uterine cervical squamous carcinoma. Int J Surg Pathol 2004; 11:253-60. [PMID: 14615820 DOI: 10.1177/106689690301100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy of the developing world. The oncogenic role of human papilloma virus (HPV) is well known. Attention is now focusing on the complicit genetic changes, which allow progression of these tumors. Regarding these changes, deletion of tumor suppressor genes (loss of heterozygosity [LOH]) is the preferred pathway of progression with only a subset manifesting microsatellite instability (MSI). Implicated loci include 3p14.1-22. Several studies suggest that the mutator phenotype in cervical cancer may correlate with higher grade tumors, more advanced disease stage, and poor outcome. Unlike colorectal cancer, in which an inverse relationship has been demonstrated between microsatellite instability and loss of heterozygosity, cervical cancers expressing MSI have been found to coexpress LOH at other loci. In this study we analyzed 8-microsatellite loci including p53, DCC, APC, the MMR gene hMLH1 and 2 regions of interest on chromosome 3 in a high-risk population group in which HPV infection is endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Clarke
- Department of Pathology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Natal, Durban, South Africa
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17
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Yao CC, Lin CY. Fragile histidine triad gene expression and its corralation with mismatch repair protein in human sporadic colorectal carcinoma. Chin J Cancer Res 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02974866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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18
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Abstract
The FHIT gene encompassing the most active common human chromosomal fragile region, FRA3B, was discovered in 1996 and proposed as a tumour suppressor gene for important human cancers. Seven years and more than 350 reports later, early questions concerning its tumour suppressor role have been answered. Recent studies on the role of Fhit loss in major types of human cancers report association with high proliferative and low apoptotic indices, node positivity, loss of mismatch repair protein, likelihood of progression and reduced survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Huebner
- Kimmel Cancer Institute, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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