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Nevzorova TA, Zhao Q, Lomakin YA, Ponomareva AA, Mukhitov AR, Purohit PK, Weisel JW, Litvinov RI. Single-Molecule Interactions of a Monoclonal Anti-DNA Antibody with DNA. BIONANOSCIENCE 2017; 7:132-147. [PMID: 29104846 DOI: 10.1007/s12668-016-0303-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Interactions of DNA with proteins are essential for key biological processes and have both a fundamental and practical significance. In particular, DNA binding to anti-DNA antibodies is a pathogenic mechanism in autoimmune pathology, such as systemic lupus erythematosus. Here we measured at the single-molecule level binding and forced unbinding of surface-attached DNA and a monoclonal anti-DNA antibody MRL4 from a lupus erythematosus mouse. In optical trap-based force spectroscopy, a microscopic antibodycoated latex bead is trapped by a focused laser beam and repeatedly brought into contact with a DNA-coated surface. After careful discrimination of non-specific interactions, we showed that the DNA-antibody rupture force spectra had two regimes, reflecting formation of weaker (20-40 pN) and stronger (>40 pN) immune complexes that implies the existence of at least two bound states with different mechanical stability. The two-dimensional force-free off-rate for the DNA-antibody complexes was ~2.2 × 10-3 s-1, the transition state distance was ~0.94 nm, the apparent on-rate was ~5.26 s-1, and the stiffness of the DNA-antibody complex was characterized by a spring constant of 0.0021 pN/nm, suggesting that the DNA-antibody complex is a relatively stable, but soft and deformable macromolecular structure. The stretching elasticity of the DNA molecules was characteristic of single-stranded DNA, suggesting preferential binding of the MRL4 antibody to one strand of DNA. Collectively, the results provide fundamental characteristics of formation and forced dissociation of DNA-antibody complexes that help to understand principles of DNA-protein interactions and shed light on the molecular basis of autoimmune diseases accompanied by formation of anti-DNA antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A Nevzorova
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Qingze Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania School of Engineering and Applied Science, 220 S. 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yakov A Lomakin
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Mikluho-Maklaya St, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia A Ponomareva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation.,Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2/31 Lobachevsky str, Kazan 420111, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander R Mukhitov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Prashant K Purohit
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania School of Engineering and Applied Science, 220 S. 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John W Weisel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rustem I Litvinov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many children with HIV infection now survive into adulthood. This study explored the impact of vertically acquired HIV in the era of antiretroviral therapy on the development of humoral immunity. DESIGN Natural and vaccine-related immunity to pneumococcus and B-cell phenotype was characterized and compared in three groups of young adults: those with vertically-acquired infection, those with horizontally acquired infection and healthy controls. METHODS Serotype-specific pneumococcal (Pnc) immunoglobulin M and G concentrations before and up to 1 year post-Pnc polysaccharide (Pneumovax) immunization were determined, and opsonophagocytic activity was analysed. B-cell subpopulations and dynamic markers of B-cell signalling, turnover and susceptibility to apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS HIV-infected patients showed impaired natural Pnc immunity and reduced humoral responses to immunization with Pneumovax; this was greatest in those viraemic at time of the study. Early-life viral control before the age of 10 years diminished these changes. Expanded populations of abnormally activated and immature B-cells were seen in both HIV-infected cohorts. Vertically infected patients were particularly vulnerable to reductions in marginal zone and switched memory populations. These aberrations were reduced in patients with early-life viral control. CONCLUSION In children with HIV, damage to B-cell memory populations and impaired natural and vaccine immunity to pneumococcus is evident in early adult life. Sustained viral control from early childhood may help to limit this effect and optimize humoral immunity in adult life.
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Antiphospholipid antibody profiling — Time for a new technical approach? Autoimmun Rev 2012; 11:821-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2012.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Horstman LL, Jy W, Bidot CJ, Ahn YS, Kelley RE, Zivadinov R, Maghzi AH, Etemadifar M, Mousavi SA, Minagar A. Antiphospholipid antibodies: paradigm in transition. J Neuroinflammation 2009; 6:3. [PMID: 19154576 PMCID: PMC2640381 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-6-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This is a critical review of anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL). Most prior reviews focus on the aPL syndrome (APS), a thrombotic condition often marked by neurological disturbance. We bring to attention recent evidence that aPL may be equally relevant to non-thrombotic autoimmune conditions, notably, multiple sclerosis and ITP. ORGANIZATION After a brief history, the recent proliferation of aPL target antigens is reviewed. The implication is that many more exist. Theories of aPL in thrombosis are then reviewed, concluding that all have merit but that aPL may have more diverse pathological consequences than now recognized. Next, conflicting results are explained by methodological differences. The lupus anticoagulant (LA) is then discussed. LA is the best predictor of thrombosis, but why this is true is not settled. Finally, aPL in non-thrombotic disorders is reviewed. CONCLUSION The current paradigm of aPL holds that they are important in thrombosis, but they may have much wider clinical significance, possibly of special interest in neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence L Horstman
- Wallace Coulter Platelet Laboratory, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Wenche Jy
- Wallace Coulter Platelet Laboratory, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Carlos J Bidot
- Wallace Coulter Platelet Laboratory, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Yeon S Ahn
- Wallace Coulter Platelet Laboratory, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Roger E Kelley
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Robert Zivadinov
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, The Jacobs Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo NY, USA
| | - Amir H Maghzi
- Department of Neurology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoud Etemadifar
- Department of Neurology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Mousavi
- Department of Neurology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Minagar
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
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Paul S, Javed U, Tevendale R, Lanford J, Liu R. Acquired factor VIII inhibitor in an HIV-infected patient after treatment with pegylated interferon-alpha 2a and ribavirin. AIDS 2007; 21:784-5. [PMID: 17413709 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e3280b07b7d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pashov AD, Plaxco J, Kaveri SV, Monzavi-Karbassi B, Harn D, Kieber-Emmons T. Multiple antigenic mimotopes of HIV carbohydrate antigens: relating structure and antigenicity. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:29675-83. [PMID: 16899462 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m604137200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate mimetic peptides are designable, and they can carry T-cell epitopes and circumvent tolerance. A mimic-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine can be a viable alternative to carbohydrate-based antigens if the diversity of epitopes found on gp120 can be recapitulated. To improve existing mimics, an attempt was made to study the structural correlates of the observed polyspecificity of carbohydrate mimetic peptides based on the Y(P/R)Y motif in more detail. A carbohydrate mimetic peptide, D002 (RGGLCYCRYRYCVCVGR), bound a number of lectins with different specificities. Although this peptide reacted strongly with both lotus and concanavalin A (ConA) lectins, it bound to lotus stronger than ConA. By varying the central motif RYRY, five versions were produced in multiple antigen peptide format, and their avidity for lotus and ConA lectins was tested by surface plasmon resonance. Although the kinetic parameters were similar, the version based on the sequence YPYRY had an optimal affinity for both lectins as well as improved avidity for wheat germ agglutinin and phytohemagglutinin. Thus, as far as lectin specificity is concerned, YPYRY had improved multiple antigenic properties. Both RYRY and YPYRY precipitated antibodies from human IgG for intravenous use that bound to gp120 in vitro and immunoprecipitated gp120 from transfected CHO-PI cells. Thus, Y(P/R)Y motifs mimic multiple carbohydrate epitopes, many of which are found on HIV, and preimmune human IgG antibodies that bind to HIV carbohydrates cross-react to a comparable extent with both RYRY and YPYRY carbohydrate mimetic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastas D Pashov
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
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Sandberg JK, Fast NM, Palacios EH, Fennelly G, Dobroszycki J, Palumbo P, Wiznia A, Grant RM, Bhardwaj N, Rosenberg MG, Nixon DF. Selective loss of innate CD4(+) V alpha 24 natural killer T cells in human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Virol 2002; 76:7528-34. [PMID: 12097565 PMCID: PMC136353 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.76.15.7528-7534.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
V alpha 24 natural killer T (NKT) cells are innate immune cells involved in regulation of immune tolerance, autoimmunity, and tumor immunity. However, the effect of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection on these cells is unknown. Here, we report that the V alpha 24 NKT cells can be subdivided into CD4(+) or CD4(-) subsets that differ in their expression of the homing receptors CD62L and CD11a. Furthermore, both CD4(+) and CD4(-) NKT cells frequently express both CXCR4 and CCR5 HIV coreceptors. We find that the numbers of NKT cells are reduced in HIV-infected subjects with uncontrolled viremia and marked CD4(+) T-cell depletion. The number of CD4(+) NKT cells is inversely correlated with HIV load, indicating depletion of this subset. In contrast, CD4(-) NKT-cell numbers are unaffected in subjects with high viral loads. HIV infection experiments in vitro show preferential depletion of CD4(+) NKT cells relative to regular CD4(+) T cells, in particular with virus that uses the CCR5 coreceptor. Thus, HIV infection causes a selective loss of CD4(+) lymph node homing (CD62L(+)) NKT cells, with consequent skewing of the NKT-cell compartment to a predominantly CD4(-) CD62L(-) phenotype. These data indicate that the key immunoregulatory NKT-cell compartment is compromised in HIV-1-infected patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- CD4 Lymphocyte Count
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- Cells, Cultured
- Child
- HIV Infections/immunology
- HIV Infections/physiopathology
- HIV-1/immunology
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/virology
- L-Selectin/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type
- Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/metabolism
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan K Sandberg
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94141, USA
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