1
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Nishitoba T, Matsumoto K, Ishizaka Y, Arai N, Takeuchi K, Fukaya N, Fujitani T, Endo A, Yasuda H, Sato K, Choi JC. Controlled Growth of Platinum Nanoparticles on Amorphous Silica from Grafted Pt-Disilicate Complexes. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:47120-47128. [PMID: 36570269 PMCID: PMC9773926 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Supported platinum nanoparticles are currently the most functional catalysts applied in commercial chemical processes. Although investigations have been performed to improve the dispersion and thermal stability of Pt particles, it is challenging to apply amorphous silica supports to these systems owing to various Pt species derived from the non-uniform surface structure of the amorphous support. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of amorphous silica-supported Pt nanoparticles from (cod)Pt-disilicate complex (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene), which forms bis-grafted surface Pt species regardless of surface heterogeneity. The synthesized Pt nanoparticles were highly dispersible and had higher hydrogenation activity than those prepared by the impregnation method, irrespective of the calcination and reduction temperatures. The high catalytic activity of the catalyst prepared at low temperatures (such as 150 °C) was attributed to the formation of Pt nanoparticles triggered by the reduction of cod ligands under H2 conditions, whereas that of the catalyst prepared at high temperatures (up to 450 °C) was due to the modification of the SiO2 surface by grafting of the (cod)Pt-disilicate complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Nishitoba
- National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Matsumoto
- National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishizaka
- National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Graduate
School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University
of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Natsumi Arai
- Graduate
School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki
University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Takeuchi
- National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Norihisa Fukaya
- National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Fujitani
- National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Akira Endo
- National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yasuda
- National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Sato
- National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Jun-Chul Choi
- National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Graduate
School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University
of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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2
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Führer M, van Haasterecht T, Masoud N, Barrett DH, Verhoeven T, Hensen E, Tromp M, Rodella CB, Bitter H. The Synergetic Effect of Support‐oxygen Groups and Pt Particle Size in the Oxidation of α‐D‐glucose: A Proximity Effect in Adsorption. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Führer
- Wageningen University and Research: Wageningen University & Research Biobased Chemistry and Technology Wageningen NETHERLANDS
| | - Tomas van Haasterecht
- Wageningen University and Research Wageningen Plant Research Biobased Chemistry and Technology NETHERLANDS
| | - Nazila Masoud
- Wageningen UR: Wageningen University & Research Biobased Chemistry and Technology NETHERLANDS
| | - Dean H. Barrett
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory: Laboratorio Nacional de Luz Sincrotron Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials NETHERLANDS
| | - Tiny Verhoeven
- Eindhoven University of Technology: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven EIRES Chemistry for Sustainable Energy Systems NETHERLANDS
| | - Emiel Hensen
- Eindhoven University of Technology: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven EIRES Chemistry for Sustainable Energy Systems NETHERLANDS
| | - Moniek Tromp
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Material chemisrty NETHERLANDS
| | - Cristiane B. Rodella
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory: Laboratorio Nacional de Luz Sincrotron Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials NETHERLANDS
| | - Harry Bitter
- Wageningen University Biobased commodity chemistry Bornse Weilanden 9P.O. Box 17 6700 AA Wageningen NETHERLANDS
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3
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van der Wal LI, Oenema J, Smulders LCJ, Samplonius NJ, Nandpersad KR, Zečević J, de Jong KP. Control and Impact of Metal Loading Heterogeneities at the Nanoscale on the Performance of Pt/Zeolite Y Catalysts for Alkane Hydroconversion. ACS Catal 2021; 11:3842-3855. [PMID: 33833901 PMCID: PMC8022326 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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The preparation of
zeolite-based bifunctional catalysts with low
noble metal loadings while maintaining optimal performance has been
studied. We have deposited 0.03 to 1.0 wt % Pt on zeolite H-USY (Si/Al
∼ 30 at./at.) using either platinum(II) tetraammine nitrate
(PTA, Pt(NH3)4(NO3)2)
or hexachloroplatinic(IV) acid (CPA, H2PtCl6·6H2O) and studied the nanoscale Pt loading heterogeneities
and global hydroconversion performance of the resulting Pt/Y catalysts.
Pt/Y samples prepared with PTA and a global Pt loading as low as 0.3
wt % Pt (nPt/nA = 0.08 mol/mol, where nPt is the number of Pt surface
sites and nA is the number of acid sites)
maintained catalytic performance during n-heptane
(T = 210–350 °C, P =
10 bar) as well as n-hexadecane (T = 170–280 °C, P = 5 bar) hydroisomerization
similar to a 1.0 wt % Pt sample. For Pt/Y catalysts prepared with
CPA, a loading of 0.3 wt % Pt (nPt/nA = 0.08 mol/mol) sufficed for n-heptane hydroisomerization, whereas a detrimental effect on n-hexadecane hydroisomerization was observed, in particular
undesired secondary cracking occurred to a significant extent. The
differences between PTA and CPA are explained by differences in Pt
loading per zeolite Y crystal (size ∼ 500 nm), shown from extensive
transmission electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
experiments, whereby crystal-based nPt/nA ratios could be determined. From
earlier studies, it is known that the Al content per crystal of USY
varied tremendously and that PTA preferentially is deposited on crystals
with higher Al content due to ion-exchange with zeolite protons. Here,
we show that this preferential deposition of PTA on Al-rich crystals
led to a more constant value of nPt/nA ratio from one zeolite crystal to another,
which was beneficial for catalytic performance. Use of CPA led to
a large variation of Pt loading independent of Al content, giving
rise to larger variations of nPt/nA ratio from crystal to crystal that negatively
affected the catalytic performance. This study thus shows the impact
of local metal loading variations at the zeolite crystal scale (nanoscale)
caused by different interactions of metal precursors with the zeolite,
which are essential to design and synthesize optimal catalysts, in
particular at low noble metal loadings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars I. van der Wal
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jogchum Oenema
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luc C. J. Smulders
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nonne J. Samplonius
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karan R. Nandpersad
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jovana Zečević
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Krijn P. de Jong
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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4
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Majrik K, Pászti Z, Korecz L, Mihály J, May Z, Németh P, Cannilla C, Bonura G, Frusteri F, Tompos A, Tálas E. Effect of the Microstructure of the Semiconductor Support on the Photocatalytic Performance of the Pt-PtO x/TiO 2 Catalyst System. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:943. [PMID: 33671227 PMCID: PMC7921961 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the semiconductor microstructure on the photocatalytic behavior of Pt-PtOx/TiO2 catalysts was studied by comparing the methanol-reforming performance of systems based on commercial P25 or TiO2 from sol-gel synthesis calcined at different temperatures. The Pt co-catalyst was deposited by incipient wetness and formed either by calcination or high-temperature H2 treatment. Structural features of the photocatalysts were established by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), electron spin resonance (ESR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), optical absorption, Raman spectroscopy and TEM measurements. In situ reduction of Pt during the photocatalytic reaction was generally observed. The P25-based samples showed the best H2 production, while the activity of all sol-gel-based samples was similar in spite of the varying microstructures resulting from the different preparation conditions. Accordingly, the sol-gel-based TiO2 has a fundamental structural feature interfering with its photocatalytic performance, which could not be improved by annealing in the 400-500 °C range even by scarifying specific surface area at higher temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Majrik
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), H-1117 Budapest, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, Hungary; (K.M.); (L.K.); (J.M.); (Z.M.); (P.N.); (A.T.); (E.T.)
| | - Zoltán Pászti
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), H-1117 Budapest, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, Hungary; (K.M.); (L.K.); (J.M.); (Z.M.); (P.N.); (A.T.); (E.T.)
| | - László Korecz
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), H-1117 Budapest, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, Hungary; (K.M.); (L.K.); (J.M.); (Z.M.); (P.N.); (A.T.); (E.T.)
| | - Judith Mihály
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), H-1117 Budapest, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, Hungary; (K.M.); (L.K.); (J.M.); (Z.M.); (P.N.); (A.T.); (E.T.)
| | - Zoltán May
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), H-1117 Budapest, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, Hungary; (K.M.); (L.K.); (J.M.); (Z.M.); (P.N.); (A.T.); (E.T.)
| | - Péter Németh
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), H-1117 Budapest, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, Hungary; (K.M.); (L.K.); (J.M.); (Z.M.); (P.N.); (A.T.); (E.T.)
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pannonia, H-8200 Veszprém, Egyetem út 10, Hungary
| | - Catia Cannilla
- National Council of Research–CNR-ITAE, ‘‘Nicola Giordano’’, Via S. Lucia 5, 98126 Messina, Italy; (C.C.); (G.B.); (F.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Bonura
- National Council of Research–CNR-ITAE, ‘‘Nicola Giordano’’, Via S. Lucia 5, 98126 Messina, Italy; (C.C.); (G.B.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesco Frusteri
- National Council of Research–CNR-ITAE, ‘‘Nicola Giordano’’, Via S. Lucia 5, 98126 Messina, Italy; (C.C.); (G.B.); (F.F.)
| | - András Tompos
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), H-1117 Budapest, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, Hungary; (K.M.); (L.K.); (J.M.); (Z.M.); (P.N.); (A.T.); (E.T.)
| | - Emília Tálas
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), H-1117 Budapest, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, Hungary; (K.M.); (L.K.); (J.M.); (Z.M.); (P.N.); (A.T.); (E.T.)
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5
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Guo H, Warnicke P, Griffa M, Müller U, Chen Z, Schaeublin R, Zhang Z, Luković M. Hierarchical Porous Wood Cellulose Scaffold with Atomically Dispersed Pt Catalysts for Low-Temperature Ethylene Decomposition. ACS NANO 2019; 13:14337-14347. [PMID: 31769965 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the excellent catalytic properties of individual nanoparticles and atomic clusters, the current capabilities to assemble them into a complex system are insufficient for many practical applications. An objective of this work is to develop a fabrication technology that allows for the simultaneous control of the nanoparticle surface chemistry, elemental distribution, microscale geometry, and large-scale assembly. Using a cellulose structure derived from wood, we fabricate hierarchical porous cellulose scaffolds combining with cerium-doped TiO2. This hybrid material serves as the support for atomically dispersed Pt catalysts and is used to successfully decompose ethylene at 0 °C. The fabrication concept developed in this work would allow mitigating the conflict between the required large active surfaces and the difficulties in handling nanopowders in environmental catalysis, including food preservation and indoor air purification. We thus discover a promising route to manufacture multifunctional materials with complex structures by combining a controllable chemical synthesis with the nature-designed wood scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhang Guo
- Wood Materials Science , ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
- Cellulose and Wood Materials , Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Peter Warnicke
- Paul Scherrer Institut , 5232 Villigen PSI , Switzerland
| | - Michele Griffa
- Concrete/Construction Chemistry , Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Müller
- Nanoscale Materials Science , Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Zupeng Chen
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , Zürich 8093 , Switzerland
| | - Robin Schaeublin
- ScopeM-Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy , ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- Durability of Engineering Materials , ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Mirko Luković
- Wood Materials Science , ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
- Cellulose and Wood Materials , Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
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6
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Resasco J, DeRita L, Dai S, Chada JP, Xu M, Yan X, Finzel J, Hanukovich S, Hoffman AS, Graham GW, Bare SR, Pan X, Christopher P. Uniformity Is Key in Defining Structure–Function Relationships for Atomically Dispersed Metal Catalysts: The Case of Pt/CeO2. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:169-184. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Resasco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Leo DeRita
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | | | - Joseph P. Chada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Mingjie Xu
- Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou 511458, PR China
| | | | - Jordan Finzel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Sergei Hanukovich
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Adam S. Hoffman
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - George W. Graham
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Simon R. Bare
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | | | - Phillip Christopher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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7
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Resasco J, Yang F, Mou T, Wang B, Christopher P, Resasco DE. Relationship between Atomic Scale Structure and Reactivity of Pt Catalysts: Hydrodeoxygenation of m-Cresol over Isolated Pt Cations and Clusters. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Resasco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Feifei Yang
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Center for Interfacial Reaction Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Tong Mou
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Center for Interfacial Reaction Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Center for Interfacial Reaction Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Phillip Christopher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Daniel E. Resasco
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Center for Interfacial Reaction Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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8
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Kuo CT, Lu Y, Kovarik L, Engelhard M, Karim AM. Structure Sensitivity of Acetylene Semi-Hydrogenation on Pt Single Atoms and Subnanometer Clusters. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Te Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Yubing Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Libor Kovarik
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Mark Engelhard
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Ayman M. Karim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
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9
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Sun S, Zhang X, Cui J, Yang Q, Liang S. High-index faceted metal oxide micro-/nanostructures: a review on their characterization, synthesis and applications. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:15739-15762. [PMID: 31433431 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05107d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposed high-index facets with a high density of low-coordinated atoms (including edges, steps and kinks) can provide more high-active sites for chemical reactions. Therefore, great progress has made in the facet-dependent application of various high-index faceted micro-/nanostructures in the past decades. Previous review papers have mainly highlighted the advances in high-index faceted noble metal nanocrystals. However, to date, there is no specialized review paper on high-index faceted metal oxides and their facet-dependent applications. Thus, in this review, the existing high-index faceted metal oxide micro-/nanostructures, including Cu2O, TiO2, Fe2O3, ZnO, SnO2 and BiVO4, are reviewed based on their characterization, synthesis engineering and facet-dependent applications in the fields of catalysis, sensors, lithium-ion batteries and carbon monoxide oxidation. Also, several challenges and perspectives are presented. Hopefully, this review article will be a useful guideline and resource for researchers currently concentrating on high-index faceted metal oxides to design and synthesize novel micro-/nanostructures for overcoming the practical environment-, biology- and energy-related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Sun
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory for Electrical Materials and Infiltration Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Li Z, Qi Z, Wang S, Ma T, Zhou L, Wu Z, Luan X, Lin FY, Chen M, Miller JT, Xin H, Huang W, Wu Y. In Situ Formed Pt 3Ti Nanoparticles on a Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Carbide (MXene) Used as Efficient Catalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reactions. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:5102-5108. [PMID: 31271283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The design of efficient catalysts capable of delivering high currents at low overpotentials for hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs) is urgently needed to use catalysts in practical applications. Herein, we report platinum (Pt) alloyed with titanium (Ti) from the surface of Ti3C2Tx MXenes to form Pt3Ti intermetallic compound (IMC) nanoparticles (NPs) via in situ coreduction. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) indicates that Pt undergoes a temperature-dependent transformation from single atoms to intermetallic compounds, and the catalyst reduced at 550 °C exhibits a superior HER performance in acidic media. The Pt/Ti3C2Tx-550 catalyst outperforms commercial Pt/Vulcan and has a small overpotential of 32.7 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and a low Tafel slope of 32.3 mV dec-1. The HER current was normalized by the mass and dispersion of Pt, and the mass activity and specific activity of Pt/Ti3C2Tx-550 are 4.4 and 13 times higher, respectively, than those of Pt/Vulcan at an overpotential of 70 mV. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the (111)- and (100)-terminated Pt3Ti nanoparticles exhibit *H binding comparable to Pt(111), while the (110) termination has an *H adsorption that is too exergonic, thus poisoned in the low overpotential region. This work demonstrates the potential of MXenes as platforms for the design of electrocatalysts and may spur future research for other MXene-supported metal catalysts that can be used for a wide range of electrocatalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Siwen Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Tao Ma
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering , Ames National Laboratory , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Lin Zhou
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering , Ames National Laboratory , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Zhenwei Wu
- Davison School of Chemical Engineering , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey T Miller
- Davison School of Chemical Engineering , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Hongliang Xin
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
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11
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Study of PtO x/TiO₂ Photocatalysts in the Photocatalytic Reforming of Glycerol: The Role of Co-Catalyst Formation. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11101927. [PMID: 30308991 PMCID: PMC6212858 DOI: 10.3390/ma11101927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, relationships between preparation conditions, structure, and activity of Pt-containing TiO2 photocatalysts in photoinduced reforming of glycerol for H2 production were explored. Commercial Aerolyst® TiO2 (P25) and homemade TiO2 prepared by precipitation-aging method were used as semiconductors. Pt co-catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation from aqueous solution of Pt(NH3)4(NO3)2 and activated by calcination, high temperature hydrogen, or nitrogen treatments. The chemico-physical and structural properties were evaluated by XRD, 1H MAS NMR, ESR, XPS, TG-MS and TEM. The highest H2 evolution rate was observed over P25 based samples and the H2 treatment resulted in more active samples than the other co-catalyst formation methods. In all calcined samples, reduction of Pt occurred during the photocatalytic reaction. Platinum was more easily reducible in all of the P25 supported samples compared to those obtained from the more water-retentive homemade TiO2. This result was related to the negative effect of the adsorbed water content of the homemade TiO2 on Pt reduction and on particle growth during co-catalyst formation.
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12
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DeRita L, Dai S, Lopez-Zepeda K, Pham N, Graham GW, Pan X, Christopher P. Catalyst Architecture for Stable Single Atom Dispersion Enables Site-Specific Spectroscopic and Reactivity Measurements of CO Adsorbed to Pt Atoms, Oxidized Pt Clusters, and Metallic Pt Clusters on TiO2. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14150-14165. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leo DeRita
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, ‡Program in Materials
Science and Engineering, and §UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ⊥Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Sheng Dai
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, ‡Program in Materials
Science and Engineering, and §UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ⊥Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Kimberly Lopez-Zepeda
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, ‡Program in Materials
Science and Engineering, and §UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ⊥Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Nicholas Pham
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, ‡Program in Materials
Science and Engineering, and §UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ⊥Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - George W. Graham
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, ‡Program in Materials
Science and Engineering, and §UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ⊥Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, ‡Program in Materials
Science and Engineering, and §UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ⊥Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Phillip Christopher
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, ‡Program in Materials
Science and Engineering, and §UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ⊥Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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13
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Yan W, Kouk QY, Tan SX, Luo J, Liu Y. Effects of Pt 0 -PtO x particle size on 1-butene oxidative dehydrogenation to 1,3-butadiene using CO 2 as soft oxidant. J CO2 UTIL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Effect of thermal pretreatment on the surface structure of PtSn/SiO2 catalyst and its performance in acetic acid hydrogenation. Front Chem Sci Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-016-1583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Doronkin DE, Kuriganova AB, Leontyev IN, Baier S, Lichtenberg H, Smirnova NV, Grunwaldt JD. Electrochemically Synthesized Pt/Al2O3 Oxidation Catalysts. Catal Letters 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-015-1651-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Kaluža L, Larsen MJ, Zdražil M, Gulková D, Vít Z, Šolcová O, Soukup K, Koštejn M, Bonde JL, Maixnerová L, Odgaard M. Highly loaded carbon black supported Pt catalysts for fuel cells. Catal Today 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Sinkler W, Sanchez SI, Bradley SA, Wen J, Mishra B, Kelly SD, Bare SR. Aberration‐Corrected Transmission Electron Microscopy and In Situ XAFS Structural Characterization of Pt/γ‐Al
2
O
3
Nanoparticles. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jianguo Wen
- Electron Microscopy Center—Center for Nanoscale Materials, Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne IL 60439 USA
| | - Bhoopesh Mishra
- Physics Department, Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60016 USA
| | | | - Simon R. Bare
- UOP LLC, a Honeywell Company Des Plaines IL 60017 USA
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18
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Beloqui Redondo A, Fodor D, Brown MA, van Bokhoven JA. Formaldehyde, methanol and methyl formate from formic acid reaction over supported metal catalysts. CATAL COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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19
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Liu H, Zhou Y, Jiang Z, Gu S, Wei X, Huang Y, Zou Y, Xu H. QXAFS system of the BL14W1 XAFS beamline at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2012; 19:969-975. [PMID: 23093757 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049512038873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The quick-scanning XAFS (QXAFS) method is achieved at the BL14W1 XAFS beamline at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility based on the EPICS and LabVIEW systems. This is realised by the unprecedented use of LabVIEW's data logging and supervisory control module for communication with EPICS in synchrotron radiation facilities. A fine QXAFS spectrum with an energy range of 1.2 keV at the Cu K-edge has been collected in 2 s with stable beam position and the data quality is comparable with that of the step-mode XAFS spectrum. Analog-to-digital converter and double-crystal monochromator set-ups have been optimized in order to acquire optimal parameters for the QXAFS experiments. Signal-to-noise ratios of these spectra have been calculated in order to estimate the importance of these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liu
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhang Pu Dong District, Shanghai 201204, People's Republic of China
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20
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Belskaya OB, Mironenko RM, Gulyaeva TI, Duplyakin VK, Likholobov VA. Genesis of the active-component precursor in the synthesis of Pt/Al2O3 catalysts: III. Transformations of adsorbed platinum complexes during drying. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158412050011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Wada T, Bando KK, Miyamoto T, Takakusagi S, Oyama ST, Asakura K. Operando QEXAFS studies of Ni₂P during thiophene hydrodesulfurization: direct observation of Ni-S bond formation under reaction conditions. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2012; 19:205-209. [PMID: 22338680 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049512001197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Structural changes in Ni(2)P/MCM-41 were followed by quick extended X-ray absorption fine structure (QEXAFS) and were directly related to changes in X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) which had been used earlier for the study of the active catalyst phase. An equation is proposed to correct the transient QEXAFS spectra up to second-order in time to remove spectral distortions induced by structural changes occurring during measurements. A good correlation between the corrected QEXAFS and the XANES spectral changes was found, giving support to the conclusions derived from the XANES in the previous work, namely that the formation of a Ni-S bond in a surface NiPS phase is involved in the active site for the hydrodesulfurization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Wada
- Catalysis Research Center, Hokkaido University, Kita 21-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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22
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Mondloch JE, Bayram E, Finke RG. A review of the kinetics and mechanisms of formation of supported-nanoparticle heterogeneous catalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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23
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24
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Kim MY, Seo G, Park JH, Shin CH, Kim ES. Dispersion and Stability of Platinum Catalysts Supported on Titania-, Vanadia-, Zirconia- and Ceria-Incorporated Silicas. KOREAN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.9713/kcer.2011.49.1.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Leng M, Liu M, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Yu C, Yang X, Zhang H, Wang C. Polyhedral 50-Facet Cu2O Microcrystals Partially Enclosed by {311} High-Index Planes: Synthesis and Enhanced Catalytic CO Oxidation Activity. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:17084-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja106788x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Mingzhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Zhenqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Chao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Xiangguang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
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26
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Mondloch JE, Wang Q, Frenkel AI, Finke RG. Development Plus Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies of a Prototype Supported-Nanoparticle Heterogeneous Catalyst Formation System in Contact with Solution: Ir(1,5-COD)Cl/γ-Al2O3 and Its Reduction by H2 to Ir(0)n/γ-Al2O3. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:9701-14. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1030062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E. Mondloch
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, and Department of Physics, Yeshiva University, New York, New York 10016
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, and Department of Physics, Yeshiva University, New York, New York 10016
| | - Anatoly I. Frenkel
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, and Department of Physics, Yeshiva University, New York, New York 10016
| | - Richard G. Finke
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, and Department of Physics, Yeshiva University, New York, New York 10016
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27
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Mondloch JE, Yan X, Finke RG. Monitoring Supported-Nanocluster Heterogeneous Catalyst Formation: Product and Kinetic Evidence for a 2-Step, Nucleation and Autocatalytic Growth Mechanism of Pt(0)n Formation from H2PtCl6 on Al2O3 or TiO2. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:6389-96. [DOI: 10.1021/ja808980a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E. Mondloch
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Xinhuan Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Richard G. Finke
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
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28
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Bare SR, Ressler T. Chapter 6 Characterization of Catalysts in Reactive Atmospheres by X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy. ADVANCES IN CATALYSIS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0360-0564(08)00006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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29
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Preparation of Highly Dispersive and Stable Platinum Catalysts Supported on Siliceous SBA-15 Mesoporous Material: Roles of Titania Layer Incorporation and Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment. Catal Letters 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-008-9790-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Pyrz WD, Buttrey DJ. Particle size determination using TEM: a discussion of image acquisition and analysis for the novice microscopist. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:11350-60. [PMID: 18729338 DOI: 10.1021/la801367j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
As nanoparticle synthesis capabilities advance, there is an increasing need for reliable nanoparticle size distribution analysis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to directly image nanoparticles at scales approaching a single atom. However, the advantage gained by being able to "see" these nanoparticles comes with several tradeoffs that must be addressed and balanced. For effective nanoparticle characterization, the proper selection of imaging type (bright vs dark field), magnification, and analysis method (manual vs automated) is critical. These decisions control the measurement resolution, the contrast between the particle and background, the number of particles in each image, the subsequent analysis efficiency, and the proper determination of the particle-background boundary and affect the significance of electron beam damage to the sample. In this work, the relationship between the critical decisions required for TEM analysis of small nanoparticles and the statistical effects of these factors on the resulting size distribution is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Pyrz
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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31
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Alexeev OS, Siani A, Lafaye G, Williams CT, Ploehn HJ, Amiridis MD. EXAFS Characterization of Dendrimer−Pt Nanocomposites Used for the Preparation of Pt/γ-Al2O3Catalysts. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:24903-14. [PMID: 17149911 DOI: 10.1021/jp063787+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pt/gamma-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared using hydroxyl-terminated generation four (G4OH) PAMAM dendrimers as the templating agents and the various steps of the preparation process were monitored by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. The EXAFS results indicate that, upon hydrolysis, chlorine ligands in the H(2)PtCl(6) and K(2)PtCl(4) precursors were partially replaced by aquo ligands to form [PtCl3(H2O)3]+ and [PtCl2(H2O)2] species, respectively. The results further suggest that, after interaction of such species with the dendrimer molecules, chlorine ligands from the first coordination shell of Pt were replaced by nitrogen atoms from the dendrimer interior, indicating that complexation took place. This process was accompanied by a substantial transfer of electron density from the dendrimer to platinum, indicating that the dendrimer plays the role of a ligand. Following treatment of the H(2)PtCl(6)/G4OH and K(2)PtCl(4)/G4OH complexes with NaBH4, no substantial changes were observed in the electronic or coordination environment of platinum, indicating that metal nanoparticles were not formed during this step under our experimental conditions. However, when the reduction treatment was performed with H2, the formation of extremely small platinum clusters, incorporating no more than four Pt atoms was observed. The nuclearity of these clusters depends on the length of the hydrogen treatment. These Pt species remained strongly bonded to the dendrimer. Formation of larger platinum nanoparticles, with an average diameter of approximately 10 A, was finally observed after the deposition and drying of the H(2)PtCl(6)/G4OH nanocomposites on a gamma-Al(2)O(3) surface, suggesting that the formation of such nanoparticles may be related to the collapse of the dendrimer structure. The platinum nanoparticles formed appear to have high mobility because subsequent thermal treatment in O2/H2, used to remove the dendrimer component, led to further sintering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg S Alexeev
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
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32
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White B, Yin M, Hall A, Le D, Stolbov S, Rahman T, Turro N, O'Brien S. Complete CO oxidation over Cu2O nanoparticles supported on silica gel. NANO LETTERS 2006; 6:2095-8. [PMID: 16968032 DOI: 10.1021/nl061457v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We find that nearly monodisperse copper oxide nanoparticles prepared via the thermal decomposition of a Cu(I) precursor exhibit exceptional activity toward CO oxidation in CO/O2/N2 mixtures. Greater than 99.5% conversion of CO to CO2 could be achieved at temperatures less than 250 degrees C for over 12 h. In addition, the phase diagram and pathway for CO oxidation on Cu2O (100) is computed by ab initio methods and found to be in qualitative agreement with the experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian White
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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33
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Ramallo-López J, Requejo F, Craievich A, Wei J, Avalos-Borja M, Iglesia E. Complementary methods for cluster size distribution measurements: supported platinum nanoclusters in methane reforming catalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2004.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Bazin D, Rehr JJ. Limits and Advantages of X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure for Nanometer Scale Metallic Clusters. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0223051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Bazin
- LURE, Bât. 209 D, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 ORSAY Cedex, France, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - J. J. Rehr
- LURE, Bât. 209 D, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 ORSAY Cedex, France, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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35
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2002; 37:652-661. [PMID: 12112749 DOI: 10.1002/jms.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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