1
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Giraud A, Imbert L, Favier A, Henot F, Duffieux F, Samson C, Frances O, Crublet E, Boisbouvier J. Enabling site-specific NMR investigations of therapeutic Fab using a cell-free based isotopic labeling approach: application to anti-LAMP1 Fab. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2024; 78:73-86. [PMID: 38546905 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-023-00433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are biotherapeutics that have achieved outstanding success in treating many life-threatening and chronic diseases. The recognition of an antigen is mediated by the fragment antigen binding (Fab) regions composed by four different disulfide bridge-linked immunoglobulin domains. NMR is a powerful method to assess the integrity, the structure and interaction of Fabs, but site specific analysis has been so far hampered by the size of the Fabs and the lack of approaches to produce isotopically labeled samples. We proposed here an efficient in vitro method to produce [15N, 13C, 2H]-labeled Fabs enabling high resolution NMR investigations of these powerful therapeutics. As an open system, the cell-free expression mode enables fine-tuned control of the redox potential in presence of disulfide bond isomerase to enhance the formation of native disulfide bonds. Moreover, inhibition of transaminases in the S30 cell-free extract offers the opportunity to produce perdeuterated Fab samples directly in 1H2O medium, without the need for a time-consuming and inefficient refolding process. This specific protocol was applied to produce an optimally labeled sample of a therapeutic Fab, enabling the sequential assignment of 1HN, 15N, 13C', 13Cα, 13Cβ resonances of a full-length Fab. 90% of the backbone resonances of a Fab domain directed against the human LAMP1 glycoprotein were assigned successfully, opening new opportunities to study, at atomic resolution, Fabs' higher order structures, dynamics and interactions, using solution-state NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Giraud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 71, Avenue des Martyrs, 38044, Grenoble, France
- Sanofi Research & Development, 94403, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
- NMR-Bio, 5 place Robert Schuman, 38025, Grenoble, France
| | - Lionel Imbert
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 71, Avenue des Martyrs, 38044, Grenoble, France
| | - Adrien Favier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 71, Avenue des Martyrs, 38044, Grenoble, France
| | - Faustine Henot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 71, Avenue des Martyrs, 38044, Grenoble, France
- Sanofi Research & Development, 94403, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | | | - Camille Samson
- Sanofi Research & Development, 94403, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Oriane Frances
- Sanofi Research & Development, 94403, Vitry-sur-Seine, France.
| | - Elodie Crublet
- NMR-Bio, 5 place Robert Schuman, 38025, Grenoble, France.
| | - Jérôme Boisbouvier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 71, Avenue des Martyrs, 38044, Grenoble, France.
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2
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Subedi GP, Roberts ET, Davis AR, Kremer PG, Amster IJ, Barb AW. A comprehensive assessment of selective amino acid 15N-labeling in human embryonic kidney 293 cells for NMR spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2024; 78:125-132. [PMID: 38407675 PMCID: PMC11178438 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-023-00434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
A large proportion of human proteins contain post-translational modifications that cannot be synthesized by prokaryotes. Thus, mammalian expression systems are often employed to characterize structure/function relationships using NMR spectroscopy. Here we define the selective isotope labeling of secreted, post-translationally modified proteins using human embryonic kidney (HEK)293 cells. We determined that alpha-[15N]- atoms from 10 amino acids experience minimal metabolic scrambling (C, F, H, K, M, N, R, T, W, Y). Two more interconvert to each other (G, S). Six others experience significant scrambling (A, D, E, I, L, V). We also demonstrate that tuning culture conditions suppressed V and I scrambling. These results define expectations for 15N-labeling in HEK293 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh P Subedi
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Elijah T Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, 30602, GA, USA
| | - Alexander R Davis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 120 E. Green St., Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Paul G Kremer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 120 E. Green St., Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - I Jonathan Amster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, 30602, GA, USA
| | - Adam W Barb
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, 30602, GA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 120 E. Green St., Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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3
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Moghoufei L, Mehrabi M, Adibi H, Khodarahmi R. Synthesis of 4-hydroxy- L-proline derivatives as new non-classical inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrase II activity: an in vitro study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:7975-7985. [PMID: 36166619 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2127905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a zinc metalloenzyme that facilitates the rapid conversion of water and carbon dioxide into proton and bicarbonate ion. CA isozymes have been broadly studied in many pathological/physiological processes. In the current research, a series of 4-hydroxy-L-proline derivatives were designed and chemically synthetized, and interaction of these carboxylic acid-based compounds with hCA II were evaluated. Results indicated that different derivatives had different potencies on hCAII inhibitory activity and among them, compounds 3 b and 3c had the lowest IC50 and Kd values than 4-hydroxy-L-proline and other derivatives and therefore had the most affinity to the hCA II enzyme. As a result, compounds 3 b and 3c were chosen for additional testing in this research. The Kinetic data demonstrated that 3 b and 3c inhibit the hCA II esterase activity in a linear competitive way, with Ki values in the low micromolar range. Fluorescence tests showed that the hCA II surface hydrophobicity is diminished in the presence of compounds 3 b and 3c, as confirmed by the decrease in ANS binding to hCA II in their presence. Docking results revealed that 3 b and 3c had more binding energy than 4-hydroxy-L-proline. Furthermore, these compounds could occupy the active site of hCA II, where they would interact with critical amino acid residues via non-covalent forces to inhibit hCA II. Overall, the strengthening of inhibitory activity and the binding power of these carboxylic acid derivatives (3 b and 3c) for the hCA II makes these compounds interesting for designing novel hCA II inhibitors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Moghoufei
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masomeh Mehrabi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hadi Adibi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Khodarahmi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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4
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Singh H, Das CK, Buchmuller BC, Schäfer LV, Summerer D, Linser R. Epigenetic CpG duplex marks probed by an evolved DNA reader via a well-tempered conformational plasticity. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:6495-6506. [PMID: 36919612 PMCID: PMC10325892 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
5-methylcytosine (mC) and its TET-oxidized derivatives exist in CpG dyads of mammalian DNA and regulate cell fate, but how their individual combinations in the two strands of a CpG act as distinct regulatory signals is poorly understood. Readers that selectively recognize such novel 'CpG duplex marks' could be versatile tools for studying their biological functions, but their design represents an unprecedented selectivity challenge. By mutational studies, NMR relaxation, and MD simulations, we here show that the selectivity of the first designer reader for an oxidized CpG duplex mark hinges on precisely tempered conformational plasticity of the scaffold adopted during directed evolution. Our observations reveal the critical aspect of defined motional features in this novel reader for affinity and specificity in the DNA/protein interaction, providing unexpected prospects for further design progress in this novel area of DNA recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Chandan K Das
- Theoretical Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Benjamin C Buchmuller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lars V Schäfer
- Theoretical Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Summerer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Rasmus Linser
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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5
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Alexandrescu AT, Dregni AJ, Teschke CM. NMR detection and conformational dependence of two, three, and four-bond isotope shifts due to deuteration of backbone amides. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2023; 77:93-109. [PMID: 37093339 PMCID: PMC10724557 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-023-00414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
NMR isotope shifts occur due to small differences in nuclear shielding when nearby atoms are different isotopes. For molecules dissolved in 1:1 H2O:D2O, the resulting mixture of N-H and N-D isotopes leads to a small splitting of resonances from adjacent nuclei. We used multidimensional NMR to measure isotope shifts for the proteins CUS-3iD and CspA. We observed four-bond 4∆N(ND) isotope shifts in high-resolution 2D 15N-TROSY experiments of the perdeuterated proteins that correlate with the torsional angle psi. Three-bond 3∆C'(ND) isotope shifts detected in H(N)CO spectra correlate with the intraresidue H-O distance, and to a lesser extent with the dihedral angle phi. The conformational dependence of the isotope shifts agree with those previously reported in the literature. Both the 4∆N(ND) and 3∆C'(ND) isotope shifts are sensitive to distances between the atoms giving rise to the isotope shifts and the atoms experiencing the splitting, however, these distances are strongly correlated with backbone dihedral angles making it difficult to resolve distance from stereochemical contributions to the isotope shift. H(NCA)CO spectra were used to measure two-bond 2∆C'(ND) isotope shifts and [D]/[H] fractionation factors. Neither parameter showed significant differences for hydrogen-bonded sites, or changes over a 25° temperature range, suggesting they are not sensitive to hydrogen bonding. Finally, the quartet that arises from the combination of 2∆C'(ND) and 3∆C'(ND) isotope shifts in H(CA)CO spectra was used to measure synchronized hydrogen exchange for the sequence neighbors A315-S316 in the protein CUS-3iD. In many of our experiments we observed minor resonances due to the 10% D2O used for the sample deuterium lock, indicating isotope shifts can be a source of spectral heterogeneity in standard NMR experiments. We suggest that applications of isotope shifts such as conformational analysis and correlated hydrogen exchange could benefit from the larger magnetic fields becoming available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei T Alexandrescu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-3125, USA.
| | - Aurelio J Dregni
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Carolyn M Teschke
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-3125, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-3060, USA
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6
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Pipercevic J, Kohl B, Gerasimaite R, Comte-Miserez V, Hostachy S, Müntener T, Agustoni E, Jessen HJ, Fiedler D, Mayer A, Hiller S. Inositol pyrophosphates activate the vacuolar transport chaperone complex in yeast by disrupting a homotypic SPX domain interaction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2645. [PMID: 37156835 PMCID: PMC10167327 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38315-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Many proteins involved in eukaryotic phosphate homeostasis are regulated by SPX domains. In yeast, the vacuolar transporter chaperone (VTC) complex contains two such domains, but mechanistic details of its regulation are not well understood. Here, we show at the atomic level how inositol pyrophosphates interact with SPX domains of subunits Vtc2 and Vtc3 to control the activity of the VTC complex. Vtc2 inhibits the catalytically active VTC subunit Vtc4 by homotypic SPX-SPX interactions via the conserved helix α1 and the previously undescribed helix α7. Binding of inositol pyrophosphates to Vtc2 abrogates this interaction, thus activating the VTC complex. Accordingly, VTC activation is also achieved by site-specific point mutations that disrupt the SPX-SPX interface. Structural data suggest that ligand binding induces reorientation of helix α1 and exposes the modifiable helix α7, which might facilitate its post-translational modification in vivo. The variable composition of these regions within the SPX domain family might contribute to the diversified SPX functions in eukaryotic phosphate homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joka Pipercevic
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bastian Kohl
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ruta Gerasimaite
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Chemin des Boveresses 155, CP51 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Véronique Comte-Miserez
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Chemin des Boveresses 155, CP51 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Hostachy
- Department of Chemical Biology, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Müntener
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elia Agustoni
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henning Jacob Jessen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dorothea Fiedler
- Department of Chemical Biology, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Mayer
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Chemin des Boveresses 155, CP51 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Hiller
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
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7
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McCord JJ, Engavale M, Masoumzadeh E, Villarreal J, Mapp B, Latham MP, Keyel PA, Sutton RB. Structural features of Dnase1L3 responsible for serum antigen clearance. Commun Biol 2022; 5:825. [PMID: 35974043 PMCID: PMC9381713 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03755-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity develops when extracellular DNA released from dying cells is not cleared from serum. While serum DNA is primarily digested by Dnase1 and Dnase1L3, Dnase1 cannot rescue autoimmunity arising from Dnase1L3 deficiencies. Dnase1L3 uniquely degrades antigenic forms of cell-free DNA, including DNA complexed with lipids and proteins. The distinct activity of Dnase1L3 relies on its unique C-terminal Domain (CTD), but the mechanism is unknown. We used multiple biophysical techniques and functional assays to study the interplay between the core catalytic domain and the CTD. While the core domain resembles Dnase1, there are key structural differences between the two enzymes. First, Dnase1L3 is not inhibited by actin due to multiple differences in the actin recognition site. Second, the CTD augments the ability of the core to bind DNA, thereby facilitating the degradation of complexed DNA. Together, these structural insights will inform the development of Dnase1L3-based therapies for autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon J McCord
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dept of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Minal Engavale
- Texas Tech University, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Elahe Masoumzadeh
- Texas Tech University, Dept. of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Johanna Villarreal
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dept of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Britney Mapp
- Texas Tech University, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Michael P Latham
- Texas Tech University, Dept. of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Peter A Keyel
- Texas Tech University, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - R Bryan Sutton
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dept of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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8
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Abstract
Membrane proteins (MPs) play essential roles in numerous cellular processes. Because around 70% of the currently marketed drugs target MPs, a detailed understanding of their structure, binding properties, and functional dynamics in a physiologically relevant environment is crucial for a more detailed understanding of this important protein class. We here summarize the benefits of using lipid nanodiscs for NMR structural investigations and provide a detailed overview of the currently used lipid nanodisc systems as well as their applications in solution-state NMR. Despite the increasing use of other structural methods for the structure determination of MPs in lipid nanodiscs, solution NMR turns out to be a versatile tool to probe a wide range of MP features, ranging from the structure determination of small to medium-sized MPs to probing ligand and partner protein binding as well as functionally relevant dynamical signatures in a lipid nanodisc setting. We will expand on these topics by discussing recent NMR studies with lipid nanodiscs and work out a key workflow for optimizing the nanodisc incorporation of an MP for subsequent NMR investigations. With this, we hope to provide a comprehensive background to enable an informed assessment of the applicability of lipid nanodiscs for NMR studies of a particular MP of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Günsel
- Bavarian NMR Center (BNMRZ) at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Franz Hagn
- Bavarian NMR Center (BNMRZ) at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 2, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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9
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Anklin C, Byrd RA. Combined multi-band decoupling in biomolecular NMR spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2021; 75:89-95. [PMID: 33751371 PMCID: PMC8317164 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-021-00360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Multi-resonance NMR experiments are powerful analytical and structural tools. Their conceptualization assumes that RF fields may be combined independently to manipulate spin interactions. However, practical implementation can compromise performance. One limitation is the generation of combination bands when two or more RF fields are applied simultaneously within the NMR probe. The combination bands can lead to significant interference with the detection circuitry. A facile approach to combined multi-band decoupling can resolve these problems and increase sensitivity two-fold (or more), by time sharing the application of the individual frequencies rather than time sharing decoupling and data acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Andrew Byrd
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
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10
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Cabaleiro-Lago C, Lundqvist M. The Effect of Nanoparticles on the Structure and Enzymatic Activity of Human Carbonic Anhydrase I and II. Molecules 2020; 25:E4405. [PMID: 32992797 PMCID: PMC7582742 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human carbonic anhydrases (hCAs) belong to a well characterized group of metalloenzymes that catalyze the conversion of carbonic dioxide into bicarbonate. There are currently 15 known human isoforms of carbonic anhydrase with different functions and distribution in the body. This links to the relevance of hCA variants to several diseases such as glaucoma, epilepsy, mountain sickness, ulcers, osteoporosis, obesity and cancer. This review will focus on two of the human isoforms, hCA I and hCA II. Both are cytosolic enzymes with similar topology and 60% sequence homology but different catalytic efficiency and stability. Proteins in general adsorb on surfaces and this is also the case for hCA I and hCA II. The adsorption process can lead to alteration of the original function of the protein. However, if the function is preserved interesting biotechnological applications can be developed. This review will cover the knowledge about the interaction between hCAs and nanomaterials. We will highlight how the interaction may lead to conformational changes that render the enzyme inactive. Moreover, the importance of different factors on the final effect on hCAs, such as protein stability, protein hydrophobic or charged patches and chemistry of the nanoparticle surface will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Cabaleiro-Lago
- Department of Environmental Science and Bioscience, Kristianstad University, 29188 Kristianstad, Sweden;
| | - Martin Lundqvist
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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11
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Nichols PJ, Falconer I, Griffin A, Mant C, Hodges R, McKnight CJ, Vögeli B, Vugmeyster L. Deuteration of nonexchangeable protons on proteins affects their thermal stability, side-chain dynamics, and hydrophobicity. Protein Sci 2020; 29:1641-1654. [PMID: 32356390 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the effect of deuteration of non-exchangeable protons on protein global thermal stability, hydrophobicity, and local flexibility using well-known thermostable model systems such as the villin headpiece subdomain (HP36) and the third immunoglobulin G-binding domain of protein G (GB3). Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) measurements as a function of temperature probe global thermal stability in the presence of acetonitrile, while differential scanning calorimetry determines thermal stability in solution. Both indicate small but measurable changes in the order of several degrees. RP-HPLC also permitted quantification of the effect of deuteration of just three core phenylalanine side chains of HP36. NMR dynamics investigation has focused on methyl axes motions using cross-correlated relaxation measurements. The analysis of order parameters provided a complex picture indicating that deuteration generally increases motional amplitudes of sub-nanosecond motion in GB3 but decreases those in HP36. Combined with earlier dynamics measurements at Cα -Cβ sites and backbone sites of GB3, which probed slower time scales, the results point to the need to probe multiple atoms in the protein and variety of time scales to the discern the full complexity of the effects of deuteration on dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker J Nichols
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Isaac Falconer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado at Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aaron Griffin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado at Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Colin Mant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Robert Hodges
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Christopher J McKnight
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Beat Vögeli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Liliya Vugmeyster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado at Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
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12
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Reardon PN, Jara KA, Rolland AD, Smith DA, Hoang HTM, Prell JS, Barbar EJ. The dynein light chain 8 (LC8) binds predominantly "in-register" to a multivalent intrinsically disordered partner. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:4912-4922. [PMID: 32139510 PMCID: PMC7152752 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynein light chain 8 (LC8) interacts with intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and influences a wide range of biological processes. It is becoming apparent that among the numerous IDPs that interact with LC8, many contain multiple LC8-binding sites. Although it is established that LC8 forms parallel IDP duplexes with some partners, such as nucleoporin Nup159 and dynein intermediate chain, the molecular details of these interactions and LC8's interactions with other diverse partners remain largely uncharacterized. LC8 dimers could bind in either a paired "in-register" or a heterogeneous off-register manner to any of the available sites on a multivalent partner. Here, using NMR chemical shift perturbation, analytical ultracentrifugation, and native electrospray ionization MS, we show that LC8 forms a predominantly in-register complex when bound to an IDP domain of the multivalent regulatory protein ASCIZ. Using saturation transfer difference NMR, we demonstrate that at substoichiometric LC8 concentrations, the IDP domain preferentially binds to one of the three LC8 recognition motifs. Further, the differential dynamic behavior for the three sites and the size of the fully bound complex confirmed an in-register complex. Dynamics measurements also revealed that coupling between sites depends on the linker length separating these sites. These results identify linker length and motif specificity as drivers of in-register binding in the multivalent LC8-IDP complex assembly and the degree of compositional and conformational heterogeneity as a promising emerging mechanism for tuning of binding and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick N Reardon
- Oregon State University NMR Facility, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Kayla A Jara
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Amber D Rolland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403
| | - Delaney A Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Hanh T M Hoang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - James S Prell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403
- Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403
| | - Elisar J Barbar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
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13
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Schütz S, Sprangers R. Methyl TROSY spectroscopy: A versatile NMR approach to study challenging biological systems. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 116:56-84. [PMID: 32130959 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A major goal in structural biology is to unravel how molecular machines function in detail. To that end, solution-state NMR spectroscopy is ideally suited as it is able to study biological assemblies in a near natural environment. Based on methyl TROSY methods, it is now possible to record high-quality data on complexes that are far over 100 kDa in molecular weight. In this review, we discuss the theoretical background of methyl TROSY spectroscopy, the information that can be extracted from methyl TROSY spectra and approaches that can be used to assign methyl resonances in large complexes. In addition, we touch upon insights that have been obtained for a number of challenging biological systems, including the 20S proteasome, the RNA exosome, molecular chaperones and G-protein-coupled receptors. We anticipate that methyl TROSY methods will be increasingly important in modern structural biology approaches, where information regarding static structures is complemented with insights into conformational changes and dynamic intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schütz
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Remco Sprangers
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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14
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East KW, Newton JC, Morzan UN, Narkhede Y, Acharya A, Skeens E, Jogl G, Batista VS, Palermo G, Lisi GP. Allosteric Motions of the CRISPR-Cas9 HNH Nuclease Probed by NMR and Molecular Dynamics. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1348-1358. [PMID: 31885264 PMCID: PMC7497131 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas9 is a widely employed genome-editing tool with functionality reliant on the ability of the Cas9 endonuclease to introduce site-specific breaks in double-stranded DNA. In this system, an intriguing allosteric communication has been suggested to control its DNA cleavage activity through flexibility of the catalytic HNH domain. Here, solution NMR experiments and a novel Gaussian-accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) simulation method are used to capture the structural and dynamic determinants of allosteric signaling within the HNH domain. We reveal the existence of a millisecond time scale dynamic pathway that spans HNH from the region interfacing the adjacent RuvC nuclease and propagates up to the DNA recognition lobe in full-length CRISPR-Cas9. These findings reveal a potential route of signal transduction within the CRISPR-Cas9 HNH nuclease, advancing our understanding of the allosteric pathway of activation. Further, considering the role of allosteric signaling in the specificity of CRISPR-Cas9, this work poses the mechanistic basis for novel engineering efforts aimed at improving its genome-editing capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle W. East
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States
| | - Jocelyn C. Newton
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States
| | - Uriel N. Morzan
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 , United States
| | - Yogesh Narkhede
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 52512, United States
| | - Atanu Acharya
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 , United States
| | - Erin Skeens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States
| | - Gerwald Jogl
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States
| | - Victor S. Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 , United States
| | - Giulia Palermo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 52512, United States
| | - George P. Lisi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States
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15
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Study of glycation process of human carbonic anhydrase II as well as investigation concerning inhibitory influence of 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate on it. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:443-449. [PMID: 31978481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycation is a non-enzymatic reaction between carbonyl groups in sugar and free amino groups in proteins. This reaction leads to changes in structure and functions of proteins in which the advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are the final outcome and cause many complications in diabetic patients. We herein examined the effect of fasting on the glycation process of human Carbonic anhydrase II under physiological conditions (37 °C and pH 7.4) employing various techniques, including Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and CD Spectroscopy. We found an increased 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate upon fasting. We studied various samples of control carbonic anhydrase (without glucose and 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate), carbonic anhydrase with glucose, carbonic anhydrase treated with 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and carbonic anhydrase along with glucose and 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate. The samples were incubated for 35 days under physiological conditions. Our results indicated that 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate inhibited the glycation process, decreased glucose binding to the protein, prevented the formation of AGEs, and modified the enzyme activity. Our findings would open new windows toward the enzymatic procedure which would have profound implication in understanding the diabetes mechanisms.
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16
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Effect of disease-linked mutations on the structure, function, stability and aggregation of human carbonic anhydrase II. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 143:472-482. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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NMR and computational methods for molecular resolution of allosteric pathways in enzyme complexes. Biophys Rev 2019; 12:155-174. [PMID: 31838649 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-019-00609-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Allostery is a ubiquitous biological mechanism in which a distant binding site is coupled to and drastically alters the function of a catalytic site in a protein. Allostery provides a high level of spatial and temporal control of the integrity and activity of biomolecular assembles composed of proteins, nucleic acids, or small molecules. Understanding the physical forces that drive allosteric coupling is critical to harnessing this process for use in bioengineering, de novo protein design, and drug discovery. Current microscopic models of allostery highlight the importance of energetics, structural rearrangements, and conformational fluctuations, and in this review, we discuss the synergistic use of solution NMR spectroscopy and computational methods to probe these phenomena in allosteric systems, particularly protein-nucleic acid complexes. This combination of experimental and theoretical techniques facilitates an unparalleled detection of subtle changes to structural and dynamic equilibria in biomolecules with atomic resolution, and we provide a detailed discussion of specialized NMR experiments as well as the complementary methods that provide valuable insight into allosteric pathways in silico. Lastly, we highlight two case studies to demonstrate the adaptability of this approach to enzymes of varying size and mechanistic complexity.
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18
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Perera YR, Hill RA, Fitzkee NC. Protein Interactions with Nanoparticle Surfaces: Highlighting Solution NMR Techniques. Isr J Chem 2019; 59:962-979. [PMID: 34045771 PMCID: PMC8152826 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, nanoparticles (NPs) have become a key tool in medicine and biotechnology as drug delivery systems, biosensors and diagnostic devices. The composition and surface chemistry of NPs vary based on the materials used: typically organic polymers, inorganic materials, or lipids. Nanoparticle classes can be further divided into sub-categories depending on the surface modification and functionalization. These surface properties matter when NPs are introduced into a physiological environment, as they will influence how nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins will interact with the NP surface. While small-molecule interactions are easily probed using NMR spectroscopy, studying protein-NP interactions using NMR introduces several challenges. For example, globular proteins may have a perturbed conformation when attached to a foreign surface, and the size of NP-protein conjugates can lead to excessive line broadening. Many of these challenges have been addressed, and NMR spectroscopy is becoming a mature technique for in situ analysis of NP binding behavior. It is therefore not surprising that NMR has been applied to NP systems and has been used to study biomolecules on NP surfaces. Important considerations include corona composition, protein behavior, and ligand architecture. These features are difficult to resolve using classical surface and material characterization strategies, and NMR provides a complementary avenue of characterization. In this review, we examine how solution NMR can be combined with other analytical techniques to investigate protein behavior on NP surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Randika Perera
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Rebecca A Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Nicholas C Fitzkee
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
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19
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Singh H, Vasa SK, Jangra H, Rovó P, Päslack C, Das CK, Zipse H, Schäfer LV, Linser R. Fast Microsecond Dynamics of the Protein–Water Network in the Active Site of Human Carbonic Anhydrase II Studied by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19276-19288. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Singh
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Suresh K. Vasa
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Harish Jangra
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Petra Rovó
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher Päslack
- Theoretical Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Chandan K. Das
- Theoretical Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Hendrik Zipse
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lars V. Schäfer
- Theoretical Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Rasmus Linser
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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20
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Chemometrical-electrochemical investigation for comparing inhibitory effects of quercetin and its sulfonamide derivative on human carbonic anhydrase II: Theoretical and experimental evidence. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 136:377-385. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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21
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Kay LE. The evolution of solution state NMR pulse sequences through the 'eyes' of triple-resonance spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2019; 306:48-54. [PMID: 31324584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Careful pulse sequence design and optimization is critical to the success of a given NMR experiment. Over the past several decades the level of sophistication of NMR pulse sequences has increased tremendously, leading to large spectral sensitivity and resolution improvements, to data sets with far fewer artifacts, and to much more rapid acquisition times, opening up a wide range of applications. Here I briefly highlight how pulse sequence 'engineering' has evolved, focusing on liquid state NMR, and, in particular, on the HNCA-class of triple-resonance experiment. In many respects, the evolution of triple-resonance NMR mirrors the evolution of solution state NMR experiments in general, with 'tricks' that first appeared in triple-resonance pulse sequences or that were motivated by them now incorporated into a broad range of experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis E Kay
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Chemistry, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Hospital for Sick Children, Program in Molecular Medicine, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada.
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22
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Zimmermann K, Joss D, Müntener T, Nogueira ES, Schäfer M, Knörr L, Monnard FW, Häussinger D. Localization of ligands within human carbonic anhydrase II using 19F pseudocontact shift analysis. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5064-5072. [PMID: 31183057 PMCID: PMC6530540 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05683h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Unraveling the native structure of protein-ligand complexes in solution enables rational drug design. We report here the use of 19F pseudocontact shift (PCS) NMR as a method to determine fluorine positions of high affinity ligands bound within the drug target human carbonic anhydrase II with high accuracy. Three different ligands were localized within the protein by analysis of the obtained PCS from simple one-dimensional 19F spectra with an accuracy of up to 0.8 Å. In order to validate the PCS, four to five independent magnetic susceptibility tensors induced by lanthanide chelating tags bound site-specifically to single cysteine mutants were refined. Least-squares minimization and a Monte-Carlo approach allowed the assessment of experimental errors on the intersection of the corresponding four to five PCS isosurfaces. By defining an angle score that reflects the relative isosurface orientation for different tensor combinations, it was established that the ligand can be localized accurately using only three tensors, if the isosurfaces are close to orthogonal. For two out of three ligands, the determined position closely matched the X-ray coordinates. Our results for the third ligand suggest, in accordance with previously reported ab initio calculations, a rotated position for the difluorophenyl substituent, enabling a favorable interaction with Phe-131. The lanthanide-fluorine distance varied between 22 and 38 Å and induced 19F PCS ranged from 0.078 to 0.409 ppm, averaging to 0.213 ppm. Accordingly, even longer metal-fluorine distances will lead to meaningful PCS, rendering the investigation of protein-ligand complexes significantly larger than 30 kDa feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaspar Zimmermann
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland .
| | - Daniel Joss
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland .
| | - Thomas Müntener
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland .
| | - Elisa S Nogueira
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland .
| | - Marc Schäfer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland .
| | - Livia Knörr
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland .
| | - Fabien W Monnard
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland .
| | - Daniel Häussinger
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland .
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23
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Fuglestad B, Marques BS, Jorge C, Kerstetter NE, Valentine KG, Wand AJ. Reverse Micelle Encapsulation of Proteins for NMR Spectroscopy. Methods Enzymol 2018; 615:43-75. [PMID: 30638537 PMCID: PMC6487188 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2018.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reverse micelle (RM) encapsulation of proteins for NMR spectroscopy has many advantages over standard NMR methods such as enhanced tumbling and improved sensitivity. It has opened many otherwise difficult lines of investigation including the study of membrane-associated proteins, large soluble proteins, unstable protein states, and the study of protein surface hydration dynamics. Recent technological developments have extended the ability of RM encapsulation with high structural fidelity for nearly all proteins and thereby allow high-quality state-of-the-art NMR spectroscopy. Optimal conditions are achieved using a streamlined screening protocol, which is described here. Commonly studied proteins spanning a range of molecular weights are used as examples. Very low-viscosity alkane solvents, such as propane or ethane, are useful for studying very large proteins but require the use of specialized equipment to permit preparation and maintenance of well-behaved solutions under elevated pressure. The procedures for the preparation and use of solutions of RMs in liquefied ethane and propane are described. The focus of this chapter is to provide procedures to optimally encapsulate proteins in reverse micelles for modern NMR applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Fuglestad
- Johnson Research Foundation and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Bryan S Marques
- Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Christine Jorge
- Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nicole E Kerstetter
- Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kathleen G Valentine
- Johnson Research Foundation and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - A Joshua Wand
- Johnson Research Foundation and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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24
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Alaei L, Khodarahmi R, Sheikh-Hasani V, Sheibani N, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Mechanistic investigation of sulfonamide ligands as human carbonic anhydrase II inhibitors. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:1198-1207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Bolton D, Brown LS, Ladizhansky V. Partial solid-state NMR 1H, 13C, 15N resonance assignments of a perdeuterated back-exchanged seven-transmembrane helical protein Anabaena Sensory Rhodopsin. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2018; 12:237-242. [PMID: 29572785 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-018-9815-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Anabaena Sensory Rhodopsin (ASR) is a unique photochromic membrane-embedded photosensor which interacts with soluble transducer and is likely involved in a light-dependent gene regulation in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. We report partial spectroscopic 1H, 13C and 15N assignments of perdeuterated and back-exchanged ASR reconstituted in lipids. The reported assignments are in general agreement with previously determined assignments of carbon and nitrogen resonances in fully protonated samples. Because the back-exchange was performed on ASR in a detergent-solubilized state, the location of detected residues reports on the solvent accessibility of ASR in detergent. A comparison with the results of previously published hydrogen/exchange data collected on the ASR reconstituted in lipids, suggests that the protein has larger solvent accessible surface in the detergent-solubilized state.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bolton
- Department of Physics and Biophysics Interdepartmental Group, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Leonid S Brown
- Department of Physics and Biophysics Interdepartmental Group, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Vladimir Ladizhansky
- Department of Physics and Biophysics Interdepartmental Group, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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26
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Vugmeyster L, Griffin A, Ostrovsky D, Bhattacharya S, Nichols PJ, McKnight CJ, Vögeli B. Correlated motions of C'-N and C α-C β pairs in protonated and per-deuterated GB3. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2018; 72:39-54. [PMID: 30121872 PMCID: PMC6218248 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-018-0205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated correlated µs-ms time scale motions of neighboring 13C'-15N and 13Cα-13Cβ nuclei in both protonated and perdeuterated samples of GB3. The techniques employed, NMR relaxation due to cross-correlated chemical shift modulations, specifically target concerted changes in the isotropic chemical shifts of the two nuclei associated with spatial fluctuations. Field-dependence of the relaxation rates permits identification of the parameters defining the chemical exchange rate constant under the assumption of a two-site exchange. The time scale of motions falls into the intermediate to fast regime (with respect to the chemical shift time scale, 100-400 s-1 range) for the 13C'-15N pairs and into the slow to intermediate regime for the 13Cα-13Cβ pairs (about 150 s-1). Comparison of the results obtained for protonated and deuterated GB3 suggests that deuteration has a tendency to reduce these slow scale correlated motions, especially for the 13Cα-13Cβ pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliya Vugmeyster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado at Denver, 1201 Larimer Street, Denver, CO, 80204, USA.
| | - Aaron Griffin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado at Denver, 1201 Larimer Street, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Dmitry Ostrovsky
- Department of Mathematics, University of Colorado at Denver, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | | | - Parker J Nichols
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - C James McKnight
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Beat Vögeli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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27
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Hofmann D, Salmon L, Wider G. Activity of Tumor Necrosis Factor α Is Modulated by Dynamic Conformational Rearrangements. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 140:167-175. [PMID: 29192773 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The homotrimeric ligand tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) is a key cytokine and immune regulator; however, when deregulated, it leads to several major chronic inflammatory diseases. Perturbation of the protein-protein interface has proven to be an efficient strategy to inactivate TNFα, but the atomic-resolution mechanism of its inactivation remains poorly understood. Here, we probe the solution structure and dynamics of active and inactive TNFα using NMR spectroscopy. The data reveal that TNFα undergoes motions on different time scales. Furthermore, by site-directed mutagenesis of residues at the trimerization interface and by targeting the interface with a low molecular weight inhibitor, we show that TNFα retains its overall structure and trimeric state. However, upon perturbation, TNFα exhibits increased conformational dynamics spanning from the trimerization interface to the regions mediating receptor binding. These findings provide novel insights into the inactivation mechanism of TNFα and the basis for strategies to target TNFα activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Hofmann
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Salmon
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Wider
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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28
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Abstract
β-barrel proteins mediate nutrient uptake in bacteria and serve vital functions in cell signaling and adhesion. For the 14-strand outer membrane protein G of Escherichia coli, opening and closing is pH-dependent. Different roles of the extracellular loops in this process were proposed, and X-ray and solution NMR studies were divergent. Here, we report the structure of outer membrane protein G investigated in bilayers of E. coli lipid extracts by magic-angle-spinning NMR. In total, 1847 inter-residue 1H–1H and 13C–13C distance restraints, 256 torsion angles, but no hydrogen bond restraints are used to calculate the structure. The length of β-strands is found to vary beyond the membrane boundary, with strands 6–8 being the longest and the extracellular loops 3 and 4 well ordered. The site of barrel closure at strands 1 and 14 is more disordered than most remaining strands, with the flexibility decreasing toward loops 3 and 4. Loop 4 presents a well-defined helix. Porins, like OmpG, are embedded in the outer membrane of bacteria and facilitate uptake and secretion of nutrients and ions. Here the authors present a protocol for solid state NMR structure determination of proteins larger than 25 kDa and use it to structurally characterize membrane embedded OmpG.
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29
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Cerofolini L, Giuntini S, Louka A, Ravera E, Fragai M, Luchinat C. High-Resolution Solid-State NMR Characterization of Ligand Binding to a Protein Immobilized in a Silica Matrix. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:8094-8101. [PMID: 28762736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b05679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state NMR is becoming a powerful tool to detect atomic-level structural features of biomolecules even when they are bound to (or trapped in) solid systems that lack long-range three-dimensional order. We here demonstrate that it is possible to probe protein-ligand interactions from a protein-based perspective also when the protein is entrapped in silica, thus translating into biomolecular solid-state NMR all of the considerations that are usually made to understand the chemical nature of the interaction of a protein with its ligands. This work provides a proof of concept that also immobilized enzymes can be used for protein-based NMR protein-ligand interactions for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Cerofolini
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, and Interuniversity Consortium for Magnetic Resonance of Metalloproteins (CIRMMP) , Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Stefano Giuntini
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, and Interuniversity Consortium for Magnetic Resonance of Metalloproteins (CIRMMP) , Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence , Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Alexandra Louka
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, and Interuniversity Consortium for Magnetic Resonance of Metalloproteins (CIRMMP) , Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence , Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Enrico Ravera
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, and Interuniversity Consortium for Magnetic Resonance of Metalloproteins (CIRMMP) , Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence , Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Marco Fragai
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, and Interuniversity Consortium for Magnetic Resonance of Metalloproteins (CIRMMP) , Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence , Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.,GiottoBiotech S.R.L. , Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, and Interuniversity Consortium for Magnetic Resonance of Metalloproteins (CIRMMP) , Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence , Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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30
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Lalli D, Idso MN, Andreas LB, Hussain S, Baxter N, Han S, Chmelka BF, Pintacuda G. Proton-Based Structural Analysis of a Heptahelical Transmembrane Protein in Lipid Bilayers. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13006-13012. [PMID: 28724288 PMCID: PMC5741281 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
structures and properties of membrane proteins in lipid bilayers are
expected to closely resemble those in native cell-membrane environments,
although they have been difficult to elucidate. By performing solid-state
NMR measurements at very fast (100 kHz) magic-angle spinning rates
and at high (23.5 T) magnetic field, severe sensitivity and resolution
challenges are overcome, enabling the atomic-level characterization
of membrane proteins in lipid environments. This is demonstrated by
extensive 1H-based resonance assignments of the fully protonated
heptahelical membrane protein proteorhodopsin, and the efficient identification
of numerous 1H–1H dipolar interactions,
which provide distance constraints, inter-residue proximities, relative
orientations of secondary structural elements, and protein–cofactor
interactions in the hydrophobic transmembrane regions. These results
establish a general approach for high-resolution structural studies
of membrane proteins in lipid environments via solid-state NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lalli
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (UMR 5280 - CNRS, ENS Lyon, UCB Lyon 1), Université de Lyon , 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Matthew N Idso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Loren B Andreas
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (UMR 5280 - CNRS, ENS Lyon, UCB Lyon 1), Université de Lyon , 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sunyia Hussain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Naomi Baxter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Songi Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Bradley F Chmelka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Guido Pintacuda
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, Institut des Sciences Analytiques (UMR 5280 - CNRS, ENS Lyon, UCB Lyon 1), Université de Lyon , 69100 Villeurbanne, France
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31
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Chiliveri SC, Deshmukh MV. Recent excitements in protein NMR: Large proteins and biologically relevant dynamics. J Biosci 2017; 41:787-803. [PMID: 27966496 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-016-9640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The advent of Transverse Relaxation Optimized SpectroscopY (TROSY) and perdeuteration allowed biomolecular NMR spectroscopists to overcome the size limitation barrier (approx. 20 kDa) in de novo structure determination of proteins. The utility of these techniques was immediately demonstrated on large proteins and protein complexes (e.g. GroELGroES, ClpP protease, Hsp90-p53, 20S proteasome, etc.). Further, recent methodological developments such as Residual Dipolar Couplings and Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement allowed accurate measurement of long-range structural restraints. Additionally, Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG), rotating frame relaxation experiments (R1(rho)) and saturation transfer experiments (CEST and DEST) created never-before accessibility to the (mu)s-ms timescale dynamic parameters that led to the deeper understanding of biological processes. Meanwhile, the excitement in the field continued with a series of developments in the fast data acquisition methods allowing rapid structural studies on less stable proteins. This review aims to discuss important developments in the field of biomolecular NMR spectroscopy in the recent past, i.e., in the post TROSY era. These developments not only gave access to the structural studies of large protein assemblies, but also revolutionized tools in the arsenal of today's biomolecular NMR and point to a bright future of biomolecular NMR spectroscopy.
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32
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Smith AA, Ravotti F, Testori E, Cadalbert R, Ernst M, Böckmann A, Meier BH. Partially-deuterated samples of HET-s(218-289) fibrils: assignment and deuterium isotope effect. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2017; 67:109-119. [PMID: 28074361 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-016-0087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Fast magic-angle spinning and partial sample deuteration allows direct detection of 1H in solid-state NMR, yielding significant gains in mass sensitivity. In order to further analyze the spectra, 1H detection requires assignment of the 1H resonances. In this work, resonance assignments of backbone HN and Hα are presented for HET-s(218-289) fibrils, based on the existing assignment of Cα, Cβ, C', and N resonances. The samples used are partially deuterated for higher spectral resolution, and the shifts in resonance frequencies of Cα and Cβ due to the deuterium isotope effect are investigated. It is shown that the deuterium isotope effect can be estimated and used for assigning resonances of deuterated samples in solid-state NMR, based on known resonances of the protonated protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert A Smith
- ETH Zürich, Physical Chemistry, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Ravotti
- ETH Zürich, Physical Chemistry, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Testori
- ETH Zürich, Physical Chemistry, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Cadalbert
- ETH Zürich, Physical Chemistry, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Ernst
- ETH Zürich, Physical Chemistry, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Anja Böckmann
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Bases Moléculaires et Structurales des Systèmes Infectieux, Labex Ecofect, UMR 5086 CNRS, Université de Lyon, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367, Lyon, France.
| | - Beat H Meier
- ETH Zürich, Physical Chemistry, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
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33
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Captopril/enalapril inhibit promiscuous esterase activity of carbonic anhydrase at micromolar concentrations: An in vitro study. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 265:24-35. [PMID: 28126276 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory activity of captopril, a thiol-containing competitive inhibitor of the angiotensin-converting enzyme, ACE, against esterase activity of carbonic anhydrase, CA was investigated. This small molecule, as well as enalapril, was selected in order to represents both thiol and carboxylate, as two well-known metal binding functional groups of metalloprotein inhibitors. Since captopril, has also been observed to inhibit other metalloenzymes such as tyrosinase and metallo-beta lactamase through binding to the catalytic metal ions and regarding CA as a zinc-containing metallo-enzyme, in the current study, we set out to determine whether captopril/enalapril inhibit CA esterase activity of the purified human CA II or not? Then, we revealed the inhibitors' potencies (IC50, Ki and Kdiss values) and also mode of inhibition. Our results also showed that enalapril is more potent CA inhibitor than captopril. Since enalapril represents no sulfhydryl moiety, thus carboxylate group may have a determinant role in inhibiting of CA esterase activity, the conclusion confirmed by molecular docking studies. Additionally, since CA inhibitory potencies of captopril/enalapril were much lower than those of classic sulfonamide drugs, the findings of the current study may explain why these drugs exhibit no effective CA inhibition at the concentrations reached in vivo and also may shed light on the way of generating new class of inhibitors that will discriminately inhibit various CA isoforms.
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34
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Kang K, Choi JM, Fox JM, Snyder PW, Moustakas DT, Whitesides GM. Acetylation of Surface Lysine Groups of a Protein Alters the Organization and Composition of Its Crystal Contacts. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:6461-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyungtae Kang
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Mo Choi
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jerome M. Fox
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Phillip W. Snyder
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Demetri T. Moustakas
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - George M. Whitesides
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Wyss
Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 60 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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35
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Wei Q, Chen J, Mi J, Zhang J, Ruan K, Wu J. NMR Backbone Assignment of Large Proteins by Using13Cα-Only Triple-Resonance Experiments. Chemistry 2016; 22:9556-64. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingtao Wei
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230027 P.R. China
| | - Jiajing Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230027 P.R. China
| | - Juan Mi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230027 P.R. China
| | - Jiahai Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230027 P.R. China
| | - Ke Ruan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230027 P.R. China
| | - Jihui Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230027 P.R. China
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36
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Jewginski M, Fischer L, Colombo C, Huc I, Mackereth CD. Solution Observation of Dimerization and Helix Handedness Induction in a Human Carbonic Anhydrase-Helical Aromatic Amide Foldamer Complex. Chembiochem 2016; 17:727-36. [PMID: 26807531 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The design of synthetic foldamers to selectively bind proteins is currently hindered by the limited availability of molecular data to establish key features of recognition. Previous work has described dimerization of human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA) through self-association of a quinoline oligoamide helical foldamer attached to a tightly binding HCA ligand. A crystal structure of the complex provided atomic details to explain the observed induction of single foldamer helix handedness and revealed an unexpected foldamer-mediated dimerization. Here, we investigated the detailed behavior of the HCA-foldamer complex in solution by using NMR spectroscopy. We found that the ability to dimerize is buffer-dependent and uses partially distinct intermolecular contacts. The use of a foldamer variant incapable of self-association confirmed the ability to induce helix handedness separately from dimer formation and provided insight into the dynamics of enantiomeric selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Jewginski
- University of Bordeaux, CBMN (UMR 5248), Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 2 rue Escarpit, 33600, Pessac, France.,CNRS, CBMN (UMR 5248).,Bordeaux Institut National Polytechnique, CBMN (UMR 5248).,Wrocław University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Lucile Fischer
- University of Bordeaux, CBMN (UMR 5248), Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 2 rue Escarpit, 33600, Pessac, France.,CNRS, CBMN (UMR 5248).,Bordeaux Institut National Polytechnique, CBMN (UMR 5248)
| | - Cinzia Colombo
- University of Bordeaux, CBMN (UMR 5248), Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 2 rue Escarpit, 33600, Pessac, France.,CNRS, CBMN (UMR 5248).,Bordeaux Institut National Polytechnique, CBMN (UMR 5248)
| | - Ivan Huc
- University of Bordeaux, CBMN (UMR 5248), Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 2 rue Escarpit, 33600, Pessac, France. .,CNRS, CBMN (UMR 5248). .,Bordeaux Institut National Polytechnique, CBMN (UMR 5248).
| | - Cameron D Mackereth
- University of Bordeaux, ARNA (U1212), Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie. .,INSERM, ARNA (U1212). .,CNRS, ARNA (UMR 5320), 2 rue Escarpit, 33600, Pessac, France.
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37
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Lee YS, Lee J, Ryu KS, Lee Y, Jung TG, Jang JH, Sim DW, Kim EH, Seo MD, Lee KW, Won HS. Semi-Empirical Structure Determination of Escherichia coli Hsp33 and Identification of Dynamic Regulatory Elements for the Activation Process. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:3850-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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38
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Bijari N, Ghobadi S, Mahdiuni H, Khodarahmi R, Ghadami SA. Spectroscopic and molecular modeling studies on binding of dorzolamide to bovine and human carbonic anhydrase II. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 80:189-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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39
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Nettles WL, Song H, Farquhar ER, Fitzkee NC, Emerson JP. Characterization of the Copper(II) Binding Sites in Human Carbonic Anhydrase II. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:5671-80. [PMID: 26010488 PMCID: PMC4482258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a well-studied, robust, mononuclear Zn-containing metalloprotein that serves as an excellent biological ligand system to study the thermodynamics associated with metal ion coordination chemistry in aqueous solution. The apo form of human carbonic anhydrase II (CA) binds 2 equiv of copper(II) with high affinity. The Cu(2+) ions bind independently forming two noncoupled type II copper centers in CA (CuA and CuB). However, the location and coordination mode of the CuA site in solution is unclear, compared to the CuB site that has been well-characterized. Using paramagnetic NMR techniques and X-ray absorption spectroscopy we identified an N-terminal Cu(2+) binding location and collected information on the coordination mode of the CuA site in CA, which is consistent with a four- to five-coordinate N-terminal Cu(2+) binding site reminiscent to a number of N-terminal copper(II) binding sites including the copper(II)-amino terminal Cu(2+) and Ni(2+) and copper(II)-β-amyloid complexes. Additionally, we report a more detailed analysis of the thermodynamics associated with copper(II) binding to CA. Although we are still unable to fully deconvolute Cu(2+) binding data to the high-affinity CuA site, we derived pH- and buffer-independent values for the thermodynamics parameters K and ΔH associated with Cu(2+) binding to the CuB site of CA to be 2 × 10(9) and -17.4 kcal/mol, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitnee L. Nettles
- Mississippi State University: Department of Chemistry Box 9573 Mississippi State University Mississippi State, MS 39762-9573
| | - He Song
- Mississippi State University: Department of Chemistry Box 9573 Mississippi State University Mississippi State, MS 39762-9573
| | - Erik R. Farquhar
- Case Western Reserve University Center for Synchrotron Biosciences, National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Nicholas C. Fitzkee
- Mississippi State University: Department of Chemistry Box 9573 Mississippi State University Mississippi State, MS 39762-9573
| | - Joseph P. Emerson
- Mississippi State University: Department of Chemistry Box 9573 Mississippi State University Mississippi State, MS 39762-9573
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40
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Joint neutron crystallographic and NMR solution studies of Tyr residue ionization and hydrogen bonding: Implications for enzyme-mediated proton transfer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:5673-8. [PMID: 25902526 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1502255112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II) uses a Zn-bound OH(-)/H2O mechanism to catalyze the reversible hydration of CO2. This catalysis also involves a separate proton transfer step, mediated by an ordered solvent network coordinated by hydrophilic residues. One of these residues, Tyr7, was previously shown to be deprotonated in the neutron crystal structure at pH 10. This observation indicated that Tyr7 has a perturbed pKa compared with free tyrosine. To further probe the pKa of this residue, NMR spectroscopic measurements of [(13)C]Tyr-labeled holo HCA II (with active-site Zn present) were preformed to titrate all Tyr residues between pH 5.4-11.0. In addition, neutron studies of apo HCA II (with Zn removed from the active site) at pH 7.5 and holo HCA II at pH 6 were conducted. This detailed interrogation of tyrosines in HCA II by NMR and neutron crystallography revealed a significantly lowered pKa of Tyr7 and how pH and Tyr proximity to Zn affect hydrogen-bonding interactions.
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41
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Enhancement of thermal reversibility and stability of human carbonic anhydrase II by mesoporous nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 75:67-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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42
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Egloff P, Deluigi M, Heine P, Balada S, Plückthun A. A cleavable ligand column for the rapid isolation of large quantities of homogeneous and functional neurotensin receptor 1 variants from E. coli. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 108:106-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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43
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Niklasson M, Ahlner A, Andresen C, Marsh JA, Lundström P. Fast and accurate resonance assignment of small-to-large proteins by combining automated and manual approaches. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004022. [PMID: 25569628 PMCID: PMC4288728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of resonance assignment is fundamental to most NMR studies of protein structure and dynamics. Unfortunately, the manual assignment of residues is tedious and time-consuming, and can represent a significant bottleneck for further characterization. Furthermore, while automated approaches have been developed, they are often limited in their accuracy, particularly for larger proteins. Here, we address this by introducing the software COMPASS, which, by combining automated resonance assignment with manual intervention, is able to achieve accuracy approaching that from manual assignments at greatly accelerated speeds. Moreover, by including the option to compensate for isotope shift effects in deuterated proteins, COMPASS is far more accurate for larger proteins than existing automated methods. COMPASS is an open-source project licensed under GNU General Public License and is available for download from http://www.liu.se/forskning/foass/tidigare-foass/patrik-lundstrom/software?l=en. Source code and binaries for Linux, Mac OS X and Microsoft Windows are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Niklasson
- Division of Biomolecular Technology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Ahlner
- Division of Biomolecular Technology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Andresen
- Division of Biomolecular Technology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Joseph A. Marsh
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Patrik Lundström
- Division of Biomolecular Technology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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44
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Chu BCH, Otten R, Krewulak KD, Mulder FAA, Vogel HJ. The solution structure, binding properties, and dynamics of the bacterial siderophore-binding protein FepB. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:29219-34. [PMID: 25173704 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.564021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The periplasmic binding protein (PBP) FepB plays a key role in transporting the catecholate siderophore ferric enterobactin from the outer to the inner membrane in Gram-negative bacteria. The solution structures of the 34-kDa apo- and holo-FepB from Escherichia coli, solved by NMR, represent the first solution structures determined for the type III class of PBPs. Unlike type I and II PBPs, which undergo large "Venus flytrap" conformational changes upon ligand binding, both forms of FepB maintain similar overall folds; however, binding of the ligand is accompanied by significant loop movements. Reverse methyl cross-saturation experiments corroborated chemical shift perturbation results and uniquely defined the binding pocket for gallium enterobactin (GaEnt). NMR relaxation experiments indicated that a flexible loop (residues 225-250) adopted a more rigid and extended conformation upon ligand binding, which positioned residues for optimal interactions with the ligand and the cytoplasmic membrane ABC transporter (FepCD), respectively. In conclusion, this work highlights the pivotal role that structural dynamics plays in ligand binding and transporter interactions in type III PBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron C H Chu
- From the Biochemistry Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Renee Otten
- the Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, and
| | - Karla D Krewulak
- From the Biochemistry Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Frans A A Mulder
- the Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Hans J Vogel
- From the Biochemistry Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada,
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Wiedemann C, Bellstedt P, Herbst C, Görlach M, Ramachandran R. An approach to sequential NMR assignments of proteins: application to chemical shift restraint-based structure prediction. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2014; 59:211-217. [PMID: 24943494 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-014-9842-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A procedure for the simultaneous acquisition of {HNCOCANH & HCCCONH} chemical shift correlation spectra employing sequential [Formula: see text] data acquisition for moderately sized proteins is presented. The suitability of the approach for obtaining sequential resonance assignments, including complete [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] chemical shift information, is demonstrated experimentally for a [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] labelled sample of the C-terminal winged helix (WH) domain of the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) complex of Sulfolobus solfataricus. The chemical shift information obtained was used to calculate the global fold of this winged helix domain via CS-Rosetta. This demonstrates that our procedure provides a reliable and straight-forward protocol for a quick global fold determination of moderately-sized proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wiedemann
- Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy, Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 , Jena, Germany
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Kim WJ, Rhee JK, Yi JJ, Lee BJ, Son WS. Enhanced Chemical Shift Analysis for Secondary Structure prediction of protein. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN MAGNETIC RESONANCE SOCIETY 2014. [DOI: 10.6564/jkmrs.2014.18.1.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Tugarinov V. Indirect use of deuterium in solution NMR studies of protein structure and hydrogen bonding. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 77:49-68. [PMID: 24411830 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A description of the utility of deuteration in protein NMR is provided with an emphasis on quantitative evaluation of the effects of deuteration on a number of NMR parameters of proteins: (1) chemical shifts, (2) scalar coupling constants, (3) relaxation properties (R1 and R2 rates) of nuclei directly attached to one or more deuterons as well as protons of methyl groups in a highly deuterated environment, (4) scalar relaxation of 15N and 13C nuclei in 15N-D and 13C-D spin systems as a measure of hydrogen bonding strength, and (5) NOE-based applications of deuteration in NMR studies of protein structure. The discussion is restricted to the 'indirect' use of deuterium in the sense that the description of NMR parameters and properties of the nuclei affected by nearby deuterons (15N, 13C, 1H) is provided rather than those of deuterium itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitali Tugarinov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States.
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Tugarinov V, Venditti V, Clore GM. A NMR experiment for simultaneous correlations of valine and leucine/isoleucine methyls with carbonyl chemical shifts in proteins. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2014; 58:1-8. [PMID: 24346684 PMCID: PMC3974575 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-013-9803-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A methyl-detected 'out-and-back' NMR experiment for obtaining simultaneous correlations of methyl resonances of valine and isoleucine/leucine residues with backbone carbonyl chemical shifts, SIM-HMCM(CGCBCA)CO, is described. The developed pulse-scheme serves the purpose of convenience in recording a single data set for all Ile(δ1), Leu(δ) and Val(γ) (ILV) methyl positions instead of acquiring two separate spectra selective for valine or leucine/isoleucine residues. The SIM-HMCM(CGCBCA)CO experiment can be used for ILV methyl assignments in moderately sized protein systems (up to ~100 kDa) where the backbone chemical shifts of (13)C(α), (13)Cβ and (13)CO are known from prior NMR studies and where some losses in sensitivity can be tolerated for the sake of an overall reduction in NMR acquisition time.
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Tugarinov V. Four-bond deuterium isotope effects on the chemical shifts of amide nitrogens in proteins. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2013; 51:722-728. [PMID: 24038445 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An approach towards precision NMR measurements of four-bond deuterium isotope effects on the chemical shifts of backbone amide nitrogen nuclei in proteins is described. Three types of four-bond (15) N deuterium isotope effects are distinguished depending on the site of proton-to-deuterium substitution: (4)ΔN(N(i-1)D), (4)ΔN(N(i+1)D) and (4)ΔN(Cβ,(i-1)D). All the three types of isotope shifts are quantified in the (partially) deuterated protein ubiquitin. The (4)ΔN(N(i+1)D) and (4)ΔN(C(β,i-1)D) effects are by far the largest in magnitude and vary between 16 and 75 ppb and -18 and 46 ppb, respectively. A semi-quantitative correlation between experimental (4)ΔN(N(i+1)D) and (4)ΔN(C(β,i-1)D) values and the distances between nitrogen nuclei and the sites of (1)H-to-D substitution is noted. The largest isotope shifts in both cases correspond to the shortest inter-nuclear distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitali Tugarinov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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Chu BCH, DeWolf T, Vogel HJ. Role of the two structural domains from the periplasmic Escherichia coli histidine-binding protein HisJ. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:31409-22. [PMID: 24036119 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.490441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli HisJ is a type II periplasmic binding protein that functions to reversibly capture histidine and transfer it to its cognate inner membrane ABC permease. Here, we used NMR spectroscopy to determine the structure of apo-HisJ (26.5 kDa) in solution. HisJ is a bilobal protein in which domain 1 (D1) is made up of two noncontiguous subdomains, and domain 2 (D2) is expressed as the inner domain. To better understand the roles of D1 and D2, we have isolated and characterized each domain separately. Structurally, D1 closely resembles its homologous domain in apo- and holo-HisJ, whereas D2 is more similar to the holo-form. NMR relaxation experiments reveal that HisJ becomes more ordered upon ligand binding, whereas isolated D2 experiences a significant reduction in slower (millisecond to microsecond) motions compared with the homologous domain in apo-HisJ. NMR titrations reveal that D1 is able to bind histidine in a similar manner as full-length HisJ, albeit with lower affinity. Unexpectedly, isolated D1 and D2 do not interact with each other in the presence or absence of histidine, which indicates the importance of intact interdomain-connecting elements (i.e. hinge regions) for HisJ functioning. Our results shed light on the binding mechanism of type II periplasmic binding proteins where ligand is initially bound by D1, and D2 plays a supporting role in this dynamic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron C H Chu
- From the Biochemistry Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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