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Catalán M, González-Herrera F, Maya JD, Lorenzo O, Pedrozo Z, Olmedo I, Suarez-Rozas C, Molina-Berrios A, Díaz-Araya G, Vivar R. Boldine prevents the inflammatory response of cardiac fibroblasts induced by SGK1-NFκB signaling pathway activation. Cell Signal 2024; 120:111241. [PMID: 38825173 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts (CF) are mesenchymal-type cells responsible for maintaining the homeostasis of the heart's extracellular matrix (ECM). Their dysfunction leads to excessive secretion of ECM proteins, tissue stiffening, impaired nutrient and oxygen exchange, and electrical abnormalities in the heart. Additionally, CF act as sentinel cells in the cardiac tissue microenvironment, responding to various stimuli that may affect heart function. Deleterious stimuli induce an inflammatory response in CF, increasing the secretion of cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α and the expression of cell adhesion molecules like ICAM1 and VCAM1, initially promoting damage resolution by recruiting immune cells. However, constant harmful stimuli lead to a chronic inflammatory process and heart dysfunction. Therefore, it is necessary to study the mechanisms that govern CF inflammation. NFκB is a key regulator of the cardiac inflammatory process, making the search for mechanisms of NFκB regulation and CF inflammatory response crucial for developing new treatment options for cardiovascular diseases. SGK1, a serine-threonine protein kinase, is one of the regulators of NFκB and is involved in the fibrotic effects of angiotensin II and aldosterone, as well as in CF differentiation. However, its role in the CF inflammatory response is unknown. On the other hand, many bioactive natural products have demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects, but their role in CF inflammation is unknown. One such molecule is boldine, an alkaloid obtained from Boldo (Peumus boldus), a Chilean endemic tree with proven cytoprotective effects. However, its involvement in the regulation of SGK1 and CF inflammation is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the role of SGK1 and boldine in the inflammatory response in CF isolated from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats. The involvement of SGK1 was analyzed using GSK650394, a specific SGK1 inhibitor. Our results demonstrate that SGK1 is crucial for LPS- and IFN-γ-induced inflammatory responses in CF (cytokine expression, cell adhesion molecule expression, and leukocyte adhesion). Furthermore, a conditioned medium (intracellular content of CF subject to freeze/thaw cycles) was used to simulate a sterile inflammation condition. The conditioned medium induced a potent inflammatory response in CF, which was completely prevented by the SGK1 inhibitor. Finally, our results indicate that boldine inhibits both SGK1 activation and the CF inflammatory response induced by LPS, IFN-γ, and CF-conditioned medium. Taken together, our results position SGK1 as an important regulator of the CF inflammatory response and boldine as a promising anti-inflammatory drug in the context of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Catalán
- Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F González-Herrera
- Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J D Maya
- Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - O Lorenzo
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Z Pedrozo
- Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - I Olmedo
- Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Suarez-Rozas
- Medicinal Chemistry Center, Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Molina-Berrios
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - G Díaz-Araya
- Department of Pharmacological & Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Vivar
- Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Pharmacological & Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Lamba D, Dwivedi DK, Yadav M, Kumar Yr S. Boldine: a narrative review of the bioactive compound with versatile biological and pharmacological potential. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 0:jcim-2023-0224. [PMID: 38234264 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2023-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Boldine is a plant-derived bioactive compound that has a beneficial impact on human health. Boldine is an aporphine alkaloid mainly obtained from the leaves and bark of the Chilean Boldo tree (Peumus boldus, Family: Monimiaceae). There are plenty of preclinical evidence supports that boldine exerts its beneficial effects against various diseases. Lumiskin™, a patented and marketed formulation by Revitol Skincare for skin brightening, contains Dicetyl boldine, a boldine derivative. CONTENT All the available information on the Chilean boldo tree (P. boldus Molina) species was actualized by systematically searching the scientific databases (PubMed, SciFinder, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus and others) and scientific literature. This article covers the recent advances in pharmacokinetic, toxicological, pharmacological/biological activities, and molecular mechanisms of the bioactive compound to understand health benefits of boldine better. SUMMARY Boldine exerts antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-diabetic, analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-epileptic, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, anti-arthritis, anticancer and nootropic effects. Moreover, boldine exhibits its various pharmacological activities by altering antioxidant parameters (MDA, superoxide dismutase, glutathione), peroxynitrite, inflammatory markers apoptotic index, caspase-3, acetyl-cholinesterase, myeloperoxidase, TNF-α (Tumor necrosis factor-α), iNOS, Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), ACE-1(Angiotensin-converting enzyme-1), dopamine D2 receptors and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Boldine has the potential to modulate a variety of biological networks. OUTLOOK Due to its versatile pharmacological effects reported in various experimental animals as well as in randomized clinical trials for the treatment of facial melasma and for treatment of urinary stone lithotripsy in children as a complementary phytotherapy; in the future, this compound might be developed as a novel drug for a different indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Lamba
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Janakpuri, New Delhi, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, (Under Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, New Delhi), Erragadda, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Monu Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Sanjaya Kumar Yr
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Janakpuri, New Delhi, India
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Akotkar L, Aswar U, Ganeshpurkar A, Raj R, Pawar A. An Overview of Chemistry, Kinetics, Toxicity and Therapeutic Potential of Boldine in Neurological Disorders. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:3283-3295. [PMID: 37462836 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03992-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Boldine is an alkaloid obtained from the medicinal herb Peumus boldus (Mol.) (Chilean boldo tree; boldo) and belongs to the family Monimiaceae. It exhibits a wide range of pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anticancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and anti-diabetic properties. There is a dearth of information regarding its pharmacokinetics and toxicity in addition to its potential pharmacological activity. Boldine belongs to the aporphine alkaloid class and possesses lipophilic properties which enable its efficient absorption and distribution throughout the body, including the central nervous system. It exhibits potent free radical scavenging activity, thereby reducing oxidative stress and preventing neuronal damage. Through a variety of neuroprotective mechanisms, including suppression of AChE and BuChE activity, blocking of connexin-43 hemichannels, pannexin 1 channel, reduction of NF-κβ mediated interleukin release, and glutamate excitotoxicity which successfully reduces neuronal damage. These results point to its probable application in reducing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Moreover, its effects on serotonergic, dopaminergic, opioid, and cholinergic receptors were further investigated in order to determine its applicability for neurobehavioral dysfunctions. The article investigates the pharmacokinetics of boldine and reveals that it has a low oral bioavailability and a short half-life, requiring regular dosage to maintain therapeutic levels. The review studies boldine's potential therapeutic uses and mode of action while summarizing its neuroprotective benefits. Given the favorable results for boldine as a potential neurotherapeutic drug in laboratory animals, more research is required. However, in order to optimise its therapeutic potential, it must be more bioavailable with fewer detrimental side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likhit Akotkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Erandwane, Pune, 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Urmila Aswar
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Erandwane, Pune, 411038, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Ankit Ganeshpurkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411038, India
| | - Ritik Raj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411038, India
| | - Atmaram Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411038, India
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Burrell JC, Vu PT, Alcott OJB, Toro CA, Cardozo C, Cullen DK. Orally administered boldine reduces muscle atrophy and promotes neuromuscular recovery in a rodent model of delayed nerve repair. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1240916. [PMID: 37829672 PMCID: PMC10565860 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1240916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury often results in poor functional recovery due to a prolonged period of muscle denervation. In particular, absent axonal contact, denervated muscle can undergo irrevocable atrophy and diminished receptiveness for reinnervation over time, ultimately reducing the likelihood for meaningful neuromuscular recovery. While innovative surgical approaches can minimize the harmful effects of denervation by re-routing neighboring-otherwise uninjured-axons, there are no clinically-available approaches to preserve the reinnervation capacity of denervated muscles. Blocking intramuscular connexin hemichannel formation has been reported to improve muscle innervation in vitro and prevent atrophy in vivo. Therefore, the current study investigated the effects of orally administered boldine, a connexin hemichannel inhibitor, on denervated-related muscle changes and nerve regeneration in a rat model of delayed peripheral nerve repair. We found that daily boldine administration significantly enhanced an evoked response in the tibialis anterior muscle at 2 weeks after common peroneal nerve transection, and decreased intramuscular connexin 43 and 45 expression, intraneural Schwann cell expression of connexin 43, and muscle fiber atrophy up to 4 weeks post transection. Additional animals underwent a cross nerve repair procedure (tibial to common peroneal neurorrhaphy) at 4 weeks following the initial transection injury. Here, we found elevated nerve electrophysiological activity and greater muscle fiber maturation at 6 weeks post repair in boldine treated animals. These findings suggest that boldine may be a promising pharmacological approach to minimize the deleterious effects of prolonged denervation and, with further optimization, may improve levels of functional recovery following nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C. Burrell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, CMC VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Phuong T. Vu
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, CMC VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Owen J. B. Alcott
- Department of Biochemistry, Widener University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Carlos A. Toro
- Spinal Cord Damage Research Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christopher Cardozo
- Spinal Cord Damage Research Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - D. Kacy Cullen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, CMC VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Liu DD, Zhang CY, Zhang JT, Gu LM, Xu GT, Zhang JF. Epigenetic modifications and metabolic memory in diabetic retinopathy: beyond the surface. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1441-1449. [PMID: 36571340 PMCID: PMC10075108 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.361536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics focuses on DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, noncoding RNAs, and other gene regulation mechanisms beyond the DNA sequence. In the past decade, epigenetic modifications have drawn more attention as they participate in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy despite tight control of glucose levels. The underlying mechanisms of epigenetic modifications in diabetic retinopathy still urgently need to be elucidated. The diabetic condition facilitates epigenetic changes and influences target gene expression. In this review, we summarize the involvement of epigenetic modifications and metabolic memory in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy and propose novel insights into the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Eye Institute, Department of Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Yang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People’s Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Ting Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People’s Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Min Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Aier Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Tong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Eye Institute, Department of Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Fa Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People’s Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
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Calbiague García V, Cadiz B, Herrera P, Díaz A, Schmachtenberg O. Evaluation of Photobiomodulation and Boldine as Alternative Treatment Options in Two Diabetic Retinopathy Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097918. [PMID: 37175628 PMCID: PMC10178531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy causes progressive and irreversible damage to the retina through activation of inflammatory processes, overproduction of oxidative species, and glial reactivity, leading to changes in neuronal function and finally ischemia, edema, and hemorrhages. Current treatments are invasive and mostly applied at advanced stages, stressing the need for alternatives. To this end, we tested two unconventional and potentially complementary non-invasive treatment options: Photobiomodulation, the stimulation with near-infrared light, has shown promising results in ameliorating retinal pathologies and insults in several studies but remains controversial. Boldine, on the other hand, is a potent natural antioxidant and potentially useful to prevent free radical-induced oxidative stress. To establish a baseline, we first evaluated the effects of diabetic conditions on the retina with immunofluorescence, histological, and ultrastructural analysis in two diabetes model systems, obese LepRdb/db mice and organotypic retinal explants, and then tested the potential benefits of photobiomodulation and boldine treatment in vitro on retinal explants subjected to high glucose concentrations, mimicking diabetic conditions. Our results suggest that the principal subcellular structures affected by these conditions were mitochondria in the inner segment of photoreceptors, which displayed morphological changes in both model systems. In retinal explants, lactate metabolism, assayed as an indicator of mitochondrial function, was altered, and decreased photoreceptor viability was observed, presumably as a consequence of increased oxidative-nitrosative stress. The latter was reduced by boldine treatment in vitro, while photobiomodulation improved mitochondrial metabolism but was insufficient to prevent retinal structural damage caused by high glucose. These results warrant further research into alternative and complementary treatment options for diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Calbiague García
- Ph. D. Program in Neuroscience, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso (CINV), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Bárbara Cadiz
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso (CINV), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Pablo Herrera
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Alejandra Díaz
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso (CINV), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Oliver Schmachtenberg
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso (CINV), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
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Omale S, Amagon KI, Johnson TO, Bremner SK, Gould GW. A systematic analysis of anti-diabetic medicinal plants from cells to clinical trials. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14639. [PMID: 36627919 PMCID: PMC9826616 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes is one of the fastest-growing health emergencies of the 21st century, placing a severe economic burden on many countries. Current management approaches have improved diabetic care, but several limitations still exist, such as decreased efficacy, adverse effects, and the high cost of treatment, particularly for developing nations. There is, therefore, a need for more cost-effective therapies for diabetes management. The evidence-based application of phytochemicals from plants in the management of diseases is gaining traction. Methodology Various plants and plant parts have been investigated as antidiabetic agents. This review sought to collate and discuss published data on the cellular and molecular effects of medicinal plants and phytochemicals on insulin signaling pathways to better understand the current trend in using plant products in the management of diabetes. Furthermore, we explored available information on medicinal plants that consistently produced hypoglycemic effects from isolated cells to animal studies and clinical trials. Results There is substantial literature describing the effects of a range of plant extracts on insulin action and insulin signaling, revealing a depth in knowledge of molecular detail. Our exploration also reveals effective antidiabetic actions in animal studies, and clear translational potential evidenced by clinical trials. Conclusion We suggest that this area of research should be further exploited in the search for novel therapeutics for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon Omale
- African Centre for Excellence in Phytomedicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Kennedy I. Amagon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Titilayo O. Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Shaun Kennedy Bremner
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gwyn W. Gould
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Silva LCL, de Souza GH, Pateis VDO, Ames-Sibin AP, Silva BP, Bracht L, Comar JF, Peralta RM, Bracht A, Sá-Nakanishi AB. Inhibition of Gluconeogenesis by Boldine in the Perfused Liver: Therapeutical Implication for Glycemic Control. Int J Hepatol 2023; 2023:1283716. [PMID: 37056327 PMCID: PMC10089784 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1283716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The alkaloid boldine occurs in the Chilean boldo tree (Peumus boldus). It acts as a free radical scavenger and controls glycemia in diabetic rats. Various mechanisms have been proposed for this effect, including inhibited glucose absorption, stimulated insulin secretion, and increased expression of genes involved in glycemic control. Direct effects on glucose synthesis and degradation were not yet measured. To fill this gap, the present study is aimed at ensuring several metabolic pathways linked to glucose metabolism (e.g., gluconeogenesis) in the isolated perfused rat liver. In order to address mechanistic issues, energy transduction in isolated mitochondria and activities of gluconeogenic key enzymes in tissue preparations were also measured. Boldine diminished mitochondrial ROS generation, with no effect on energy transduction in isolated mitochondria. It inhibited, however, at least three enzymes of the gluconeogenic pathway, namely, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose-bisphosphatase-1, and glucose 6-phosphatase, starting at concentrations below 50 μM. Consistently, in the perfused liver, boldine decreased lactate-, alanine-, and fructose-driven gluconeogenesis with IC50 values of 71.9, 85.2, and 83.6 μM, respectively. Conversely, the compound also increased glycolysis from glycogen-derived glucosyl units. The hepatic ATP content was not affected by boldine. It is proposed that the direct inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis by boldine, combined with the increase of glycolysis, could be an important event behind the diminished hyperglycemia observed in boldine-treated diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Cristina Lima Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Labor of Hepatic Metabolism, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Henrique de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Labor of Hepatic Metabolism, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Vanesa de Oliveira Pateis
- Department of Biochemistry, Labor of Hepatic Metabolism, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ames-Sibin
- Department of Biochemistry, Labor of Hepatic Metabolism, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Paes Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Labor of Hepatic Metabolism, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Lívia Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry, Labor of Hepatic Metabolism, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Jurandir Fernando Comar
- Department of Biochemistry, Labor of Hepatic Metabolism, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rosane Marina Peralta
- Department of Biochemistry, Labor of Hepatic Metabolism, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Adelar Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry, Labor of Hepatic Metabolism, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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Kisacam MA, Kocamuftuoglu GO, Ufat H, Ozan ST. The evaluation of early stage oxidative status in streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1474-1478. [PMID: 32521173 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1776736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Early-stage diabetes can be defined as the stages before absolute insulin deficiency in patients. In this study, the early stage oxidative effect of streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetes mellitus was evaluated. 28 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups; control group and 7th, 14th, 21st days diabetic groups. Diabetic groups received single 65 mg/kg STZ injection intraperitoneally. Rats were decapitated at 7th, 14th and 21st days, liver tissues were taken. Nitric oxide(NO), malondialdehyde(MDA) levels and catalase, arginase activities were measured. MDA and NO levels were increased (respectively p < .001 and p < .01), mainly 14 and 21 days after STZ administration; moreover, while liver catalase activity was progressively decreased (p < .001), oppositely arginase was increased in the same time period (p < .01). Results show that MDA and nitric oxide together with catalase and arginase switch at an early stage of diabetes and they may contribute to subsequent complications related to diabetes via increased oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ali Kisacam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Gonca Ozan Kocamuftuoglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Hakan Ufat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Sema Temizer Ozan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Fu Y, Li Z, Xiao S, Zhao C, Zhou K, Cao S. Ameliorative effects of chickpea flavonoids on redox imbalance and mitochondrial complex I dysfunction in type 2 diabetic rats. Food Funct 2022; 13:8967-8976. [PMID: 35938733 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00753c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chickpeas are an important source of flavonoids in the human diet, and researchers have demonstrated that flavonoids have antidiabetic compositions in chickpeas. Because the NAD+/NADH redox balance is heavily perturbed in diabetes and complex I is the only site for NADH oxidation and NAD+ regeneration, in the present study, mitochondrial complex I was used as a target for anti-diabetes. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a crude chickpea flavonoid extract (CCFE) on NAD+/NADH redox imbalance and mitochondrial complex I dysfunction in the pancreas as well as oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. Our results demonstrated that the degree of NAD+/NADH redox imbalance in the pancreas of T2DM rats was alleviated by CCFE, which is likely attributed to the inhibition of the polyol pathway and the decrease in poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) and sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) activities. Moreover, mitochondrial complex I dysfunction in the pancreas of T2DM rats was ameliorated by CCFE through the suppression of the activity of complex I. Furthermore, CCFE treatment could attenuate oxidative stress in T2DM rats, which was proven by the reduction in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as the upregulation of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum. CCFE treatment significantly improved dyslipidemia in T2DM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Fu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China.
| | - Zhenglei Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China.
| | - Shiqi Xiao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China.
| | - Caiyun Zhao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China.
| | - Keqiang Zhou
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China.
| | - Shenyi Cao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China.
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11
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Mustapha S, Azemi AK, Wan Ahmad WAN, Rasool AHG, Mustafa MR, Mokhtar SS. Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Improves Acetylcholine-Mediated Relaxation in the Aorta of Type-2 Diabetic Rats. Molecules 2022; 27:5107. [PMID: 36014347 PMCID: PMC9413505 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contributes to insulin resistance and macro- and microvascular complications associated with diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ER stress inhibition on endothelial function in the aorta of type-2 diabetic rats. Type-2 diabetes was developed in male Sprague-Dawley rats using a high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin. Rat aortic tissues were harvested to study endothelial-dependent relaxation. The mechanisms for acetylcholine-mediated relaxation were investigated using pharmacological blockers, Western blotting, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers. Acetylcholine-mediated relaxation was diminished in the aorta of diabetic rats compared to control rats; supplementation with TUDCA improved relaxation. In the aortas of control and diabetic rats receiving TUDCA, the relaxation was mediated via eNOS/PI3K/Akt, NAD(P)H, and the KATP channel. In diabetic rats, acetylcholine-mediated relaxation involved eNOS/PI3K/Akt and NAD(P)H, but not the KATP channel. The expression of ER stress markers was upregulated in the aorta of diabetic rats and reduced with TUDCA supplementation. The expression of eNOS and Akt were lower in diabetic rats but were upregulated after supplementation with TUDCA. The levels of MDA, IL-6, and SOD activity were higher in the aorta of the diabetic rats compared to control rats. This study demonstrated that endothelial function was impaired in diabetes, however, supplementation with TUDCA improved the function via eNOS/Akt/PI3K, NAD(P)H, and the KATP channel. The improvement of endothelial function was associated with increased expressions of eNOS and Akt. Thus, ER stress plays a crucial role in the impairment of endothelial-dependent relaxation. Mitigating ER stress could be a potential strategy for improving endothelial dysfunction in type-2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagir Mustapha
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810107, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Ahmad Khusairi Azemi
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Wan Amir Nizam Wan Ahmad
- Biomedicine Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Aida Hanum Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Safiah Mokhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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12
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Lim KG, Varatharajan R, Muthuraman A. The Attenuating Effect of Beta-Carotene on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Vascular Dementia Symptoms in Rats. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134293. [PMID: 35807538 PMCID: PMC9268603 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the ameliorative effects of beta-carotene (BC) on diabetes-associated vascular dementia and its action against biomolecule oxidation. The diabetic vascular dementia (VaD) was induced by administration of nicotinamide (NA; 50 mg/kg; i.p.) and streptozotocin (STZ; 50 mg/kg; i.p.). The test compound, BC (50 and 100 mg/kg; p.o.), and the reference compound, donepezil (DP) (1 mg/kg; p.o.), were administered for 15 consecutive days. Changes in learning and memory were assessed by escape latency time (ELT) and times spent in target quadrant (TSTQ) in the Morris water maze (MWM) test. The changes in neurotransmitter, i.e., acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and oxidative stress markers, i.e., thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH), were estimated in hippocampal tissue of the rat brain. The administration of STZ caused significant deterioration of cognitive function (decreased ELT and raised the TSTQ) as compared to the normal group. Treatment with BC and DP diminished the increased AChE activity, TBARS level and decreased GSH level caused by STZ. Thus, BC ameliorates the diabetic vascular complications in VaD due to its potential anticholinergic, antioxidative and free radical scavenging actions.
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13
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Kannan P, Karthikeyan P, Subramaniam N, Mohan T, Gopinath B, Chakrapani LN, Palanivelu S, Raghunathan M, Periandavan K. Gymnemic acid protects murine pancreatic β-cells by moderating hyperglycemic stress-induced inflammation and apoptosis in type 1 diabetic rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23050. [PMID: 35343011 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic immune-mediated disease caused by pancreatic β-cell dysfunction with consequent severe insulin deficiency. Exacerbated blood glucose levels can cause oxidative stress in the pancreatic β-cells, which leads to inflammation, and apoptosis resulting in islet dysfunction. Although massive studies have been carried out to elucidate the causative factors for β-cell damage in diabetes, the therapeutic approach to pancreatic β-cell damage has not been extensively studied. Hence, the present study has been designed to delineate the role of gymnemic acid (GA) in protecting pancreatic β-cells in diabetic animals, with special reference to inflammation and apoptosis. Our data revealed that the treatment with GA significantly reverted the alteration in both biochemical and histochemical observations in young diabetic rats. Moreover, treatment with the GA downregulates the expression of proinflammatory markers (nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-[IL]-6, and IL-1β), proapoptotic proteins (Bax, cytochrome c, and cleaved caspase-3), as well as upregulates the expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 in diabetic rats. These findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic nature of GA mitigates β-cell damage in hyperglycemic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pugazhendhi Kannan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, DR ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Porkodi Karthikeyan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, DR ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Nirmala Subramaniam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Guindy, Chennai, India
| | - Thangarajeswari Mohan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, DR ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Bhavani Gopinath
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, DR ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Lakshmi N Chakrapani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, DR ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Shanthi Palanivelu
- Department of Pathology, DR ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Malathi Raghunathan
- Department of Pathology, DR ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Kalaiselvi Periandavan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, DR ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani, Chennai, India
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14
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Boldine, an Alkaloid from Peumus boldus Molina, Induces Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in the Perfused Rat Kidney: Involvement of Nitric Oxide and Small-Conductance Ca2+-Activated K+ Channel. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4560607. [PMID: 35222671 PMCID: PMC8865971 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4560607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Boldine, 2,9-dihydroxy-1,10-dimethoxyaporphine, is the main alkaloid found in the leaves and bark of Peumus boldus Molina. In recent years, boldine has demonstrated several pharmacological properties that benefit endothelial function, blood pressure control, and reduce damage in kidney diseases. However, the renal vasodilator effects and mechanisms remain unknown. Herein, perfused rat kidneys were used to study the ability of boldine to induce vasodilation of renal arteries. For that, left kidney preparations with and without functional endothelium were contracted with phenylephrine and received 10–300 nmol boldine injections. The preparations were then perfused for 15 min with phenylephrine plus L-NAME, indomethacin, KCl, tetraethylammonium, glibenclamide, apamin, charybdotoxin, or iberiotoxin. In 30, 100, and 300 nmol doses, boldine induced a dose-and endothelium-dependent relaxing effect on the renal vascular bed. No vasodilator effects were observed in preparations lacking functional endothelium. While the inhibition of the cyclooxygenase enzyme through the addition of indomethacin did not cause any change in the vasodilating action of boldine, the nonselective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME fully precluded the vasodilatory action of boldine at all doses tested. The perfusion with KCl or tetraethylammonium (nonselective K+ channels blocker) also abolished the vasodilatory effect of boldine, indicating the participation of K+ channels in the renal action of boldine. The perfusion with glibenclamide (selective ATP-sensitive K+ channels blocker), iberiotoxin (selective high-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel blocker), and charybdotoxin (selective high- and intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel blocker) did not modify the vasodilatory action of boldine. On the other hand, the perfusion with apamin (selective small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel blocker) completely prevented the vasodilatory action of boldine at all doses tested. Together, the present study showed the renal vasodilatory properties of boldine, an effect dependent on the generation of nitric oxide and the opening of a small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel.
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Wang FX, Zhu N, Zhou F, Lin DX. Natural Aporphine Alkaloids with Potential to Impact Metabolic Syndrome. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206117. [PMID: 34684698 PMCID: PMC8540223 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of metabolic syndrome has steadily increased worldwide. As a major risk factor for various diseases, metabolic syndrome has come into focus in recent years. Some natural aporphine alkaloids are very promising agents in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome and its components because of their wide variety of biological activities. These natural aporphine alkaloids have protective effects on the different risk factors characterizing metabolic syndrome. In this review, we highlight the activities of bioactive aporphine alkaloids: thaliporphine, boldine, nuciferine, pronuciferine, roemerine, dicentrine, magnoflorine, anonaine, apomorphine, glaucine, predicentrine, isolaureline, xylopine, methylbulbocapnine, and crebanine. We particularly focused on their impact on metabolic syndrome and its components, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus, endothelial dysfunction, hypertension and cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia and obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hyperuricemia and kidney damage, erectile dysfunction, central nervous system-related disorder, and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. We also discussed the potential mechanisms of actions by aporphine alkaloids in metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Xuan Wang
- Nanjing Institute of Product Quality Inspection, Nanjing 210019, China; (N.Z.); (F.Z.); (D.-X.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13505140525
| | - Nan Zhu
- Nanjing Institute of Product Quality Inspection, Nanjing 210019, China; (N.Z.); (F.Z.); (D.-X.L.)
| | - Fan Zhou
- Nanjing Institute of Product Quality Inspection, Nanjing 210019, China; (N.Z.); (F.Z.); (D.-X.L.)
- School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Dong-Xiang Lin
- Nanjing Institute of Product Quality Inspection, Nanjing 210019, China; (N.Z.); (F.Z.); (D.-X.L.)
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16
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Schreck K, Melzig MF. Traditionally Used Plants in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: Screening for Uptake Inhibition of Glucose and Fructose in the Caco2-Cell Model. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:692566. [PMID: 34489694 PMCID: PMC8417609 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.692566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The traditional use of plants and their preparations in the treatment of diseases as a first medication in the past centuries indicates the presence of active components for specific targets in the natural material. Many of the tested plants in this study have been traditionally used in the treatment of Diabetes mellitus type 2 and associated symptoms in different cultural areas. Additionally, hypoglycemic effects, such as a decrease in blood glucose concentration, have been demonstrated in vivo for these plants. In order to determine the mode of action, the plants were prepared as methanolic and aqueous extracts and tested for their effects on intestinal glucose and fructose absorption in Caco2 cells. The results of this screening showed significant and reproducible inhibition of glucose uptake between 40 and 80% by methanolic extracts made from the fruits of Aronia melanocarpa, Cornus officinalis, Crataegus pinnatifida, Lycium chinense, and Vaccinium myrtillus; the leaves of Brassica oleracea, Juglans regia, and Peumus boldus; and the roots of Adenophora triphylla. Furthermore, glucose uptake was inhibited between 50 and 70% by aqueous extracts made from the bark of Eucommia ulmoides and the fruit skin of Malus domestica. The methanolic extracts of Juglans regia and Peumus boldus inhibited the fructose transport between 30 and 40% in Caco2 cells as well. These findings can be considered as fundamental work for further research regarding the treatment of obesity-correlated diseases, such as Diabetes mellitus type 2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias F. Melzig
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Karunanidhi P, Verma N, Kumar DN, Agrawal AK, Singh S. Triphenylphosphonium functionalized Ficus religiosa L. extract loaded nanoparticles improve the mitochondrial function in oxidative stress induced diabetes. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:158. [PMID: 34009603 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to enhance the mitochondrial function in oxidative stress-induced diabetes. To achieve this, Ficus religiosa L. extract loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (ETNPs) were prepared and functionalized by using triphenylphosphonium. Developed nanoparticles demonstrated desired quality attributes with sustained release for up to 24 h and excellent storage stability for up to 180 days at 40 ± 2°C and 75 ± 5% relative humidity. In vitro cytotoxicity assessment showed no toxicity of ETNPs. Interestingly, oral administration of ETNPs to diabetic rats demonstrated improved mitochondrial function by normalizing the mitochondrial morphology, intracellular calcium ion concentration, complexes I, II, IV, and V activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and antioxidant levels. Further, reduction in apoptotic markers viz. cytochrome-C, caspase-3, and caspase-9 was observed following the ETNP treatment. Moreover, significant reduction in blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin while significant improvement in plasma insulin was observed as compared to the diabetic group following the treatment with developed formulation. Furthermore, histopathology studies confirmed the safety of the developed formulation and thus, data in hand collectively suggest that proposed strategy can be effectively used to improve the mitochondrial function in oxidative stress-induced diabetes along with better control over blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin.
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18
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El-Ouady F, Lahrach N, Ajebli M, Haidani AE, Eddouks M. Antihyperglycemic Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Foeniculum vulgare in Normal and Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2021; 20:54-63. [PMID: 31195951 DOI: 10.2174/1871525717666190612121516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is associated with high blood glucose levels due to insulin shortcoming (insulinopenia) or defective insulin action. The objective of the study was to investigate the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of Foeniculum vulgare in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. METHODS The effects of the leaves aqueous extract (LAE) of Foeniculum vulgare (F. vulgare) at a dose of 10 mg/kg on blood glucose levels were evaluated in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)- induced diabetic rats. Histopathological changes were also evaluated in liver in STZ-induced rats. RESULTS Single oral administration of F. vulgare LAE reduced blood glucose levels 6 h after administration in STZ diabetic rats (p<0.0001). Furthermore, blood glucose levels were decreased in both normal (p<0.05) and STZ diabetic rats (p<0.0001) after the fifteenth day of treatment. During this test, both groups did not show any significant change in their body weight. Moreover, this aqueous extract improved oral glucose tolerance in diabetic rats and revealed a positive effect on liver histology. On the other hand, the extract used in this experiment showed an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 50% of free radicals with a concentration of 43±1.19 µg/ml. While the synthetic antioxidant (BHT) had an IC50 equal to 22.67±2.17µg /ml. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the antihyperglycemic, hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of the leaves of F. vulgare in normal and diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadwa El-Ouady
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, BP 509, Boutalamine, 52000, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Nadia Lahrach
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, BP 509, Boutalamine, 52000, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Ajebli
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, BP 509, Boutalamine, 52000, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Ahmed E Haidani
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, BP 509, Boutalamine, 52000, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Eddouks
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, BP 509, Boutalamine, 52000, Errachidia, Morocco
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19
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Yu Y, Gao J, Jiang L, Wang J. Antidiabetic nephropathy effects of synthesized gold nanoparticles through mitigation of oxidative stress. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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20
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Toledo JP, Fernández-Pérez EJ, Ferreira IL, Marinho D, Riffo-Lepe NO, Pineda-Cuevas BN, Pinochet-Pino LF, Burgos CF, Rego AC, Aguayo LG. Boldine Attenuates Synaptic Failure and Mitochondrial Deregulation in Cellular Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:617821. [PMID: 33679301 PMCID: PMC7933475 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.617821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of senile dementia worldwide, characterized by both cognitive and behavioral deficits. Amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) oligomers (AβO) have been found to be responsible for several pathological mechanisms during the development of AD, including altered cellular homeostasis and synaptic function, inevitably leading to cell death. Such AβO deleterious effects provide a way for identifying new molecules with potential anti-AD properties. Available treatments minimally improve AD symptoms and do not extensively target intracellular pathways affected by AβO. Naturally-derived compounds have been proposed as potential modifiers of Aβ-induced neurodysfunction and cytotoxicity based on their availability and chemical diversity. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate boldine, an alkaloid derived from the bark and leaves of the Chilean tree Peumus boldus, and its capacity to block some dysfunctional processes caused by AβO. We examined the protective effect of boldine (1–10 μM) in primary hippocampal neurons and HT22 hippocampal-derived cell line treated with AβO (24–48 h). We found that boldine interacts with Aβ in silico affecting its aggregation and protecting hippocampal neurons from synaptic failure induced by AβO. Boldine also normalized changes in intracellular Ca2+ levels associated to mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum in HT22 cells treated with AβO. In addition, boldine completely rescued the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and the increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and attenuated AβO-induced decrease in mitochondrial respiration in HT22 hippocampal cells. We conclude that boldine provides neuroprotection in AD models by both direct interactions with Aβ and by preventing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Additional studies are required to evaluate the effect of boldine on cognitive and behavioral deficits induced by Aβ in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Toledo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario, Concepción, Chile
| | - Eduardo J Fernández-Pérez
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ildete L Ferreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Marinho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nicolas O Riffo-Lepe
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario, Concepción, Chile
| | - Benjamin N Pineda-Cuevas
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luis F Pinochet-Pino
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carlos F Burgos
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario, Concepción, Chile
| | - A Cristina Rego
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luis G Aguayo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario, Concepción, Chile
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21
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Singh AK, Singh A. Preparation, Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Potential of Boldine-phospholipid Complex. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885515999201021165556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Boldine, is an aporphine alkaloid that possesses potent antioxidant activity.
Despite having enormous potential, the clinical application of boldine was restricted because of its
poor bioavailability attributed to its poor aqueous solubility and rapid clearance from the body. The
drug phospholipid complexation techniques were frequently employed to overcome the limitation of
low bioavailability of phytoconstituents/herbal extract.
Objective:
The boldine phospholipid complex (BOL-PC) formulation was developed for enhancing
antioxidant potential of boldine by preparing its phospholipid complex.
Methods:
Boldine loaded phospholipid (BOL-PC) complex was prepared by refluxing followed by
solvent evaporation method and subjected to various physicochemical and spectral analysis. Further,
the in-vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging method.
Results:
The formation of the complex was confirmed by 1H NMR and thermal analysis. SEM and PXRD revealed partial
amorphization of drug in complex formed. The BOL-PC dissolution rate and solubility was significantly improved
compared to the parent compound. The maximum % yield and % EE was found to be 95.92± 0.01732 and 95.89±0.3502
respectively in the optimized formulation (F3) which exhibited concentration-dependent antioxidant property.
Conclusion:
It was concluded from the study that the phospholipid complexation of boldine has better
antioxidant potential and improved the solubility, dissolution profile which may facilitate its oral absorption
and enhances its chances for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Singh
- Research Scholar, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Bhimtal Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital Uttarakhand,India
| | - Anita Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Bhimtal Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital Uttarakhand,India
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22
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Lekar’ AV, Maksimenko EV, Borisenko SN, Khizrieva SS, Borisenko NI, Minkin VI. “One-Pot” Technique for Transformation of the Aporphine Alkaloid Boldine into Phenanthrene Seco-Boldine with Subcritical Water. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s199079312007012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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23
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Vásquez-Espinal A, Yañez O, Osorio E, Areche C, García-Beltrán O, Ruiz LM, Cassels BK, Tiznado W. Structure–antioxidant activity relationships in boldine and glaucine: a DFT study. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04028b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DFT calculations indicate that boldine and glaucine exhibit direct antioxidant activity through the HAT and SPLET (at high pH values) mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Vásquez-Espinal
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
| | - Osvaldo Yañez
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
| | - Edison Osorio
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas
- Universidad de Ibagué
- Carrera 22 calle 67
- Ibagué
- Colombia
| | - Carlos Areche
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Chile
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Olimpo García-Beltrán
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas
- Universidad de Ibagué
- Carrera 22 calle 67
- Ibagué
- Colombia
| | - Lina M. Ruiz
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas
- Facultad Ciencias de la Salud
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Bruce K. Cassels
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Chile
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - William Tiznado
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
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Nacer W, Baba Ahmed FZ, Merzouk H, Benyagoub O, Bouanane S. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of the microalgae Nannochloropsis gaditana in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:1483-1490. [PMID: 33553035 PMCID: PMC7843831 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00681-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of N. gaditana on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus in Wistar rats. METHODS Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (45 mg/kg). Male rats were fed on control diet supplemented or not with N. gaditana (10%) for a period of 2 months. At the end of the experiment, biochemical parameters and oxidant/antioxidant markers in liver and pancreas tissues, as well as mitochondria isolated from liver of rats, were determined. RESULTS It was notice that levels of glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, kidney functions and liver enzymes in addition to markers of the inflammatory reactions interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) increased significantly (P < 0.05) in diabetic rats. Moreover, undesirable alterations of oxidative stress markers of tissue and mitochondria isolated from the liver were noted in these rats. N. gaditana supplementation was shown effective in lowering the levels of glucose, HbA1c and improving the renal and hepatic function and also in attenuating the oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic rats. CONCLUSION N. gaditana possesses antioxidant properties that might have beneficial effect in treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassila Nacer
- Laboratory of Physiology, Physiopathology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe, University Abou-Bekr Belkaïd, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Fatima Zohra Baba Ahmed
- Laboratory of Physiology, Physiopathology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe, University Abou-Bekr Belkaïd, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Hafida Merzouk
- Laboratory of Physiology, Physiopathology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe, University Abou-Bekr Belkaïd, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Ouahiba Benyagoub
- Laboratory of Physiology, Physiopathology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe, University Abou-Bekr Belkaïd, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Samira Bouanane
- Laboratory of Physiology, Physiopathology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe, University Abou-Bekr Belkaïd, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria
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Kara E, Kahraman E, Dayar E, Yetik Anacak G, Demir O, Gidener S, Atabey N, Durmus N. The role of resistin on metabolic syndrome-induced erectile dysfunction and the possible therapeutic effect of Boldine. Andrology 2020; 8:1728-1735. [PMID: 32609430 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistin is known as a potential mediator of obesity-associated insulin resistance. The high resistin level disrupts nitric oxide (NO)-mediated relaxation which is also important in erectile function. An antioxidant alkaloid, Boldine, is known as anti-diabetic and protects endothelial functions. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate resistin expression in penile tissue in the presence of insulin resistance (IR) and the effect of Boldine treatment on erectile functions in the metabolic syndrome (MetS) rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: Control, MetS, and boldine treated MetS group. MetS parameters were assessed by serum triglycerides (TG), uric acid (UA), glucose, insulin levels, HOMA index, and waist circumference (WC)/tibia length (TL) ratio. To evaluate erectile functions, intracavernous pressure (ICP)/mean arterial pressure (MAP) ratio was performed during cavernous nerve stimulation. Protein expressions of resistin, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), p(S1177) eNOS, and insulin receptor-β were evaluated by Western blotting. RESULTS TG, glucose, insulin levels, weight, WC/TL ratio, HOMA index and resistin expression in penile tissue were significantly increased and ICP/MAP values, and p (S1177) eNOS expression in penile tissue were decreased in MetS group. Boldine treatment enhanced ICP/MAP values, insulin receptor-β and p(S1177) eNOS expressions compared with the MetS group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION MetS caused a deterioration in erectile function accompanied by an increase in resistin expression and a reduction in eNOS enzyme activation in the rat penile tissues. Boldine treatment resulted in an improvement in erectile function, independent of resistin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Kara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Ezgi Dayar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gunay Yetik Anacak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Parmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Omer Demir
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sedef Gidener
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nese Atabey
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nergiz Durmus
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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Boeing T, Mariano LNB, Dos Santos AC, Tolentino B, Vargas AC, de Souza P, Nesello LAN, da Silva LM. Gastroprotective effect of the alkaloid boldine: Involvement of non-protein sulfhydryl groups, prostanoids and reduction on oxidative stress. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 327:109166. [PMID: 32531310 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Boldine is the main alkaloid of Peumus boldus Molina, widely used in the traditional medicine for the treatment of digestive disorders. It is a compound with excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties already described. Despite the widespread use of P. boldus for digestive disorders treatment, the gastroprotective effect of Boldine remains unknown. Considering the need for new approaches to treat gastric ulcers with fewer side effects than current therapy, this study aimed to investigate the gastroprotective effect of Boldine in mice, as well as the mechanisms underlying this effect. The gastroprotective effect of Boldine was evaluated on gastric ulcer induced by 60% ethanol/0.3 M HCl or indomethacin (100 mg/kg) in mice. Histological analysis and the mucin-like glycoprotein content were evaluated in ethanol-ulcerated tissue, as well as, oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters. The mechanisms involved in the effect of Boldine were evaluated by pretreating mice with NEM (a sulfhydryl group chelator, 10 mg/kg, i.p.), l-NAME (a non-selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, 70 mg/kg, i.p.), yohimbine (an alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist, 2 mg/kg, i.p.) and indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, 10 mg/kg, i.p.). In addition, the in vitro effect of Boldine on H+/K+-ATPase activity was determined. Boldine was able to protect gastric mucosa against the damage induced by ethanol/HCl and indomethacin, as evidenced by reduced lesion area and histological analysis. Moreover, the alkaloid reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators in ethanol-ulcerated tissue, beyond has increased mucin-like glycoprotein amount. Finally, Boldine effect is dependent on non-protein sulfhydryl groups and prostanoids but does not involve the inhibition of H+/K + -ATPase activity, being a promising natural resource for gastric ulcer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaise Boeing
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences (PPGCF), Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations (NIQFAR), University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil.
| | - Luisa Natália Bolda Mariano
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences (PPGCF), Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations (NIQFAR), University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Caroline Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences (PPGCF), Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations (NIQFAR), University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Bianca Tolentino
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences (PPGCF), Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations (NIQFAR), University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Angela Cadorin Vargas
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences (PPGCF), Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations (NIQFAR), University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences (PPGCF), Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations (NIQFAR), University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Luciane Angela Nottar Nesello
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences (PPGCF), Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations (NIQFAR), University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Luísa Mota da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences (PPGCF), Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations (NIQFAR), University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
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Taeb M, Jafarzadeh A, Mortazavi-Jahromi SS, Zainodini N, Mirzaei MR, Jafarnezhad-Ansariha F, Aghazadeh Z, Mirshafiey A. Effect of β-D-Mannuronic Acid (M2000) on Oxidative Stress Enzymes' Gene Using Healthy Donor Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells for Evaluating the Anti-Aging Property. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2019; 16:265-271. [PMID: 29766814 DOI: 10.2174/1570163815666180515122834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research aimed to study the anti-aging and anti-inflammatory effects of low and high doses of the β-D-mannuronic (M2000) on gene expression of enzymes involved in oxidative stress (including SOD2, GST, GPX1, CAT, iNOS, and MPO) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy donors under in vitro conditions. METHODS The PBMCs were separated and the RNAs were then extracted and the cDNAs synthesized, and expression levels of the mentioned genes were detected by qRT-PCR. RESULTS Our results indicated that the high dose of this drug could significantly reduce the expression level of the SOD2 gene compared to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group (p < 0.0001). Moreover, it was found that the high dose of this drug could significantly decrease the expression level of the GST gene compared to the LPS group (p < 0.0001). However, no significant reductions were observed in expression levels of the CAT and GPX1 genes compared to the LPS group. Furthermore, our data revealed that the level of iNOS and MPO gene expression was significantly reduced, in both doses of M2000, respectively, compared to the LPS group (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION This research showed that M2000 as a novel NSAID with immunosuppressive properties could modify oxidative stress through lowering expression levels of the SOD2, GST, iNOS, and MPO genes compared to the healthy expression levels, with a probable reduction of the risk of developing inflammatory diseases related to age and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Taeb
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Seyed Shahabeddin Mortazavi-Jahromi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran
| | - Nahid Zainodini
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mirzaei
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Aghazadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hanchang W, Khamchan A, Wongmanee N, Seedadee C. Hesperidin ameliorates pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. Life Sci 2019; 235:116858. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zahrani YAA, Sattar MAAA, Alharthi SE, Alkreathy HM. Neuroprotective Role of Vitamin D3 Against Insulin Resistance and Diabetic Induced Memory Dysfunction in Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2019.724.730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Heidari R, Arabnezhad MR, Ommati MM, Azarpira N, Ghodsimanesh E, Niknahad H. Boldine Supplementation Regulates Mitochondrial Function and Oxidative Stress in a Rat Model of Hepatotoxicity. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2019.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The xenobiotics-induced liver injury is a clinical complication. Hence, finding new hepatoprotective strategies has clinical value. Oxidative stress and its subsequent complications are major mechanisms involved in xenobiotics-induced hepatotoxicity. Boldine is one of the most potent antioxidant molecules widely investigated for its protective properties in different experimental models. In the current study, the hepatoprotective properties of boldine and its potential mechanisms of hepatoprotection have been investigated. Methods: Rats received thioacetamide (TAA; 200 mg/kg, i.p) as a model of acute liver injury. Boldine (5, 10, 1nd 20 mg/kg; 24 hours intervals; oral) was administered as the hepatoprotective agent. Results: Liver injury was evident in TAA-treated animals (48 hours after TAA exposure) as a severe increase in serum level of liver injury biomarkers and histopathological alterations. Moreover, markers of oxidative stress were increased in liver tissue of TAA-treated rats. Assessment of mitochondrial indices of functionality revealed a significant decrease in mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity, the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial swelling and depletion of ATP content. It was found that boldine supplementation mitigated liver tissue markers of oxidative stress and improved mitochondrial indices of functionality in TAA-treated animals. Conclusion: The hepatoprotective properties of boldine might primarily rely on antioxidant and mitochondria protecting effects of this alkaloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Arabnezhad
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Ghodsimanesh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Niknahad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Köhlerová R, Čermáková E, Hajzlerová M. Boldine Does Not Modify Gender Specific Wound Healing in Zucker Diabetic Rats. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801301116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Boldine is a natural alkaloid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. It reduces glycemia and decreases blood pressure in rats with type 1 diabetes. We have also studied whether boldine has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in rats with type 2 diabetes and whether it can improve healing of their skin wounds, a serious comorbidity of type 2 diabetes. This work also compares lean and obese Zucker diabetic rats, including a comparison of both sexes. After skin excisions, the wounded animals received granules containing boldine ad libitum. The weights of rats, amount of consumed food and wound size were measured regularly. Scar and internal organs were removed and analyzed. Further, the tensile strength of the scar was tested and hydroxyproline content (a marker of collagen) measured. We have not confirmed previously published positive effects of boldine, but we observed important differences between gender and between genotypes. Male rats had higher body weight, liver, kidney and spleen than female rats. Furthermore, their wounds took longer to heal with bigger scar areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Köhlerová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Čermáková
- Computer Technology Center, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Milena Hajzlerová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Czech Republic
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Valipour Chahardahcharic S, Setorki M. The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Crataegus monogyna on hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and pancreatic tissue damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.15171/jhp.2018.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Chen K, Lv ZT, Cheng P, Zhu WT, Liang S, Yang Q, Parkman VJA, Zhou CH, Jing XZ, Liu H, Wang YT, Lin H, Liao H, Chen AM. Boldine Ameliorates Estrogen Deficiency-Induced Bone Loss via Inhibiting Bone Resorption. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1046. [PMID: 30271347 PMCID: PMC6146032 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is an enormous health problem caused by the imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation. The current therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis still have some limitations. Boldine, an alkaloid isolated from Peumus boldus, has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo. For the first time, we discover that boldine has a protective effect for the estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in mice. According to the Micro-CT and histomorphometry assays, boldine conducts this protective effect through inhibiting bone resorption without affecting bone formation in vivo. Moreover, we showed that boldine can inhibit receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation via impairing the AKT signaling pathways, while SC79 (an AKT agonist) partially rescue this effect. In conclusion, our results suggest that boldine can prevent estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. Thus, boldine may be served as a novel therapeutic agent for anti-osteoporotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Biological Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zheng-tao Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Biological Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-tao Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Biological Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Virginia-Jeni Akila Parkman
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chen-he Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing-zhi Jing
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Biological Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-ting Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Biological Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Liao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - An-min Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Biological Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Bacanli M, Aydin S, Anlar HG, Çal T, Ündeğer Bucurgat Ü, Ari N, Başaran AA, Başaran N. Protective Effects of Ursolic Acid in the Kidneys of Diabetic Rats. Turk J Pharm Sci 2018; 15:166-170. [PMID: 32454656 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.49469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Diabetes, a heteregenous metabolic and chronic disease, is a growing health problem in most countries. It has been claimed that diabetes is associated with the increased formation of free radicals and decreased in antioxidant potential. Oxidative stress formed in diabetes may cause DNA damage in the tissues. Ursolic acid, a well-known pentacylic triterpene, is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine due to its beneficial health effects such as antioxidant, anticancer, and antiulcer properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ursolic acid in the kidneys of Wistar albino rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Materials and Methods DNA damage was evaluated in the kidney cells of rats using alkaline comet assays. Oxidative stress parameters such as CAT, SOD, GR, and GSH-Px enzyme activities and total GSH and MDA levels were also evaluated. Results Ursolic acid treatment was found to significantly decrease DNA damage, GR enzyme activities, and MDA levels, and significantly increase GSH levels and CAT, SOD and GSH-Px enzyme activities in diabetic rats. Conclusion According to our results, it seems that ursolic acid may be beneficial against diabetes-induced renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Bacanli
- Hacettepe Unversity, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevtap Aydin
- Hacettepe Unversity, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hatice Gül Anlar
- Hacettepe Unversity, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tuğbagül Çal
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ülkü Ündeğer Bucurgat
- Hacettepe Unversity, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuray Ari
- Ankara Unversity, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Ahmet Başaran
- Hacettepe Unversity, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurşen Başaran
- Hacettepe Unversity, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
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Effect of treatment with vitamin D plus calcium on oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26:1208-1213. [PMID: 30532641 PMCID: PMC6260496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In diabetes mellitus, uncontrolled hyperglycemia has been reported to induce oxidative stress, which may lead to health complications. Vitamin D, however, acts as a non-enzymatic antioxidant to protect cells against oxidative stress and damage. Objective To investigate the antioxidative effect of vitamin D combined with calcium in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods Rats were divided into four groups (ten rats in each group). The first group (control) received a normal diet and water. The second group, including STZ-induced diabetic rats (diabetic controls), received a normal diet and water. The third group, also including STZ-induced diabetic rats, received vitamin D (2000 IU/day) with calcium (500 mg/kg/day) orally for 28 consecutive days. The fourth group consisted of STZ-induced diabetic rats that received insulin treatment for 28 consecutive days. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPO) and catalase were measured in the liver tissues. The level of malonaldehyde (MDA) was measured in the plasma. Results Diabetic rats showed a significant decrease in the activities of SOD, GPO and catalase compared to normal rats. Oral administration of vitamin D with calcium to diabetic rats caused a significant increase in the activities of SOD, GPO and catalase compared with the untreated group. Furthermore, the plasma level of MDA was significantly elevated in diabetic rats compared to normal rats. Diabetic rats treated with vitamin D and calcium had a significantly reduced level of MDA, suggesting that vitamin D with calcium played a vital role in the protection of tissues from damage by free radicals. Conclusion Oral supplementation with vitamin D and calcium may be a useful treatment for diabetic patients to reduce/prevent the pathological complications of diabetes.
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Boldine isolated from Litsea cubeba inhibits bone resorption by suppressing the osteoclast differentiation in collagen-induced arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 51:114-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Hepatoprotective effect of boldine in a bile duct ligated rat model of cholestasis/cirrhosis. PHARMANUTRITION 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Elucidation of Molecular Mechanisms of Streptozotocin-Induced Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Rin-5F Pancreatic β-Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7054272. [PMID: 28845214 PMCID: PMC5563420 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7054272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Streptozotocin is a pancreatic beta-cell-specific cytotoxin and is widely used to induce experimental type 1 diabetes in rodent models. The precise molecular mechanism of STZ cytotoxicity is however not clear. Studies have suggested that STZ is preferably absorbed by insulin-secreting β-cells and induces cytotoxicity by producing reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). In the present study, we have investigated the mechanism of cytotoxicity of STZ in insulin-secreting pancreatic cancer cells (Rin-5F) at different doses and time intervals. Cell viability, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial bioenergetics were studied. Our results showed that STZ induces alterations in glutathione homeostasis and inhibited the activities of the respiratory enzymes, resulting in inhibition of ATP synthesis. Apoptosis was observed in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Western blot analysis has also confirmed altered expression of oxidative stress markers (e.g., NOS and Nrf2), cell signaling kinases, apoptotic protein-like caspase-3, PARP, and mitochondrial specific proteins. These results suggest that STZ-induced cytotoxicity in pancreatic cells is mediated by an increase in oxidative stress, alterations in cellular metabolism, and mitochondrial dysfunction. This study may be significant in better understanding the mechanism of STZ-induced β-cell toxicity/resistance and the etiology of type 1 diabetes induction.
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Justino AB, Pereira MN, Peixoto LG, Vilela DD, Caixeta DC, de Souza AV, Teixeira RR, Silva HCG, de Moura FBR, Moraes IB, Espindola FS. Hepatoprotective Properties of a Polyphenol-Enriched Fraction from Annona crassiflora Mart. Fruit Peel against Diabetes-Induced Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:4428-4438. [PMID: 28514152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A polyphenol-enriched fraction from Annona crassiflora fruit peel (Ac-Pef) containing chlorogenic acid, (epi)catechin, procyanidin B2, and caffeoyl-glucoside was investigated against hepatic oxidative and nitrosative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Serum biochemical parameters, hepatic oxidative and nitrosative status, glutathione defense system analysis, and in silico assessment of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) of the main compounds of Ac-Pef were carried out. Ac-Pef treatment during 30 days decreased serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities, as well as hepatic lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation and nitration, inducible nitric oxide synthase level, and activities and expressions of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. There were increases in antioxidant capacity, glutathione reductase activity, and reduced glutathione level. ADMET predictions of Ac-Pef compounds showed favorable absorption and distribution, with no hepatotoxicity. A. crassiflora fruit peel showed hepatoprotective properties, indicating a promising natural source of bioactive molecules for prevention and therapy of diabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Nunes Pereira
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Gomes Peixoto
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Danielle Diniz Vilela
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | - Adriele Vieira de Souza
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Renata Roland Teixeira
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Izabela Barbosa Moraes
- Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Oeste da Bahia , Barreiras, Brazil
| | - Foued Salmen Espindola
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlândia, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlândia, Brazil
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Taeb M, Mortazavi-Jahromi SS, Jafarzadeh A, Mirzaei MR, Mirshafiey A. An in vitro evaluation of anti-aging effect of guluronic acid (G2013) based on enzymatic oxidative stress gene expression using healthy individuals PBMCs. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:262-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Yusuksawad M, Chaiyabutr N. The beneficial effect of long-term supplementation of vitamin C on renal mitochondrial disturbances in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. ASIAN BIOMED 2017. [DOI: 10.5372/1905-7415.0502.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress induces renal dysfunction in diabetes, in which renal mitochondrial disturbance was implicated. Vitamin C (VC) supplementation may ameliorate the renal dysfunction in diabetics. However, it is not clear whether VC supplementation is effective for renal mitochondrial disturbances in diabetes.
Objective: Investigate whether long-term continuous VC supplementation could ameliorate the renal mitochondrial disturbances in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
Methods: Thirty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were used, and diabetes was induced by an injection of STZ. The rats were divided into three groups: control rats (CON), STZ-induced diabetic rats (STZ), and diabetic rats supplemented by vitamin C (STZ-VC). The CON and STZ rats were given tap water, while STZ-VC rats received VC (1 g/L) every day for eight, 24 and 52 weeks. The kidney was isolated and homogenized. Oxygen comsumption (Vo2) was measured in mitochondria homogenate using an oxygen consumption monitor. Based on Vo2 tracings, the respiration control index (RCI) and P/O ratio (= ADP/ O ratio) were measured at week 8, 24 and 52.
Results: At week eight, using either glutamate plus malate (for site I) or succinate (for site II) as substrates, both RCI and P/O ratio were not significantly different among three groups. The P/O ratio in STZ and STZ-VC rats increased from eight to 52 weeks after VC supplementation. At week 24, the P/O ratio at site II was normalized in STZ-VC rat. The increased P/O ratio (only site I) and the increased RCI (only site II) of STZ-VC rats were slower than those of STZ rats.
Conclusion: Short-term VC supplementation might not influence the renal mitochondrial activity. The long-term VC supplementation could ameliorate the mitochondrial disturbances induced in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Yusuksawad
- Ph. D, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Narongsak Chaiyabutr
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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42
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Modeling of boldine alkaloid adsorption onto pure and propyl-sulfonic acid-modified mesoporous silicas. A comparative study. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 69:815-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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43
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Li W, Ma Z, Ma J, Li X, Xu Q, Duan W, Chen X, Lv Y, Zhou S, Wu E, Ma Q, Huo X. Hydrogen peroxide mediates hyperglycemia-induced invasive activity via ERK and p38 MAPK in human pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:31119-33. [PMID: 26439801 PMCID: PMC4741592 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus and pancreatic cancer are intimately related, as approximately 85% of pancreatic cancer patients suffer from glucose intolerance or even diabetes. In this study, we evaluate the underlying mechanism by which hyperglycemia modulates the invasive potential of cancer cells and contributes to their enhanced metastatic behavior. Here we show that hyperglycemia increases the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration through up-regulation of manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) expression, which further activates the ERK and p38 MAPK pathways, as well as the transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1, in a time-dependent manner. The invasion of pancreatic cancer cells resulting from the activation of the H2O2/MAPK axis under high glucose conditions is effectively inhibited by PD 98059 (ERK inhibitor), SB 203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor), polyethylene glycol-conjugated catalase (PEG-CAT), or the siRNA specific to SOD2. In addition, streptozotocin-treated diabetic nude mice exhibit a stronger tumor invasive ability in renal capsule xenografts which could be suppressed by PEG-CAT treatment. Furthermore, the integrated optical density (IOD) of SOD2 and uPA stainings is higher in the tumor tissues of pancreatic cancer patients with diabetes compared with pancreatic cancer patients with euglycemia. Taken together, our results demonstrate that hyperglycemia enhances cell invasive ability through the SOD2/H2O2/MAPK axis in human pancreatic cancer. Thus, SOD2/H2O2/MAPK axis may represent a promising therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer patients combined with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zhenhua Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jiguang Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xuqi Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qinhong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wanxing Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yunfu Lv
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, 58108, ND, USA
| | - Erxi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, 58108, ND, USA
| | - Qingyong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiongwei Huo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
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Hyperglycemia Promotes the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Pancreatic Cancer via Hydrogen Peroxide. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:5190314. [PMID: 27433288 PMCID: PMC4940572 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5190314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and pancreatic cancer are intimately related, as approximately 85% of patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer have impaired glucose tolerance or even DM. Our previous studies have indicated that high glucose could promote the invasive and migratory abilities of pancreatic cancer cells. We therefore explored the underlying mechanism that hyperglycemia modulates the metastatic potential of pancreatic cancer. Our data showed that streptozotocin- (STZ-) treated diabetic nude mice exhibit larger tumor size than that of the euglycemic mice. The number of nude mice that develop liver metastasis or ascites is much more in the STZ-treated group than that in the euglycemic group. Hyperglycemic mice contain a higher plasma H2O2-level than that from euglycemic mice. The injection of polyethylene glycol-conjugated catalase (PEG-CAT), an H2O2 scavenger, may reverse hyperglycemia-induced tumor metastasis. In addition, hyperglycemia could also modulate the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition- (EMT-) related factors in pancreatic tumor tissues, as the E-cadherin level is decreased and the expression of mesenchymal markers N-cadherin and vimentin as well as transcription factor snail is strongly increased. The injection of PEG-CAT could also reverse hyperglycemia-induced EMT. These results suggest that the association between hyperglycemia and poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer can be attributed to the alterations of EMT through the production of hydrogen peroxide.
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45
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Bianchini MC, Gularte COA, Escoto DF, Pereira G, Gayer MC, Roehrs R, Soares FAA, Puntel RL. Peumus boldus (Boldo) Aqueous Extract Present Better Protective Effect than Boldine Against Manganese-Induced Toxicity in D. melanogaster. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2699-2707. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1984-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Glucose Oxidase Induces Cellular Senescence in Immortal Renal Cells through ILK by Downregulating Klotho Gene Expression. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:416738. [PMID: 26583057 PMCID: PMC4637093 DOI: 10.1155/2015/416738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence can be prematurely induced by oxidative stress involved in aging. In this work, we were searching for novel intermediaries in oxidative stress-induced senescence, focusing our interest on integrin-linked kinase (ILK), a scaffold protein at cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion sites, and on the Klotho gene. Cultured renal cells were treated with glucose oxidase (GOx) for long time periods. GOx induced senescence, increasing senescence associated β-galactosidase activity and the expression of p16. In parallel, GOx increased ILK protein expression and activity. Ectopic overexpression of ILK in cells increased p16 expression, even in the absence of GOx, whereas downregulation of ILK inhibited the increase in p16 due to oxidative stress. Additionally, GOx reduced Klotho gene expression and cells overexpressing Klotho protein did not undergo senescence after GOx addition. We demonstrated a direct link between ILK and Klotho since silencing ILK expression in cells and mice increases Klotho expression and reduces p53 and p16 expression in renal cortex. In conclusion, oxidative stress induces cellular senescence in kidney cells by increasing ILK protein expression and activity, which in turn reduces Klotho expression. We hereby present ILK as a novel downregulator of Klotho gene expression.
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47
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Xu Z, Zhang L, Li X, Jiang Z, Sun L, Zhao G, Zhou G, Zhang H, Shang J, Wang T. Mitochondrial fusion/fission process involved in the improvement of catalpol on high glucose-induced hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:730-40. [PMID: 26140925 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalpol, an iridoid glycoside, has been shown to exert hypoglycemic effect by rescuing mitochondrial function, but the detailed mechanism remains unclear yet. In this study, the effect and mechanism of catalpol on the hepatic mitochondria under diabetic conditions were further examined. Oral administration of catalpol significantly reduced the blood glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels in high-fat diet- and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Additionally, catalpol attenuated the decrease in liver mitochondrial ATP content resulting from diabetes. Furthermore, the number of mitochondria possessing a long size was increased in catalpol-treated mice. Interestingly, the catalpol-induced recovery of mitochondrial function was associated with decreased fission protein 1 and dynamin-related protein 1 expression as well as increased mitofusin 1 expression in the liver. In HepG2 cells, catalpol alleviated the decrease of ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential, and the increase of reactive oxygen species formation induced by high glucose. MitoTracker Green stain shows that the tubular feature of mitochondria was maintained when cells were treated with catalpol. Catalpol also decreased fission protein 1 and dynamin-related protein 1 expression and increased mitofusin 1 expression in HepG2 cells. The present results suggest that catalpol can ameliorate hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction under a diabetic state, and this may be related to its regulation of mitochondrial fusion and fission events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimeng Xu
- Jiangsu Center of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Center of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Jiangsu Center of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- Jiangsu Center of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lixin Sun
- Jiangsu Center of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guolin Zhao
- Jiangsu Center of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guohua Zhou
- Qinghai Yangzong Pharmaceutial Co., Ltd, Xining 810003, China
| | - Heran Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Jing Shang
- Jiangsu Center of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Center of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Opposite Expression of SPARC between the Liver and Pancreas in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131189. [PMID: 26110898 PMCID: PMC4481468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a matricellular protein that regulates several cellular events, including inflammation and tissue remodelling. In this study, we investigated the tissue-specific expression of SPARC in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes, and found that SPARC was significantly up-regulated in the liver while down-regulated in the pancreas of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Chronic inflammation occurred in the diabetic pancreas accompanied by up-regulation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) and its targets (TNFα, Il6, CRP, and Fn1) as well as myeloperoxidase (Mpo) and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2 (Cxcr2). Diabetic liver showed significant up-regulation of Tgfb1 as well as moderately less up-regulated TNFα and reduced Fn1, resulting in elevated fibrogenesis. PARP-1 was not up-regulated during CD95-mediated apoptosis, resulting in restoration of high ATP levels in the diabetic liver. On the contrary, CD95-dependent apoptosis was not observed in the diabetic pancreas due to up-regulation of PARP-1 and ATP depletion, resulting in necrosis. The cytoprotective machinery was damaged by pancreatic inflammation, whereas adequate antioxidant capacity indicates low oxidative stress in the diabetic liver. High and low cellular insulin content was found in the diabetic liver and pancreas, respectively. Furthermore, we identified six novel interacting partner proteins of SPARC by co-immunoprecipitation in the diabetic liver and pancreas, and their interactions with SPARC were predicted by bioinformatics tools. Taken together, opposite expression of SPARC in the diabetic liver and pancreas may be related to inflammation and immune cell infiltration, degrees of apoptosis and fibrosis, cytoprotective machinery, and cellular insulin levels.
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49
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Protective effects of dietary avocado oil on impaired electron transport chain function and exacerbated oxidative stress in liver mitochondria from diabetic rats. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2015; 47:337-53. [PMID: 26060181 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-015-9614-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Electron transport chain (ETC) dysfunction, excessive ROS generation and lipid peroxidation are hallmarks of mitochondrial injury in the diabetic liver, with these alterations also playing a role in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Enhanced mitochondrial sensitivity to lipid peroxidation during diabetes has been also associated to augmented content of C22:6 in membrane phospholipids. Thus, we aimed to test whether avocado oil, a rich source of C18:1 and antioxidants, attenuates the deleterious effects of diabetes on oxidative status of liver mitochondria by decreasing unsaturation of acyl chains of membrane lipids and/or by improving ETC functionality and decreasing ROS generation. Streptozocin-induced diabetes elicited a noticeable increase in the content of C22:6, leading to augmented mitochondrial peroxidizability index and higher levels of lipid peroxidation. Mitochondrial respiration and complex I activity were impaired in diabetic rats with a concomitant increase in ROS generation using a complex I substrate. This was associated to a more oxidized state of glutathione, All these alterations were prevented by avocado oil except by the changes in mitochondrial fatty acid composition. Avocado oil did not prevented hyperglycemia and polyphagia although did normalized hyperlipidemia. Neither diabetes nor avocado oil induced steatosis. These results suggest that avocado oil improves mitochondrial ETC function by attenuating the deleterious effects of oxidative stress in the liver of diabetic rats independently of a hypoglycemic effect or by modifying the fatty acid composition of mitochondrial membranes. These findings might have also significant implications in the progression of NAFLD in experimental models of steatosis.
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50
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Lau YS, Ling WC, Murugan D, Mustafa MR. Boldine Ameliorates Vascular Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction: Therapeutic Implication for Hypertension and Diabetes. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2015; 65:522-31. [PMID: 25469805 PMCID: PMC4461386 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical studies have demonstrated that a growing list of natural products, as components of the daily diet or phytomedical preparations, are a rich source of antioxidants. Boldine [(S)-2,9-dihydroxy-1,10-dimethoxy-aporphine], an aporphine alkaloid, is a potent antioxidant found in the leaves and bark of the Chilean boldo tree. Boldine has been extensively reported as a potent "natural" antioxidant and possesses several health-promoting properties like anti-inflammatory, antitumor promoting, antidiabetic, and cytoprotective. Boldine exhibited significant endothelial protective effect in animal models of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. In isolated thoracic aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, and db/db mice, repeated treatment of boldine significantly improved the attenuated acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxations. The endothelial protective role of boldine correlated with increased nitric oxide levels and reduction of vascular reactive oxygen species via inhibition of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunits, p47 and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2, and angiotensin II-induced bone morphogenetic protein-4 oxidative stress cascade with downregulation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor and bone morphogenetic protein-4 expression. Taken together, it seems that boldine may exert protective effects on the endothelium via several mechanisms, including protecting nitric oxide from degradation by reactive oxygen species as in oxidative stress-related diseases. The present review supports a complimentary therapeutic role of the phytochemical, boldine, against endothelial dysfunctions associated with hypertension and diabetes mellitus by interfering with the oxidative stress-mediated signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeh Siiang Lau
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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