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Zhao X, Li D, Zhu J, Fan Y, Xu J, Huang X, Nie Z, Chen D. Stably Grafting Polymer Brushes on Both Active and Inert Surfaces Using Tadpole-Like Single-Chain Particles with an Interactive "Head". ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:882-888. [PMID: 38953383 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
We report a "grafting to" method for stably grafting high-molecular-weight polymer brushes on both active and inert surfaces using tadpole-like single-chain particles (TSCPs) with an interactive "head" as grafting units. The TSCPs can be efficiently synthesized through intrachain cross-linking one block of a diblock copolymer; the "head" is the intrachain cross-linked single-chain particle, and the "tail" is a linear polymer chain that has a contour length up to micrometers. When grafted to a surface, the "head", integrating numerous interacting groups, can synergize multiple weak interactions with the surface, thereby enabling stable grafting of the "tail" on both active and traditionally challenging inert surfaces. Because the structural parameters and composition of the "heads" and "tails" can be separately adjusted over a wide range, the interactivity of the "heads" with the surface and properties of the brushes can be controlled orthogonally, accomplishing surface brushes that cannot be achieved by existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Dahua Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbin Fan
- The Dow Chemical Company, 936 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayin Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiayun Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Nie
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoyong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
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2
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Vieira MF, Bovolato ALDC, da Fonseca BG, Izumi CMS, Brolo AG. A Direct Immunoassay Based on Surface-Enhanced Spectroscopy Using AuNP/PS-b-P2VP Nanocomposites. SENSORS 2023; 23:4810. [PMCID: PMC10224472 DOI: 10.3390/s23104810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
A biosensor was developed for directly detecting human immunoglobulin G (IgG) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) based on stable and reproducible gold nanoparticles/polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (AuNP/PS-b-P2VP) nanocomposites. The substrates were functionalized with carboxylic acid groups for the covalent binding of anti-IgG and anti-ATP and the detection of IgG and ATP (1 to 150 μg/mL). SEM images of the nanocomposite show 17 ± 2 nm AuNP clusters adsorbed over a continuous porous PS-b-P2VP thin film. UV–VIS and SERS were used to characterize each step of the substrate functionalization and the specific interaction between anti-IgG and the targeted IgG analyte. The UV–VIS results show a redshift of the LSPR band as the AuNP surface was functionalized and SERS measurements showed consistent changes in the spectral features. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to discriminate between samples before and after the affinity tests. Moreover, the designed biosensor proved to be sensitive to different concentrations of IgG with a limit-of-detection (LOD) down to 1 μg/mL. Moreover, the selectivity to IgG was confirmed using standard solutions of IgM as a control. Finally, ATP direct immunoassay (LOD = 1 μg/mL) has demonstrated that this nanocomposite platform can be used to detect different types of biomolecules after proper functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyra F. Vieira
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário s/n, CEP, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Lívia de Carvalho Bovolato
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Bruno G. da Fonseca
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Celly M. S. Izumi
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário s/n, CEP, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre G. Brolo
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
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3
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Rao J, Zhang H, Gaan S, Salentinig S. Self-Assembly of Polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) Micelles: From Solutions to Silica Particles Surfaces. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Rao
- Department Materials meet
Life, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Haijiang Zhang
- Department Materials meet
Life, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Sabyasachi Gaan
- Department Materials meet
Life, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Salentinig
- Department Materials meet
Life, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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4
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Qian C, Zhang S, Li J, Zuo B, Wang X. Segmental relaxation behavior of polystyrene chains in the cores of collapsed dry micelles tethered on the micelle film surface by a poly(acrylic acid) corona. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:1579-1590. [PMID: 24652303 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm52761a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present an experimental investigation of the segmental relaxation behavior of polystyrene (PS) chains that are confined in a micellar core tethered by a poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) block corona on the dry film surface, along with various core density and molecular weight of PS block from below to well above the entanglement molecular weight. The results show that the onset temperature of PS chain rearrangement (T(onset)), which was much lower than the T(bulk)(g) of the corresponding PS block and higher than T(film)(g) of ultrathin PS films with corresponding thickness and molecular weights, generally increases with increasing density of the micelle core. It was found that the difference in ΔT(onset) with increasing relative density ρ/ρmin obtained from PS154-b-PAA49 and PS278-b-PAA47 micelles was large, while these from PS278-b-PAA47 and PS404-b-PAA63 was negligible, suggesting that entanglement has considerable influence on the density dependence of the T(onset) of PS chains under confinement in the micelle core on the film surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of the Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China.
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5
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Zell ZA, Isa L, Ilg P, Leal LG, Squires TM. Adsorption energies of poly(ethylene oxide)-based surfactants and nanoparticles on an air-water surface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:110-119. [PMID: 24328531 DOI: 10.1021/la404233a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of polymer-based surfactants and nanoparticles on fluid-fluid interfaces is central to many applications, including dispersion stabilization, creation of novel 2D materials, and surface patterning. Very often these processes involve compressing interfacial monolayers of particles or polymers to obtain a desired material microstructure. At high surface pressures, however, even highly interfacially active objects can desorb from the interface. Methods of directly measuring the energy which keeps the polymer or particles bound to the interface (adsorption/desorption energies) are therefore of high interest for these processes. Moreover, though a geometric description linking adsorption energy and wetting properties through the definition of a contact angle can be established for rigid nano- or microparticles, such a description breaks down for deformable or aggregating objects. Here, we demonstrate a technique to quantify desorption energies directly, by comparing surface pressure-density compression measurements using a Wilhelmy plate and a custom-microfabricated deflection tensiometer. We focus on poly(ethylene oxide)-based polymers and nanoparticles. For PEO-based homo- and copolymers, the adsorption energy of PEO chains scales linearly with molecular weight and can be tuned by changing the subphase composition. Moreover, the desorption surface pressure of PEO-stabilized nanoparticles corresponds to the saturation surface pressure for spontaneously adsorbed monolayers, yielding trapping energies of ∼10(3) k(B)T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Zell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United States
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6
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Cheng F, Bonder EM, Salem S, Jäkle F. Pyridine-Functionalized Luminescent Organoboron Quinolate Block Copolymers as Versatile Building Blocks for Assembled Nanostructures. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400310s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark,
New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Edward M. Bonder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University-Newark, 195 University Avenue, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Shadwa Salem
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark,
New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark,
New Jersey 07102, United States
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7
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Steinhauer W, Hoogenboom R, Keul H, Moeller M. Block and Gradient Copolymers of 2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate and 2-Methoxyethyl Acrylate via RAFT: Polymerization Kinetics, Thermoresponsive Properties, and Micellization. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302606x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wiktor Steinhauer
- DWI an der
RWTH Aachen e.V.
and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- DWI an der
RWTH Aachen e.V.
and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group,
Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Helmut Keul
- DWI an der
RWTH Aachen e.V.
and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Moeller
- DWI an der
RWTH Aachen e.V.
and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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8
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Liou JY, Sun YS. Monolayers of Diblock Copolymer Micelles by Spin-Coating from o-Xylene on SiOx/Si Studied in Real and Reciprocal Space. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2025946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-You Liou
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Sen Sun
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
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9
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Cho H, Park H, Park S, Choi H, Huang H, Chang T. Development of various PS-b-P4VP micellar morphologies: fabrication of inorganic nanostructures from micellar templates. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 356:1-7. [PMID: 21277585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 12/31/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a simple route for preparing various micellar nanostructures, like spheres, cylinders, and vesicles, by spin-coating or drop-casting process of polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) copolymer solutions in pure tetrahydrofuran (THF), THF/water, and THF/ethanol mixture. Upon drying, a solvent selectivity plays an important role in determining micellar nanostructures in thin films. In solution, micellar sizes and shapes of these PS-b-P4VP copolymers were investigated by dynamic and static light scattering. Immediately after spin-coating the polymer solutions, surface and internal morphologies of the films were observed by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. As the polymer concentration in THF or the amounts of water or ethanol added in THF solutions was varied, a remarkable difference in the PS-b-P4VP micellar morphologies was observed, from which spherical or cylindrical or vesicular micelles were developed. These micellar films were used as scaffolds or templates for fabricating metal nanodots or nanowires arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesook Cho
- Interdisciplinary School of Green Energy, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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10
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Lu H, Lee DH, Russell TP. Temperature tunable micellization of polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) at Si-ionic liquid interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:17126-32. [PMID: 20973541 DOI: 10.1021/la102890s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Highly ordered and stable micelles formed from both symmetric and asymmetric block copolymers of polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) at the Si-ionic liquid (IL) interface have been investigated by scanning force microscopy (SFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate IL, a selective and temperature-tunable solvent for the P2VP block, was used and gave rise to block copolymer micelles having different morphologies that strongly depended on the annealing temperature. The effects of film thickness, molecular weight of block copolymers, and experimental conditions, such as preannealing, rinsing, and substrate properties, on the morphologies of block copolymer micelles were also studied. In addition, spherical micelles consisting of PS core and P2VP shell could also be obtained by core-corona inversion by annealing the as-coated micellar film in the IL at high temperatures. The possible mechanism for micelle formation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Lu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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11
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Ploshnik E, Salant A, Banin U, Shenhar R. Hierarchical surface patterns of nanorods obtained by co-assembly with block copolymers in ultrathin films. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:2774-2779. [PMID: 20414889 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201000573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elina Ploshnik
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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12
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Chen Z, He C, Li F, Tong L, Liao X, Wang Y. Responsive micellar films of amphiphilic block copolymer micelles: control on micelle opening and closing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:8869-8874. [PMID: 20387851 DOI: 10.1021/la904623e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We reported the deliberate control on the micelle opening and closing of amphiphilic polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) micellar films by exposing them to selective solvents. We first treated the micellar films with polar solvents including ethanol and water (pH = 4, 8, and 12) that have different affinities to P2VP. We observed opening of the micelles in all the cases. Both the size of opened pores and the opening rate are dependent on the solvency of different solvents for P2VP. We then explored the closing behavior of the opened micelles using solvents having different affinities to PS. We found that the opened micelles were recovered to their initial closed micelle forms. The recovery was accompanied by a slow micelle disassociation process which gradually reduced the micelle size. The rates of the micelle closing and disassociation are also dependent on the solvency of different solvents for PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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13
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Mendrek S, Mendrek A, Adler HJ, Dworak A, Kuckling D. Temperature-sensitive behaviour of poly(glycidol)-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) block copolymers. Colloid Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-010-2203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Park JW, Kim H, Han M. Polymeric self-assembled monolayers derived from surface-active copolymers: a modular approach to functionalized surfaces. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:2935-47. [DOI: 10.1039/b918135k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Mizuno H, Buriak JM. Nanoscale patterning of organic monolayers by catalytic stamp lithography: scope and limitations. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2009; 1:2711-20. [PMID: 20356148 DOI: 10.1021/am900602m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Developing a method to pattern organic molecules, particularly on the sub-100-nm scale, is of wide interest in current nanoscience for a broad range of technological applications. Because of the efficiency and simplicity of soft lithography, here we describe in detail the process for synthesizing and applying catalytic stamp lithography, a process that can easily produce sub-100-nm patterns on surfaces; in this work, the approach is demonstrated on silicon. Catalytic stamps were fabricated through a two-step procedure in which the nanoscale pattern of catalysts is produced via a self-assembled block-copolymer-templated synthesis of metallic nanostructures on SiO(x)/Si supports, followed by the production of the poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) stamp on top of the as-patterned metals. Simply peeling off the as-formed PDMS stamp removes the metallic nanostructures, leading to the functional stamp. Two different patterns, pseudohexagonal and linear Pt nanoarrays, were produced from a single block copolymer, PS(125000)-b-P2VP(58500), by controlling the morphology of thin-film templates through tetrahydrofuran vapor annealing. When terminal alkenes, alkynes, or aldehydes with different functionalities were used as molecular inks, these Pt nanopatterns on catalytic stamps were translated into corresponding molecular arrays on Si(111)-H and Si(100)-H(x) surfaces because catalytic hydrosilylation took place exclusively underneath patterned Pt nanostructures. With this straightforward approach, the resolution limit of conventional microcontact printing (approximately 100 nm) could be downsized to a sub-20-nm scale, while maintaining the advantages of stamp-based patterning (i.e., large-area, high-throughput capabilities and low cost).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Mizuno
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, and the National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
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16
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Fustin CA, Lefèvre N, Hoogenboom R, Schubert US, Gohy JF. Surface micellization of poly(2-oxazoline)s based copolymers containing a crystallizable block. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 332:91-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Revised: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Cavallo A, Müller M, Binder K. Monte Carlo Simulation of a Homopolymer−Copolymer Mixture Interacting with a Surface: Bulk versus Surface Micelles and Brush Formation. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma800262f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Cavallo
- Institut für Physik, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, Staudingerweg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany, Institut Charles Sadron, 23, rue du Loess, F-67034 Strasbourg, France, and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, Georg-August-Universität, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - M. Müller
- Institut für Physik, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, Staudingerweg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany, Institut Charles Sadron, 23, rue du Loess, F-67034 Strasbourg, France, and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, Georg-August-Universität, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - K. Binder
- Institut für Physik, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, Staudingerweg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany, Institut Charles Sadron, 23, rue du Loess, F-67034 Strasbourg, France, and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, Georg-August-Universität, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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18
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Chai J, Buriak JM. Using cylindrical domains of block copolymers to self-assemble and align metallic nanowires. ACS NANO 2008; 2:489-501. [PMID: 19206575 DOI: 10.1021/nn700341s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer thin films can be used as soft templates for a wide range of surfaces where large area patterns of nanoscale features are desired. The cylindrical domains of acid-sensitive, self-assembled monolayers of polystyrene-poly(2-vinylpyridine) block copolymers on silicon surfaces were utilized as structural elements for the production of parallel metal nanowires. Metal ion loading of the P2VP block with simple aqueous solutions of anionic metal complexes is accomplished via protonation of this basic block, rendering it cationic; electrostatic attraction leads to a high local concentration of metal complexes within the protonated P2VP domain. A subsequent brief plasma treatment simultaneously removes the polymer and produces metallic nanowires. The morphology of the patterns can modulated by controlling solution concentration, deposition time, and molecular weight of the block copolymers, as well as other factors. Horizontal metallic nanoarrays can be aligned on e-beam lithographically defined silicon substrates within different shapes, via graphoepitaxy. This method is highly versatile as the procedures to manipulate nanowire composition, dimension, spacing, and orientation are straightforward and based upon efficient aqueous inorganic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinan Chai
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2M9
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19
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Muñoz-Bonilla A, Haddleton DM, Cerrada ML, Fernández-García M. Thermal and Morphological Behaviour of Well-Defined Amphiphilic Triblock Copolymers Based on Cyclohexyl and Di(ethylene glycol) Methyl Ether Methacrylates. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200700353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Ji Q, Jiang X, Yin J. Facile approach to the fabrication of a micropattern possessing nanoscale substructure. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:12663-12668. [PMID: 17988159 DOI: 10.1021/la7014176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of the combined technologies of photolithography and reaction-induced phase separation (RIPS), a facile approach has been successfully developed for the fabrication of a micropattern possessing nanoscale substructure on the thin film surface. This approach involves three steps. In the first step, a thin film was prepared by spin coating from a solution of a commercial random copolymer, polystyrene-r-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-r-PMMA) and a commercial crosslinker, trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA). In the second step, photolithograph was performed with the thin film using a 250 W high-pressure mercury lamp to produce the micropattern. Finally, the resulting micropattern was annealed at 200 degrees C for a certain time, and reaction-induced phase separation occurred. After soaking in chloroform for 4 h, nanoscale substructure was obtained. The whole processes were traced by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and the results supported the proposed structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ji
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory for Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
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21
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Fustin CA, Lefèvre N, Hoogenboom R, Schubert US, Gohy JF. Micellization of Poly(2-oxazoline)-Based Quasi-Diblock Copolymers on Surfaces. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200700231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Venkataraman S, Wooley KL. Synthesis and characterization of block copolymers containing poly(di(ethylene glycol) 2-ethylhexyl ether acrylate) by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Cheng C, Schmidt M, Zhang A, Schlüter AD. Synthesis of Thermally Switchable Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-block-dendronized methacrylate)s. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma062224t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Cheng
- Laboratory for Polymer Chemistry, Department of Materials, ETH-Zurich, HCI J 541, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Jakob-Welder-Weg 11, 55128 Mainz, Germany; and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Beilu 75, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Manfred Schmidt
- Laboratory for Polymer Chemistry, Department of Materials, ETH-Zurich, HCI J 541, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Jakob-Welder-Weg 11, 55128 Mainz, Germany; and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Beilu 75, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Afang Zhang
- Laboratory for Polymer Chemistry, Department of Materials, ETH-Zurich, HCI J 541, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Jakob-Welder-Weg 11, 55128 Mainz, Germany; and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Beilu 75, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - A. Dieter Schlüter
- Laboratory for Polymer Chemistry, Department of Materials, ETH-Zurich, HCI J 541, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Jakob-Welder-Weg 11, 55128 Mainz, Germany; and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Beilu 75, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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