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Jin KH, Jiang W, Sethi G, Liu F. Topological quantum devices: a review. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:12787-12817. [PMID: 37490310 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01288c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of the concept of topology into condensed matter physics has greatly deepened our fundamental understanding of transport properties of electrons as well as all other forms of quasi particles in solid materials. It has also fostered a paradigm shift from conventional electronic/optoelectronic devices to novel quantum devices based on topology-enabled quantum device functionalities that transfer energy and information with unprecedented precision, robustness, and efficiency. In this article, the recent research progress in topological quantum devices is reviewed. We first outline the topological spintronic devices underlined by the spin-momentum locking property of topology. We then highlight the topological electronic devices based on quantized electron and dissipationless spin conductivity protected by topology. Finally, we discuss quantum optoelectronic devices with topology-redefined photoexcitation and emission. The field of topological quantum devices is only in its infancy, we envision many significant advances in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hwan Jin
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Jiang
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Gurjyot Sethi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
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2
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Aung HH, Qi Z, Niu Y, Guo Y. Rapid Production of Carbon Nanotube Film for Bioelectronic Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13111749. [PMID: 37299652 DOI: 10.3390/nano13111749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electronics have enormous potential for applications that are not achievable in standard electronics. In particular, important technological advances have been made in terms of their performance characteristics and potential range of applications, ranging from medical care, packaging, lighting and signage, consumer electronics, and alternative energy. In this study, we develop a novel method for fabricating flexible conductive carbon nanotube (CNT) films on various substrates. The fabricated conductive CNT films exhibited satisfactory conductivity, flexibility, and durability. The conductivity of the conductive CNT film was maintained at the same level of sheet resistance after bending cycles. The fabrication process is dry, solution-free, and convenient for mass production. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that CNTs were uniformly dispersed over the substrate. The prepared conductive CNT film was applied to collect an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, which showed good performance compared to traditional electrodes. The conductive CNT film determined the long-term stability of the electrodes under bending or other mechanical stresses. The well-demonstrated fabrication process for flexible conductive CNT films has great potential in the field of bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hein Htet Aung
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Haidian, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhiying Qi
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Haidian, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yue Niu
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Haidian, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yao Guo
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Haidian, Beijing 100081, China
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3
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Banerjee SS, Mandal S, Arief I, Layek RK, Ghosh AK, Yang K, Kumar J, Formanek P, Fery A, Heinrich G, Das A. Designing Supertough and Ultrastretchable Liquid Metal-Embedded Natural Rubber Composites for Soft-Matter Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:15610-15620. [PMID: 33780228 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Functional elastomers with incredible toughness and stretchability are indispensable for applications in soft robotics and wearable electronics. Furthermore, coupled with excellent electrical and thermal properties, these materials are at the forefront of recent efforts toward widespread use in cutting-edge electronics and devices. Herein, we introduce a highly deformable eutectic-GaIn liquid metal alloy-embedded natural rubber (NR) architecture employing, for the first time, industrially viable solid-state mixing and vulcanization. Standard methods of rubber processing and vulcanization allow us to fragment and disperse liquid metals into submicron-sized droplets in cross-linked NR without compromising the elastic properties of the base matrix. In addition to substantial boosts in mechanical (strain at failure of up to ∼650%) and elastic (negligible hysteresis loss) performances, the tearing energy of the composite was enhanced up to 6 times, and a fourfold reduction in the crack growth rate was achieved over a control vulcanizate. Moreover, we demonstrate improved thermal conductivity and dielectric properties for the resulting composites. Therefore, this work provides a facile and scalable pathway to develop liquid metal-embedded soft elastomeric composites that could be instrumental toward potential applications in soft-matter engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shib Shankar Banerjee
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V, Hohe Straße 6, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Subhradeep Mandal
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V, Hohe Straße 6, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Injamamul Arief
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V, Hohe Straße 6, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Rama Kanta Layek
- Department of Separation ScienceLUT University, Mukkulankatu 19, Lahti FI-15210, Finland
| | - Anik Kumar Ghosh
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V, Hohe Straße 6, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Ke Yang
- Center for Advanced Materials, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Jayant Kumar
- Center for Advanced Materials, Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Petr Formanek
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V, Hohe Straße 6, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Andreas Fery
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V, Hohe Straße 6, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Gert Heinrich
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V, Hohe Straße 6, Dresden 01069, Germany
- Institut für Textilmaschinen und Textile Hochleistungswerkstofftechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Amit Das
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V, Hohe Straße 6, Dresden 01069, Germany
- Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, , Tampere FI-33101, Finland
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Wang Z, Sun L, Ni Y, Liu L, Xu W. Flexible Electronics and Healthcare Applications. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.625989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexible electronics has attracted tremendous attention in recent years. The essential requirements for flexible electronics include excellent electrical properties, flexibility and stretchability. By introducing special structures or using flexible materials, electronic devices can be given excellent flexibility and stretchability. In this paper we review the realization of flexible electronics from the perspective of structural design strategies and materials; then, healthcare application of flexible electronic systems was introduced. Finally, a brief summary and outlook are presented.
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Kang P, Zhang W, Michaud-Rioux V, Wang X, Yun J, Guo H. Twistronics in tensile strained bilayer black phosphorus. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:12909-12916. [PMID: 32525178 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02179b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, by performing state-of-the-art first-principles methods combined with molecular dynamic (MD) simulation, we theoretically investigate the electronic and mechanical behaviours of small-angle twisted bilayer black phosphorus (tbBP) under uniaxial tensile deformation. Twistronics, namely the regulation of electronic properties by Moiré physics, is demonstrated as the gene - the most crucial factor dominating not only electronic behaviour but also mechanical behaviour of tensile deformed tbBP. Compared to untwisted few-layer black phosphorus (utBP) with strong electronic sensitivity to geometric deformation, the existence of Moiré patterns in tbBP leads to spatial electronic localization, giving rise to the conservation of direct band gaps and stability of phonon limited carrier mobility under tensile deformation along the armchair direction. Moreover, during the fracture failure process, the nucleation of micro-cracks is preferentially detected at the transitional pattern boundary areas in tbBP, which could be attributed to the intra-layer maldistribution of mechanical strengths in Moiré superlattices. The explorations of twistronics in tensile strained bilayer black phosphorus contribute to the better understanding of such Moiré superlattice structures and provide insights for the design of new 2D van der Waals heterostructures in flexible nano-electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Kang
- Center for the Physics of Materials and Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2 T8, Canada.
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Khan Y, Thielens A, Muin S, Ting J, Baumbauer C, Arias AC. A New Frontier of Printed Electronics: Flexible Hybrid Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905279. [PMID: 31742812 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The performance and integration density of silicon integrated circuits (ICs) have progressed at an unprecedented pace in the past 60 years. While silicon ICs thrive at low-power high-performance computing, creating flexible and large-area electronics using silicon remains a challenge. On the other hand, flexible and printed electronics use intrinsically flexible materials and printing techniques to manufacture compliant and large-area electronics. Nonetheless, flexible electronics are not as efficient as silicon ICs for computation and signal communication. Flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) leverages the strengths of these two dissimilar technologies. It uses flexible and printed electronics where flexibility and scalability are required, i.e., for sensing and actuating, and silicon ICs for computation and communication purposes. Combining flexible electronics and silicon ICs yields a very powerful and versatile technology with a vast range of applications. Here, the fundamental building blocks of an FHE system, printed sensors and circuits, thinned silicon ICs, printed antennas, printed energy harvesting and storage modules, and printed displays, are discussed. Emerging application areas of FHE in wearable health, structural health, industrial, environmental, and agricultural sensing are reviewed. Overall, the recent progress, fabrication, application, and challenges, and an outlook, related to FHE are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Khan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Arno Thielens
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Sifat Muin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jonathan Ting
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Carol Baumbauer
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ana C Arias
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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7
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Peng L, Xu Z, Liu Z, Guo Y, Li P, Gao C. Ultrahigh Thermal Conductive yet Superflexible Graphene Films. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1700589. [PMID: 28498620 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201700589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrical devices generate heat at work. The heat should be transferred away immediately by a thermal manager to keep proper functions, especially for high-frequency apparatuses. Besides high thermal conductivity (K), the thermal manager material requires good foldability for the next generation flexible electronics. Unfortunately, metals have satisfactory ductility but inferior K (≤429 W m-1 K-1 ), and highly thermal-conductive nonmetallic materials are generally brittle. Therefore, fabricating a foldable macroscopic material with a prominent K is still under challenge. This study solves the problem by folding atomic thin graphene into microfolds. The debris-free giant graphene sheets endow graphene film (GF) with a high K of 1940 ± 113 W m-1 K-1 . Simultaneously, the microfolds render GF superflexible with a high fracture elongation up to 16%, enabling it more than 6000 cycles of ultimate folding. The large-area multifunctional GFs can be easily integrated into high-power flexible devices for highly efficient thermal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yan Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Chao Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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Mameli A, Kuang Y, Aghaee M, Ande CK, Karasulu B, Creatore M, Mackus AJM, Kessels WMM, Roozeboom F. Area-Selective Atomic Layer Deposition of In 2O 3:H Using a μ-Plasma Printer for Local Area Activation. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017; 29:921-925. [PMID: 28405058 PMCID: PMC5384477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b04469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Mameli
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Yinghuan Kuang
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Morteza Aghaee
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Chaitanya K. Ande
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bora Karasulu
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mariadriana Creatore
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan J. M. Mackus
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wilhelmus M. M. Kessels
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Fred Roozeboom
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department
Thin Film Technology, TNO, High Tech Campus 21, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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9
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Sangeetha NM, Gauvin M, Decorde N, Delpech F, Fazzini PF, Viallet B, Viau G, Grisolia J, Ressier L. A transparent flexible z-axis sensitive multi-touch panel based on colloidal ITO nanocrystals. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:12631-12640. [PMID: 26150112 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02043c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bottom-up fabrication of a flexible multi-touch panel prototype based on transparent colloidal indium tin oxide (ITO) nanocrystal (NC) films is presented. A series of 7% Sn(4+) doped ITO NCs protected by oleate, octanoate and butanoate ligands are synthesized and characterized by a battery of techniques including, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, (1)H, (13)C and (119)Sn nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and the related diffusion ordered spectroscopy. Electrical resistivities of transparent films of these NCs assembled on flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrates by convective self-assembly from their suspension in toluene decrease with the ligand length, from 220 × 10(3) for oleate ITO to 13 × 10(3)Ω cm for butanoate ITO NC films. A highly transparent, flexible touch panel based on a matrix of strain gauges derived from the least resistive film of 17 nm butanoate ITO NCs sensitively detects the lateral position (x, y) of the touch as well as its intensity over the z-axis. Being compatible with a stylus or bare/gloved finger, a larger version of this module may be readily implemented in upcoming flexible screens, enabling navigation capabilities over all three axes, a feature highly desired by the display industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Sangeetha
- Université de Toulouse, LPCNO, INSA-CNRS-UPS, 135 avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse 31077, France.
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Vinod TP, Jelinek R. Nonplanar conductive surfaces via "bottom-up" nanostructured gold coating. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:3341-3346. [PMID: 24548243 DOI: 10.1021/am4053656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Development of technologies for the construction of bent, curved, and flexible conductive surfaces is among the most important albeit challenging goals in the promising field of "flexible electronics". We present a generic solution-based "bottom-up" approach for assembling conductive gold nanostructured layers on nonplanar polymer surfaces. The simple two-step experimental scheme is based upon incubation of an amine-displaying polymer [the abundantly used poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), selected here as a proof of concept] with Au(SCN)4(-), followed by a brief treatment with a conductive polymer [poly(3,4-thylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate)] solution. Importantly, no reducing agent is co-added to the gold complex solution. The resultant surfaces are conductive and exhibit a unique "nanoribbon" gold morphology. The scheme yields conductive layers upon PDMS in varied configurations: planar, "wrinkled", and mechanically bent surfaces. The technology is simple, inexpensive, and easy to implement for varied polymer surfaces (and other substances), opening the way for practical applications in flexible electronics and related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Vinod
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology and Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva 8410, Israel
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