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Spann JE, Kallas T, Copperwheat KH, Connolly MM. "It just wasn't right down there": Surgical treatment of small bowel evisceration after hysterectomy with indocyanine green angiography, a case report. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2023; 12:2050313X231222211. [PMID: 38162424 PMCID: PMC10757431 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x231222211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This is a case of a 70-year-old female with small bowel evisceration through vaginal cuff dehiscence 14 months after hysterectomy. She presented with a loop of ileum herniated through the vagina. The bowel was irreducible and she was taken to the operating room for exploratory laparotomy, reduction of herniated bowel contents, and repair of vaginal cuff. During surgery, the eviscerated bowel had questionable viability and indocyanine green angiography was used to assess perfusion. After the repair of the vaginal cuff, indocyanine green angiography was performed and the bowel was saved from resection. In the discussion, light is shed upon the rarity of vaginal cuff dehiscence and the few cases of small bowel evisceration after a dehiscence. Possible causes of the evisceration, updates to technique, and recommendations for management are also discussed. The ultimate recommendation is for use of indocyanine green angiography in assessment of intestinal viability during surgical exploration for small bowel evisceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Spann
- Department of Surgery, Ascension Saint Joseph Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thurston Kallas
- Department of Surgery, Ascension Saint Joseph Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Mark M Connolly
- Department of Surgery, Ascension Saint Joseph Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
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2
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Son GM, Nazir AM, Yun MS, Lee IY, Im SB, Kwak JY, Park SH, Baek KR, Gockel I. The Safe Values of Quantitative Perfusion Parameters of ICG Angiography Based on Tissue Oxygenation of Hyperspectral Imaging for Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2029. [PMID: 37509667 PMCID: PMC10377371 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safe values for quantitative perfusion parameters of indocyanine green (ICG) angiography have not been fully defined, and interpretation remains at the surgeon's discretion. This prospective observational study aimed to establish the safe values for the quantitative perfusion parameters by comparing tissue oxygenation levels from HSI images in laparoscopic colorectal surgery. METHODS ICG angiography was performed using a laparoscopic near-infrared (NIR) camera system with ICG diluted in 10 mL of distilled water. For quantitative perfusion parameters, the changes in fluorescence intensity with perfusion times were analyzed to plot a time-fluorescence intensity graph. To assess real-time tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) in the colon, the TIVITA® Tissue System was utilized for hyperspectral imaging (HSI) acquisition. The StO2 levels were compared with the quantitative perfusion parameters derived from ICG angiography at corresponding points to define the safe range of ICG parameters reflecting good tissue oxygenation. RESULTS In the regression analysis, T1/2MAX, TMAX, slope, and NIR perfusion index were correlated with tissue oxygen saturation. Using this regression model, the cutoff values of quantitative perfusion parameters were calculated as T1/2MAX ≤ 10 s, TMAX ≤ 30 s, slope ≥ 5, and NIR perfusion index ≥50, which best reflected colon StO2 higher than 60%. Diagnostic values were analyzed to predict colon StO2 of 60% or more, and the ICG perfusion parameters T1/2MAX, TMAX, and perfusion TR showed high sensitivity values of 97% or more, indicating their ability to correctly identify cases with acceptable StO2. CONCLUSION The safe values for quantitative perfusion parameters derived from ICG angiography were T1/2MAX ≤ 10 s and TMAX ≤ 30 s, which were associated with colon tissue oxygenation levels higher than 60% in the laparoscopic colorectal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyung Mo Son
- Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (M.S.Y.); (I.Y.L.)
| | - Armaan M. Nazir
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Mi Sook Yun
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (M.S.Y.); (I.Y.L.)
| | - In Young Lee
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (M.S.Y.); (I.Y.L.)
| | - Sun Bin Im
- Department of Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae Yeong Kwak
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.K.); (S.-H.P.); (K.-R.B.)
| | - Sang-Ho Park
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.K.); (S.-H.P.); (K.-R.B.)
| | - Kwang-Ryul Baek
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.K.); (S.-H.P.); (K.-R.B.)
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
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3
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Castagneto-Gissey L, Iodice A, Urciuoli P, Pontone S, Salvati B, Casella G. Novel Modality of Endoluminal Anastomotic Integrity Assessment with Fluoroangiography After Left-sided Colorectal Resections. World J Surg 2023; 47:1303-1309. [PMID: 36694037 PMCID: PMC10070229 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-023-06915-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several methods have been described for the intraoperative evaluation of colorectal anastomotic integrity. Technological evolution has allowed to progress from basic mechanical methods to the use of more sophisticated techniques. This study describes a novel endoluminal modality of colorectal anastomotic assessment through the use of a Disposable Rigid Scope Introducer (DRSI) also allowing for intraoperative endoluminal perfusion evaluation by indocyanine green (ICG) fluoroangiography in patients undergoing left-sided colorectal resection. METHODS The DRSI consists of an endoluminal introducer device made up of an insertion tube and port connected to an insufflation bulb to manually insufflate the sigmoid and rectum and is compatible with any laparoscopic camera, also allowing for ICG fluoroangiography for perfusion purposes. RESULTS The DRSI was successfully used to assess anastomotic integrity after left-sided colorectal resections performed in 16 consecutive patients. The DRSI allowed to visualize by fluoroangiography the quality of tissue perfusion at the anastomotic site in all cases, contributing to the decision of avoiding loop ileostomies in low rectal resections. In 2 cases, the DRSI showed the presence of significant anastomotic bleeding which was successfully controlled by laparoscopic suture placement. No adverse event resulted from the use of this device. CONCLUSIONS The DRSI combines direct endoluminal visualization of the anastomosis together with real-time evaluation of its blood flow. This device holds great potential for prompt intraoperative detection of anastomotic alterations, possibly reducing the risk of postoperative anastomotic bleeding or leaks related to mechanical construction/perfusion issues. Potential advantages of this device warrant larger cohort studies and prospective randomized trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Castagneto-Gissey
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Iodice
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Urciuoli
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Pontone
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Salvati
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Casella
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Hou J, Ness SS, Tschudi J, O’Farrell M, Veddegjerde R, Martinsen ØG, Tønnessen TI, Strand-Amundsen R. Assessment of Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Using Diffuse Reflectance VIS-NIR Spectroscopy and Histology. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9111. [PMID: 36501812 PMCID: PMC9738753 DOI: 10.3390/s22239111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A porcine model was used to investigate the feasibility of using VIS-NIR spectroscopy to differentiate between degrees of ischemia-reperfusion injury in the small intestine. Ten pigs were used in this study and four segments were created in the small intestine of each pig: (1) control, (2) full arterial and venous mesenteric occlusion for 8 h, (3) arterial and venous mesenteric occlusion for 2 h followed by reperfusion for 6 h, and (4) arterial and venous mesenteric occlusion for 4 h followed by reperfusion for 4 h. Two models were built using partial least square discriminant analysis. The first model was able to differentiate between the control, ischemic, and reperfused intestinal segments with an average accuracy of 99.2% with 10-fold cross-validation, and the second model was able to discriminate between the viable versus non-viable intestinal segments with an average accuracy of 96.0% using 10-fold cross-validation. Moreover, histopathology was used to investigate the borderline between viable and non-viable intestinal segments. The VIS-NIR spectroscopy method together with a PLS-DA model showed promising results and appears to be well-suited as a potentially real-time intraoperative method for assessing intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, due to its easy-to-use and non-invasive nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hou
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 24, 0371 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Engineering, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Siri Schøne Ness
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Ullernchausseen 70, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon Tschudi
- SINTEF AS, Smart Sensors and Microsystems, Forskningsveien 1, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marion O’Farrell
- SINTEF AS, Smart Sensors and Microsystems, Forskningsveien 1, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ørjan Grøttem Martinsen
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 24, 0371 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Engineering, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor Inge Tønnessen
- Department of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Runar Strand-Amundsen
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Engineering, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Sensocure AS, Langmyra 11, 3185 Skoppum, Norway
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5
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Joosten JJ, Longchamp G, Khan MF, Lameris W, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Bemelman WA, Cahill RA, Hompes R, Ris F. The use of fluorescence angiography to assess bowel viability in the acute setting: an international, multi-centre case series. Surg Endosc 2022; 36:7369-7375. [PMID: 35199204 PMCID: PMC9485089 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-022-09136-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Assessing bowel viability can be challenging during acute surgical procedures, especially regarding mesenteric ischaemia. Intraoperative fluorescence angiography (FA) may be a valuable tool for the surgeon to determine whether bowel resection is necessary and to define the most appropriate resection margins. The aim of this study is to report on FA use in the acute setting and to judge its impact on intraoperative decision making. Materials and methods This is a multi-centre, retrospective case series of patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery between February 2016 and 2021 in three general/colorectal units where intraoperative FA was performed to assess bowel viability. Primary endpoint was change of management after the FA assessment. Results A total of 93 patients (50 males, 66.6 ± 19.2 years, ASA score ≥ III in 85%) were identified and studied. Initial surgical approach was laparotomy in 66 (71%) patients and laparoscopy in 27 (29% and seven, 26% conversions). The most common aetiologies were mesenteric ischaemia (n = 42, 45%) and adhesional/herniae-related strangulation (n = 41, 44%). In 50 patients a bowel resection was performed. Overall rates of anastomosis after resection, reoperation and 30-day mortality were 48% (n = 24/50, one leak), 12% and 18%, respectively. FA changed management in 27 (29%) patients. In four patients (4% overall), resection was avoided and in 21 (23%) extra bowel length was preserved (median 50 cm of bowel saved, IQR 28–98) although three patients developed further ischaemia. FA prompted extended resection (median of 20 cm, IQR 10–50 extra bowel) in six (6%) patients. Conclusion Intraoperative use of FA impacts surgical decisions regarding bowel resection for intestinal ischaemia, potentially enabling bowel preservation in approximately one out of four patients. Prospective studies are needed to optimize the best use of this technology for this indication and to determine standards for the interpretation of FA images and the potential subsequent need for second-look surgeries. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00464-022-09136-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna J Joosten
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Grégoire Longchamp
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad F Khan
- Department of Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University, Hospital, 47 Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Wytze Lameris
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark I van Berge Henegouwen
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wilhelmus A Bemelman
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ronan A Cahill
- Department of Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University, Hospital, 47 Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland.,UCD Centre for Precision Surgery, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roel Hompes
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Frédéric Ris
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
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6
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Clancy NT, Soares AS, Bano S, Lovat LB, Chand M, Stoyanov D. Intraoperative colon perfusion assessment using multispectral imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:7556-7567. [PMID: 35003852 PMCID: PMC8713665 DOI: 10.1364/boe.435118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In colorectal surgery an anastomosis performed using poorly-perfused, ischaemic bowel segments may result in a leak and consequent morbidity. Traditional measures of perfusion assessment rely on clinical judgement and are mainly subjective, based on tissue appearance, leading to variability between clinicians. This paper describes a multispectral imaging (MSI) laparoscope that can derive quantitative measures of tissue oxygen saturation (SO2 ). The system uses a xenon surgical light source and fast filter wheel camera to capture eight narrow waveband images across the visible range in approximately 0.3 s. Spectral validation measurements were performed by imaging standardised colour tiles and comparing reflectance with ground truth spectrometer data. Tissue spectra were decomposed into individual contributions from haemoglobin, adipose tissue and scattering, using a previously-developed regression approach. Initial clinical results from seven patients undergoing colorectal surgery are presented and used to characterise measurement stability and reproducibility in vivo. Strategies to improve signal-to-noise ratio and correct for motion are described. Images of healthy bowel tissue (in vivo) indicate that baseline SO2 is approximately 75 ± 6%. The SO2 profile along a bowel segment following ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) shows a decrease from the proximal to distal end. In the clinical cases shown, imaging results concurred with clinical judgements of the location of well-perfused tissue. Adipose tissue, visibly yellow in the RGB images, is shown to surround the mesentery and cover some of the serosa. SO2 in this tissue is consistently high, with mean value of 90%. These results show that MSI is a potential intraoperative guidance tool for assessment of perfusion. Mapping of SO2 in the colon could be used by surgeons to guide choice of transection points and ensure that well-perfused tissue is used to form an anastomosis. The observation of high mesenteric SO2 agrees with work in the literature and warrants further exploration. Larger studies incorporating with a wider cohort of clinicians will help to provide retrospective evidence of how this imaging technique may be able to reduce inter-operator variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil T. Clancy
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, UK
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, UK
| | - António S. Soares
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, UK
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, UK
| | - Sophia Bano
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, UK
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, UK
| | - Laurence B. Lovat
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, UK
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, UK
| | - Manish Chand
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, UK
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, UK
| | - Danail Stoyanov
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, UK
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, UK
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7
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Seeliger B, Agnus V, Mascagni P, Barberio M, Longo F, Lapergola A, Mutter D, Klymchenko AS, Chand M, Marescaux J, Diana M. Simultaneous computer-assisted assessment of mucosal and serosal perfusion in a model of segmental colonic ischemia. Surg Endosc 2020; 34:4818-4827. [PMID: 31741157 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-019-07258-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluorescence-based enhanced reality (FLER) enables the quantification of fluorescence signal dynamics, which can be superimposed onto real-time laparoscopic images by using a virtual perfusion cartogram. The current practice of perfusion assessment relies on visualizing the bowel serosa. The aim of this experimental study was to quantify potential differences in mucosal and serosal perfusion levels in an ischemic colon segment. METHODS An ischemic colon segment was created in 12 pigs. Simultaneous quantitative mucosal and serosal fluorescence imaging was obtained via intravenous indocyanine green injection (0.2 mg/kg), using two near-infrared camera systems, and computer-assisted FLER analysis. Lactate levels were measured in capillary blood of the colonic wall at seven regions of interest (ROIs) as determined with FLER perfusion cartography: the ischemic zone (I), the proximal and distal vascularized areas (PV, DV), and the 50% perfusion threshold proximally and distally at the mucosal and serosal side (P50M, P50S, D50M, D50S). RESULTS The mean ischemic zone as measured (mm) for the mucosal side was significantly larger than the serosal one (56.3 ± 21.3 vs. 40.8 ± 14.9, p = 0.001) with significantly lower lactate values at the mucosal ROIs. There was a significant weak inverse correlation between lactate and slope values for the defined ROIs (r = - 0.2452, p = 0.0246). CONCLUSIONS Mucosal ischemic zones were larger than serosal zones. These results suggest that an assessment of bowel perfusion from the serosal side only can underestimate the extent of ischemia. Further studies are required to predict the optimal resection margin and anastomotic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Seeliger
- IHU-Strasbourg Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, Strasbourg, France
- Institute for Research Against Cancer of the Digestive System (IRCAD), Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Agnus
- IHU-Strasbourg Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pietro Mascagni
- IHU-Strasbourg Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, Strasbourg, France
| | - Manuel Barberio
- IHU-Strasbourg Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabio Longo
- IHU-Strasbourg Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alfonso Lapergola
- IHU-Strasbourg Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, Strasbourg, France
| | - Didier Mutter
- IHU-Strasbourg Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, Strasbourg, France
- Institute for Research Against Cancer of the Digestive System (IRCAD), Strasbourg, France
- Department of General, Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67091, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nanochemistry and Bioimaging Laboratory, UMR 7021, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Manish Chand
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jacques Marescaux
- IHU-Strasbourg Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, Strasbourg, France
- Institute for Research Against Cancer of the Digestive System (IRCAD), Strasbourg, France
| | - Michele Diana
- IHU-Strasbourg Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, Strasbourg, France.
- Institute for Research Against Cancer of the Digestive System (IRCAD), Strasbourg, France.
- Department of General, Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67091, Strasbourg Cedex, France.
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8
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Aly M, O'Brien JW, Clark F, Kapur S, Stearns AT, Shaikh I. Does intra-operative flexible endoscopy reduce anastomotic complications following left-sided colonic resections? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Colorectal Dis 2019; 21:1354-1363. [PMID: 31243879 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Postoperative anastomotic leakage (AL) or bleeding (AB) significantly impacts on patient outcome following colorectal resection. To minimize such complications, surgeons can utilize different techniques perioperatively to assess anastomotic integrity. We aim to assess published anastomotic complication rates following left-sided colonic resection, comparing the use of intra-operative flexible endoscopy (FE) against conventional tests used to assess anastomotic integrity. METHODS PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase online databases were searched for non-randomized and randomized case-control studies that investigated postoperative AL and/or AB rates in left-sided colonic resections, comparing intra-operative FE against conventional tests. Data from eligible studies were pooled, and a meta-analysis using Review Manager 5.3 software was performed to assess for differences in AL and AB rates. RESULTS Data from six studies were analysed to assess the impact of FE on postoperative AL and AB rates (1084 and 751 patients respectively). Use of FE was associated with reduced postoperative AL and AB rates, from 6.9% to 3.5% and 5.8% to 2.4% respectively. Odds ratios favoured intra-operative FE: 0.37 (95% CI 0.21-0.68, P = 0.001) for AL and 0.35 (95% CI 0.15-0.82, P = 0.02) for AB. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis showed that the use of intra-operative FE is associated with a reduced rate of postoperative AL and AB, compared to conventional anastomotic testing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aly
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK.,Norwich Surgical Training and Research Academy, Level 3 Centre, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - J W O'Brien
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK.,Norwich Surgical Training and Research Academy, Level 3 Centre, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - F Clark
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK.,Norwich Surgical Training and Research Academy, Level 3 Centre, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - S Kapur
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK.,Norwich Surgical Training and Research Academy, Level 3 Centre, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - A T Stearns
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK.,Norwich Surgical Training and Research Academy, Level 3 Centre, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - I Shaikh
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK.,Norwich Surgical Training and Research Academy, Level 3 Centre, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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9
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Yu WQ, Zhang SY, Fu SQ, Fu QH, Lu WN, Zhang J, Liang ZY, Zhang Y, Liang TB. Dexamethasone protects the glycocalyx on the kidney microvascular endothelium during severe acute pancreatitis. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2019; 20:355-362. [PMID: 30932380 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1900006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study demonstrated that dexamethasone (DEX) protects the endothelial glycocalyx from damage induced by the inflammatory stimulus tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) during severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), and improves the renal microcirculation. METHODS Ninety mice were evenly divided into 3 groups (Sham, SAP, and SAP+DEX). The SAP mice model was established by ligature of pancreatic duct and intraperitoneal injection of cerulein. Renal perfusion and function, and morphological changes of the glycocalyx were evaluated by laser Doppler velocimetry, electron microscopy, and histopathology (hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining), respectively. Serum levels of syndecan-1 and TNF-α were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The protective effects of dexamethasone on the glycocalyx and renal microcirculation were evaluated. RESULTS Significantly high levels of serum TNF-α were detected 3 h after the onset of SAP. These levels might induce degradation of the glycocalyx and kidney hypoperfusion, resulting in kidney microcirculation dysfunction. The application of dexamethasone reduced the degradation of the glycocalyx and improved perfusion of kidney. CONCLUSIONS Dexamethasone protects the endothelial glycocalyx from inflammatory degradation possibly initiated by TNF-α during SAP. This is might be a significant discovery that helps to prevent tissue edema and hypoperfusion in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qiao Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Shao-Yang Zhang
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Shui-Qiao Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Qing-Hui Fu
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Wei-Na Lu
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Zhong-Yan Liang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Ting-Bo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310021, China
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Felder S, Lee JT. Techniques for Colorectal Anastomotic Construction Following Proctectomy and Variables Influencing Anastomotic Leak. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11888-019-00425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Karampinis I, Keese M, Jakob J, Stasiunaitis V, Gerken A, Attenberger U, Post S, Kienle P, Nowak K. Indocyanine Green Tissue Angiography Can Reduce Extended Bowel Resections in Acute Mesenteric Ischemia. J Gastrointest Surg 2018; 22:2117-2124. [PMID: 29992520 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-018-3855-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Surgical exploration and bowel resection are frequently required for treating non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia. Intraoperative evaluation of intestinal perfusion is subjective and challenging. In this feasibility study, ICG fluorescence angiography was performed in order to evaluate intestinal perfusion in patients with acute mesenteric ischemia. METHODS This is a retrospective analysis of 52 patients who were operated for acute mesenteric ischemia using ICG fluorescence angiography. Patients with occlusive disease requiring recanalization were excluded. The SPY and PinPoint imaging systems were used for open and laparoscopic surgery, respectively. Intraoperative macroscopic assessment of perfusion was compared with the ICG angiography results. RESULTS Surgical exploration was performed for ischemia of the colon (n = 12), the small bowel (n = 23), or both (n = 16). One patient had ischemia of the esophagus and stomach. All patients had a preoperative CT angiography to rule out stenosis or occlusion of the mesenteric vessels. In 18 cases (34.6%), ICG fluorescence angiography provided information that was supplemental to macroscopic evaluation, but most patients did not survive the postoperative course. However, in six of those cases (11.5%), ICG angiography led to a major change in operative strategy resulting in a significant clinical benefit for those patients. For two cases, ICG fluorescence produced false negative results. DISCUSSION ICG tissue angiography is feasible and technically reliable for evaluating intestinal perfusion in acute mesenteric ischemia and led to a significant clinical benefit in 11% of our patients. A relevant discrepancy between surgical visual assessment and fluorescence angiography was found in 35% of the cases, which may help to define resection margins more accurately and thus support surgical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Karampinis
- Department of Surgery, Mannheim University Medical Centre, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Michael Keese
- Mannheim University Medical Centre, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jens Jakob
- Department of Surgery, Mannheim University Medical Centre, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vytautas Stasiunaitis
- Department of Surgery, Mannheim University Medical Centre, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Gerken
- Department of Surgery, Mannheim University Medical Centre, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ulrike Attenberger
- Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Mannheim University Medical Centre, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Post
- Department of Surgery, Mannheim University Medical Centre, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Kienle
- Department of Surgery, Mannheim University Medical Centre, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kai Nowak
- Department of Surgery, Mannheim University Medical Centre, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
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12
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de Bruin AFJ, Tavy ALM, van der Sloot K, Smits A, Ince C, Boerma EC, Noordzij PG, Boerma D, van Iterson M. Can sidestream dark field (SDF) imaging identify subtle microvascular changes of the bowel during colorectal surgery? Tech Coloproctol 2018; 22:793-800. [PMID: 30413998 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-018-1872-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recognition of a non-viable bowel during colorectal surgery is a challenging task for surgeons. Identifying the turning point in serosal microcirculatory deterioration leading up to a non-viable bowel is crucial. The aim of the present study was to determine whether sidestream darkfield (SDF) imaging can detect subtle changes in serosal microcirculation of the sigmoid after vascular transection during colorectal surgery. METHODS A prospective observational clinical study was performed at a single medical centre. All eligible participants underwent laparoscopic sigmoid resection and measurements were taken during the extra-abdominal phase. Microcirculation was measured at the transected bowel and 20 cm proximal to this point. Microcirculatory parameters such as Microvascular Flow Index (MFI), proportion of perfused vessels (PPV), perfused vessel density (PVD), total vessel density (TVD) and the Heterogeneity Index were determined. Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or mean ± standard deviation. RESULTS A total of 60 SDF images were acquired for 10 patients. Perfusion parameters and perfused vessel density were significantly lower at the transected bowel compared with the non-transected measurements [MFI 2.29 (1.96-2.63) vs 2.96 (2.73-3.00), p = 0.007; PPV 74% (55-83) vs 94% (86-97), p = 0.007; and PVD 7.61 ± 2.99 mm/mm2 versus 10.67 ± 1.48 mm/mm2, p = 0.009]. Total vessel density was similar between the measurement locations. CONCLUSIONS SDF imaging can identify changes of the bowel serosal microcirculation. Significantly lower serosal microcirculatory parameters of the vascular transected bowel was seen compared with the non-transected bowel. The ability of SDF imaging to detect subtle differences holds promise for future research on microvascular cut-off values leading to a non-viable bowel.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F J de Bruin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, St Antonius Hospital, Postbus 2500, 3430 EM, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
| | - A L M Tavy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, St Antonius Hospital, Postbus 2500, 3430 EM, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - K van der Sloot
- Department of Anesthesiologie and Pain Medicine, Haaglanden Medisch Centrum, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - A Smits
- Department of Surgery, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - C Ince
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E C Boerma
- Department of Intensive Care, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - P G Noordzij
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, St Antonius Hospital, Postbus 2500, 3430 EM, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - D Boerma
- Department of Surgery, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - M van Iterson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, St Antonius Hospital, Postbus 2500, 3430 EM, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
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Daskalaki D, Aguilera F, Patton K, Giulianotti PC. Fluorescence in robotic surgery. J Surg Oncol 2015; 112:250-6. [PMID: 25974861 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there are several clinical applications for intraoperative ICG, such as identification of vascular and biliary anatomy, assessment of organ and tissue perfusion, lymph node mapping, and real-time identification of lesions. In this paper we present a review of the available literature related to the use of ICG fluorescence in robotic surgery in order to provide a better understanding of the current applications, show the rapid growth of this technique, and demonstrate the potential future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Daskalaki
- Department of Surgery, Division of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Fabiola Aguilera
- Department of Surgery, Division of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kristin Patton
- Department of Surgery, Division of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Pier Cristoforo Giulianotti
- Department of Surgery, Division of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois
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14
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The Hydrocortisone Protection of Glycocalyx on the Intestinal Capillary Endothelium During Severe Acute Pancreatitis. Shock 2015; 43:512-7. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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15
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Intraoperative assessment of colorectal anastomotic integrity: a systematic review. Surg Endosc 2014; 28:2513-30. [PMID: 24718665 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-014-3520-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgeons have attempted to minimize postoperative anastomotic complications by employing intraoperative tests and manoeuvres to assess colorectal anastomotic integrity. These have evolved over time with improvement in operative technology and techniques. This systematic review aims to examine the impact of such intraoperative assessments. METHODS A systematic review of studies assessing intraoperative anastomotic assessments and their impact on postoperative anastomotic complications was performed. Intraoperative measures undertaken as a result of intraoperative assessments and postoperative anastomotic complications were analysed. RESULTS 37 Studies were identified. 13 studies evaluated basic mechanical patency tests, ten studies evaluated endoscopic visualisation techniques and 14 studies evaluated microperfusion techniques. Postoperative anastomotic complications were significantly lower in patients tested with basic mechanical patency tests compared to those untested (non-RCT: 4.1 vs. 8.1 %, p = 0.03, RCTs: 5.8 vs. 16.0 %, p = 0.024). There were no differences in postoperative anastomotic complications between tested and non-tested cohorts in non-randomised cohort studies evaluating endoscopic visualisation techniques. However, intraoperative measures taken after abnormal intraoperative tests may have reduced the number of postoperative complications. Perfusion analysis techniques are not in routine widespread clinical practice as yet, but newer techniques such as fluorescent dyes and imaging under near infrared light show technical feasibility. CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative colorectal anastomotic assessment has evolved together with advancement of technology in the surgical setting. Moderate benefit in terms of lower postoperative anastomotic complications has been shown with basic mechanical patency testing and more recently with intraoperative endoscopic visualisation of colorectal anastomoses. The next advance and possible introduction into routine practice may include the use of microperfusion techniques. The latest in this group of techniques, which utilise autofluorescent dyes such as Indocyanine green, hold great potential. Well-planned controlled studies or ideally, randomised controlled trials need to be conducted to further assess the benefit of these latest techniques.
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Tsujinaka S, Kawamura YJ, Tan KY, Mizokami K, Sasaki J, Maeda T, Kuwahara Y, Konishi F, Lefor A. Proximal bowel necrosis after high ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery in colorectal surgery. Scand J Surg 2012; 101:21-5. [PMID: 22414464 DOI: 10.1177/145749691210100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS High ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery may jeopardize blood supply to the proximal bowel. We undertook this study to review the clinical features and outcomes of patients who developed proximal bowel necrosis after high ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery, and to assess the incidence and the risk factors for this complication. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing high or low ligation for sigmoid colon and rectal cancer with a primary anastomosis between April 2004 and March 2009 was performed. Patient and tumor characteristics and the incidence of bowel necrosis were reviewed. RESULTS Four hundred and nine patients were included to the analysis. Six out of 302 patients (2.0%) with high ligation developed proximal bowel necrosis, while the remaining 107 patients with low ligation did not suffer from this complication. All patients who developed proximal bowel necrosis underwent secondary surgery with resection of necrotic bowel. The pathological examination of the resected specimen revealed mucosal to transmural ischemic necrosis without the evidence of vascular thrombosis or embolic occlusion. Univariate analysis revealed that advanced age, cerebrovascular disease, and hypertension were significantly associated with proximal bowel necrosis. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that cerebrovascular disease was an independent predictor of this complication. Of these six patients, two died from associated complications. CONCLUSIONS Proximal bowel necrosis after high ligation is potentially fatal, and this report provides a warning in clinical settings where high ligation is indicated. Further studies are warranted to evaluate its distinct relationship with high ligation and to clarify whether low ligation would be a safeguard.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tsujinaka
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan.
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Harrison DK. Clinical applications of tissue oxygen saturation measurements. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 737:191-6. [PMID: 22259101 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-1566-4_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David K Harrison
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
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Urbanavičius L, Pattyn P, de Putte DV, Venskutonis D. How to assess intestinal viability during surgery: A review of techniques. World J Gastrointest Surg 2011; 3:59-69. [PMID: 21666808 PMCID: PMC3110878 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v3.i5.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective and quantitative intraoperative methods of bowel viability assessment are essential in gastrointestinal surgery. Exact determination of the borderline of the viable bowel with the help of an objective test could result in a decrease of postoperative ischemic complications. An accurate, reproducible and cost effective method is desirable in every operating theater dealing with abdominal operations. Numerous techniques assessing various parameters of intestinal viability are described by the studies. However, there is no consensus about their clinical use. To evaluate the available methods, a systematic search of the English literature was performed. Virtues and drawbacks of the techniques and possibilities of clinical application are reviewed. Valuable parameters related to postoperative intestinal anastomotic or stoma complications are analyzed. Important issues in the measurement and interpretation of bowel viability are discussed. To date, only a few methods are applicable in surgical practice. Further studies are needed to determine the limiting values of intestinal tissue oxygenation and flow indicative of ischemic complications and to standardize the methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linas Urbanavičius
- Linas Urbanavičius, Donatas Venskutonis, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Department of General Surgery, Josvainiu str. 2; Kaunas, LT-47144, Lithuania
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Pham TH, Perry KA, Enestvedt CK, Gareau D, Dolan JP, Sheppard BC, Jacques SL, Hunter JG. Decreased conduit perfusion measured by spectroscopy is associated with anastomotic complications. Ann Thorac Surg 2011; 91:380-5. [PMID: 21256274 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric conduit ischemia during esophagectomy likely contributes to high anastomotic complication rates, yet we lack a reliable method to assess gastric conduit perfusion. We hypothesize that optical fiber spectroscopy (OFS) can reliably assess conduit perfusion and that the degree of intraoperative gastric ischemia is associated with subsequent anastomotic complications. METHODS During esophagectomy, OFS was used to measure oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) and blood volume fraction (BVF) in the distal gastric conduit at baseline and after gastric devascularization, conduit formation, and transposition. The SaO(2) and BVF readings were correlated to clinical outcomes. RESULTS The OFS measurements were obtained in 23 patients during esophagectomy, four of whom previously underwent gastric ischemic conditioning. Eight patients developed anastomotic complications. Compared with baseline, conduit creation produced a 29.4% reduction in SaO(2) (p < 0.01), while BVF increased by 28% (p = 0.06). Patients with subsequent anastomotic complications demonstrated a 52.5% decrease in SaO(2) upon conduit creation compared with 15.1% in patients without complications (p = 0.01). Patients who underwent ischemic conditioning did not develop significant changes in SaO(2) (p = 0.72) or BVF (p = 0.5) upon gastric conduit creation. CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative OFS demonstrates significant alterations in gastric conduit oxygenation during esophageal replacement, which may be tempered by gastric ischemic conditioning. The degree of intraoperative gastric ischemia resulting from gastric conduit creation is associated with the development of anastomotic complications, suggesting that OFS is useful for assessing changes in conduit oxygenation during esophagectomy. Further studies are needed to refine this technology and investigate the clinical utility of intraoperative conduit oxygenation data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thai H Pham
- Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Medical Center North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Gianotti L, Nespoli L, Rocchetti S, Vignali A, Nespoli A, Braga M. Gut oxygenation and oxidative damage during and after laparoscopic and open left-sided colon resection: a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Surg Endosc 2010; 25:1835-43. [PMID: 21136109 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-010-1475-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumoperitoneum (PP), established for laparoscopic (LPS) operation, has been associated with potential detrimental effects, such as mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion injury. The objective of the trial was to measure intestinal tissue oxygen pressure (PtiO2) and oxidative damage during laparoscopic (LPS) and open colon surgery and during the postoperative course. METHODS Forty patients candidate to left-sided colectomy were randomized to undergo open or LPS resection (20 patients/group). During the operation, PtiO2 was measured at established changes of PP pressure (from 0-15 mmHg) and for 6 days postoperatively. PtiO2 was determined by a polarographic microprobe implanted in the colon wall. Ischemia-reperfusion injury was assessed by plasma malondialdehyde (MDA). ClinicalTrial.gov registration number: NCT01040013. RESULTS LPS was associated with a higher PtiO2 at the beginning of surgery (73.9±9.4 vs. 64.3±6.4 in open; P=0.04) and at the end of the operation (57.7±7.9 vs. 53.1±4.7 in open; P=0.03). PtiO2 decreased significantly during mesentery traction vs. beginning in both groups (respectively 58.7±13.2 vs. 73.9±9.4 in LPS and 55.3±6.4 vs. 64.3±6.4 in open group; minimum P=0.02). During LPS, there was a significant decrease of PtiO2 only when PP was increased to 15 mmHg (63.2±7.5 vs. 76.6±10.7 at 10 mmHg; P=0.03). PtiO2 also was significantly better in the LPS group during the first 3 days after operation (minimum P=0.04 vs. open). MDA significantly increased in both groups after mesentery traction and at the end of operation vs. baseline levels with no difference between techniques. CONCLUSIONS LPS seems to be associated with a better intra- and postoperative PtiO2. High-pressure PP may impair PtiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Gianotti
- Department of Surgery, San Gerardo Hospital (4° piano B), Milano-Bicocca University, Via Pergolesi 33, 20052, Monza, Italy.
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