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Huang P, Zhang X, Cheng Z, Wang X, Miao Y, Huang G, Fu YF, Feng X. The nuclear pore Y-complex functions as a platform for transcriptional regulation of FLOWERING LOCUS C in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:346-366. [PMID: 37877462 PMCID: PMC10827314 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) has multiple functions beyond the nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of large molecules. Subnuclear compartmentalization of chromatin is critical for gene expression in animals and yeast. However, the mechanism by which the NPC regulates gene expression is poorly understood in plants. Here we report that the Y-complex (Nup107-160 complex, a subcomplex of the NPC) self-maintains its nucleoporin homeostasis and modulates FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) transcription via changing histone modifications at this locus. We show that Y-complex nucleoporins are intimately associated with FLC chromatin through their interactions with histone H2A at the nuclear membrane. Fluorescence in situ hybridization assays revealed that Nup96, a Y-complex nucleoporin, enhances FLC positioning at the nuclear periphery. Nup96 interacted with HISTONE DEACETYLASE 6 (HDA6), a key repressor of FLC expression via histone modification, at the nuclear membrane to attenuate HDA6-catalyzed deposition at the FLC locus and change histone modifications. Moreover, we demonstrate that Y-complex nucleoporins interact with RNA polymerase II to increase its occupancy at the FLC locus, facilitating transcription. Collectively, our findings identify an attractive mechanism for the Y-complex in regulating FLC expression via tethering the locus at the nuclear periphery and altering its histone modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Huang
- Zhejiang Lab, Research Institute of Intelligent Computing, Hangzhou 310012, China
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhiyuan Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Guowen Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425100, Hunan, China
| | - Yong-Fu Fu
- MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xianzhong Feng
- Zhejiang Lab, Research Institute of Intelligent Computing, Hangzhou 310012, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
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2
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Biru FN, Cazzonelli CI, Elbaum R, Johnson SN. Silicon-mediated herbivore defence in a pasture grass under reduced and Anthropocene levels of CO 2. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1268043. [PMID: 38023935 PMCID: PMC10646432 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1268043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The uptake and accumulation of silicon (Si) in grass plants play a crucial role in alleviating both biotic and abiotic stresses. Si supplementation has been reported to increase activity of defence-related antioxidant enzyme, which helps to reduce oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) following herbivore attack. Atmospheric CO2 levels are known to affect Si accumulation in grasses; reduced CO2 concentrations increase Si accumulation whereas elevated CO2 concentrations often decrease Si accumulation. This can potentially affect antioxidant enzyme activity and subsequently insect herbivory, but this remains untested. We examined the effects of Si supplementation and herbivory by Helicoverpa armigera on antioxidant enzyme (catalase, CAT; superoxide dismutase, SOD; and ascorbate peroxidase, APX) activity in tall fescue grass (Festuca arundinacea) grown under CO2 concentrations of 200, 410, and 640 ppm representing reduced, ambient, and elevated CO2 levels, respectively. We also quantified foliar Si, carbon (C), and nitrogen (N) concentrations and determined how changes in enzymes and elemental chemistry affected H. armigera relative growth rates and plant consumption. Rising CO2 concentrations increased plant mass and foliar C but decreased foliar N and Si. Si supplementation enhanced APX and SOD activity under the ranging CO2 regimes. Si accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activity were at their highest level under reduced CO2 conditions and their lowest level under future levels of CO2. The latter corresponded with increased herbivore growth rates and plant consumption, suggesting that some grasses could become more susceptible to herbivory under projected CO2 conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikadu N. Biru
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Rivka Elbaum
- R H Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Scott N. Johnson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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3
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Li Z, Gao Y, Yan J, Wang S, Wang S, Liu Y, Wang S, Hua J. Golgi-localized MORN1 promotes lipid droplet abundance and enhances tolerance to multiple stresses in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:1890-1903. [PMID: 37097077 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplet (LD) in vegetative tissues has recently been implicated in environmental responses in plants, but its regulation and its function in stress tolerance are not well understood. Here, we identified a Membrane Occupation and Recognition Nexus 1 (MORN1) gene as a contributor to natural variations of stress tolerance through genome-wide association study in Arabidopsis thaliana. Characterization of its loss-of-function mutant and natural variants revealed that the MORN1 gene is a positive regulator of plant growth, disease resistance, cold tolerance, and heat tolerance. The MORN1 protein is associated with the Golgi and is also partly associated with LD. Protein truncations that disrupt these associations abolished the biological function of the MORN1 protein. Furthermore, the MORN1 gene is a positive regulator of LD abundance, and its role in LD number regulation and stress tolerance is highly linked. Therefore, this study identifies MORN1 as a positive regulator of LD abundance and a contributor to natural variations of stress tolerance. It implicates a potential involvement of Golgi in LD biogenesis and strongly suggests a contribution of LD to diverse processes of plant growth and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yue Gao
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jiapei Yan
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Shu Wang
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shaokui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jian Hua
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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4
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Adjei MO, Zhao H, Tao X, Yang L, Deng S, Li X, Mao X, Li S, Huang J, Luo R, Gao A, Ma J. Using A Protoplast Transformation System to Enable Functional Studies in Mangifera indica L. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11984. [PMID: 37569360 PMCID: PMC10418398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) are an important kind of perennial fruit tree, but their biochemical testing method and transformation technology were insufficient and had not been rigorously explored. The protoplast technology is an excellent method for creating a rapid and effective tool for transient expression and transformation assays, particularly in plants that lack an Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation system. This study optimized the conditions of the protoplast isolation and transformation system, which can provide a lot of help in the gene expression regulation study of mango. The most beneficial protoplast isolation conditions were 150 mg/mL of cellulase R-10 and 180 mg/mL of macerozyme R-10 in the digestion solution at pH 5.6 and 12 h of digestion time. The 0.16 M and 0.08 M mannitol in wash solution (WI) and suspension for counting (MMG), respectively, were optimal for the protoplast isolation yield. The isolated leaf protoplasts (~5.4 × 105 cells/10 mL) were transfected for 30 min mediated by 40% calcium-chloride-based polyethylene glycol (PEG)-4000-CaCl2, from which 84.38% of the protoplasts were transformed. About 0.08 M and 0.12 M of mannitol concentration in MMG and transfection solutions, respectively, were optimal for protoplast viability. Under the florescence signal, GFP was seen in the transformed protoplasts. This showed that the target gene was successfully induced into the protoplast and that it can be transcribed and translated. Experimental results in this paper show that our high-efficiency protoplast isolation and PEG-mediated transformation protocols can provide excellent new methods for creating a rapid and effective tool for the molecular mechanism study of mangoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Owusu Adjei
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Huan Zhao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoguang Tao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shuyue Deng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiyan Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xinjing Mao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shujiang Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Ruixiong Luo
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Aiping Gao
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Zhang A, Luo R, Li J, Miao R, An H, Yan X, Pang Q. Arabidopsis Glutathione-S-Transferases GSTF11 and GSTU20 Function in Aliphatic Glucosinolate Biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:816233. [PMID: 35145536 PMCID: PMC8821908 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.816233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) conjugation with intermediates is required for the biosynthesis of glucosinolate (GSL) by serving as a sulfur supply. Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) primarily work on GSH conjugation, suggesting their involvement in GSL metabolism. Although several GSTs, including GSTF11 and GSTU20, have been recently postulated to act in GSL biosynthesis, molecular evidence is lacking. Here, we demonstrated that GSTF11 and GSTU20 play non-redundant, although partially overlapping, roles in aliphatic GSL biosynthesis. In addition, GSTU20 plays a more important role than GSTF11, which is manifested by the greater loss of aliphatic GSLs associated with GSTU20 mutant and a greater number of differentially expressed genes in GSTU20 mutant compared to GSTF11 mutant. Moreover, a double mutation leads to a greater aggregate loss of aliphatic GSLs, suggesting that GSTU20 and GSTF11 may function in GSL biosynthesis in a dosage-dependent manner. Together, our results provide direct evidence that GSTU20 and GSTF11 are critically involved in aliphatic GSL biosynthesis, filling the knowledge gap that has been speculated in recent decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Luo
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Rongqing Miao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Hui An
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Xiufeng Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiuying Pang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
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Liu HL, Lee ZX, Chuang TW, Wu HC. Effect of heat stress on oxidative damage and antioxidant defense system in white clover (Trifolium repens L.). PLANTA 2021; 254:103. [PMID: 34674051 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study leads to advances in the field of heat tolerance among different plant species. We concluded that a coordinated, increased antioxidant defense system enabled white clover to reduce heat-induced oxidative damage. The rise in global ambient temperature has a wide range of effects on plant growth, and, therefore, on the activation of various molecular defenses before the appearance of heat damage. Elevated temperatures result in accelerated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing an imbalance between ROS production and the ability of scavenging systems to detoxify and remove the reactive intermediates. The aim of this study was to determine the role of antioxidant defense systems in the alleviation of heat stress (HS) consequences in white clover (Trifolium repens L.), which is cultivated worldwide. We evaluated how temperature and time parameters contribute to the thermotolerance of white clover at different growth stages. We revealed HS protection in white clover from 37 to 40 °C, with 40 °C providing the greatest protection of 3-day-old seedlings and 28-day-old adult plants. Heat-provoked oxidative stress in white clover was confirmed by substantial changes in electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA), and chlorophyll content, as well as superoxide anion (O2·-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. Furthermore, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) as well as a high level of GSH non-enzymatic antioxidant were the most responsive, and were associated with acquired thermotolerance through the regulation of ROS generation. We demonstrated, by studying protoplast transient gene expression, direct genetic evidence of endogenous antioxidant-related genes that confer HS tolerance in white clover. Our present study clearly establishes that oxidative stress ensues from HS, which triggers the induction of antioxidant defense systems for ROS scavenging in white clover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Lin Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, 70005, Taiwan
| | - Zhu-Xuan Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, 70005, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Wei Chuang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, 70005, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chen Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, 70005, Taiwan.
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7
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Vandegeer RK, Cibils‐Stewart X, Wuhrer R, Hartley SE, Tissue DT, Johnson SN. Leaf silicification provides herbivore defence regardless of the extensive impacts of water stress. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K. Vandegeer
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Ximena Cibils‐Stewart
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA) Colonia Uruguay
| | - Richard Wuhrer
- Advanced Materials Characterisation Facility Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Susan E. Hartley
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - David T. Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Scott N. Johnson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
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8
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Biru FN, Islam T, Cibils-Stewart X, Cazzonelli CI, Elbaum R, Johnson SN. Anti-herbivore silicon defences in a model grass are greatest under Miocene levels of atmospheric CO 2. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2959-2969. [PMID: 33772982 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) has an important role in mitigating diverse biotic and abiotic stresses in plants, mainly via the silicification of plant tissues. Environmental changes such as atmospheric CO2 concentrations may affect grass Si concentrations which, in turn, can alter herbivore performance. We recently demonstrated that pre-industrial atmospheric CO2 increased Si accumulation in Brachypodium distachyon grass, yet the patterns of Si deposition in leaves and whether this affects insect herbivore performance remains unknown. Moreover, it is unclear whether CO2 -driven changes in Si accumulation are linked to changes in gas exchange (e.g. transpiration rates). We therefore investigated how pre-industrial (reduced; rCO2 , 200 ppm), ambient (aCO2 , 410 ppm) and elevated (eCO2 , 640 ppm) CO2 concentrations, in combination with Si-treatment (Si+ or Si-), affected Si accumulation in B. distachyon and its subsequent effect on the performance of the global insect pest, Helicoverpa armigera. rCO2 increased Si concentrations by 29% and 36% compared to aCO2 and eCO2 respectively. These changes were not related to observed changes in gas exchange under different CO2 regimes, however. The increased Si accumulation under rCO2 decreased herbivore relative growth rate (RGR) by 120% relative to eCO2, whereas rCO2 caused herbivore RGR to decrease by 26% compared to eCO2 . Si supplementation also increased the density of macrohairs, silica and prickle cells, which was associated with reduced herbivore performance. There was a negative correlation among macrohair density, silica cell density, prickle cell density and herbivore RGR under rCO2 suggesting that these changes in leaf surface morphology were linked to reduced performance under this CO2 regime. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that increased Si accumulation under pre-industrial CO2 reduces insect herbivore performance. Contrastingly, we found reduced Si accumulation under higher CO2 , which suggests that some grasses may become more susceptible to insect herbivores under projected climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikadu N Biru
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Tarikul Islam
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Ximena Cibils-Stewart
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Colonia, Uruguay
| | | | - Rivka Elbaum
- R H Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Scott N Johnson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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9
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Hall CR, Rowe RC, Mikhael M, Read E, Hartley SE, Johnson SN. Plant silicon application alters leaf alkaloid concentrations and impacts parasitoids more adversely than their aphid hosts. Oecologia 2021; 196:145-154. [PMID: 33929604 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04902-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Grasses accumulate large amounts of silicon (Si) which acts as a highly effective physical defence against insect herbivory, however recent evidence shows that Si supplementation also modifies plant secondary metabolite concetrations. Changes in plant secondary metabolites concentrations can have cascading effects on higher trophic levels, such as parasitoids, as they are dependent on the host herbivore for growth and development. However, relatively little is known about how Si application affects higher trophic levels. We examined the effects of Si addition on alkaloid content in leaves of Phalaris aquatica (Poaceae) and the effect on interactions between an aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi) and its parasitoid (Aphidius colemani). Si supplementation had no effect on aphid abundance or parasitism rate. Adult aphids, aphid mummies (parasitised aphids) and the emergent parasitoids were, however, significantly smaller on Si+ plants. Parasitoid traits (size and emergence) were correlated with aphid mummy size. Si addition reduced parasitoid emergence rate and size due to reduced host mummy size, in addition, significantly fewer females emerged from mummies on Si+ plants. Aphid infestation significantly altered alkaloids concentrations, reducing gramine by 80% while increasing tryptamine by 91% in Si- plants. Si addition reduced aphid-induced tryptamine concentrations by 64% and increased 5-MeO-tryptamine by over 800% in control and 142% in aphid infested plants. Our results show that while Si addition has modest impacts on the herbivore, it significantly alters secondary metabolites and has stronger effects on the higher trophic level through changes in the quality of the parasitised host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey R Hall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia.
| | - Rhiannon C Rowe
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia
| | - Meena Mikhael
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Read
- Agriculture Victoria, Centre for AgriBioscience, AgriBio, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Sue E Hartley
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Scott N Johnson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia
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10
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Vandegeer RK, Zhao C, Cibils-Stewart X, Wuhrer R, Hall CR, Hartley SE, Tissue DT, Johnson SN. Silicon deposition on guard cells increases stomatal sensitivity as mediated by K + efflux and consequently reduces stomatal conductance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:358-370. [PMID: 32880970 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) has been widely reported to improve plant resistance to water stress via various mechanisms including cuticular Si deposition to reduce leaf transpiration. However, there is limited understanding of the effects of Si on stomatal physiology, including the underlying mechanisms and implications for resistance to water stress. We grew tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cv. Fortuna) hydroponically, with or without Si, and treated half of the plants with 20% polyethylene glycol to impose physiological drought (osmotic stress). Scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with X-ray mapping found that Si was deposited on stomatal guard cells and as a sub-cuticular layer in Si-treated plants. Plants grown in Si had a 28% reduction in stomatal conductance and a 23% reduction in cuticular conductance. When abscisic acid was applied exogenously to epidermal leaf peels to promote stomatal closure, Si plants had 19% lower stomatal aperture compared to control plants (i.e. increased stomatal sensitivity) and an increased efflux of guard cell K+ ions. However, the changes in stomatal physiology with Si were not substantial enough to improve water stress resistance, as shown by a lack of significant effect of Si on water potential, growth, photosynthesis and water-use efficiency. Our findings suggest a novel underlying mechanism for reduced stomatal conductance with Si application; specifically, that Si deposition on stomatal guard cells promotes greater stomatal sensitivity as mediated by guard cell K+ efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Vandegeer
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia
| | - Ximena Cibils-Stewart
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), La Estanzuela Research Station, Ruta 50, Km. 11, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Richard Wuhrer
- Advanced Materials Characterisation Facility (AMCF), Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia
| | - Casey R Hall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia
| | - Susan E Hartley
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia
| | - Scott N Johnson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia
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11
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Li SY, Zhang Q, Jin YH, Zou JX, Zheng YS, Li DD. A MADS-box gene, EgMADS21, negatively regulates EgDGAT2 expression and decreases polyunsaturated fatty acid accumulation in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:1505-1516. [PMID: 32804247 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
EgMADS21 regulates PUFA accumulation in oil palm. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is the most productive world oil crop, accounting for 36% of world plant oil production. However, the molecular mechanism of the transcriptional regulation of fatty acid accumulation and lipid synthesis in the mesocarp of oil palm by up- or downregulating the expression of genes involved in related pathways remains largely unknown. Here, an oil palm MADS-box gene, EgMADS21, was screened in a yeast one-hybrid assay using the EgDGAT2 promoter sequence as bait. EgMADS21 is preferentially expressed in early mesocarp developmental stages in oil palm fruit and presents a negative correlation with EgDGAT2 expression. The direct binding of EgMADS21 to the EgDGAT2 promoter was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Subsequently, transient expression of EgMADS21 in oil palm protoplasts revealed that EgMADS21 not only binds to the EgDGAT2 promoter but also negatively regulates the expression of EgDGAT2. Furthermore, EgMADS21 was stably overexpressed in transgenic oil palm embryoids by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. In three independent transgenic lines, EgDGAT2 expression was significantly suppressed by the expression of EgMADS21. The content of linoleic acid (C18:2) in the three transgenic embryoids was significantly decreased, while that of oleic acid (C18:1) was significantly increased. Combined with the substrate preference of EgDGAT2 identified in previous research, the results demonstrate the molecular mechanism by which EgMADS21 regulates EgDGAT2 expression and ultimately affects fatty acid accumulation in the mesocarp of oil palm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Li
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Yuan-Hang Jin
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Ji-Xin Zou
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Zheng
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Dong-Dong Li
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China.
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12
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Zhang A, Wang S, Kim J, Yan J, Yan X, Pang Q, Hua J. Nuclear pore complex components have temperature-influenced roles in plant growth and immunity. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:1452-1466. [PMID: 32022936 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are main channels controlling nucleocytoplasmic transport and are composed of approximately 30 nucleoporins (NUPs). Emerging evidence suggests that some NUP genes have specialized functions that challenge the traditional view of NPCs as structures of uniform composition. Here, we analysed the role of six outer-ring components of NPC at normal and warm growth temperatures by examining their loss-of-function mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana. All six NUP subunits, NUP85, NUP96, NUP 133, NUP 160, SEH1 and HOS1, have a non-redundant temperature-influenced function in one or more of the processes, including rosette growth, leaf architecture and intracellular immune receptor-mediated disease resistance. At the molecular level, NUP85 and NUP133 are required for mRNA export only at warm temperature and play a larger role in the localization of transcription factor at warm temperature. In addition, NUP96 and HOS1 are essential for the expression of high temperature-responsive genes, which is correlated with their larger activity in facilitating nuclear accumulation of the transcription factor PIF4 at warm temperature. Our results show that subunits of NPC have differential roles at different temperatures, suggesting the existence of temperature-influenced NPC complexes and activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- School of Integrated Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Integrated Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jitae Kim
- School of Integrated Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Jiapei Yan
- School of Integrated Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Xiufeng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiuying Pang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Hua
- School of Integrated Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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13
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Hus K, Betekhtin A, Pinski A, Rojek-Jelonek M, Grzebelus E, Nibau C, Gao M, Jaeger KE, Jenkins G, Doonan JH, Hasterok R. A CRISPR/Cas9-Based Mutagenesis Protocol for Brachypodium distachyon and Its Allopolyploid Relative, Brachypodium hybridum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:614. [PMID: 32508865 PMCID: PMC7251944 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 system enables precise genome editing and is a useful tool for functional genomic studies. Here we report a detailed protocol for targeted genome editing in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon and its allotetraploid relative B. hybridum, describing gRNA design, a transient protoplast assay to test gRNA efficiency, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and the selection and analysis of regenerated plants. In B. distachyon, we targeted the gene encoding phytoene desaturase (PDS), which is a crucial enzyme in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway. The albino phenotype of mutants obtained confirmed the effectiveness of the protocol for functional gene analysis. Additionally, we targeted two genes related to cell wall maintenance, encoding a fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein (FLA) and a pectin methylesterase (PME), also in B. distachyon. Two genes encoding cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKG1 and CDKG2), which may be involved in DNA recombination were targeted in both B. distachyon and B. hybridum. Cas9 activity induces mainly insertions or deletions, resulting in frameshift mutations that, may lead to premature stop codons. Because of the close phylogenetic relationship between Brachypodium species and key temperate cereals and forage grasses, this protocol should be easily adapted to target genes underpinning agronomically important traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Hus
- Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Group, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Alexander Betekhtin
- Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Group, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Artur Pinski
- Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Group, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rojek-Jelonek
- Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Group, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Grzebelus
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Cracow, Poland
| | - Candida Nibau
- National Plant Phenomics Centre, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Mingjun Gao
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katja E. Jaeger
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department for Plant Adaptation, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Glyn Jenkins
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - John H. Doonan
- National Plant Phenomics Centre, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Hasterok
- Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Group, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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14
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Hall CR, Dagg V, Waterman JM, Johnson SN. Silicon Alters Leaf Surface Morphology and Suppresses Insect Herbivory in a Model Grass Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E643. [PMID: 32438683 PMCID: PMC7285219 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Grasses accumulate large amounts of silicon (Si) which is deposited in trichomes, specialised silica cells and cell walls. This may increase leaf toughness and reduce cell rupture, palatability and digestion. Few studies have measured leaf mechanical traits in response to Si, thus the effect of Si on herbivores can be difficult to disentangle from Si-induced changes in leaf surface morphology. We assessed the effects of Si on Brachypodium distachyon mechanical traits (specific leaf area (SLA), thickness, leaf dry matter content (LDMC), relative electrolyte leakage (REL)) and leaf surface morphology (macrohairs, prickle, silica and epidermal cells) and determined the effects of Si on the growth of two generalist insect herbivores (Helicoverpa armigera and Acheta domesticus). Si had no effect on leaf mechanical traits; however, Si changed leaf surface morphology: silica and prickle cells were on average 127% and 36% larger in Si supplemented plants, respectively. Prickle cell density was significantly reduced by Si, while macrohair density remained unchanged. Caterpillars were more negatively affected by Si compared to crickets, possibly due to the latter having a thicker and thus more protective gut lining. Our data show that Si acts as a direct defence against leaf-chewing insects by changing the morphology of specialised defence structures without altering leaf mechanical traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey R. Hall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia; (V.D.); (J.M.W.); (S.N.J.)
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15
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Lai Q, Wang Y, Zhou Q, Zhao Z. Isolation and Purification of Mesophyll Protoplasts from Ginkgo biloba L. CYTOLOGIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.85.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lai
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University
| | - Yanlai Wang
- Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry Technology, Northwest A&F University
| | - Qianyi Zhou
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University
| | - Zhong Zhao
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University
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16
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Hall CR, Mikhael M, Hartley SE, Johnson SN. Elevated atmospheric CO
2
suppresses jasmonate and silicon‐based defences without affecting herbivores. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Casey R. Hall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Richmond NSW Australia
| | - Meena Mikhael
- School of Medicine Western Sydney University Campbelltown NSW Australia
| | - Susan E. Hartley
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Scott N. Johnson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Richmond NSW Australia
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17
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Betekhtin A, Hus K, Rojek-Jelonek M, Kurczynska E, Nibau C, Doonan JH, Hasterok R. In Vitro Tissue Culture in Brachypodium: Applications and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1037. [PMID: 32033195 PMCID: PMC7037373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brachypodium distachyon has become an excellent model for plant breeding and bioenergy grasses that permits many fundamental questions in grass biology to be addressed. One of the constraints to performing research in many grasses has been the difficulty with which they can be genetically transformed and the generally low frequency of such transformations. In this review, we discuss the contribution that transformation techniques have made in Brachypodium biology as well as how Brachypodium could be used to determine the factors that might contribute to transformation efficiency. In particular, we highlight the latest research on the mechanisms that govern the gradual loss of embryogenic potential in a tissue culture and propose using B. distachyon as a model for other recalcitrant monocots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Betekhtin
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellonska Street, 40-032 Katowice, Poland; (K.H.); (M.R.-J.); (E.K.); (R.H.)
| | - Karolina Hus
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellonska Street, 40-032 Katowice, Poland; (K.H.); (M.R.-J.); (E.K.); (R.H.)
| | - Magdalena Rojek-Jelonek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellonska Street, 40-032 Katowice, Poland; (K.H.); (M.R.-J.); (E.K.); (R.H.)
| | - Ewa Kurczynska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellonska Street, 40-032 Katowice, Poland; (K.H.); (M.R.-J.); (E.K.); (R.H.)
| | - Candida Nibau
- National Plant Phenomics Centre, IBERS, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3EE, UK; (C.N.); (J.H.D.)
| | - John H. Doonan
- National Plant Phenomics Centre, IBERS, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3EE, UK; (C.N.); (J.H.D.)
| | - Robert Hasterok
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellonska Street, 40-032 Katowice, Poland; (K.H.); (M.R.-J.); (E.K.); (R.H.)
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18
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Huo A, Chen Z, Wang P, Yang L, Wang G, Wang D, Liao S, Cheng T, Chen J, Shi J. Establishment of transient gene expression systems in protoplasts from Liriodendron hybrid mesophyll cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172475. [PMID: 28323890 PMCID: PMC5360215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liriodendron is a genus of the magnolia family comprised of two flowering tree species that produce hardwoods of great ecological and economic value. However, only a limited amount of genetic research has been performed on the Liriodendron genus partly because transient or stable transgenic trees have been difficult to produce. In general, transient expression systems are indispensable for rapid, high-throughput screening and systematic characterization of gene functions at a low cost; therefore, development of such a system for Liriodendron would provide a necessary step forward for research on Magnoliaceae and other woody trees. Herein, we describe an efficient and rapid protocol for preparing protoplasts from the leaf mesophyll tissue of a Liriodendron hybrid and an optimized system for polyethylene glycol–mediated transient transfection of the protoplasts. Because the leaves of the Liriodendron hybrid are waxy, we formulated an enzyme mix containing 1.5% (w/v) Cellulase R-10, 0.5% (w/v) Macerozyme R-10, and 0.1% (w/v) Pectolyase Y-23 to efficiently isolate protoplasts from the Liriodendron hybrid leaf mesophyll tissue in 3 h. We optimized Liriodendron protoplast transfection efficiency by including 20 μg plasmid DNA per 104 protoplasts, a transformation time of 20 min, and inclusion of 20% (w/v) polyethylene glycol 4000. After integrating the Liriodendron WOX1 gene into pJIT166-GFP to produce a WOX1-GFP fusion product and transfecting it into isolated protoplasts, LhWOX1-GFP was found to localize to the nucleus according to its green fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Huo
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengkai Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liming Yang
- School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Guangping Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Suchan Liao
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tielong Cheng
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhui Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (J.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Jisen Shi
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (J.C.); (J.S.)
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19
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Zhang L, Yan J, Vatamaniuk OK, Du X. CsNIP2;1 is a Plasma Membrane Transporter from Cucumis sativus that Facilitates Urea Uptake When Expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:616-629. [PMID: 26858284 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Urea is an important source of nitrogen (N) for the growth and development of plants. It occurs naturally in soils, is the major N source in agricultural fertilizers and is an important N metabolite in plants. Therefore, the identification and characterization of urea transporters in higher plants is important for the fundamental understanding of urea-based N nutrition in plants and for designing novel strategies for improving the N-use efficiency of urea based-fertilizers. Progress in this area, however, is hampered due to scarce knowledge of plant urea transporters. From what is known, urea uptake from the soil into plant roots is mediated by two types of transporters: the major intrinsic proteins (MIPs) and the DUR3 orthologs, mediating low- and high-affinity urea transport, respectively. Here we characterized a MIP family member from Cucumis sativus, CsNIP2;1, with regard to its contribution to urea transport. We show that CsNIP2;1 is a plasma membrane transporter that mediates pH-dependent urea uptake when expressed in yeast. We also found that ectopic expression of CsNIP2;1 improves growth of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana and rescues growth and development of the atdur3-3 mutant on medium with urea as the sole N source. In addition, CsNIP2;1 is transcriptionally up-regulated by N deficiency, urea and NO3 (-). These data and results from the analyses of the pattern of CsNIP2;1 expression in A. thaliana and cucumber suggest that CsNIP2;1 might be involved in multiple steps of urea-based N nutrition, including urea uptake and internal transport during N remobilization throughout seed germination and N delivery to developing tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Research Center of Organic Agriculture Technology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Jiapei Yan
- School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Soil and Crop Sciences Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Olena K Vatamaniuk
- School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Soil and Crop Sciences Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Xiangge Du
- Research Center of Organic Agriculture Technology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
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