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Abstract
The prognostic significance of body mass index in lung cancer and the direction of this relationship are not yet clear. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between BMI and overall survival time of advanced-stage lung cancer patients treated in a center in Turkey, a developing country. In this study, the data of 225 patients diagnosed with stage III or stage IV lung cancer between 2016 and 2020 were analyzed. The effects of BMI and other variables on survival were examined by Cox regression analysis for NSCLC and SCLC. For NSCLC and SCLC, being underweight compared to the normal group, being diagnosed at a more advanced stage, and having a worse performance score were associated with a significantly higher risk of death. Other variables significantly associated with survival were gender, type of radiotherapy for NSCLC, age group, and family history for SCLC. This study showed that being underweight relative to the normal group was associated with worse survival for NSCLC and SCLC but did not support the obesity paradox. Studies that are representative of all BMI categories and free of bias are needed to understand the BMI-lung cancer survival relationship clearly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Yağmur Evcil
- Department of Public Health, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Özgür Önal
- Department of Public Health, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Emine Elif Özkan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
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2
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Kang HS, Lim JU, Yeo CD, Park CK, Lee SH, Kim SJ. Characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with nonsmoking small cell lung cancer in Korea. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:200. [PMID: 35585538 PMCID: PMC9118879 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-01989-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with nonsmoking small cell lung cancer (SCLC) using a nationwide registry in Korea. METHODS The Korean Association for Lung Cancer developed a registry in cooperation with the Korean Central Cancer Registry (KCCR) and surveyed approximately 10% of recorded lung cancer cases. RESULTS From 2014 to 2016, the KCCR registered 1,043 patients newly diagnosed with SCLC among a total of 8,110 lung cancer patients. In subgroup analysis, Kaplan meier survival analysis showed that the overall survival (OS) was significantly shorter in the nonsmoking subgroup than the ever-smoking subgroup of SCLC patients with extensive disease (6.99 vs. 9.68 months; P = 0.016). Among SCLC patients with limited disease, OS was also shorter in the nonsmoking subgroup, without statistical significance (19.4 vs. 23.5 months; P = 0.247). In a multivariate analysis using a Cox regression model, never smoking was not associated with shorter OS, but older age, extensive stage, poor performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group grade ≥ 2), male sex, no prophylactic cranial irradiation, and no active treatment (chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy) were associated with poor prognosis. CONCLUSION This evaluation of an unbiased nationwide survey dataset revealed that a significant proportion of Korean SCLC patients were never-smokers. No history of smoking appeared to be a significant prognostic factor according to the univariate analysis but was confirmed to be statistically insignificant through a multivariate analysis of the total population. Reasons for a poor prognosis may include the possibility that a high rate of the elderly population is composed of nonsmokers who did not receive active treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Seon Kang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Uk Lim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Dong Yeo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Kwon Park
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Haak Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Joon Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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Nemesure B, Albano D, Nemesure A. Short- and long-term survival outcomes among never smokers who developed lung cancer. Cancer Epidemiol 2021; 75:102042. [PMID: 34571392 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2021.102042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the US. While an extensive literature exists detailing lung cancer risk factors and mortality among patients with a history of tobacco use, the data are more limited among individuals who have never smoked. The purpose of this investigation is to compare survival rates between the two groups and evaluate potential risk factors among never smokers. METHODS This retrospective study included 3380 smokers and 334 never smokers who were diagnosed with lung cancer at Stony Brook University Hospital between 2003 and 2016. 1-, 3-, 5- and 10-year survival outcomes, stratified by smoking status, were compared and Kaplan-Meier curves for overall survival are provided. Cox Proportional Hazard models were used to evaluate factors influencing survival among never smokers. RESULTS Never smokers with lung cancer were more likely to be female, be diagnosed with adenocarcinoma histology, and had fewer comorbidities than lung cancer patients who smoked. Although 60% of patients were diagnosed at a later stage of disease development, regardless of smoking status, overall short- and long-term survival was significantly higher among never smokers compared to those with a history of tobacco use. In addition to age and stage at diagnosis, a history of diabetes was found to be a significant prognostic factor for decreased survival among never smokers (HR=3.15, 95% CI (1.74, 5.71)). CONCLUSIONS Data from the present investigation suggest that, regardless of smoking status, approximately three of every five lung cancer patients are diagnosed at a later stage, and that both short- and long-term survival outcomes are significantly better among never smokers compared to those with a history of tobacco use. Additional studies are required to validate these findings and better explain the mechanistic drivers for the improved outcomes among never smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook Medicine, 100 Nicolls Road - Health Sciences Center, Level 3, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8036, United States.
| | - Denise Albano
- Department of Surgery, Stony Brook Medicine, 100 Nicolls Road - Health Sciences Center, Level 19, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8191, United States.
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Jafarian AH, Kooshki Forooshani M, Reisi H, Mohamadian Roshan N. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) Expression in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma and Its Association with Clinicopathologic Factors. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 15:326-333. [PMID: 32944046 PMCID: PMC7477682 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2020.95177.1940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objective: Matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) is one of the most important enzymes to breakdown extracellular matrix which plays a major role in tumor invasion and metastasis. This study aimed to determine tumor MMP-9 expression in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and whether it is associated with histopathologic factors and has prognostic value to affect overall survival (OS). Methods: The specimens of 92 patients with NSCLC diagnosis were included. Tumor sections were stained by immunohistochemistry method. Using scores for the percentage of cells positively stained and the intensity of staining, MMP-9 expression total score was classified as low-score (scores of 0 to 2), moderate-score (scores of 3 to 5), or high-score (scores of 6 or 7). OS was defined as the time interval since the diagnosis of NSCLC to the status at the last follow-up (dead or alive). The follow up period was up to 70 months. Results: About 74% of undifferentiated specimens (grade III tumors) showed high scores for MMP-9 expression which was significantly higher than moderately differentiated tumors (25% had high scores for MMP-9 expression) and well differentiated ones which did not have high scores (P<0.001). A total of 74 patients (80.4%) died during the follow-up period. Of this, 36% had high scores for MMP-9 expression. In contrast, none of the patients who were alive at the last follow-up had high scores for MMP-9 expression (P<0.001). Median OS was significantly lower in high score group (6 months) compared to moderate score (9 months) and high score group (15 months) (P<0.001). Conclusion: MMP-9 expression may serve as a significant prognostic factor for mortality and overall survival in NSCLC. Undifferentiated tumors significantly express higher MMP-9 immunohistochemically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Jafarian
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Reisi
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nema Mohamadian Roshan
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Liu JC, Narva S, Zhou K, Zhang W. A Review on the Antitumor Activity of Various Nitrogenous-based Heterocyclic Compounds as NSCLC Inhibitors. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:1517-1530. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190312152358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
At present, cancers have been causing deadly fears to humans and previously unpredictable
losses to health. Especially, lung cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related mortality
accounting for approximately 15% of all cancer cases worldwide. While Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinomas
(NSCLCs) makes up to 80% of lung cancer cases. The patient compliance has been weakening
because of serious drug resistance and adverse drug effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the
development of novel structural agents to inhibit NSCLCs. Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds
exhibit wide range of biological properties, especially antitumor activity. We reviewed some
deadly defects of clinical medicines for the lung cancer therapy and importance of nitrogen based heterocyclic
derivatives against NSCLCs. Nitrogen heterocycles exhibit significant antitumor activity
against NSCLCs. Nitrogen heterocyclic hybrids could be developed as multi-target-directed NSCLC
inhibitors and it is believed that the review is significant for rational designs and new ideas in the development
of nitrogen heterocyclic-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Chun Liu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Suresh Narva
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Kang Zhou
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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Huang J, Jiang W, Tong X, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Fan H. Identification of gene and microRNA changes in response to smoking in human airway epithelium by bioinformatics analyses. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17267. [PMID: 31568004 PMCID: PMC6756728 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking is a substantial risk factor for many respiratory diseases. This study aimed to identify the gene and microRNA changes related to smoking in human airway epithelium by bioinformatics analysis.From the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, the mRNA datasets GSE11906, GSE22047, GSE63127, and microRNA dataset GSE14634 were downloaded, and were analyzed using GEO2R. Functional enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was enforced using DAVID. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs)- DEGs network were executed by Cytoscape.In total, 107 DEGs and 10 DEMs were determined. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that DEGs principally enriched in oxidation-reduction process, extracellular space and oxidoreductase activity. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway demonstrated that DEGs were principally enriched in metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 and chemical carcinogenesis. The PPI network revealed 15 hub genes, including NQO1, CYP1B1, AKR1C1, CYP1A1, AKR1C3, CEACAM5, MUCL1, B3GNT6, MUC5AC, MUC12, PTGER4, CALCA, CBR1, TXNRD1, and CBR3. Cluster analysis showed that these hub genes were associated with adenocarcinoma in situ, squamous cell carcinoma, cell differentiation, inflammatory response, oxidative DNA damage, oxidative stress response and tumor necrosis factor. Hsa-miR-627-5p might have the most target genes, including ITLN1, TIMP3, PPP4R4, SLC1A2, NOVA1, RNFT2, CLDN10, TMCC3, EPHA7, SRPX2, PPP1R16B, GRM1, HS3ST3A1, SFRP2, SLC7A11, and KLHDC8A.We identified several molecular changes induced by smoking in human airway epithelium. This study may provide some candidate genes and microRNAs for assessing the risk of lung diseases caused by smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhen Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Wanli Jiang
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang Tong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu, Sichuan
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Ravichandran R, Viswanathan S, Berlin Grace VM, Bonati L, Narayanan J. Ameliorating effect of lipo-ATRA treatment on the expression of TIG3 and its suppressing effect on PPARγ gene expression in lung cancer animal model. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 460:105-112. [PMID: 31300983 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03574-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to find out the molecular therapeutic effect of lipo-ATRA on tumour suppressor TIG3 and cell proliferative biomarker PPARγ in B (a) P-induced lung cancer model. In RT-PCR study, ATRA- and lipo-ATRA-treated mice samples showed relatively higher TIG3 expression and decreased PPARγ expression (Band density) than cancer control. Among treatments, lipo-ATRA showed vital effect than free ATRA by enhancing TIG3 and decreasing PPARγ. The qPCR results also showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) difference in both TIG3 and PPAR (RQ values of TIG3, lipo-ATRA 23.85 ± 1.29; free ATRA 10.43 ± 1.81 and for PPARγ, lipo-ATRA 4.707 ± 1.21; free ATRA 15.78 ± 2.34). From this, we conclude that liposomal ATRA formulation is most preferable for prolonged delivery of ATRA at targeted site to favour molecular action. It implies that the therapeutic effect of lipo-ATRA in lung cancer was exhibited by ameliorating the TIG3 expression and by suppressing the expression of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragavi Ravichandran
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, 641114, India
| | - S Viswanathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, 641114, India
| | - V M Berlin Grace
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, 641114, India.
| | - Lucia Bonati
- Biotechnology, ETH Zurich, Hebelstrasse, 17, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jini Narayanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641007, India
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James N, Shanthi V, Ramanathan K. Discovery of novel anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors: Structure and energy-based pharmacophore strategy. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633619500147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The clinical outcomes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer have improved, as a result of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibition. Therefore in the current study, substantial effort has been made to identify ALK inhibitors through systematic virtual screening experiment consisting of e-pharmacophore and pharmacophore perception techniques. Initially, a pharmacophore model (AAAHP.193) and an e-pharmacophore model (DDRRR) encompassing the whole dataset of 12 known ALK inhibitors were developed. The hypotheses could retrieve effective compounds from DrugBank database (8621 molecules), which were then subjected to molecular docking and ADME prediction. These approaches resulted in the identification of five hits, namely, nebivolol, HDY, D42, 796, and LZE having higher Glide docking scores and promising ADME properties with augmented CNS involvement. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to validate the inhibitory activity of the hit compounds, and density functional theory calculations were carried out to scrutinize the chemical reactivity of the hits. Subsequent interaction and scaffold analysis identified prominent interactions of the hits with ALK kinase domain and scaffolds with anti-tumor activity against lung cancer cell lines. We strongly believe that the study provides an outlook for the sighting of novel and potent ALK inhibitors in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivya James
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V. Shanthi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. Ramanathan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Jassem
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Yang Y, Ji P, Wang X, Zhou H, Wu J, Quan W, Shang A, Sun J, Gu C, Firrman J, Xiao W, Sun Z, Li D. Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid-Derived Exosomes: A Novel Role Contributing to Lung Cancer Growth. Front Oncol 2019; 9:197. [PMID: 31001469 PMCID: PMC6454045 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanovesicles produced by a number of different cell types and regarded as important mediators of cell-to-cell communication. Although bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) has been shown to be involved in the development of tumors, its role in lung cancer (LC) remains unclear. In this article, we systemically studied BALF-derived exosomes in LC. C57BL/6 mice were injected with Lewis lung carcinoma cells and exposed to non-typeable Haemophilus influenza (NTHi) lysate. The analysis showed that the growth of lung tumors in these mice was significantly enhanced compared with the control cohort (only exposure to air). Characterization of the exosomes derived from mouse BALF demonstrated elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 in mice exposed to NTHi lysates. Furthermore, abnormal BALF-derived exosomes facilitated the development of LC in vitro and in vivo. The internalization of the BALF-derived exosomes contributed to the development of LC tumors. Collectively, our data demonstrated that exosomes in BALF are a key factor involved in the growth and progression of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibao Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Ji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Putuo People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Putuo People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Junlu Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqing Quan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Anquan Shang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjun Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenzheng Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jenni Firrman
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Agriculture Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA, United States
| | - Weidong Xiao
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Zujun Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhang X, Wu L, Xu Y, Zhang B, Wu X, Wang Y, Pang Z. Trends in the incidence rate of lung cancer by histological type and gender in Sichuan, China, 1995-2015: A single-center retrospective study. Thorac Cancer 2018; 9:532-541. [PMID: 29504256 PMCID: PMC5928362 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, lung cancer incidence has been increasing; however the impact of different histological types of lung cancer is not yet clear. METHODS Trends in the lung cancer incidence rate by histological type were examined based on data of 36 658 primary lung cancer patients from West China Hospital between 1995 and 2015. RESULTS The most common histological type of lung cancer in our hospital was adenocarcinoma (ADC) in both genders, followed by squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC), and small cell carcinoma (SCLC), which is consistent with general worldwide trends. The proportion of young patients with SCLC showed a downward trend. In the overall population with lung cancer, the number of elderly patients with lung cancer increased significantly, while the proportion of elderly patients increased gradually. The mean age at diagnosis also increased. The number of women with ADC increased sharply in recent years, especially in young patients, and the incidence rate in women is now greater than in men. CONCLUSION Significant increases in the number of patients with ADC and the rate of lung cancer in women over recent years were observed, indicating that research on the pathogenesis of disease in these patients is urgent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
- Department of OncologySuining Central HospitalSuiningChina
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Benxia Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Xueqian Wu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Zongguo Pang
- Department of PathologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Unfavorable clinical implications of peripheral blood CD44+ and CD54+ lymphocytes in patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Int J Biol Markers 2017; 33:208-214. [PMID: 29148014 DOI: 10.5301/ijbm.5000309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an unmet need for identification of additional prognostic markers for lung cancer. The aim of this study was to identify novel clinical and immunological predictors of prognosis in lung cancer patients. METHODS Lymphocyte subsets CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/8+, CD25+, CD69+, CD44+ and CD54+ were quantified in peripheral blood using flow cytometry, for 203 newly diagnosed lung cancer patients and 120 healthy controls. RESULTS The levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ and CD69+ lymphocytes were significantly lower in patients with lung cancer compared with the healthy control group, while CD54+ and CD44+ lymphocytes were significantly higher. In stage III/IV patients with lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis, the levels of CD44+ and CD54+ lymphocytes were significantly increased compared with patients with stage I/II disease (p<0.05). The levels of CD44+ and CD54+ lymphocytes markedly reduced after chemotherapy, and follow-up analysis indicated that patients found without increase of CD44+ and CD54+ lymphocytes after chemotherapy had survival advantages. Independent predictors of survival in lung cancer patients included clinical stage (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.791; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.42-3.54, p<0.001), CD44+ lymphocytes (HR = 1.282; 95% CI, 1.02-1.49, p = 0.002) and CD54+ lymphocytes (HR = 1.475; 95% CI, 1.22-1.73, p = 0.003). Elevated levels of CD44+ and CD54+ lymphocytes correlated with poor prognosis in lung cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in patients with lung cancer are different from those in healthy people, and circulating CD44+ and CD54+ lymphocytes seem to be a promising criterion to predict survival in lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Heymann JJ, Bulman WA, Swinarski D, Pagan CA, Crapanzano JP, Haghighi M, Fazlollahi L, Stoopler MB, Sonett JR, Sacher AG, Shu CA, Rizvi NA, Saqi A. PD-L1 expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma: Comparison among cytology, small biopsy, and surgical resection specimens. Cancer Cytopathol 2017; 125:896-907. [DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas J. Heymann
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology; New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York New York
| | - William A. Bulman
- Department of Medicine; New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York New York
| | - David Swinarski
- Department of Mathematics; Fordham University; New York New York
| | - Carlos A. Pagan
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology; New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York New York
| | - John P. Crapanzano
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology; New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York New York
| | - Mehrvash Haghighi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology; New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York New York
| | - Ladan Fazlollahi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology; New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York New York
| | - Mark B. Stoopler
- Department of Medicine; New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York New York
| | - Joshua R. Sonett
- Department of Surgery; New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York New York
| | - Adrian G. Sacher
- Department of Medicine; New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York New York
| | - Catherine A. Shu
- Department of Medicine; New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York New York
| | - Naiyer A. Rizvi
- Department of Medicine; New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York New York
| | - Anjali Saqi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology; New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York New York
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Survival among Never-Smokers with Lung Cancer in the Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance Study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2016; 13:58-66. [PMID: 26730864 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201504-241oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Differences in patient characteristics and outcomes have been observed among current, former, and never-smokers with lung cancer, but most prior studies included few never-smokers and were not prospective. OBJECTIVES We used data from a large, prospective study of lung cancer care and outcomes in the United States to compare characteristics of never-smokers and smokers with lung cancer and to examine survival among the never-smokers. METHODS Smoking status at diagnosis was determined by self-report and survival was determined from medical records and cancer registries, with follow-up through June 2010 or later. Cox regression was used to examine the association between smoking and survival, and to identify predictors of survival among never-smokers. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Among 3,410 patients with lung cancer diagnosed between September 1, 2003 and October 14, 2005 who completed a baseline patient survey, there were 274 never-smokers (8%), 1,612 former smokers (47%), 1,496 current smokers or smokers who quit recently (44%), and 28 with missing information about smoking status (<1%). Never-smokers appeared more likely than former and current/recent smokers to be female and of Asian or Hispanic race/ethnicity, and to have adenocarcinoma histology, fewer comorbidities, private insurance, and higher income and education. Compared with never-smokers, the adjusted hazard of death from any cause was 29% higher among former smokers (hazard ratio, 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.55), and 39% higher among current/recent smokers (hazard ratio, 1.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-1.67). Factors predicting worse overall survival among never-smokers included Hispanic ethnicity, severe comorbidity, undifferentiated histology, and regional or distant stage. Never-smoking Hispanics appeared more likely to have regional or advanced disease at diagnosis and less likely to undergo surgical resection, although these differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Never-smokers with lung cancer are more likely than ever-smokers to be female, Asian or Hispanic, and more advantaged socioeconomically, suggesting possible etiologic differences in lung cancer by smoking status. Among never-smokers, Hispanics with lung cancer had worse survival than non-Hispanic whites.
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Almasi Z, Salehiniya H, Amoori N, Enayatrad M. Epidemiology Characteristics and Trends of Lung Cancer Incidence in Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:557-62. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.2.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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16
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Lee DS, Kim YS, Kay CS, Kim SH, Yeo CD, Kim JW, Kim SJ, Kim YK, Ko YH, Kang JH, Lee KY. Distinctive Patterns of Initially Presenting Metastases and Clinical Outcomes According to the Histological Subtypes in Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2795. [PMID: 26871841 PMCID: PMC4753937 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to compare the primary patterns of metastases and clinical outcomes between adenocarcinoma (Adenoca) and squamous cell carcinoma (SQ) in initially diagnosed stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Between June 2007 and June 2013, a total of 427 eligible patients were analyzed. These patients were histologically confirmed as Adenoca or SQ and underwent systemic imaging studies, including 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography and brain imaging. Synchronous metastatic sites were categorized into 7 areas, and whole-body metastatic scores were calculated from 1 to 7 by summation of each involved region. We compared the patient, tumor, and metastatic characteristics according to the histological subtypes, and examined clinical outcomes.The enrolled study cohort comprised 81% (n = 346) Adenoca patients and 19% (n = 81) SQ patients. The median age of the study population was 65 years (range, 30-94 years), and 263 (61.6%) patients were male. The most common metastatic sites were thoracic lymph nodes (LNs) (84.3%), followed by lung to lung/lymphangitic spread (59%) and bone (54.8%). The distribution of patient characteristics revealed that age ≥65 years (69.1% vs 50.6%; P = 0.003) and male sex (84% vs 56.4%; P < 0.001) were more frequently found in SQ patients. Regarding metastatic features, bone metastasis (60.4% vs 30.9%; P < 0.001), lung to lung/lymphangitic metastasis (63% vs 42%; P = 0.001), and brain metastasis (35% vs 16%; P = 0.001) were significantly and more frequently found in Adenoca patients. Patients with high metastatic scores (score 3-6) were more frequently found to have Adenoca (91.6% vs 73.4%; P < 0.001). In multivariate prognostic evaluation, sex (P = 0.001), age (P < 0.001), histology (P < 0.001), LN status (P = 0.032), pleural/pericardial metastasis (P = 0.003), abdomen/pelvis metastasis (P < 0.001), axilla/neck metastasis (P = 0.006), and treatment factors (P < 0.001) remained independent prognostic factors affecting overall survival.We observed distinctive patterns of primary metastases and clinical outcomes according to the histological subtypes in stage IV NSCLC. Future studies need to disclose the underlying mechanism of these unique metastatic features and tumor biologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Soo Lee
- From the Department of Radiation Oncology (DSL, YSK, CSK, SHK); Division of Pulmonology (CDY, JWK, SJK, YKK), Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Medical Oncology (YHK, JHK), Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Hospital Pathology (KYL); and The Cancer Research Institute (SJK), College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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Qian X, Song X, He Y, Yang Z, Sun T, Wang J, Zhu G, Xing W, You C. CCNB2 overexpression is a poor prognostic biomarker in Chinese NSCLC patients. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 74:222-7. [PMID: 26349989 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin B2 (CCNB2), a member of cyclin family proteins, serves a key role in progression of G2/M transition. The clinical value of CCNB2 in non-small cell lung cancer is still unknown. The aim of our study is to identify the role of CCNB2 in NSCLC patients. The status of CCNB2 in NSCLC tissues and normal lung tissues was observed in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO: GSE19804). CCNB2 mRNA and protein expressions were detected in NSCLC and normal lung tissues by using Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. The association of CCNB protein expression with clinical characteristics of 186 NSCLC patients was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Based on microarray data (GEO: GSE19804), we observed that CCNB2 was significantly overexpressed in NSCLC tissues compared with paired adjacent normal lung tissue. Furthermore, we verified mRNA and protein levels of CCNB2 expression were both increased in NSCLC tissues. We found high levels of CCNB2 protein were positively associated with the status of differentiated degree, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and clinical stage. Meanwhile, CCNB2 protein overexpression was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for the overall survival of patients with NSCLC. In conclusion, overexpression of CCNB2 protein is associated with clinical progression and poor prognosis in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Qian
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xuekun Song
- School of Information Technology, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou450008, China
| | - Yuan He
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhiyong Yang
- Department of Radiontherapy, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang 438000, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fuyang Second People's Hospital, Fuyang 236015, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Oncology, Fuyang Tumor Hospital, Fuyang 236018, China
| | - Guiqi Zhu
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, Liver Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Weihai Xing
- Department of Pathology, Fifth People's Hospital of Fuyang, Fuyang 23600, China
| | - Changxuan You
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Serum lactate dehydrogenase levels at presentation in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer: predictive value of metastases and relation to survival outcomes. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:619-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3776-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Mowls DS, McCaffree DR, Beebe LA. Trends in lung cancer incidence rates, Oklahoma 2005-2010. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119251. [PMID: 25901351 PMCID: PMC4406440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Lung cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer among men and women in the United States. With cigarette smoking causing the majority of cases, patterns in lung cancer are often monitored to understand the impact of anti-tobacco efforts. The purpose of this research was to investigate trends in lung cancer incidence rates for the period 2005–2010 in Oklahoma. Methods Data on Oklahoma’s incident cases of lung cancer (2005–2010) were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER system. Annual percent change (APC) was calculated by linear regression to characterize trends in lung cancer incidence rates over time for the overall population, by gender, by age group, and by age group within gender. Rates were considered to increase or decrease if the p-value for trend was <0.05. Results From 2005 through 2010, lung cancer incidence rates declined from 81.96 to 68.19 per 100,000 population, with an APC of -3.58% (p-value: 0.0220). When subgroups were examined, declines were observed among all males (APC: -4.25%; p-value: 0.0270), males <65 years (APC: -5.32%; p-value: 0.0008), females <65 years (APC: -4.85%; p-value: 0.0044), and persons aged 55–64 years (APC: -6.38%; p-value: 0.0017). Conclusions Declines in lung cancer incidence rates occurred during 2005–2010 among the overall population and within select demographic groups in Oklahoma. Although trends were stable for several demographic groups, rates of lung cancer incidence were lower in 2010 compared to 2005. Continued evidence-based tobacco control efforts are needed to ensure further reductions in lung cancer incidence rates in the state of Oklahoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana S. Mowls
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - D. Robert McCaffree
- Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Laura A. Beebe
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kim C, Gao YT, Xiang YB, Barone-Adesi F, Zhang Y, Hosgood HD, Ma S, Shu XO, Ji BT, Chow WH, Seow WJ, Bassig B, Cai Q, Zheng W, Rothman N, Lan Q. Home kitchen ventilation, cooking fuels, and lung cancer risk in a prospective cohort of never smoking women in Shanghai, China. Int J Cancer 2015; 136:632-8. [PMID: 24917360 PMCID: PMC4232458 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Indoor air pollution (IAP) caused by cooking has been associated with lung cancer risk in retrospective case-control studies in developing and rural countries. We report the association of cooking conditions, fuel use, oil use, and risk of lung cancer in a developed urban population in a prospective cohort of women in Shanghai. A total of 71,320 never smoking women were followed from 1996 through 2009 and 429 incident lung cancer cases were identified. Questionnaires collected information on household living and cooking practices for the three most recent residences and utilization of cooking fuel and oil, and ventilation conditions. Cox proportional hazards regression estimated the association for kitchen ventilation conditions, cooking fuels, and use of cooking oils for the risk of lung cancer by hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Ever poor kitchen ventilation was associated with a 49% increase in lung cancer risk (HR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.15-1.95) compared to never poor ventilation. Ever use of coal was not significantly associated. However, ever coal use with poor ventilation (HR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.22-2.35) and 20 or more years of using coal with poor ventilation (HR: 2.03; 95% CI: 1.35-3.05) was significantly associated compared to no exposure to coal or poor ventilation. Cooking oil use was not significantly associated. These results demonstrate that IAP from poor ventilation of coal combustion increases the risk of lung cancer and is an important public health issue in cities across China where people may have lived in homes with inadequate kitchen ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Kim
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiao-ou Shu
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bu-Tian Ji
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Jie Seow
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bryan Bassig
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Claxton LD. The history, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of carbon-based fuels and their emissions: Part 5. Summary, comparisons, and conclusions. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2015; 763:103-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Cai Z, Xu D, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Ngai SM, Shao J. Classification of lung cancer using ensemble-based feature selection and machine learning methods. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 11:791-800. [PMID: 25512221 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00659c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. There are three major types of lung cancers, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and carcinoid. NSCLC is further classified into lung adenocarcinoma (LADC), squamous cell lung cancer (SQCLC) as well as large cell lung cancer. Many previous studies demonstrated that DNA methylation has emerged as potential lung cancer-specific biomarkers. However, whether there exists a set of DNA methylation markers simultaneously distinguishing such three types of lung cancers remains elusive. In the present study, ROC (Receiving Operating Curve), RFs (Random Forests) and mRMR (Maximum Relevancy and Minimum Redundancy) were proposed to capture the unbiased, informative as well as compact molecular signatures followed by machine learning methods to classify LADC, SQCLC and SCLC. As a result, a panel of 16 DNA methylation markers exhibits an ideal classification power with an accuracy of 86.54%, 84.6% and a recall 84.37%, 85.5% in the leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) and independent data set test experiments, respectively. Besides, comparison results indicate that ensemble-based feature selection methods outperform individual ones when combined with the incremental feature selection (IFS) strategy in terms of the informative and compact property of features. Taken together, results obtained suggest the effectiveness of the ensemble-based feature selection approach and the possible existence of a common panel of DNA methylation markers among such three types of lung cancer tissue, which would facilitate clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Cai
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Yang SZ, Ji WH, Mao WM, Ling ZQ. Elevated levels of preoperative circulating CD44⁺ lymphocytes and neutrophils predict poor survival for non-small cell lung cancer patients. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 439:172-7. [PMID: 25451952 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Certain circulating cells have been shown to predict the clinical outcome of several cancers. The objective of this study was to identify clinical, hematological and immunological predictors of prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. METHODS A retrospective study on a prevalent cohort of 225 NSCLC patients hospitalized at the Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital (ZPCH) was conducted from August 1, 2006 to April 15, 2008. Circulating lymphocytes were measured by flow cytometry. WBC count and classification in peripheral blood were measured with a Coulter counter. We calculated the proportion of patients surviving after first hospital admission and hazard ratios (HR) using the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS Elevated levels of preoperative circulating CD44(+) lymphocytes, WBCs and neutrophils indicated low cumulative survival. Clinical stage (HR: 2.292; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.34-3.91, P=0.002), neutrophils (HR: 1.877; 95% CI: 1.34-2.62, P<0.001) and CD44(+) lymphocytes (HR: 1.018; 95% CI: 1.00-1.03, P=0.002) are independent predictors of survival in NSCLC patients, respectively. Elevated levels of CD44(+) lymphocytes and neutrophils correlated with distant metastasis and prognosis in NSCLC patients with stage III/IV, respectively. CONCLUSIONS CD44(+) lymphocytes along with neutrophils could serve as an independent prognostic marker for NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Zhou Yang
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, No. 38 Guangji Rd., Banshanqiao District, Hangzhou 310022, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Hao Ji
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, No. 38 Guangji Rd., Banshanqiao District, Hangzhou 310022, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Min Mao
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, No. 38 Guangji Rd., Banshanqiao District, Hangzhou 310022, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Ling
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, No. 38 Guangji Rd., Banshanqiao District, Hangzhou 310022, P.R. China.
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Heymann JJ, Bulman WA, Maxfield RA, Powell CA, Halmos B, Sonett J, Beaubier NT, Crapanzano JP, Mansukhani MM, Saqi A. Molecular testing guidelines for lung adenocarcinoma: Utility of cell blocks and concordance between fine-needle aspiration cytology and histology samples. Cytojournal 2014; 11:12. [PMID: 24987443 PMCID: PMC4058904 DOI: 10.4103/1742-6413.132989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is a leading cause of mortality, and patients often present at a late stage. More recently, advances in screening, diagnosing, and treating lung cancer have been made. For instance, greater numbers of minimally invasive procedures are being performed, and identification of lung adenocarcinoma driver mutations has led to the implementation of targeted therapies. Advances in molecular techniques enable use of scant tissue, including cytology specimens. In addition, per recently published consensus guidelines, cytology-derived cell blocks (CBs) are preferred over direct smears. Yet, limited comparison of molecular testing of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) CBs and corresponding histology specimens has been performed. This study aimed to establish concordance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) virus homolog testing between FNA CBs and histology samples from the same patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients for whom molecular testing for EGFR or KRAS was performed on both FNA CBs and histology samples containing lung adenocarcinoma were identified retrospectively. Following microdissection, when necessary, concordance of EGFR and KRAS molecular testing results between FNA CBs and histology samples was evaluated. RESULTS EGFR and/or KRAS testing was performed on samples obtained from 26 patients. Concordant results were obtained for all EGFR (22/22) and KRAS (17/17) mutation analyses performed. CONCLUSIONS Identification of mutations in lung adenocarcinomas affects clinical decision-making, and it is important that results from small samples be accurate. This study demonstrates that molecular testing on cytology CBs is as sensitive and specific as that on histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas J Heymann
- Address: Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Departments of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - William A Bulman
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Roger A Maxfield
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Charles A Powell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Balazs Halmos
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Joshua Sonett
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nike T Beaubier
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago IL 60611, USA
| | - John P Crapanzano
- Address: Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Departments of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mahesh M Mansukhani
- Address: Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Departments of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anjali Saqi
- Address: Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Departments of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Jiang P, Yu GY, Zhang Y, Xiang Y, Hua HR, Bian L, Wang CY, Lee WH, Zhang Y. Down-regulation of protease-activated receptor 4 in lung adenocarcinoma is associated with a more aggressive phenotype. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:3793-8. [PMID: 23886184 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.6.3793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of protease-activated receptors (PARs) in lung tumors is controversial. Although PAR4 is preferentially expressed in human lung tissues, its possible significance in lung cancer has not been defined. The studies reported herein used a combination of clinical observations and molecular methods. Surgically resected lung adenocarcinomas and associated adjacent normal lung tissues were collected and BEAS-2B and NCI-H157 cell lines were grown in tissue culture. PAR4 expression was evaluated by RT-PCR, RT-qPCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. The results showed that PAR4 mRNA expression was generally decreased in lung adenocarcinoma tissues as compared with matched noncancerous tissues (67.7%) and was associated with poor differentiation (p=0.017) and metastasis (p=0.04). Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis also showed that PAR4 protein levels were mostly decreased in lung adenocarcinoma tissues (61.3%), and were also associated with poor differentiation (p=0.035) and clinical stage (p=0.027). Moreover, PAR4 expression was decreased in NCI-H157 cells as compared with BEAS-2B cells. In conclusion, PAR4 expression is significantly decreased in lung adenocarcinoma, and down-regulation of PAR4 is associated with a more clinically aggressive phenotype. PAR4 may acts as a tumor suppressor in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Gyöngyi Z, Budán F, Szabó I, Ember I, Kiss I, Krempels K, Somlyai I, Somlyai G. Deuterium depleted water effects on survival of lung cancer patients and expression of Kras, Bcl2, and Myc genes in mouse lung. Nutr Cancer 2013; 65:240-6. [PMID: 23441611 PMCID: PMC3613976 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.756533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Although advances in cancer therapies continue to develop, the shortness of the survival of lung cancer patients is still disappointing. Therefore, finding new adjuvant strategies is within the focus of cancer cure. Based on observations that deuterium depletion inhibits the growth of cancer cell lines and suppresses certain proto-oncogenes, we have conducted a clinical study in 129 patients with small cell and nonsmall cell lung cancers who consumed deuterium-depleted drinking water (DDW) as a nontoxic agent in addition to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Median survival time (MST) was 25.9 mo in males and 74.1 mo in female patients; the difference between genders was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Median survival of subjects with brain metastasis was 27.1 mo. Cumulative 5-yr survival probabilities were 19%, 52%, and 33% in males, females, and all patients with brain metastasis, respectively. Gene expression analysis in mouse lung indicated that DDW attenuates 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced expression of Bcl2, Kras, and Myc in females. In conclusion, DDW counteracts the DMBA-induced overexpression of Bcl2, Kras and Myc genes in mouse lung, and it may extend survival of lung cancer patients as a nontoxic anticancer dietary supplement, especially for women with tumors overexpressing cancer-related genes, because MST of DDW-consuming group was 2-4 times longer than it is generally observed in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Gyöngyi
- Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
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Association of IL-8 gene polymorphisms with non small cell lung cancer in Tunisia: A case control study. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:1368-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Hu MD, Xu JC, Fan Y, Xie QC, Li Q, Zhou CX, Mao M, Yang Y. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 promoter-induced JAB1 overexpression enhances chemotherapeutic sensitivity of lung cancer cell line A549 in an anoxic environment. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:2115-20. [PMID: 22901179 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.5.2115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of lung cancer cells in anoxic zones is a key cause od chemotherapeutic resistance. Thus, it is necessary to enhance the sensitivity of such lung cancer cells. However, loss of efficient gene therapeutic targeting and inefficient objective gene expression in the anoxic zone in lung cancer are dilemmas. In the present study, a eukaryotic expression plasmid pUC57-HRE-JAB1 driven by a hypoxia response elements promoter was constructed and introduced into lung cancer cell line A549. The cells were then exposed to a chemotherapeutic drug cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (C-DDP). qRT-PCR and western blotting were used to determine the mRNA and protein level and flow cytometry to examine the cell cycle and apoptosis of A549 transfected pUC57-HRE-JAB1. The results showed that JAB1 gene in the A549 was overexpressed after the transfection, cell proliferation being arrested in G1 phase and the apoptosis ratio significantly increased. Importantly, introduction of pUC57-HRE-JAB1 significantly increased the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of A549 in an anoxic environment. In conclusion, JAB1 overexpression might provide a novel strategy to overcome chemotherapeutic resistance in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Dong Hu
- Institute of Respiration, Department of Tumors, the Second Affiliated Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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De Geer A, Eriksson J, Finnern HW. A cross-country review of data collected on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in cancer registries, databases, retrospective and non-randomized prospective studies. J Med Econ 2013; 16:134-49. [PMID: 22702446 DOI: 10.3111/13696998.2012.703631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An increased number of pharmacotherapies exist to treat advanced NSCLC. This necessitates a review of the available information on routine-care treatment patterns, the outcome of treatment, and resource utilization for patients diagnosed and treated with advanced NSCLC that could inform evidence-based treatment decisions and aid decisions on the most cost-effective treatment alternatives. METHODS PubMed and the Health Economic Evaluations Database were searched for retrospective or non-randomized prospective studies between January 2000 and May 2012 that included information on treatment patterns, treatment outcomes including health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL), and resource utilization. In addition, registries and databases were identified from retrieved publications and internet searches. Data collected in registries and databases was summarized for eight European countries (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Turkey, the Netherlands, the UK), Australia, and Canada. RESULTS The literature search resulted in 410 studies, whereof 87 studies met the study inclusion criteria. In total, 49 were retrospective chart reviews or database analyses, 30 non-randomized prospective studies, and eight HRQoL studies. Two studies compared treatment patterns and/or treatment outcomes across countries. Altogether, 181 cancer registries in the countries studied were identified. Clinical cancer-specific patient registries were identified in Australia and Germany. Databases or linkage systems that enable retrieval of complete information of patient disease history were found in Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the UK. Cancer registries and databases were found to collect information on NSCLC patient demographics, NSCLC or lung cancer diagnosis, disease stage, performance status, treatment, treatment outcomes, and resource use. Differences existed between country registries and databases in whether information was collected on each of these data points. CONCLUSION The literature review revealed few published NSCLC studies on treatment, treatment outcomes, and resource use in routine clinical practice and on HRQoL. Registries and databases were found to collect some of this information, however not systematically.
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Karimi-Shahri M, Ghazvini K, Boroumand-Noughabi S, Jafarian A, Omidi-Ashrafi A, Mohamadian-Roshan N. Association of Epstein Barr virus deoxyribonucleic acid with lung carcinoma. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2013; 56:359-64. [DOI: 10.4103/0377-4929.125290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Expression patterns of USP22 and potential targets BMI-1, PTEN, p-AKT in non-small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2012; 77:593-9. [PMID: 22717106 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2012.05.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent researches document that an oncogenic role of USP22 activation may contribute to progression and predict the prognosis. We have reported that USP22 mediates cell survival and proliferation by promoting the expression of BMI-1 and upregulation of activated AKT pathway in colon cancer cells. However, little is known about its mechanisms in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here the authors investigated the significance of activation of USP22 and potential targets BMI-1, PTEN and phospho-AKT (p-AKT) in NSCLC. METHODS Expression levels of USP22, BMI-1, PTEN and p-AKT in samples from 114 patients with NSCLC were evaluated immunohistochemically using the tissue microarray method. Clinical significance was analyzed by multivariate Cox regression analysis, Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test. RESULTS Immunohistochemically, USP22, BMI-1, p-AKT and PTEN were positive in 66.66%, 78.07%, 71.92% and 43.85% of NSCLC samples, respectively. Statistical correlation analysis showed USP22 to be significantly correlated with BMI-1 (r=0.315, P=0.001), p-AKT (r=0.271, P=0.003), and PTEN (r=-0.384, P<0.0001). NSCLCs with positive expression of USP22, BMI-1, p-AKT, and negative expression of PTEN were significantly correlated to tumor size (P=0.0240), differentiation (P=0.0457), pT classification (P=0.0077), pN classification (P=0.0064), and AJCC stage (P=0.0363) and poor overall survival (P<0.001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis showed that the combined 4 markers was the independent prognostic indicator of overall survival (P<0.001; HR, 5.974; 95% CI, 3.307-10.791). CONCLUSIONS The simultaneous targeting of USP22, and its downstream signal transduction molecules seem highly informative in stratification of the cancer into subgroups with distinct likelihood of therapy failure, which contribute to make decision process regarding the individualized therapy selection and optimization.
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Othman NH. Honey and cancer: sustainable inverse relationship particularly for developing nations-a review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2012; 2012:410406. [PMID: 22761637 PMCID: PMC3385631 DOI: 10.1155/2012/410406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Honey and cancer has a sustainable inverse relationship. Carcinogenesis is a multistep process and has multifactorial causes. Among these are low immune status, chronic infection, chronic inflammation, chronic non healing ulcers, obesity, and so forth. There is now a sizeable evidence that honey is a natural immune booster, natural anti-inflammatory agent, natural antimicrobial agent, natural cancer "vaccine," and natural promoter for healing chronic ulcers and wounds. Though honey has substances of which the most predominant is a mixture of sugars, which itself is thought to be carcinogenic, it is understandable that its beneficial effect as anticancer agent raises skeptics. The positive scientific evidence for anticancer properties of honey is growing. The mechanism on how honey has anticancer effect is an area of great interest. Among the mechanisms suggested are inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and cell-cycle arrest. Honey and cancer has sustainable inverse relationship in the setting of developing nations where resources for cancer prevention and treatment are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Hayati Othman
- Department of Pathology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
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Shao F, Zhang R, Don L, Ying K. Overexpression of gelsolin-like actin-capping protein is associated with progression of lung adenocarcinoma. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2012; 225:95-101. [PMID: 21908955 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.225.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gelsolin-like actin-capping protein (CapG), a ubiquitous actin-binding protein, has been shown to play a critical role in regulating the migration ability of cells. In this study, we investigated CapG expression in lung cancer cell lines under hypoxia and evaluated the effect of CapG on the migration ability of these cells. We also analyzed the expression of CapG in a total of 75 patients with lung adenocarcinoma by immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that hypoxia increased the expression of CapG in the human lung cancer cell lines, A549 and H358. Knockdown of CapG expression with small interfering RNA led to a decrease in the migration ability of these cell lines. These results indicate that CapG expression is upregulated in lung cancer cell lines under hypoxia and that CapG may contribute to the migration ability of lung cancer cells. Moreover, the excised lung adenocarcinoma tissues showed significantly increased immunoreactivity for CapG, compared to the adjacent tumor-free tissues. Importantly, overexpression of CapG is significantly associated with male sex (χ(2) = 5.195, p = 0.033) and lymph node metastasis (χ(2) = 5.58, p = 0.021). Likewise, CapG overexpression was observed with advanced tumor stages (III and IV, 16/31), compared with early tumor stages (I and II, 14/44), but the difference was not statistically significant. These results suggest that overexpression of CapG may be associated with progression of lung adenocarcinoma. In conclusion, CapG may be a promising target for therapy and a potential biomarker for predicting the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangchun Shao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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Stella GM, Luisetti M, Inghilleri S, Cemmi F, Scabini R, Zorzetto M, Pozzi E. Targeting EGFR in non-small-cell lung cancer: Lessons, experiences, strategies. Respir Med 2012; 106:173-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2010] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Gonzalez-Avila G, Sommer B, Mendoza-Posada DA, Delgado J, Aquino-Galvez A, Ramos C. Gelatinase Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinases During First-Line Chemotherapy in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients: An Initial Approach. Lung 2011; 190:99-104. [DOI: 10.1007/s00408-011-9336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Increased lung cancer risk among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: a population cohort study. J Thorac Oncol 2011; 6:32-7. [PMID: 21150470 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e3181fb4fcc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Given one third of the human population have been infected with tuberculosis, it is important to delineate the relationship between tuberculosis and lung cancer. This study explored whether contracting pulmonary tuberculosis is associated with an increased risk of developing lung cancers. METHODS In a cohort of 716,872 insured subjects, free from cancers, aged 20 years and older, 4480 patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis were identified from the universal insurance claims in 1998-2000 and tracked until 2007 with the remaining insured without tuberculosis. We compared the incidence of lung cancers between the two cohorts and measured the associated hazard of developing lung cancer. RESULTS The incidence of lung cancers was approximately 11-fold higher in the cohort of patients with tuberculosis than nontuberculosis subjects (26.3 versus 2.41 per 10,000 person-years). Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed a hazard ratio of 4.37 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.56-5.36) for the tuberculosis cohort after adjustment for the sociodemographic variables or 3.32 (95% CI: 2.70-4.09) after further adjustment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), smoking-related cancers (other than lung cancer), etc. The hazard ratio increased to 6.22 (95% CI: 4.87-7.94) with the combined effect with COPD or to 15.5 (95% CI: 2.17-110) with the combined effect with other smoking-related cancers. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a compelling evidence of increased lung cancer risk among individuals with tuberculosis. The risk may increase further with coexisting COPD or other smoking-related cancers.
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Molecular epidemiology of female lung cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:1861-76. [PMID: 24212786 PMCID: PMC3757394 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3021861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is still a leading cause of cancer mortality in the world. The incidence of lung cancer in developed countries started to decrease mainly due to global anti-smoking campaigns. However, the incidence of lung cancer in women has been increasing in recent decades for various reasons. Furthermore, since the screening of lung cancer is not as yet very effective, clinically applicable molecular markers for early diagnosis are much required. Lung cancer in women appears to have differences compared with that in men, in terms of histologic types and susceptibility to environmental risk factors. This suggests that female lung cancer can be derived by carcinogenic mechanisms different from those involved in male lung cancer. Among female lung cancer patients, many are non-smokers, which could be studied to identify alternative carcinogenic mechanisms independent from smoking-related ones. In this paper, we reviewed molecular susceptibility markers and genetic changes in lung cancer tissues observed in female lung cancer patients, which have been validated by various studies and will be helpful to understand the tumorigenesis of lung cancer.
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Butler MW, Fukui T, Salit J, Shaykhiev R, Mezey JG, Hackett NR, Crystal RG. Modulation of cystatin A expression in human airway epithelium related to genotype, smoking, COPD, and lung cancer. Cancer Res 2011; 71:2572-81. [PMID: 21325429 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-2046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cathepsin inhibitor Cystatin A (CSTA) has antiapoptotic properties linked with neoplastic changes in squamous cell epithelium, where it has been proposed as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of lung cancer. Notably, cystatin A is upregulated in dysplastic epithelium, prompting us to hypothesize that it might be modulated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a small airway epithelial (SAE) disorder that is a risk factor for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a subset of smokers. Here we report that genetic variation, smoking, and COPD can all elevate levels of CSTA expression in lung small airway epithelia, with still further upregulation in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), an NSCLC subtype. We examined SAE gene expression in 178 individuals, including healthy nonsmokers (n = 60), healthy smokers (n = 82), and COPD smokers (n = 36), with corresponding large airway epithelium (LAE) data included in a subset of subjects (n = 52). Blood DNA was genotyped by SNP microarray. Twelve SNPs upstream of the CSTA gene were found to associate with its expression in SAE. Levels were higher in COPD smokers than in healthy smokers, who, in turn, had higher levels than nonsmokers. CSTA gene expression in LAE was also smoking-responsive. Using publicly available NSCLC expression data we also found that CSTA was upregulated in SCC versus LAE and downregulated in adenocarcinoma versus smoke-exposed SAE. All phenotypes were associated with different proportional expression of CSTA to cathepsins. Our findings establish that genetic variability, smoking, and COPD all influence CSTA expression, as does SCC, supporting the concept that CSTA may make pivotal contributions to NSCLC pathogenesis in both early and late stages of disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus W Butler
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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Cáncer de pulmón en mujeres, comparativo con hombres: análisis de los casos diagnosticados en el Complexo Hospitalario de Ourense entre 1999 y 2006. Arch Bronconeumol 2011; 47:61-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Lung Cancer in Women: a Comparison with Men and an Analysis of Cases Diagnosed in Ourense (Spain) 1999–2006. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1579-2129(11)70015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Haïdara K, Alachkar A, Moustafa AEA. Teucrium polium plant extract provokes significant cell death in human lung cancer cells. Health (London) 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2011.36062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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van Loon B, Markkanen E, Hübscher U. Oxygen as a friend and enemy: How to combat the mutational potential of 8-oxo-guanine. DNA Repair (Amst) 2010; 9:604-16. [PMID: 20399712 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of genetic stability is of crucial importance for any form of life. Prior to cell division in each mammalian cell, the process of DNA replication must faithfully duplicate the three billion bases with an absolute minimum of mistakes. Various environmental and endogenous agents, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), can modify the structural properties of DNA bases and thus damage the DNA. Upon exposure of cells to oxidative stress, an often generated and highly mutagenic DNA damage is 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-guanine (8-oxo-G). The estimated steady-state level of 8-oxo-G lesions is about 10(3) per cell/per day in normal tissues and up to 10(5) lesions per cell/per day in cancer tissues. The presence of 8-oxo-G on the replicating strand leads to frequent (10-75%) misincorporations of adenine opposite the lesion (formation of A:8-oxo-G mispairs), subsequently resulting in C:G to A:T transversion mutations. These mutations are among the most predominant somatic mutations in lung, breast, ovarian, gastric and colorectal cancers. Thus, in order to reduce the mutational burden of ROS, human cells have evolved base excision repair (BER) pathways ensuring (i) the correct and efficient repair of A:8-oxo-G mispairs and (ii) the removal of 8-oxo-G lesions from the genome. Very recently it was shown that MutY glycosylase homologue (MUTYH) and DNA polymerase lambda play a crucial role in the accurate repair of A:8-oxo-G mispairs. Here we review the importance of accurate BER of 8-oxo-G damage and its regulation in prevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara van Loon
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Sox2 protein expression is an independent poor prognostic indicator in stage I lung adenocarcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2010; 34:1193-8. [PMID: 20631605 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e3181e5e024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Many patients with stage I nonsmall cell lung carcinoma will develop recurrence after surgical excision. Sox2 is a marker of embryonic stem cell pluripotency that is associated with aggressive tumor behavior and is expressed in a subset of lung adenocarcinomas. We hypothesized that Sox2 expression may provide prognostic information in early stage lung adenocarcinomas. We evaluated formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from 104 stage I lung adenocarcinomas resected between 1997 and 2000. Sox2 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and compared with clinicopathologic features, time-to-progression, and overall survival (OS). Sox2 expression was detected in 50% of the cases and was more frequent in tumors from older and male patients but not significantly associated with smoking status, tumor stage, grade, or histologic subtype. Compared with Sox2-negative tumors, Sox2 expression predicted a shorter time-to-progression (49% vs. 82% at 5 y; P=0.0006) and shorter OS (54% vs. 79% at 5 y; P=0.004). By multivariate analysis, Sox2 expression predicted a greater risk of progression among men [hazard ratio (HR) 5.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.3-13.8] and women (HR 2.1; 95% CI 0.8-5.7). Sox2 expression was associated with significantly shorter OS among men (HR 2.5; 95% CI 1.2-5.1), but not in women. Sox2 seems to be an independent predictor of poor outcome in stage I lung adenocarcinomas and may help stratify patients at increased risk for recurrence.
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Clément-Duchêne C, Vignaud JM, Stoufflet A, Bertrand O, Gislard A, Thiberville L, Grosdidier G, Martinet Y, Benichou J, Hainaut P, Paris C. Characteristics of never smoker lung cancer including environmental and occupational risk factors. Lung Cancer 2010; 67:144-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2008] [Revised: 01/25/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Takahashi H, Ogata H, Nishigaki R, Broide DH, Karin M. Tobacco smoke promotes lung tumorigenesis by triggering IKKbeta- and JNK1-dependent inflammation. Cancer Cell 2010; 17:89-97. [PMID: 20129250 PMCID: PMC2818776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to tobacco smoke, which contains over 60 tumor-initiating carcinogens, is the major risk factor for development of lung cancer, accounting for a large portion of cancer-related deaths worldwide. It is well established that tobacco smoke is a tumor initiator, but we asked whether it also acts as a tumor promoter once malignant initiation, such as caused by K-ras activation, has taken place. Here we demonstrate that repetitive exposure to tobacco smoke promotes tumor development both in carcinogen-treated mice and in transgenic mice undergoing sporadic K-ras activation in lung epithelial cells. Tumor promotion is due to induction of inflammation that results in enhanced pneumocyte proliferation and is abrogated by IKKbeta ablation in myeloid cells or inactivation of JNK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0723, USA
| | - Hisanobu Ogata
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0723, USA
| | - Reiko Nishigaki
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0723, USA
| | - David H. Broide
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0723, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0723, USA
- Correspondence: , Michael Karin, Telephone: 858-534-1361, Fax: 858-534-8158
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Pleasance ED, Stephens PJ, O'Meara S, McBride DJ, Meynert A, Jones D, Lin ML, Beare D, Lau KW, Greenman C, Varela I, Nik-Zainal S, Davies HR, Ordoñez GR, Mudie LJ, Latimer C, Edkins S, Stebbings L, Chen L, Jia M, Leroy C, Marshall J, Menzies A, Butler A, Teague JW, Mangion J, Sun YA, McLaughlin SF, Peckham HE, Tsung EF, Costa GL, Lee CC, Minna JD, Gazdar A, Birney E, Rhodes MD, McKernan KJ, Stratton MR, Futreal PA, Campbell PJ. A small-cell lung cancer genome with complex signatures of tobacco exposure. Nature 2010; 463:184-90. [PMID: 20016488 PMCID: PMC2880489 DOI: 10.1038/nature08629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 812] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 10/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is driven by mutation. Worldwide, tobacco smoking is the principal lifestyle exposure that causes cancer, exerting carcinogenicity through >60 chemicals that bind and mutate DNA. Using massively parallel sequencing technology, we sequenced a small-cell lung cancer cell line, NCI-H209, to explore the mutational burden associated with tobacco smoking. A total of 22,910 somatic substitutions were identified, including 134 in coding exons. Multiple mutation signatures testify to the cocktail of carcinogens in tobacco smoke and their proclivities for particular bases and surrounding sequence context. Effects of transcription-coupled repair and a second, more general, expression-linked repair pathway were evident. We identified a tandem duplication that duplicates exons 3-8 of CHD7 in frame, and another two lines carrying PVT1-CHD7 fusion genes, indicating that CHD7 may be recurrently rearranged in this disease. These findings illustrate the potential for next-generation sequencing to provide unprecedented insights into mutational processes, cellular repair pathways and gene networks associated with cancer.
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Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide. Although the rise and growing epidemic status of lung cancer are overwhelmingly attributed to tobacco use, its rank in nonsmokers as the seventh most common cause of cancer worldwide suggests that other factors contribute to this disease. The majority of lung cancers among nonsmokers occur in women. Aside from geographic, cultural, and genetic differences, hormonal and possibly infectious factors also may play etiologic roles. This review aims to discuss the epidemiology of lung cancer in women, as well as the incidence of second primaries, and presents current opinions on the myriad of causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L. Egleston
- Department of Biostatistics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Sibele I. Meireles
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Douglas B. Flieder
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Margie L. Clapper
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111
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Abstract
Background: Brain metastases (BM) constitute the most common intracranial tumours and are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Population-based studies of the epidemiology and time trends of BM are scarce. Methods: A population-based cohort of patients admitted to hospital with BM in Sweden between 1987 and 2006 (n=15 517) was identified and linked to nationwide registers of cancer incidence and death. Primary cancer types were assessed and time to hospitalisation and death was computed. Results: The annual age-adjusted incidence rate of hospitalisation for BM doubled from 7 to 14 patients per 100 000 between 1987 and 2006. The most common primary tumours among women were lung (33%), breast (33%) and colorectal cancer (7%), and among men lung cancer (44%), malignant melanoma (12%) and colorectal cancer (9%). The increase was most evident for BM patients with lung cancer (both sexes) and breast cancer (women). Survival was short, with a median of 2.7 months. It varied little by cancer type and did not improve over calendar time. Conclusion: The number of patients admitted with BM has increased rapidly in Sweden. In spite of recent improvements in the prognosis of common primary cancer types, any parallel improvement among patients with advanced cancer and BM is not indicated.
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Differential contribution of genetic variation in multiple brain nicotinic cholinergic receptors to nicotine dependence: recent progress and emerging open questions. Mol Psychiatry 2009; 14:912-45. [PMID: 19564872 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2009.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine dependence (ND), a major public health challenge, is a complex, multifactorial behavior, in which both genetic and environmental factors have a role. Brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-encoding genes are among the most prominent candidate genes studied in the context of ND, because of their biological relevance as binding sites for nicotine. Until recently, most research on the role of nAChRs in ND has focused on two of these genes (encoding the alpha4- and beta2-subunits) and not much attention has been paid to the possible contribution of the other nine brain nAChR subunit genes (alpha2-alpha3, alpha5-alpha7, alpha9-alpha10, beta3-beta4) to the pathophysiology and genetics of ND. This situation has changed dramatically in the last 2 years during which intensive research had addressed the issue, mainly from the genetics perspective, and has shown the importance of the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 and CHRNA6-CHRNB3 loci in ND-related phenotypes. In this review, we highlight recent findings regarding the contribution of non-alpha4/beta2-subunit containing nAChRs to ND, based on several lines of evidence: (1) human genetics studies (including linkage analysis, candidate-gene association studies and whole-genome association studies) of several ND-related phenotypes; (2) differential pharmacological and biochemical properties of receptors containing these subunits; (3) evidence from genetically manipulated mice; and (4) the contribution of nAChR genes to ND-related personality traits and neurocognitive profiles. Combining neurobiological genetic and behavioral perspectives, we suggest that genetic susceptibility to ND is not linked to one or two specific nAChR subtype genes but to several. In particular, the alpha3, alpha5-6 and beta3-4 nAChR subunit-encoding genes may play a much more pivotal role in the neurobiology and genetics of ND than was appreciated earlier. At the functional level, variants in these subunit genes (most likely regulatory) may have independent as well as interactive contributions to the ND phenotype spectrum. We address methodological challenges in the field, highlight open questions and suggest possible pathways for future research.
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