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Yokoyama M, Katsumata-Kato O, Fujita-Yoshigaki J. Acinar Cell Proliferation Promoted by BMP2 in Injured Mouse Parotid Gland: BMP2 Promotes Cell Proliferation in Parotid Gland. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:1765317. [PMID: 37033127 PMCID: PMC10081898 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1765317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. To identify factors that affect salivary gland recovery, we investigated the expression and function of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) in mice. Materials and Methods. Using a micro clip, mice parotid glands were removed 7 days after the ligation of the unilateral parotid excretory duct. Thereafter, they were weighed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and BMP2 expression was examined via real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Primary cultures of parotid glands were prepared, and BMP2 protein was added to the culture medium for 48 hr to examine its effect on cell proliferation. E-cadherin and vimentin expression was examined using western blotting. Finally, immunohistochemical staining using an anti-Ki67 antibody was performed. Results. Duct-ligated parotid glands weighed less than those that were collected after sham surgery and showed acinar cell atrophy. They also showed higher BMP2 expression than control glands. Primary-cultured parotid acinar cells supplemented with BMP2 showed higher proliferative potential than control cells. Furthermore, they showed E-cadherin, but not vimentin, expression, and their percentage of Ki67-positive cells were higher than that corresponding to the controls. Conclusions. Injury to salivary glands by excretory duct ligation increased BMP2 expression, which may be involved in maintaining salivary gland function by inducing acinar cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Yokoyama
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Osamu Katsumata-Kato
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
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Piraino LR, Benoit DSW, DeLouise LA. Salivary Gland Tissue Engineering Approaches: State of the Art and Future Directions. Cells 2021; 10:1723. [PMID: 34359893 PMCID: PMC8303463 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland regeneration is important for developing treatments for radiation-induced xerostomia, Sjögren's syndrome, and other conditions that cause dry mouth. Culture conditions adopted from tissue engineering strategies have been used to recapitulate gland structure and function to study and regenerate the salivary glands. The purpose of this review is to highlight current trends in the field, with an emphasis on soluble factors that have been shown to improve secretory function in vitro. A PubMed search was conducted to identify articles published in the last 10 years and articles were evaluated to identify the most promising approaches and areas for further research. Results showed increasing use of extracellular matrix mimetics, such as Matrigel®, collagen, and a variety of functionalized polymers. Soluble factors that provide supportive cues, including fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and neurotrophic factors, as well as chemical inhibitors of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and transforming growth factor β receptor (TGFβR) have shown increases in important markers including aquaporin 5 (Aqp5); muscle, intestine, and stomach expression 1 (Mist1); and keratin (K5). However, recapitulation of tissue function at in vivo levels is still elusive. A focus on identification of soluble factors, cells, and/or matrix cues tested in combination may further increase the maintenance of salivary gland secretory function in vitro. These approaches may also be amenable for translation in vivo to support successful regeneration of dysfunctional glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay R. Piraino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; (L.R.P.); (D.S.W.B.)
| | - Danielle S. W. Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; (L.R.P.); (D.S.W.B.)
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Lisa A. DeLouise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; (L.R.P.); (D.S.W.B.)
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Fujita-Yoshigaki J, Yokoyama M, Katsumata-Kato O. Switching of cargo sorting from the constitutive to regulated secretory pathway by the addition of cystatin D sequence in salivary acinar cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 319:G74-G86. [PMID: 32538138 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00103.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism for segregation of cargo proteins into the regulated and constitutive secretory pathways in exocrine cells remains to be elucidated. We examined the transport of HaloTag proteins fused with full-length cystatin D (fCst5-Halo) or only its signal peptide (ssCst5-Halo) in parotid acinar cells. Although both fusion proteins were observed to be colocalized with amylase in the secretory granules, the coefficients for overlapping and correlation of fCst5-Halo with amylase were higher than those of ssCst5-Halo. The secretion of both the proteins was enhanced by the addition of the β-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol as well as endogenous amylase. In contrast, unstimulated secretion of ssCst5-Halo without isoproterenol was significantly higher than that of fCst5-Halo and amylase. Simulation analysis using a mathematical model revealed that a large proportion of ssCst5-Halo was secreted through the constitutive pathway, whereas fCst5-Halo was transported into the secretory granules more efficiently. Precipitation of fCst5-Halo from cell lysates was increased at a low pH, which may mimic the milieu of the trans-Golgi networks. These data suggest that the addition of a full-length sequence of cystatin D facilitates efficient selective transport into the regulated pathway by aggregation at low pH in the trans-Golgi network.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The mechanism underlying the segregation of cargo proteins to the regulated and constitutive secretory pathways in exocrine cells remains to be solved. We analyzed unstimulated secretion in salivary acinar cells by performing double-labeling experiments using HaloTag technology and computer simulation. It revealed that the majority of HaloTag with only signal peptide sequence was secreted through the constitutive pathway and that the addition of a full-length cystatin D sequence changed its sorting to the regulated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Fujita-Yoshigaki
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan.,Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Megumi Yokoyama
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan.,Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Osamu Katsumata-Kato
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan.,Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
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Cong X, Kong W. Endothelial tight junctions and their regulatory signaling pathways in vascular homeostasis and disease. Cell Signal 2019; 66:109485. [PMID: 31770579 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial tight junctions (TJs) regulate the transport of water, ions, and molecules through the paracellular pathway, serving as an important barrier in blood vessels and maintaining vascular homeostasis. In endothelial cells (ECs), TJs are highly dynamic structures that respond to multiple external stimuli and pathological conditions. Alterations in the expression, distribution, and structure of endothelial TJs may lead to many related vascular diseases and pathologies. In this review, we provide an overview of the assessment methods used to evaluate endothelial TJ barrier function both in vitro and in vivo and describe the composition of endothelial TJs in diverse vascular systems and ECs. More importantly, the direct phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of TJ proteins by intracellular kinases and phosphatases, as well as the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of TJs, including and the protein kinase C (PKC), PKA, PKG, Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, are discussed. With great advances in this area, targeting endothelial TJs may provide novel treatment for TJ-related vascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China.
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Sakurai H, Yokoyama M, Katsumata-Kato O, Fujita-Yoshigaki J. Suppression of parotid acinar cell dysfunction by the free radical scavenger 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one. J Oral Sci 2019; 61:475-480. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.18-0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Sakurai
- Division of Cellular Physiology, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Megumi Yokoyama
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Osamu Katsumata-Kato
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Junko Fujita-Yoshigaki
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
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Fujita-Yoshigaki J, Matsuki-Fukushima M, Yokoyama M, Katsumata-Kato O. Sorting of a HaloTag protein that has only a signal peptide sequence into exocrine secretory granules without protein aggregation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 305:G685-96. [PMID: 24029466 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00093.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism involved in the sorting and accumulation of secretory cargo proteins, such as amylase, into secretory granules of exocrine cells remains to be solved. To clarify that sorting mechanism, we expressed a reporter protein HaloTag fused with partial sequences of salivary amylase protein in primary cultured parotid acinar cells. We found that a HaloTag protein fused with only the signal peptide sequence (Met(1)-Ala(25)) of amylase, termed SS25H, colocalized well with endogenous amylase, which was confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Percoll-density gradient centrifugation of secretory granule fractions shows that the distributions of amylase and SS25H were similar. These results suggest that SS25H is transported to secretory granules and is not discriminated from endogenous amylase by the machinery that functions to remove proteins other than granule cargo from immature granules. Another reporter protein, DsRed2, that has the same signal peptide sequence also colocalized with amylase, suggesting that the sorting to secretory granules is not dependent on a characteristic of the HaloTag protein. Whereas Blue Native PAGE demonstrates that endogenous amylase forms a high-molecular-weight complex, SS25H does not participate in the complex and does not form self-aggregates. Nevertheless, SS25H was released from cells by the addition of a β-adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol, which also induces amylase secretion. These results indicate that addition of the signal peptide sequence, which is necessary for the translocation in the endoplasmic reticulum, is sufficient for the transportation and storage of cargo proteins in secretory granules of exocrine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Fujita-Yoshigaki
- Dept. of Physiology, Nihon Univ., School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan.
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Abstract
The alveolar epithelium of the lung constitutes a unique interface with the outside environment. This thin barrier must maintain a surface for gas transfer while being continuously exposed to potentially hazardous environmental stimuli. Small differences in alveolar epithelial barrier properties could therefore have a large impact on disease susceptibility or outcome. Moreover, recent work has focused attention on the alveolar epithelium as central to several lung diseases, including acute lung injury and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Although relatively little is known about the function and regulation of claudin tight junction proteins in the lung, new evidence suggests that environmental stimuli can influence claudin expression and alveolar barrier function in human disease. This review considers recent advances in the understanding of the role of claudins in the breakdown of the alveolar epithelial barrier in disease and in epithelial repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Frank
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
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