1
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Bouchalova P, Bouchal P. Current methods for studying metastatic potential of tumor cells. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:394. [PMID: 36494720 PMCID: PMC9733110 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02801-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration and invasiveness significantly contribute to desirable physiological processes, such as wound healing or embryogenesis, as well as to serious pathological processes such as the spread of cancer cells to form tumor metastasis. The availability of appropriate methods for studying these processes is essential for understanding the molecular basis of cancer metastasis and for identifying suitable therapeutic targets for anti-metastatic treatment. This review summarizes the current status of these methods: In vitro methods for studying cell migration involve two-dimensional (2D) assays (wound-healing/scratch assay), and methods based on chemotaxis (the Dunn chamber). The analysis of both cell migration and invasiveness in vitro require more complex systems based on the Boyden chamber principle (Transwell migration/invasive test, xCELLigence system), or microfluidic devices with three-dimensional (3D) microscopy visualization. 3D culture techniques are rapidly becoming routine and involve multicellular spheroid invasion assays or array chip-based, spherical approaches, multi-layer/multi-zone culture, or organoid non-spherical models, including multi-organ microfluidic chips. The in vivo methods are mostly based on mice, allowing genetically engineered mice models and transplant models (syngeneic mice, cell line-derived xenografts and patient-derived xenografts including humanized mice models). These methods currently represent a solid basis for the state-of-the art research that is focused on understanding metastatic fundamentals as well as the development of targeted anti-metastatic therapies, and stratified treatment in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Bouchalova
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Bouchal
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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2
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Vanderwerff BR, Church KJ, Kawas LH, Harding JW. Comparative characterization of the HGF/Met and MSP/Ron systems in primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cytokine 2019; 123:154762. [PMID: 31254927 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis for which current standard chemotherapeutic treatments offer little survival benefit. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK)s have garnered interest as therapeutic targets to augment or replace standard chemotherapeutic treatments because of their ability to promote cell growth, migration, and survival in various cancers. Met and Ron, which are homologous RTKs activated by the ligands hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and macrophage stimulating protein (MSP), respectively, are over-activated and display synergistic malignant effects in several cancers. Despite the homology between Met and Ron, studies that have directly compared the functional outcomes of these systems in any context are limited. To address this, we sought to determine if the HGF/Met and MSP/Ron systems produce overlapping or divergent contributions towards a malignant phenotype by performing a characterization of MSP and HGF driven signaling, behavioral, and transcriptomic responses in a primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) cell line in vitro. The impact of dual Met and Ron expression signatures on the overall survival of PAAD patients was also assessed. We found HGF and MSP both encouraged PAAD cell migration, but only HGF increased proliferation. RNA sequencing revealed that the transcriptomic effects of MSP mimicked a narrow subset of the responses induced by HGF. Analysis of clinical data indicated that the strong prognostic value of Met expression in primary PAAD does not appear to be modulated by Ron expression. The relatively reduced magnitude of MSP-dependent effects on primary PAAD cells are consistent with the limited prognostic value of Ron expression in this cancer when compared to Met. Although HGF and MSP produced a differing breadth of responses in vitro, overlapping pro-cancer signaling, behavioral, and transcriptional effects still point to a potential role for the MSP/Ron system in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett R Vanderwerff
- Department of School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Kevin J Church
- Athira Pharma, Inc., 4000 Mason Rd Suite 300, Box 352141, Seattle, WA 98195-2141, USA.
| | - Leen H Kawas
- Athira Pharma, Inc., 4000 Mason Rd Suite 300, Box 352141, Seattle, WA 98195-2141, USA.
| | - Joseph W Harding
- Department of School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; Athira Pharma, Inc., 4000 Mason Rd Suite 300, Box 352141, Seattle, WA 98195-2141, USA; Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
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3
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Owusu BY, Bansal N, Venukadasula PKM, Ross LJ, Messick TE, Goel S, Galemmo RA, Klampfer L. Inhibition of pro-HGF activation by SRI31215, a novel approach to block oncogenic HGF/MET signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 7:29492-506. [PMID: 27121052 PMCID: PMC5045412 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The binding of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) to its receptor MET activates a signaling cascade that promotes cell survival, proliferation, cell scattering, migration and invasion of malignant cells. HGF is secreted by cancer cells or by tumor-associated fibroblasts as pro-HGF, an inactive precursor. A key step in the regulation of HGF/MET signaling is proteolytic processing of pro-HGF to its active form by one of the three serine proteases, matriptase, hepsin or HGF activator (HGFA).We developed SRI 31215, a small molecule that acts as a triplex inhibitor of matriptase, hepsin and HGFA and mimics the activity of HAI-1/2, endogenous inhibitors of HGF activation. We demonstrated that SRI 31215 inhibits fibroblast-induced MET activation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and migration of cancer cells. SRI 31215 overcomes primary resistance to cetuximab and gefitinib in HGF-producing colon cancer cells and prevents fibroblast-mediated resistance to EGFR inhibitors. Thus, SRI 31215 blocks signaling between cancer cells and fibroblasts and inhibits the tumor-promoting activity of cancer-associated fibroblasts.Aberrant HGF/MET signaling supports cell survival, proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastatic spread of cancer cells, establishing HGF and MET as valid therapeutic targets. Our data demonstrate that inhibitors of HGF activation, such as SRI 31215, merit investigation as potential therapeutics in tumors that are addicted to HGF/MET signaling. The findings reported here also indicate that inhibitors of HGF activation overcome primary and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR therapy, providing a rationale for concurrent inhibition of EGFR and HGF to prevent therapeutic resistance and to improve the outcome of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Y Owusu
- Department of Oncology, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Namita Bansal
- Department of Chemistry, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Larry J Ross
- High Throughput Screening, Southern Research, Drug Discovery Division, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Troy E Messick
- The Wistar Institute, Southern Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sanjay Goel
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Southern Research, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Robert A Galemmo
- Department of Chemistry, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lidija Klampfer
- Department of Oncology, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, USA
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4
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Chen PC, Tai HC, Lin TH, Wang SW, Lin CY, Chao CC, Yu HJ, Tsai YC, Lai YW, Lin CW, Tang CH. CCN3 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer via FAK/Akt/HIF-1α-induced twist expression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:74506-74518. [PMID: 29088803 PMCID: PMC5650358 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has received considerable attention as a conceptual paradigm for explaining metastatic behavior during cancer progression. NOV/CCN3 is a matrix-associated protein involved in many cellular functions. Previous studies have shown that CCN3 expression is upregulated in prostate cancer (PCa) cells and in PCa patients. In this study, we have provided evidence of tumor promoting effects of CCN3, which includes induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor metastasis. We used an orthotopic in vivo model to demonstrate the prometastatic effects of CCN3. Overexpression or knockdown of CCN3 changed the EMT phenotype in PCa cells. Moreover, treatment with recombinant CCN3 promoted EMT in PCa cells. We also found that CCN3 may promote EMT by activating the FAK/Akt/HIF-1α pathway and this activation is responsible for Twist expression. IHC staining confirmed a positive correlation between the expression of CCN3, Twist, and tumor stage in PCa tissue. Our findings provide insight into the involvement of CCN3 in the EMT regulation of prostate cancer. CCN3 is a promising molecular target that may contribute to a novel therapeutic strategy against metastatic PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Ching Tai
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Fu-Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Huang Lin
- Department of Urology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital Taichung Branch, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chia Chao
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jeng Yu
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Lai
- Division of Urology, Taipei City Hospital Renai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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5
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Hu WW, Chen PC, Chen JM, Wu YM, Liu PY, Lu CH, Lin YF, Tang CH, Chao CC. Periostin promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the MAPK/miR-381 axis in lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:62248-62260. [PMID: 28977942 PMCID: PMC5617502 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Periostin (POSTN, PN, or osteoblast-specific factor OSF-2) is a multifunctional cytokine that signals between the cell and the extracellular matrix. Periostin plays an important role in tumor development and is involved in carcinoma cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereby mature epithelial cells undergo phenotypic morphological changes and become invasive, motile cells. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in periostin-induced promotion of EMT in lung cancer cells. Online TCGA datasets demonstrate the prognostic relevance of periostin in lung cancer; a higher periostin level correlates with poor overall survival. Similarly, our IHC results show that high periostin expression is positively correlated with the EMT markers Snail and Twist, as well as stage of lung cancer. We found that recombinant periostin induces the EMT phenotype in lung cancer cells through the p38/ERK pathway, while pretreatment with chemical inhibitors prevented periostin-induced EMT induction. Moreover, we found that periostin regulates EMT by repressing microRNA-381 (miR-381) expression, which targets both Snail and Twist. Using the miR-381 mimic, we dramatically reversed periostin-induced Snail and Twist expression. Furthermore, periostin knockdown dramatically affected EMT markers and cell migration potential. The role of periostin in lung cancer progression is elucidated by the in vivo mouse model. Our findings indicate that changes in periostin expression in lung cancer may serve as a therapeutic target for the treatment of lung cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Dongyang People's Hospital, Dongyang, China
| | - Po-Chun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Ming Chen
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Ming Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Dongyang People's Hospital, Dongyang, China
| | - Po-Yi Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Lu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chia Chao
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
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6
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Greenall SA, Adams TE, Johns TG. Incomplete target neutralization by the anti-cancer antibody rilotumumab. MAbs 2016; 8:246-52. [PMID: 26750997 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1122149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The antibody rilotumumab, which has been tested in multiple Phase 2 and Phase 3 trials, has been reported to neutralize hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), the ligand for the oncogene MET. However, we report that rilotumumab does not prevent HGF from directly binding to MET on conventional and primary patient-derived human gliomasphere lines, a trait driven by the HGF α-chain, which remains free to engage cell-surface glycosaminoglycans and the receptor MET. This binding induces MET phosphorylation, initiates robust AKT and ERK signaling and potentiates biological effects such as cell scattering. This partial antagonism was highly exacerbated in the presence of activated epidermal growth factor receptor, which is common in several cancers. Hence, we confirm that rilotumumab is only a partial antagonist of HGF activity, a finding that has considerable implications for the therapeutic use of rilotumumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer A Greenall
- a Oncogenic Signalling Laboratory and Brain Cancer Discovery Collaborative, Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research , 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton , VIC 3168 , Australia.,b Monash University, Wellington Parade , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia.,c Biomedical Manufacturing Program, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation , 343 Royal Parade, Parkville , VIC 3052 , Australia
| | - Timothy E Adams
- c Biomedical Manufacturing Program, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation , 343 Royal Parade, Parkville , VIC 3052 , Australia
| | - Terrance G Johns
- a Oncogenic Signalling Laboratory and Brain Cancer Discovery Collaborative, Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research , 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton , VIC 3168 , Australia.,b Monash University, Wellington Parade , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia
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7
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Al-Mahdi R, Babteen N, Thillai K, Holt M, Johansen B, Wetting HL, Seternes OM, Wells CM. A novel role for atypical MAPK kinase ERK3 in regulating breast cancer cell morphology and migration. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 9:483-94. [PMID: 26588708 PMCID: PMC4955959 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2015.1112485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ERK3 is an atypical Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK6). Despite the fact that the Erk3 gene was originally identified in 1991, its function is still unknown. MK5 (MAP kinase- activated protein kinase 5) also called PRAK is the only known substrate for ERK3. Recently, it was found that group I p21 protein activated kinases (PAKs) are critical effectors of ERK3. PAKs link Rho family of GTPases to actin cytoskeletal dynamics and are known to be involved in the regulation of cell adhesion and migration. In this study we demonstrate that ERK3 protein levels are elevated as MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells adhere to collagen I which is concomitant with changes in cellular morphology where cells become less well spread following nascent adhesion formation. During this early cellular adhesion event we observe that the cells retain protrusive activity while reducing overall cellular area. Interestingly exogenous expression of ERK3 delivers a comparable reduction in cell spread area, while depletion of ERK3 expression increases cell spread area. Importantly, we have detected a novel specific endogenous ERK3 localization at the cell periphery. Furthermore we find that ERK3 overexpressing cells exhibit a rounded morphology and increased cell migration speed. Surprisingly, exogenous expression of a kinase inactive mutant of ERK3 phenocopies ERK3 overexpression, suggesting a novel kinase independent function for ERK3. Taken together our data suggest that as cells initiate adhesion to matrix increasing levels of ERK3 at the cell periphery are required to orchestrate cell morphology changes which can then drive migratory behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Al-Mahdi
- a Department of Pharmacy ; UiT The Arctic University of Norway ; Tromsø , Norway
| | - Nouf Babteen
- b Division of Cancer Studies; New Hunts House ; Guy's Campus; King's College London ; London , UK
| | - Kiruthikah Thillai
- b Division of Cancer Studies; New Hunts House ; Guy's Campus; King's College London ; London , UK
| | - Mark Holt
- c Randall Division for Cell and Molecular Biophysics and Cardiovascular Division; King's College London ; London , UK
| | - Bjarne Johansen
- a Department of Pharmacy ; UiT The Arctic University of Norway ; Tromsø , Norway
| | - Hilde Ljones Wetting
- a Department of Pharmacy ; UiT The Arctic University of Norway ; Tromsø , Norway
| | - Ole-Morten Seternes
- a Department of Pharmacy ; UiT The Arctic University of Norway ; Tromsø , Norway
| | - Claire M Wells
- b Division of Cancer Studies; New Hunts House ; Guy's Campus; King's College London ; London , UK
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8
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Role of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide induced by intermittent hypoxia in airway epithelial wound repair in vitro. Exp Cell Res 2016; 344:143-151. [PMID: 27093911 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The airway epithelium acts as a frontline barrier against various environmental insults and its repair process after airway injury is critical for the lung homeostasis restoration. Recently, the role of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) as transcription-independent damage signaling has been highlighted in the wound repair process. Both conditions of continuous hypoxia and intermittent hypoxia (IH) induce ROS. Although IH is important in clinical settings, the roles of IH-induced ROS in the airway repair process have not been investigated. In this study, we firstly showed that IH induced mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and significantly decreased bronchial epithelial cell migration, prevented by catalase treatment in a wound scratch assay. RhoA activity was higher during repair process in the IH condition compared to in the normoxic condition, resulting in the cellular morphological changes shown by immunofluorescence staining: round cells, reduced central stress fiber numbers, pronounced cortical actin filament distributions, and punctate focal adhesions. These phenotypes were replicated by exogenous H2O2 treatment under the normoxic condition. Our findings confirmed the transcription-independent role of IH-induced intracellular ROS in the bronchial epithelial cell repair process and might have significant implications for impaired bronchial epithelial cell regeneration.
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9
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Han Z, Harris PKW, Karmakar P, Kim T, Owusu BY, Wildman SA, Klampfer L, Janetka JW. α-Ketobenzothiazole Serine Protease Inhibitors of Aberrant HGF/c-MET and MSP/RON Kinase Pathway Signaling in Cancer. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:585-99. [PMID: 26889658 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Upregulation of the HGF and MSP growth-factor processing serine endopeptidases HGFA, matriptase and hepsin is correlated with increased metastasis in multiple tumor types driven by c-MET or RON kinase signaling. We rationally designed P1' α-ketobenzothiazole mechanism-based inhibitors of these proteases. Structure-activity studies are presented, which resulted in the identification of potent inhibitors with differential selectivity. The tetrapeptide inhibitors span the P1-P1' substrate cleavage site via a P1' amide linker off the benzothiazole, occupying the S3' pocket. Optimized inhibitors display sub-nanomolar enzyme inhibition against one, two, or all three of HGFA, matriptase, and hepsin. Several compounds also have good selectivity against the related trypsin-like proteases, thrombin and Factor Xa. Finally, we show that inhibitors block the fibroblast (HGF)-mediated migration of invasive DU145 prostate cancer cells. In addition to prostate cancer, breast, colon, lung, pancreas, gliomas, and multiple myeloma tumors all depend on HGF and MSP for tumor survival and progression. Therefore, these unique inhibitors have potential as new therapeutics for a diverse set of tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfu Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Peter K W Harris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Partha Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tommy Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ben Y Owusu
- Department of Oncology, Southern Research Institute, 2000 9th Ave., Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA
| | - Scott A Wildman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Lidija Klampfer
- Department of Oncology, Southern Research Institute, 2000 9th Ave., Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA
| | - James W Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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10
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ur Rasool R, Rah B, Amin H, Nayak D, Chakraborty S, Rawoof A, Mintoo MJ, Yousuf K, Mukherjee D, Kumar LD, Mondhe DM, Goswami A. Dual modulation of Ras-Mnk and PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathways: A Novel c-FLIP inhibitory mechanism of 3-AWA mediated translational attenuation through dephosphorylation of eIF4E. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18800. [PMID: 26728896 PMCID: PMC4700468 DOI: 10.1038/srep18800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is considered as a key survival protein involved in cell cycle progression, transformation and apoptosis resistance. Herein, we demonstrate that medicinal plant derivative 3-AWA (from Withaferin A) suppressed the proliferation and metastasis of CaP cells through abrogation of eIF4E activation and expression via c-FLIP dependent mechanism. This translational attenuation prevents the de novo synthesis of major players of metastatic cascades viz. c-FLIP, c-Myc and cyclin D1. Moreover, the suppression of c-FLIP due to inhibition of translation initiation complex by 3-AWA enhanced FAS trafficking, BID and caspase 8 cleavage. Further ectopically restored c-Myc and GFP-HRas mediated activation of eIF4E was reduced by 3-AWA in transformed NIH3T3 cells. Detailed underlying mechanisms revealed that 3-AWA inhibited Ras-Mnk and PI3-AKT-mTOR, two major pathways through which eIF4E converges upon eIF4F hub. In addition to in vitro studies, we confirmed that 3-AWA efficiently suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in different mouse models. Given that 3-AWA inhibits c-FLIP through abrogation of translation initiation by co-targeting mTOR and Mnk-eIF4E, it (3-AWA) can be exploited as a lead pharmacophore for promising anti-cancer therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyaz ur Rasool
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, J&K – 180001, India
| | - Bilal Rah
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, J&K – 180001, India
| | - Hina Amin
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, J&K – 180001, India
| | - Debasis Nayak
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, J&K – 180001, India
| | - Souneek Chakraborty
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, J&K – 180001, India
| | - Abdul Rawoof
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, AP-50007, India
| | - Mubashir Javed Mintoo
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, J&K – 180001, India
| | - Khalid Yousuf
- Natural Product Chemistry, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, J&K – 180001, India
| | - Debaraj Mukherjee
- Natural Product Chemistry, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, J&K – 180001, India
| | - Lekha Dinesh Kumar
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, AP-50007, India
| | - Dilip Manikaro Mondhe
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, J&K – 180001, India
| | - Anindya Goswami
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, J&K – 180001, India
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11
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Ueki R, Ueki A, Kanda N, Sando S. Oligonucleotide-Based Mimetics of Hepatocyte Growth Factor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:579-82. [PMID: 26592704 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide-based hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) mimetics are described. A DNA aptamer to Met, a cognate receptor for HGF, was shown to induce Met activation when used in dimer form. The most potent aptamer dimer, ss-0, which was composed solely of 100-mer single-stranded DNA, exhibited nanomolar potency. Aptamer ss-0 reproduced HGF-induced cellular behaviors, including migration and proliferation. The present work sheds light on oligonucleotides as a novel chemical entity for the design of growth factor mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Ueki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 (Japan)
| | - Ayaka Ueki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 (Japan)
| | - Naoto Kanda
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 (Japan)
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 (Japan).
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12
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Ueki R, Ueki A, Kanda N, Sando S. Oligonucleotide‐Based Mimetics of Hepatocyte Growth Factor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Ueki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Ayaka Ueki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Naoto Kanda
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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13
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Han Y, Luo Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Li M, Jiang Y. Hepatocyte growth factor increases the invasive potential of PC-3 human prostate cancer cells via an ERK/MAPK and Zeb-1 signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:753-759. [PMID: 26870279 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in numerous types of cancer. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no previous evidence that HGF has a role in prostate cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of HGF on EMT and invasive potential, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms, in a human prostate cancer cell line. Therefore, PC-3 cells were treated with various concentrations of HGF for varying durations. EMT-associated proteins, including E-cadherin and vimentin, were examined by western blot analysis. The effects of HGF on cell proliferation, migration, invasion and tumorigenicity were assessed using MTT, wound-healing, Transwell and soft-agar assays. Subsequently, the role of c-Met in the mediation of EMT-like changes was investigated using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis and gene knockdown by small interfering RNA. Finally, western blot analysis was used to quantify the expression of a downstream transcription factor and extracellular signal-related kinase/mitogen activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) signaling pathway proteins. The results indicated that treatment with HGF induced EMT-like changes and enhanced the invasive potential of PC-3 cells. There was an increase in the expression of ERK, phosphorylated-ERK and zinc finger E-box binding homeobox-1 (Zeb-1), suggesting that EMT-like changes may be mediated through the ERK/MAPK and Zeb-1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, HGF-mediated EMT-like changes were associated with c-Met activation, and these changes were able to be blocked by c-Met knockdown. The present study demonstrated that HGF-induced EMT increased the invasive potential of PC-3 human prostate cancer cells through activating the ERK/MAPK and Zeb-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yili Han
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yongxing Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yatong Chen
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Mingchuan Li
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yongguang Jiang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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14
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The Pim-1 protein kinase is an important regulator of MET receptor tyrosine kinase levels and signaling. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:2517-32. [PMID: 24777602 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00147-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MET, the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), plays an important role in signaling normal and tumor cell migration and invasion. Here, we describe a previously unrecognized mechanism that promotes MET expression in multiple tumor cell types. The levels of the Pim-1 protein kinase show a positive correlation with the levels of MET protein in human tumor cell lines and patient-derived tumor materials. Using small interfering RNA (siRNA), Pim knockout mice, small-molecule inhibitors, and overexpression of Pim-1, we confirmed this correlation and found that Pim-1 kinase activity regulates HGF-induced tumor cell migration, invasion, and cell scattering. The novel biochemical mechanism for these effects involves the ability of Pim-1 to control the translation of MET by regulating the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4B (eIF4B) on S406. This targeted phosphorylation is required for the binding of eIF4B to the eIF3 translation initiation complex. Importantly, Pim-1 action was validated by the evaluation of patient blood and bone marrow from a phase I clinical trial of a Pim kinase inhibitor, AZD1208. These results suggest that Pim inhibitors may have an important role in the treatment of patients where MET is driving tumor biology.
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15
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Szokol B, Gyulavári P, Kurkó I, Baska F, Szántai-Kis C, Greff Z, Őrfi Z, Peták I, Pénzes K, Torka R, Ullrich A, Őrfi L, Vántus T, Kéri G. Discovery and Biological Evaluation of Novel Dual EGFR/c-Met Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:298-303. [PMID: 24900830 DOI: 10.1021/ml4003309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have been identified in a subset of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is one of the leading cancer types worldwide. Application of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors leads to acquired resistance by secondary EGFR mutations or by amplification of the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met) gene. Although several EGFR and c-Met inhibitors have been reported, potent dual EGFR/c-Met inhibitors, which can overcome this latter resistance mechanism, have hitherto not been published and have not reached clinical trials. In the present study we have identified dual EGFR/c-Met inhibitors and designed novel N-[4-(quinolin-4-yloxy)-phenyl]-biarylsulfonamide derivatives, which inhibit the c-Met receptor and both the wild-type and the activating mutant EGFR kinases in nanomolar range. We have demonstrated by Western blot analysis that compound 10 inhibits EGFR and c-Met phosphorylation at cellular level and effectively inhibits viability of the NSCLC cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pál Gyulavári
- MTA-SE
Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ibolya Kurkó
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Baska
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., 1022 Budapest, Hungary
- Rational
Drug-Design Laboratory Cooperation Research Centre, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Zoltán Greff
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Őrfi
- Rational
Drug-Design Laboratory Cooperation Research Centre, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Munich 82152, Germany
| | - István Peták
- MTA-SE
Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- KPS Medical Biotechnology and Healthcare Services Ltd., 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kinga Pénzes
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Munich 82152, Germany
| | - Robert Torka
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Munich 82152, Germany
| | - Axel Ullrich
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Munich 82152, Germany
| | - László Őrfi
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., 1022 Budapest, Hungary
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Vántus
- MTA-SE
Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Kéri
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., 1022 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE
Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Rational
Drug-Design Laboratory Cooperation Research Centre, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
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16
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Li L, He Y, Zhao M, Jiang J. Collective cell migration: Implications for wound healing and cancer invasion. BURNS & TRAUMA 2013; 1:21-6. [PMID: 27574618 PMCID: PMC4994501 DOI: 10.4103/2321-3868.113331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
During embryonic morphogenesis, wound repair and cancer invasion, cells often migrate collectively via tight cell-cell junctions, a process named collective migration. During such migration, cells move as coherent groups, large cell sheets, strands or tubes rather than individually. One unexpected finding regarding collective cell migration is that being a “multicellular structure” enables cells to better respond to chemical and physical cues, when compared with isolated cells. This is important because epithelial cells heal wounds via the migration of large sheets of cells with tight intercellular connections. Recent studies have gained some mechanistic insights that will benefit the clinical understanding of wound healing in general. In this review, we will briefly introduce the role of collective cell migration in wound healing, regeneration and cancer invasion and discuss its underlying mechanisms as well as implications for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 ; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No.10 Changjiang Branch Road, Daping Main Street, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042 P.R. China
| | - Yong He
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, CA 95817 USA
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No.10 Changjiang Branch Road, Daping Main Street, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042 P.R. China
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Li L, Hartley R, Reiss B, Sun Y, Pu J, Wu D, Lin F, Hoang T, Yamada S, Jiang J, Zhao M. E-cadherin plays an essential role in collective directional migration of large epithelial sheets. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:2779-89. [PMID: 22410739 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-0951-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In wound healing and development, large epithelial sheets migrate collectively, in defined directions, and maintain tight cell-cell adhesion. This type of movement ensures an essential function of epithelia, a barrier, which is lost when cells lose connection and move in isolation. Unless wounded, epithelial sheets in cultures normally do not have overall directional migration. Cell migration is mostly studied when cells are in isolation and in the absence of mature cell-cell adhesion; the mechanisms of the migration of epithelial sheets are less well understood. We used small electric fields (EFs) as a directional cue to instigate and guide migration of epithelial sheets. Significantly, cells in monolayer migrated far more efficiently and directionally than cells in isolation or smaller cell clusters. We demonstrated for the first time the group size-dependent directional migratory response in several types of epithelial cells. Gap junctions made a minimal contribution to the directional collective migration. Breaking down calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion significantly reduced directional sheet migration. Furthermore, E-cadherin blocking antibodies abolished migration of cell sheets. Traction force analysis revealed an important role of forces that cells in the leading rows exert on the substratum. With EF, the traction forces of the leading edge cells coordinated in directional re-orientation. Our study thus identifies a novel mechanism--E-cadherin dependence and coordinated traction forces of leading cells in collective directional migration of large epithelial sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California at Davis, Suite 1630, 2921 Stockton Blvd., Room 1617, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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