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Adewoyin M, Teoh SL, Azmai MNA, Nasruddin NS. Exploiting the Differences Between Zebrafish and Medaka in Biological Research: A Complementary Approach. PHARMACOPHORE 2022. [DOI: 10.51847/a5qhctavdz] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Fujisawa K, Takami T, Okubo S, Nishimura Y, Yamada Y, Kondo K, Matsumoto T, Yamamoto N, Sakaida I. Establishment of an Adult Medaka Fatty Liver Model by Administration of a Gubra-Amylin-Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Diet Containing High Levels of Palmitic Acid and Fructose. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189931. [PMID: 34576091 PMCID: PMC8467182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Among lifestyle-related diseases, fatty liver is the most common liver disease. To date, mammalian models have been used to develop methods for inhibiting fatty liver progression; however, new, more efficient models are expected. This study investigated the creation of a new model to produce fatty liver more efficiently than the high-fat diet medaka model that has been used to date. We compared the GAN (Gubra-Amylin nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) diet, which has been used in recent years to induce fatty liver in mice, and the high-fat diet (HFD). Following administration of the diets for three months, enlarged livers and pronounced fat accumulation was noted. The GAN group had large fat vacuoles and lesions, including ballooning, compared to the HFD group. The GAN group had a higher incidence of lesions. When fenofibrate was administered to the fatty liver model created via GAN administration and liver steatosis was assessed, a reduction in liver fat deposition was observed, and this model was shown to be useful in drug evaluations involving fatty liver. The medaka fatty liver model administered with GAN will be useful in future fatty liver research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Fujisawa
- Department of Liver Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan;
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.K.); (T.M.); (N.Y.); (I.S.)
| | - Taro Takami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.K.); (T.M.); (N.Y.); (I.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-836-22-2239
| | - Shoki Okubo
- Department of Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan; (S.O.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yuto Nishimura
- Department of Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan; (S.O.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yusaku Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.K.); (T.M.); (N.Y.); (I.S.)
| | - Keisuke Kondo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.K.); (T.M.); (N.Y.); (I.S.)
| | - Toshihiko Matsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.K.); (T.M.); (N.Y.); (I.S.)
- Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.K.); (T.M.); (N.Y.); (I.S.)
- Health Administration Center, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Isao Sakaida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan; (Y.Y.); (K.K.); (T.M.); (N.Y.); (I.S.)
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Ofer L, Zaslansky P, Shahar R. A comparison of the structure, composition and mechanical properties of anosteocytic vertebrae of medaka (O. latipes) and osteocytic vertebrae of zebrafish (D. rerio). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 98:995-1006. [PMID: 32239680 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Medaka (O. latipes) and zebrafish (D. rerio) are two teleost fish increasingly used as models to study human skeletal diseases. Although they are similar in size, swimming pattern and many other characteristics, these two species are very distant from an evolutionary point of view (by at least 100 million years). A prominent difference between the skeletons of medaka and zebrafish is the total absence of osteocytes in medaka (anosteocytic), while zebrafish bone contains numerous osteocytes (osteocytic). This fundamental difference suggests the possibility that the bony elements of their skeleton may be different in a variety of other aspects, structural, mechanical or both, particularly in heavily loaded bones like the vertebrae. Here we report on the results of a comparative study that aimed to determine the similarities and differences in medaka and zebrafish vertebrae in terms of their macro- to nanostructure, composition and mechanical properties. Our results reveal many similarities between medaka and zebrafish vertebrae, making the lack or presence of osteocytes the only major difference between the bones of these two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Ofer
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Department for Restorative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ron Shahar
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Ofer L, Dean MN, Zaslansky P, Kult S, Shwartz Y, Zaretsky J, Griess-Fishheimer S, Monsonego-Ornan E, Zelzer E, Shahar R. A novel nonosteocytic regulatory mechanism of bone modeling. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000140. [PMID: 30707688 PMCID: PMC6373971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteocytes, cells forming an elaborate network within the bones of most vertebrate taxa, are thought to be the master regulators of bone modeling, a process of coordinated, local bone-tissue deposition and removal that keeps bone strains at safe levels throughout life. Neoteleost fish, however, lack osteocytes and yet are known to be capable of bone modeling, although no osteocyte-independent modeling regulatory mechanism has so far been described. Here, we characterize a novel, to our knowledge, bone-modeling regulatory mechanism in a fish species (medaka), showing that although lacking osteocytes (i.e., internal mechanosensors), when loaded, medaka bones model in mechanically directed ways, successfully reducing high tissue strains. We establish that as in mammals, modeling in medaka is regulated by the SOST gene, demonstrating a mechanistic link between skeletal loading, SOST down-regulation, and intense bone deposition. However, whereas mammalian SOST is expressed almost exclusively by osteocytes, in both medaka and zebrafish (a species with osteocytic bones), SOST is expressed by a variety of nonosteocytic cells, none of which reside within the bone bulk. These findings argue that in fishes (and perhaps other vertebrates), nonosteocytic skeletal cells are both sensors and responders, shouldering duties believed exclusive to osteocytes. This previously unrecognized, SOST-dependent, osteocyte-independent mechanism challenges current paradigms of osteocyte exclusivity in bone-modeling regulation, suggesting the existence of multivariate feedback networks in bone modeling-perhaps also in mammalian bones-and thus arguing for the possibility of untapped potential for cell targets in bone therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Ofer
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mason N. Dean
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids & Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Department for Restorative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shiri Kult
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yulia Shwartz
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Janna Zaretsky
- Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shelley Griess-Fishheimer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Efrat Monsonego-Ornan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elazar Zelzer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ron Shahar
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Porazinski S, Wang H, Asaoka Y, Behrndt M, Miyamoto T, Morita H, Hata S, Sasaki T, Krens SG, Osada Y, Asaka S, Momoi A, Linton S, Miesfeld JB, Link BA, Senga T, Shimizu N, Nagase H, Matsuura S, Bagby S, Kondoh H, Nishina H, Heisenberg CP, Furutani-Seiki M. YAP is essential for tissue tension to ensure vertebrate 3D body shape. Nature 2015; 521:217-221. [PMID: 25778702 PMCID: PMC4720436 DOI: 10.1038/nature14215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrates have a unique 3D body shape in which correct tissue and organ shape and alignment are essential for function. For example, vision requires the lens to be centred in the eye cup which must in turn be correctly positioned in the head. Tissue morphogenesis depends on force generation, force transmission through the tissue, and response of tissues and extracellular matrix to force. Although a century ago D'Arcy Thompson postulated that terrestrial animal body shapes are conditioned by gravity, there has been no animal model directly demonstrating how the aforementioned mechano-morphogenetic processes are coordinated to generate a body shape that withstands gravity. Here we report a unique medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) mutant, hirame (hir), which is sensitive to deformation by gravity. hir embryos display a markedly flattened body caused by mutation of YAP, a nuclear executor of Hippo signalling that regulates organ size. We show that actomyosin-mediated tissue tension is reduced in hir embryos, leading to tissue flattening and tissue misalignment, both of which contribute to body flattening. By analysing YAP function in 3D spheroids of human cells, we identify the Rho GTPase activating protein ARHGAP18 as an effector of YAP in controlling tissue tension. Together, these findings reveal a previously unrecognised function of YAP in regulating tissue shape and alignment required for proper 3D body shape. Understanding this morphogenetic function of YAP could facilitate the use of embryonic stem cells to generate complex organs requiring correct alignment of multiple tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Porazinski
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Huijia Wang
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Yoichi Asaoka
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Martin Behrndt
- IST Austria, Am Campus 1, A-3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Tatsuo Miyamoto
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Morita
- IST Austria, Am Campus 1, A-3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Shoji Hata
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582 Japan
| | | | - Yumi Osada
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO-SORST Kondoh Differentiation Signaling Project, Kyoto, 606-8305, Japan
| | - Satoshi Asaka
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Akihiro Momoi
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO-SORST Kondoh Differentiation Signaling Project, Kyoto, 606-8305, Japan
| | - Sarah Linton
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Joel B. Miesfeld
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Brian A. Link
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Takeshi Senga
- Division of Cancer Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Shimizu
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582 Japan
| | - Hideaki Nagase
- Matrix Biology Section, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Shinya Matsuura
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Stefan Bagby
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Hisato Kondoh
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO-SORST Kondoh Differentiation Signaling Project, Kyoto, 606-8305, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishina
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Furutani-Seiki
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO-SORST Kondoh Differentiation Signaling Project, Kyoto, 606-8305, Japan
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Harris MP, Henke K, Hawkins MB, Witten PE. Fish is Fish: the use of experimental model species to reveal causes of skeletal diversity in evolution and disease. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANGEWANDTE ICHTHYOLOGIE = JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY 2014; 30:616-629. [PMID: 25221374 PMCID: PMC4159207 DOI: 10.1111/jai.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fishes are wonderfully diverse. This variety is a result of the ability of ray-finned fishes to adapt to a wide range of environments, and has made them more specious than the rest of vertebrates combined. With such diversity it is easy to dismiss comparisons between distantly related fishes in efforts to understand the biology of a particular fish species. However, shared ancestry and the conservation of developmental mechanisms, morphological features and physiology provide the ability to use comparative analyses between different organisms to understand mechanisms of development and physiology. The use of species that are amenable to experimental investigation provides tools to approach questions that would not be feasible in other 'non-model' organisms. For example, the use of small teleost fishes such as zebrafish and medaka has been powerful for analysis of gene function and mechanisms of disease in humans, including skeletal diseases. However, use of these fish to aid in understanding variation and disease in other fishes has been largely unexplored. This is especially evident in aquaculture research. Here we highlight the utility of these small laboratory fishes to study genetic and developmental factors that underlie skeletal malformations that occur under farming conditions. We highlight several areas in which model species can serve as a resource for identifying the causes of variation in economically important fish species as well as to assess strategies to alleviate the expression of the variant phenotypes in farmed fish. We focus on genetic causes of skeletal deformities in the zebrafish and medaka that closely resemble phenotypes observed both in farmed as well as natural populations of fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Harris
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA ; Department of Orthopaedic Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Henke
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA ; Department of Orthopaedic Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M B Hawkins
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA ; Department of Orthopaedic Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA ; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - P E Witten
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Hong N, Schartl M, Hong Y. Derivation of stable zebrafish ES-like cells in feeder-free culture. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 357:623-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1882-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Cuesta IH, Lahiri K, Lopez-Olmeda JF, Loosli F, Foulkes NS, Vallone D. Differential maturation of rhythmic clock gene expression during early development in medaka (Oryzias latipes). Chronobiol Int 2014; 31:468-78. [PMID: 24456338 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2013.856316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
One key challenge for the field of chronobiology is to identify how circadian clock function emerges during early embryonic development. Teleosts such as the zebrafish are ideal models for studying circadian clock ontogeny since the entire process of development occurs ex utero in an optically transparent chorion. Medaka (Oryzias latipes) represents another powerful fish model for exploring early clock function with, like the zebrafish, many tools available for detailed genetic analysis. However, to date there have been no reports documenting circadian clock gene expression during medaka development. Here we have characterized the expression of key clock genes in various developmental stages and in adult tissues of medaka. As previously reported for other fish, light dark cycles are required for the emergence of clock gene expression rhythms in this species. While rhythmic expression of per and cry genes is detected very early during development and seems to be light driven, rhythmic clock and bmal expression appears much later around hatching time. Furthermore, the maturation of clock function seems to correlate with the appearance of rhythmic expression of these positive elements of the clock feedback loop. By accelerating development through elevated temperatures or by artificially removing the chorion, we show an earlier onset of rhythmicity in clock and bmal expression. Thus, differential maturation of key elements of the medaka clock mechanism depends on the developmental stage and the presence of the chorion.
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Shirakashi R, Mischke M, Fischer P, Memmel S, Krohne G, Fuhr GR, Zimmermann H, Sukhorukov VL. Changes in the dielectric properties of medaka fish embryos during development, studied by electrorotation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 428:127-31. [PMID: 23063978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Japanese medaka fish, Oryzias latipes, has become a powerful vertebrate model organism in developmental biology and genetics. The present study explores the dielectric properties of medaka embryos during pre-hatching development by means of the electrorotation (ROT) technique. Due to their layered structure, medaka eggs exhibited up to three ROT peaks in the kHz-MHz frequency range. During development from blastula to early somite stage, ROT spectra varied only slightly. But as the embryo progressed to the late-somite stage, the ROT peaks underwent significant changes in frequency and amplitude. Using morphological data obtained by light and electron microscopy, we analyzed the ROT spectra with a three-shell dielectric model that accounted for the major embryonic compartments. The analysis yielded a very high value for the ionic conductivity of the egg shell (chorion), which was confirmed by independent osmotic experiments. A relatively low capacitance of the yolk envelope was consistent with its double-membrane structure revealed by transmission electron microscopy. Yolk-free dead eggs exhibited only one co-field ROT peak, shifted markedly to lower frequencies with respect to the corresponding peak of live embryos. The dielectric data may be useful for monitoring the development and changes in fish embryos' viability/conditions in basic research and industrial aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Shirakashi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
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Lawrence C, Adatto I, Best J, James A, Maloney K. Generation time of zebrafish (Danio rerio) and medakas (Oryzias latipes) housed in the same aquaculture facility. Lab Anim (NY) 2012; 41:158-65. [PMID: 22614091 DOI: 10.1038/laban0612-158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish and the medaka are both important model organisms in biomedical research. Both species are frequently characterized as having a generation time of approximately 2-4 months, but the precise onset of sexual maturity and the variability of reproductive success with age have not been previously examined. The authors studied reproduction in replicate groups of wild-type zebrafish (strain AB) and medakas (strain Cab) that were maintained together in the same aquaculture system. Length, weight and survival of the fish were measured and recorded once per week. Reproductive success and viability of offspring were also evaluated. Both zebrafish and medakas began producing viable embryos within 60 d post-fertilization. These findings show that it is possible to successfully maintain populations of both species within the same research infrastructure without compromising reproductive success or embryo viability.
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Miyamoto T, Porazinski S, Wang H, Borovina A, Ciruna B, Shimizu A, Kajii T, Kikuchi A, Furutani-Seiki M, Matsuura S. Insufficiency of BUBR1, a mitotic spindle checkpoint regulator, causes impaired ciliogenesis in vertebrates. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:2058-70. [PMID: 21389084 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Budding uninhibited by benzimidazole-related 1 (BUBR1) is a central molecule of the spindle assembly checkpoint. Germline mutations in the budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1 homolog beta gene encoding BUBR1 cause premature chromatid separation (mosaic variegated aneuploidy) [PCS (MVA)] syndrome, which is characterized by constitutional aneuploidy and a high risk of childhood cancer. Patients with the syndrome often develop Dandy-Walker complex and polycystic kidneys; implying a critical role of BUBR1 in morphogenesis. However, little is known about the function of BUBR1 other than mitotic control. Here, we report that BUBR1 is essential for the primary cilium formation, and that the PCS (MVA) syndrome is thus a novel ciliopathy. Morpholino knockdown of bubr1 in medaka fish also caused ciliary dysfunction characterized by defects in cerebellar development and perturbed left-right asymmetry of the embryo. Biochemical analyses demonstrated that BUBR1 is required for ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of cell division cycle protein 20 in the G0 phase and maintains anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome-CDC20 homolog 1 activity that regulates the optimal level of dishevelled for ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Miyamoto
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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