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Dataset of immune responses induced in swine by an inactivated Porcine Circovirus 2b vaccine. Data Brief 2021; 35:106906. [PMID: 33997189 PMCID: PMC8100898 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.106906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A whole virus, inactivated, Porcine Circovirus 2b (PCV2b) vaccine was submitted to a quantal assay of potency, as explained in detail in our companion paper [1]. To this purpose, twenty, 45-day old piglets, checked for maternally-derived antibody (MDA), were allocated to four groups of 5 animals each; these were vaccinated with 800/266/88/0 nanograms, respectively, of an inactivated PCV2b strain, consisting of two distinct virion populations. Twenty-six days later, all the pigs were challenged intranasally with the homologous PCV2b strain. In the presence of a clear dose-dependent protection in terms of viremia, no such effect was observed in terms of weight gain after challenge. The 800 and 266-ng payloads were associated with neutralizing antibody titers above the MDA levels in oral fluids. Higher levels of viremia in control and 88-ng groups [1] coincided with a higher Natural Killer activity of tracheobronchial lymph node cells from PCV2-infected pigs. The PCV2 ORF2-specific ELISPOT assay for IFN-g– secreting cells showed very few (2–4) ORF2-specific cells/105 peripheral blood mononuclear cells beyond the basal levels under our experimental conditions (non-significant differences among groups). Also, no significant differences were observed in the degree of lymphoid tissue hyperplasia among the different groups.
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2
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Benedictus L, Steinbach S, Holder T, Bakker D, Vrettou C, Morrison WI, Vordermeier M, Connelley T. Hydrophobic Mycobacterial Antigens Elicit Polyfunctional T Cells in Mycobacterium bovis Immunized Cattle: Association With Protection Against Challenge? Front Immunol 2020; 11:588180. [PMID: 33281817 PMCID: PMC7688591 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.588180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, is a chronic disease of cattle with a detrimental impact on food quality and production. Research on bTB vaccines has predominantly been focused on proteinaceous antigens. However, mycobacteria have a thick and intricate lipid outer layer and lipids as well as lipopeptides are important for immune-evasion and virulence. In humans, lipid extracts of M. tuberculosis have been shown to elicit immune responses effective against M. tuberculosis in vitro. Chloroform-methanol extraction (CME) was applied to M. bovis BCG to obtain a hydrophobic antigen extract (CMEbcg) containing lipids and lipopeptides. CMEbcg stimulated IFN-γ+IL-2+ and IL-17A+IL-22+ polyfunctional T cells and elicited T cell responses with a Th1 and Th17 cytokine release profile in both M. bovis BCG vaccinated and M. bovis challenged calves. Lipopeptides were shown to be the immunodominant antigens in CMEbcg, stimulating CD4 T cells via MHC class II. CMEbcg expanded T cells killed CMEbcg loaded monocytes and the CMEbcg-specific CD3 T cell proliferative response following M. bovis BCG vaccination was the best predictor for reduced pathology following challenge with M. bovis. Although the high predictive value of CMEbcg-specific immune responses does not confirm a causal relationship with protection against M. bovis challenge, when taking into account the in vitro antimycobacterial phenotype of CMEbcg-specific T cells (e.g. Th1/Th17 cytokine profile), it is indicative that CMEbcg-specific immune responses could play a functional role in immunity against M. bovis. Based on these findings we conclude that lipopeptides of M. bovis are potential novel subunit vaccine candidates and that further studies into the functional characterization of lipopeptide-specific immune responses together with their role in protection against bovine tuberculosis are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindert Benedictus
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Steinbach
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Holder
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom
| | - Douwe Bakker
- Independent Researcher and Technical Consultant, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Christina Vrettou
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
| | - W Ivan Morrison
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Vordermeier
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom.,Centre for Bovine Tuberculosis, Institute for Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of Aberystwyth, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Connelley
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
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Palmer MV, Thacker TC, Rabideau MM, Jones GJ, Kanipe C, Vordermeier HM, Ray Waters W. Biomarkers of cell-mediated immunity to bovine tuberculosis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 220:109988. [PMID: 31846797 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.109988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Whole blood based assays, particularly interferon gamma (IFN-γ) release assays (IGRAs), are used for the diagnosis of both bovine and human tuberculosis (TB). The aim of the current study was to evaluate a panel of cytokines and chemokines for potential use as diagnostic readouts indicative of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) infection in cattle. A gene expression assay was used to determine the kinetics of the response to M. bovis purified protein derivative and a fusion protein consisting of ESAT-6, CFP10, and Rv3615c upon aerosol infection with ∼104 cfu of M. bovis. The panel of biomarkers included: IFN-γ, CXCL9, CXCL10, CCL2, CCL3, TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-22, IL-21 and IL-13. Protein levels of IFN-γ, CXCL9, and CXCL10 were determined by ELISA. Findings suggest that CXCL9, CXCL10, IL-21, IL-13, and several acute phase cytokines may be worth pursuing as diagnostic biomarkers of M. bovis infection in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell V Palmer
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, Iowa, USA.
| | - Tyler C Thacker
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Meaghan M Rabideau
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Gareth J Jones
- TB Immunology and Vaccinology, Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, Addlestone, Surry UK
| | - Carly Kanipe
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, Iowa, USA; Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - H Martin Vordermeier
- TB Immunology and Vaccinology, Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, Addlestone, Surry UK
| | - W Ray Waters
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, Iowa, USA
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4
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Elnaggar MM, Abdellrazeq GS, Elsisy A, Mahmoud AH, Shyboub A, Sester M, Khaliel SA, Singh M, Torky HA, Davis WC. Evaluation of antigen specific interleukin-1β as a biomarker to detect cattle infected with Mycobacterium bovis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2017; 105:53-59. [PMID: 28610788 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a major world-wide health problem that has been difficult to control, due to the lack of an effective vaccine and limited ability of the tuberculin skin test (TST) and the ancillary whole blood interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA) to detect all infected animals. A 6 h cytokine flow cytometric IFN-γ (CFC) assay was developed in effort to overcome these limitations and expand methods for studying the mechanisms of bTB immunopathogenesis. The present study was conducted to evaluate IL-1β as a biomarker to use in conjunction with the IFN-γ CFC assay to improve the diagnostic accuracy for bTB. Three animal groups with predefined Mbv infection status were used for analysis of IL-1β in plasma from whole blood cultures stimulated with ESAT-6/CFP-10 for 20-24 h. Parallel stimulations were performed for enumeration of IFN-γ producing T cells. Data analysis showed that Mbv infected animals have a higher frequency of IFN-γ producing CD4+ T cells and plasma IL-1β than animals exposed to non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) or uninfected control animals, with a significant correlation between the two readouts, thus allowing differentiation between the three animal groups. IL-1β has the potential to serve as an additional biomarker for detecting cattle infected with Mbv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Elnaggar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Gaber S Abdellrazeq
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Alaa Elsisy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Asmaa H Mahmoud
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Abdelrazeq Shyboub
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Martina Sester
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Institutes for Infection Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Samy A Khaliel
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Mahavir Singh
- Lionex Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Helmy A Torky
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - William C Davis
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, USA
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Inhibition of Antigen-Specific and Nonspecific Stimulation of Bovine T and B Cells by Lymphostatin from Attaching and Effacing Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00845-16. [PMID: 27920212 PMCID: PMC5278176 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00845-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) are enteric bacterial pathogens of worldwide importance. Most EPEC and non-O157 EHEC strains express lymphostatin (also known as LifA), a chromosomally encoded 365-kDa protein. We previously demonstrated that lymphostatin is a putative glycosyltransferase that is important in intestinal colonization of cattle by EHEC serogroup O5, O111, and O26 strains. However, the nature and consequences of the interaction between lymphostatin and immune cells from the bovine host are ill defined. Using purified recombinant protein, we demonstrated that lymphostatin inhibits mitogen-activated proliferation of bovine T cells and, to a lesser extent, proliferation of cytokine-stimulated B cells, but not NK cells. It broadly affected the T cell compartment, inhibiting all cell subsets (CD4, CD8, WC-1, and γδ T cell receptor [γδ-TCR]) and cytokines examined (interleukin 2 [IL-2], IL-4, IL-10, IL-17A, and gamma interferon [IFN-γ]) and rendered T cells refractory to mitogen for a least 18 h after transient exposure. Lymphostatin was also able to inhibit proliferation of T cells stimulated by IL-2 and by antigen presentation using a Theileria-transformed cell line and autologous T cells from Theileria-infected cattle. We conclude that lymphostatin is likely to act early in T cell activation, as stimulation of T cells with concanavalin A, but not phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate combined with ionomycin, was inhibited. Finally, a homologue of lymphostatin from E. coli O157:H7 (ToxB; L7095) was also found to possess comparable inhibitory activity against T cells, indicating a potentially conserved strategy for interference in adaptive responses by attaching and effacing E. coli.
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Blunt L, Hogarth PJ, Kaveh DA, Webb P, Villarreal-Ramos B, Vordermeier HM. Phenotypic characterization of bovine memory cells responding to mycobacteria in IFNγ enzyme linked immunospot assays. Vaccine 2015; 33:7276-7282. [PMID: 26549366 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.10.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) remains a globally significant veterinary health problem. Defining correlates of protection can accelerate the development of novel vaccines against TB. As the cultured IFNγ ELISPOT (cELISPOT) assay has been shown to predict protection and duration of immunity in vaccinated cattle, we sought to characterize the phenotype of the responding T-cells. Using expression of CD45RO and CD62L we purified by cytometric cell sorting four distinct CD4(+) populations: CD45RO(+)CD62L(hi), CD45RO(+)CD62L(lo), CD45RO(-)CD62L(hi) and CD45RO(-)CD62L(lo) (although due to low and inconsistent cell recovery, this population was not considered further in this study), in BCG vaccinated and Mycobacterium bovis infected cattle. These populations were then tested in the cELISPOT assay. The main populations contributing to production of IFNγ in the cELISPOT were of the CD45RO(+)CD62L(hi) and CD45RO(+)CD62L(lo) phenotypes. These cell populations have been described in other species as central and effector memory cells, respectively. Following in vitro culture and flow cytometry we observed plasticity within the bovine CD4(+) T-cell phenotype. Populations switched phenotype, increasing or decreasing expression of CD45RO and CD62L within 24h of in vitro stimulation. After 14 days all IFNγ producing CD4(+) T cells expressed CD45RO regardless of the original phenotype of the sorted population. No differences were detected in behavior of cells derived from BCG-vaccinated animals compared to cells derived from naturally infected animals. In conclusion, although multiple populations of CD4(+) T memory cells from both BCG vaccinated and M. bovis infected animals contributed to cELISPOT responses, the dominant contributing population consists of central-memory-like T cells (CD45RO(+)CD62L(hi)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Blunt
- Bovine TB Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Philip J Hogarth
- Bovine TB Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK; Flow Cytometry Facility, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Daryan A Kaveh
- Bovine TB Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK; Flow Cytometry Facility, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Paul Webb
- Bovine TB Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK; Flow Cytometry Facility, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
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Development of an improved ESAT-6 and CFP-10 peptide-based cytokine flow cytometric assay for bovine tuberculosis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 42:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Maggioli MF, Palmer MV, Vordermeier HM, Whelan AO, Fosse JM, Nonnecke BJ, Waters WR. Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle. J Vis Exp 2015:e52833. [PMID: 26275095 PMCID: PMC4544920 DOI: 10.3791/52833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Effector and memory T cells are generated through developmental programing of naïve cells following antigen recognition. If the infection is controlled up to 95 % of the T cells generated during the expansion phase are eliminated (i.e., contraction phase) and memory T cells remain, sometimes for a lifetime. In humans, two functionally distinct subsets of memory T cells have been described based on the expression of lymph node homing receptors. Central memory T cells express C-C chemokine receptor 7 and CD45RO and are mainly located in T-cell areas of secondary lymphoid organs. Effector memory T cells express CD45RO, lack CCR7 and display receptors associated with lymphocyte homing to peripheral or inflamed tissues. Effector T cells do not express either CCR7 or CD45RO but upon encounter with antigen produce effector cytokines, such as interferon-γ. Interferon-γ release assays are used for the diagnosis of bovine and human tuberculosis and detect primarily effector and effector memory T cell responses. Central memory T cell responses by CD4(+) T cells to vaccination, on the other hand, may be used to predict vaccine efficacy, as demonstrated with simian immunodeficiency virus infection of non-human primates, tuberculosis in mice, and malaria in humans. Several studies with mice and humans as well as unpublished data on cattle, have demonstrated that interferon-γ ELISPOT assays measure central memory T cell responses. With this assay, peripheral blood mononuclear cells are cultured in decreasing concentration of antigen for 10 to 14 days (long-term culture), allowing effector responses to peak and wane; facilitating central memory T cells to differentiate and expand within the culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara F Maggioli
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture; Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University;
| | - Mitchell V Palmer
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture
| | | | | | - James M Fosse
- Visual Services, National Centers for Animal Health, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture
| | - Brian J Nonnecke
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture
| | - W Ray Waters
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture
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Khatri B, Whelan A, Clifford D, Petrera A, Sander P, Vordermeier HM. BCG Δzmp1 vaccine induces enhanced antigen specific immune responses in cattle. Vaccine 2014; 32:779-84. [PMID: 24394444 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) causes major economy and public health problem in numerous countries. In Great Britain, despite the use of a test-and-slaughter strategy, the incidence of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in cattle has steadily risen in recent years. One strategy being considered to reduce the burden of bTB in cattle is the development of an efficient vaccine. The only current potentially available vaccine against tuberculosis, live attenuated M. bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), has demonstrated variable efficacy in both humans and cattle and the development of improved vaccination strategies for cattle is a research priority. In this study we assessed the immunogenicity in cattle of two recombinant BCG strains, namely BCG Pasteur Δzmp1::aph and BCG Danish Δzmp1. By applying a recently defined predictive immune-correlate of protection (T cell memory responses measured by cultured ELISPOT), we have compared these two recombinant BCG with wild-type BCG Danish SSI. Our results demonstrated that both strains induced superior T cell memory responses compared to wild-type BCG. These data provide support for the prioritisation of testing BCG Danish Δzmp1 in vaccination/M. bovis challenge studies to determine its protective efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagwati Khatri
- Department of Bovine Tuberculosis, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | - Adam Whelan
- Department of Bovine Tuberculosis, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Clifford
- Department of Bovine Tuberculosis, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Agnese Petrera
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Sander
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Nationales Zentrum für Mykobakterien (NZM), Gloriastrasse 30/32, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H Martin Vordermeier
- Department of Bovine Tuberculosis, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Pérez de Val B, Vidal E, Villarreal-Ramos B, Gilbert SC, Andaluz A, Moll X, Martín M, Nofrarías M, McShane H, Vordermeier HM, Domingo M. A multi-antigenic adenoviral-vectored vaccine improves BCG-induced protection of goats against pulmonary tuberculosis infection and prevents disease progression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81317. [PMID: 24278420 PMCID: PMC3836889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The “One world, one health” initiative emphasizes the need for new strategies to control human and animal tuberculosis (TB) based on their shared interface. A good example would be the development of novel universal vaccines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) infection. This study uses the goat model, a natural TB host, to assess the protective effectiveness of a new vaccine candidate in combination with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine. Thirty-three goat kids were divided in three groups: Group 1) vaccinated with BCG (week 0), Group 2) vaccinated with BCG and boosted 8 weeks later with a recombinant adenovirus expressing the MTBC antigens Ag85A, TB10.4, TB9.8 and Acr2 (AdTBF), and Group 3) unvaccinated controls. Later on, an endobronchial challenge with a low dose of M. caprae was performed (week 15). After necropsy (week 28), the pulmonary gross pathology was quantified using high resolution Computed Tomography. Small granulomatous pulmonary lesions (< 0.5 cm diameter) were also evaluated through a comprehensive qualitative histopathological analysis. M. caprae CFU were counted from pulmonary lymph nodes. The AdTBF improved the effects of BCG reducing gross lesion volume and bacterial load, as well as increasing weight gain. The number of Ag85A-specific gamma interferon-producing memory T-cells was identified as a predictor of vaccine efficacy. Specific cellular and humoral responses were measured throughout the 13-week post-challenge period, and correlated with the severity of lesions. Unvaccinated goats exhibited the typical pathological features of active TB in humans and domestic ruminants, while vaccinated goats showed only very small lesions. The data presented in this study indicate that multi-antigenic adenoviral vectored vaccines boosts protection conferred by vaccination with BCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernat Pérez de Val
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat autonoma de Barcelona–Investigación y tecnología Agroalimentarias, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Enric Vidal
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat autonoma de Barcelona–Investigación y tecnología Agroalimentarias, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Bernardo Villarreal-Ramos
- TB Research Group, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah C. Gilbert
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Andaluz
- Departament de Medicina i Cirugia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavier Moll
- Departament de Medicina i Cirugia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maite Martín
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat autonoma de Barcelona–Investigación y tecnología Agroalimentarias, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Nofrarías
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat autonoma de Barcelona–Investigación y tecnología Agroalimentarias, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Helen McShane
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - H. Martin Vordermeier
- TB Research Group, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Mariano Domingo
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat autonoma de Barcelona–Investigación y tecnología Agroalimentarias, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
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