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Mondal I, Das O, Sun R, Gao J, Yu B, Diaz A, Behnan J, Dubey A, Meng Z, Eskandar E, Xu B, Lu RO, Ho WS. PP2Ac Deficiency Enhances Tumor Immunogenicity by Activating STING-Type I Interferon Signaling in Glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2023; 83:2527-2542. [PMID: 37219874 PMCID: PMC10525036 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-3382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an immunologically "cold" tumor that does not respond to current immunotherapy. Here, we demonstrate a fundamental role for the α-isoform of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase-2A (PP2Ac) in regulating glioma immunogenicity. Genetic ablation of PP2Ac in glioma cells enhanced double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) production and cGAS-type I IFN signaling, MHC-I expression, and tumor mutational burden. In coculture experiments, PP2Ac deficiency in glioma cells promoted dendritic cell (DC) cross-presentation and clonal expansion of CD8+ T cells. In vivo, PP2Ac depletion sensitized tumors to immune-checkpoint blockade and radiotherapy treatment. Single-cell analysis demonstrated that PP2Ac deficiency increased CD8+ T-cell, natural killer cell, and DC accumulation and reduced immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages. Furthermore, loss of PP2Ac increased IFN signaling in myeloid and tumor cells and reduced expression of a tumor gene signature associated with worse patient survival in The Cancer Genome Atlas. Collectively, this study establishes a novel role for PP2Ac in inhibiting dsDNA-cGAS-STING signaling to suppress antitumor immunity in glioma. SIGNIFICANCE PP2Ac deficiency promotes cGAS-STING signaling in glioma to induce a tumor-suppressive immune microenvironment, highlighting PP2Ac as a potential therapeutic target to enhance tumor immunogenicity and improve response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Mondal
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Oishika Das
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Raymond Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Bohyeon Yu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Diaz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jinan Behnan
- The Leo M. Davidoff Department of Neurological Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Dominick Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Abhishek Dubey
- The Leo M. Davidoff Department of Neurological Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Dominick Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Zhipeng Meng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Emad Eskandar
- The Leo M. Davidoff Department of Neurological Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Dominick Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Beisi Xu
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Rongze Olivia Lu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Winson S. Ho
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Robinson EK, Covarrubias S, Zhou S, Carpenter S. Generation and utilization of a HEK-293T murine GM-CSF expressing cell line. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249117. [PMID: 33836009 PMCID: PMC8034741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are innate immune cells that play a key role in defense against pathogens. In vitro cultures of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and dendritic cells (BMDCs) are well-established and valuable methods for immunological studies. Typically, commercially available recombinant GM-CSF is utilized to generate BMDCs and is also used to culture alveolar macrophages. We have generated a new HEK-293T cell line expressing murine GM-CSF that secretes high levels of GM-CSF (~180 ng/ml) into complete media as an alternative to commercial GM-CSF. Differentiation of dendritic cells and expression of various markers were kinetically assessed using the GM-CSF HEK293T cell line, termed supGM-CSF and compared directly to purified commercial GMCSF. After 7–9 days of cell culture the supGM-CSF yielded twice as many viable cells compared to the commercial purified GM-CSF. In addition to differentiating BMDCs, the supGM-CSF can be utilized to culture functionally active alveolar macrophages. Collectively, our results show that supernatant from our GM-CSF HEK293T cell line supports the differentiation of mouse BMDCs or alveolar macrophage culturing, providing an economical alternative to purified GM-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elektra Kantzari Robinson
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Sergio Covarrubias
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Simon Zhou
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Susan Carpenter
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Early innate and adaptive immune perturbations determine long-term severity of chronic virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfection. Immunity 2021; 54:526-541.e7. [PMID: 33515487 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic viral infections increase severity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) coinfection. Here, we examined how chronic viral infections alter the pulmonary microenvironment to foster coinfection and worsen disease severity. We developed a coordinated system of chronic virus and Mtb infection that induced central clinical manifestations of coinfection, including increased Mtb burden, extra-pulmonary dissemination, and heightened mortality. These disease states were not due to chronic virus-induced immunosuppression or exhaustion; rather, increased amounts of the cytokine TNFα initially arrested pulmonary Mtb growth, impeding dendritic cell mediated antigen transportation to the lymph node and subverting immune-surveillance, allowing bacterial sanctuary. The cryptic Mtb replication delayed CD4 T cell priming, redirecting T helper (Th) 1 toward Th17 differentiation and increasing pulmonary neutrophilia, which diminished long-term survival. Temporally restoring CD4 T cell induction overcame these diverse disease sequelae to enhance Mtb control. Thus, Mtb co-opts TNFα from the chronic inflammatory environment to subvert immune-surveillance, avert early immune function, and foster long-term coinfection.
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Tweedell RE, Malireddi RKS, Kanneganti TD. A comprehensive guide to studying inflammasome activation and cell death. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:3284-3333. [PMID: 32895525 PMCID: PMC7716618 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-0374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multimeric heterogeneous mega-Dalton protein complexes that play key roles in the host innate immune response to infection and sterile insults. Assembly of the inflammasome complex following infection or injury begins with the oligomerization of the upstream inflammasome-forming sensor and proceeds through a multistep process of well-coordinated events and downstream effector functions. Together, these steps enable elegant experimental readouts with which to reliably assess the successful activation of the inflammasome complex and cell death. Here, we describe a comprehensive protocol that details several in vitro (in bone marrow-derived macrophages) and in vivo (in mice) strategies for activating the inflammasome and explain how to subsequently assess multiple downstream effects in parallel to unequivocally establish the activation status of the inflammasome and cell death pathways. Our workflow assesses inflammasome activation via the formation of the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) speck; cleavage of caspase-1 and gasdermin D; release of IL-1β, IL-18, caspase-1, and lactate dehydrogenase from the cell; and real-time analysis of cell death by imaging. Analyses take up to ~24 h to complete. Overall, our multifaceted approach provides a comprehensive and consistent protocol for assessing inflammasome activation and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Tweedell
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Snell LM, MacLeod BL, Law JC, Osokine I, Elsaesser HJ, Hezaveh K, Dickson RJ, Gavin MA, Guidos CJ, McGaha TL, Brooks DG. CD8 + T Cell Priming in Established Chronic Viral Infection Preferentially Directs Differentiation of Memory-like Cells for Sustained Immunity. Immunity 2018; 49:678-694.e5. [PMID: 30314757 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ T cell exhaustion impedes control of chronic viral infection; yet how new T cell responses are mounted during chronic infection is unclear. Unlike T cells primed at the onset of infection that rapidly differentiate into effectors and exhaust, we demonstrate that virus-specific CD8+ T cells primed after establishment of chronic LCMV infection preferentially generate memory-like transcription factor TCF1+ cells that were transcriptionally and proteomically distinct, less exhausted, and more responsive to immunotherapy. Mechanistically, adaptations of antigen-presenting cells and diminished T cell signaling intensity promoted differentiation of the memory-like subset at the expense of rapid effector cell differentiation, which was now highly dependent on IL-21-mediated CD4+ T cell help for its functional generation. Chronic viral infection similarly redirected de novo differentiation of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells, ultimately preventing cancer control. Thus, targeting these T cell stimulatory pathways could enable strategies to control chronic infection, tumors, and enhance immunotherapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Snell
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9 Canada
| | - Bethany L MacLeod
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9 Canada
| | - Jaclyn C Law
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9 Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Ivan Osokine
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
| | - Heidi J Elsaesser
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9 Canada
| | - Kebria Hezaveh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9 Canada
| | - Russell J Dickson
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9 Canada
| | - Marc A Gavin
- Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101 USA
| | - Cynthia J Guidos
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8 Canada; Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4 Canada
| | - Tracy L McGaha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9 Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - David G Brooks
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9 Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8 Canada.
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Shi Z, Jiang W, Wang M, Wang X, Li X, Chen X, Qiao L. Inhibition of JAK/STAT pathway restrains TSLP-activated dendritic cells mediated inflammatory T helper type 2 cell response in allergic rhinitis. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 430:161-169. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-2963-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Fu RH, Tsai CW, Tsai RT, Liu SP, Chan TM, Ho YC, Lin HL, Chen YM, Hung HS, Chiu SC, Tsai CH, Wang YC, Shyu WC, Lin SZ. Irisflorentin Modifies Properties of Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells and Reduces the Allergic Contact Hypersensitivity Responses. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:573-88. [PMID: 25654487 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x687002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisflorentin is an isoflavone component derived from the roots of Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. In traditional Chinese medicine, this herb has pharmacological properties to treat inflammatory disorders. Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial modulators for the development of optimal T-cell immunity and maintenance of tolerance. Aberrant activation of DCs can induce harmful immune responses, and so agents that effectively improve DC properties have great clinical value. We herein investigated the effects of irisflorentin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated maturation of mouse bone marrow-derived DCs in vitro and in the contact hypersensitivity response (CHSR) in vivo. Our results demonstrated that treatment with up to 40 μM irisflorentin does not cause cellular toxicity. Irisflorentin significantly lessened the proinflammatory cytokine production (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-12p70) by LPS-stimulated DCs. Irisflorentin also inhibited the expression of LPS-induced major histocompatibility complex class II and costimulatory molecules (CD40 and CD86) on LPS-stimulated DCs. In addition, irisflorentin diminished LPS-stimulated DC-elicited allogeneic T-cell proliferation. Furthermore, irisflorentin significantly interfered with LPS-induced activation of IκB kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38, as well as the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. Subsequently, treatment with irisflorentin obviously weakened 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity. These findings suggest new insights into the role of irisflorentin as an immunotherapeutic adjuvant through its capability to modulate the properties of DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Tzong Tsai
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Min Chan
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital-China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Ho
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Lien Lin
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Mi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Shan Hung
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chih Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hai Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Wang
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital-China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
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