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Thermochromic Materials as Passive Roof Technology: Their Impact on Building Energy Performance. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15062161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few years, new materials have been developed which a priori, appear to improve passive energy efficiency in buildings. This article focuses on chromogenic devices that allow changing their optical properties in a reversible manner through some external stimulus. The covering of the envelopes may have different textures or colors, which determine the amount of solar radiation absorbed by the material compared to the incident radiation. In buildings with a high percentage of roof relative to façade, the surface finish plays an interesting role in the energy demand. In the present work, the influence of the application of thermochromic materials to the roofs of commercial buildings is analyzed. It has been demonstrated that the application of a thermochromic surface finish can produce savings of annual energy demand between 1% and 12% in kilowatt-hours and kilograms of CO2 and they become more significant for construction solutions with higher transmittances values. Then, the impact of applying a thermochromic finish per day is analyzed and which transition temperature range will be the most optimal to the highest energy performance is discussed. At the same time, an assessment is made of the optimal cost; although economic investment is not currently amortized, it is a good resource for reducing energy demand in buildings.
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Shchegolkov AV, Jang SH, Shchegolkov AV, Rodionov YV, Sukhova AO, Lipkin MS. A Brief Overview of Electrochromic Materials and Related Devices: A Nanostructured Materials Perspective. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092376. [PMID: 34578692 PMCID: PMC8472674 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exactly 50 years ago, the first article on electrochromism was published. Today electrochromic materials are highly popular in various devices. Interest in nanostructured electrochromic and nanocomposite organic/inorganic nanostructured electrochromic materials has increased in the last decade. These materials can enhance the electrochemical and electrochromic properties of devices related to them. This article describes electrochromic materials, proposes their classification and systematization for organic inorganic and nanostructured electrochromic materials, identifies their advantages and shortcomings, analyzes current tendencies in the development of nanomaterials used in electrochromic coatings (films) and their practical use in various optical devices for protection from light radiation, in particular, their use as light filters and light modulators for optoelectronic devices, as well as methods for their preparation. The modern technologies of “Smart Windows”, which are based on chromogenic materials and liquid crystals, are analyzed, and their advantages and disadvantages are also given. Various types of chromogenic materials are presented, examples of which include photochromic, thermochromic and gasochromic materials, as well as the main physical effects affecting changes in their optical properties. Additionally, this study describes electrochromic technologies based on WO3 films prepared by different methods, such as electrochemical deposition, magnetron sputtering, spray pyrolysis, sol–gel, etc. An example of an electrochromic “Smart Window” based on WO3 is shown in the article. A modern analysis of electrochromic devices based on nanostructured materials used in various applications is presented. The paper discusses the causes of internal and external size effects in the process of modifying WO3 electrochromic films using nanomaterials, in particular, GO/rGO nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei Viktorovich Shchegolkov
- Department of Chemical Technologies, Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), 346428 Novocherkassk, Russia;
- Correspondence: (A.V.S.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Sung-Hwan Jang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan 15588, Korea
- Correspondence: (A.V.S.); (S.-H.J.)
| | | | - Yuri Viktorovich Rodionov
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Graphics, Tambov State Technical University, 392000 Tambov, Russia;
| | - Anna Olegovna Sukhova
- Department of Nature Management and Environment Protection, Tambov State Technical University, 392000 Tambov, Russia;
| | - Mikhail Semenovich Lipkin
- Department of Chemical Technologies, Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), 346428 Novocherkassk, Russia;
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Jiang N, Ruan SH, Liu XM, Zhu D, Li B, Bryce MR. Supramolecular Oligourethane Gel with Multicolor Luminescence Controlled by Mechanically Sensitive Hydrogen-Bonding. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020; 32:5776-5784. [PMID: 32905361 PMCID: PMC7469221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c01620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a new type of mechanically sensitive multicolor luminescent oligourethane gel (OUA-gel). The conformation of the oligomeric chains can be controlled by changing the strength of hydrogen bonds. The optical properties of the oligomers are highly dependent on the conformations which vary in response to mechanical stresses and phase transitions. The design relies on the introduction of a single mechanical chromophore, aurintricarboxylic acid, with propeller-like, spatially crowded, and highly twisted conformations, and the presence of three carboxyl groups, which provide multidirectional hydrogen-bonding opportunities. Introducing dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as an additional H-bond acceptor molecule leads to a viscous OUA-gel which exhibits multiemission colors because of changes in the chain conformation within the matrix, which are induced by different strengths of H bonds. The conformation can be adjusted by mechanical force or temperature, both of which influence the H-bonding. The multifunctional and multicolored mechanochromism of the OUA-gel has great promise in sensing applications. The results represent a substantial step toward understanding the mechanism of polychromism in soft materials and the molecular design of advanced smart materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of
Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province,
Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Street No. 5268, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Shi-Hao Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Man Liu
- Key Laboratory of
Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province,
Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Street No. 5268, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Dongxia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of
Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province,
Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Street No. 5268, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Bing Li
- College of Physics, Changchun
Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Martin R. Bryce
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
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Mehta L, Wadgaonkar K, Suryawanshi M, Jagtap R. Solvent-free microwave-assisted synthesis and characterization of polybenzoxazine as a thermochromic material for smart coatings. Colloid Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-019-04491-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kosuge T, Zhu X, Lau VM, Aoki D, Martinez TJ, Moore JS, Otsuka H. Multicolor Mechanochromism of a Polymer/Silica Composite with Dual Distinct Mechanophores. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:1898-1902. [PMID: 30676738 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of a multicolor mechanochromic polymer/silica composite is achieved by using two distinct types of mechanochromophores. The multicolor mechanochromism of the composite containing diarylbibenzofuranone in silica-rich domains and naphthopyran in the polymer-rich domain is observed. The obtained composite shows blue, green, and orange colors according to the intensity of applied mechanical stimuli, solvent addition, and lapse of time. This unique multicolor mechanochromic behavior is evaluated by solid-state UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, ab initio steered molecular dynamics simulations, and computed minimum energy paths on force-modified potential energy surfaces. The unique mechanochromism is attributed to the difference in properties, activated colors, and domain locations between the two mechanochromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kosuge
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 Ookayama , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan.,Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Vivian M Lau
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Daisuke Aoki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 Ookayama , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan.,Research Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 Ookayama , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
| | - Todd J Martinez
- Department of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Jeffrey S Moore
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Hideyuki Otsuka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 Ookayama , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan.,Research Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 Ookayama , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
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Lan X, Mochida T, Funasako Y, Takahashi K, Sakurai T, Ohta H. Thermochromic Magnetic Ionic Liquids from Cationic Nickel(II) Complexes Exhibiting Intramolecular Coordination Equilibrium. Chemistry 2016; 23:823-831. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Lan
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada; Kobe Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Mochida
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada; Kobe Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
| | - Yusuke Funasako
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering; Tokyo University of Science, Yamaguchi, Sanyo-Onoda; Yamaguchi 756-0884 Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada; Kobe Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
| | - Takahiro Sakurai
- Center for Supports to Research and Education Activities; Kobe University; Kobe Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohta
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science; Kobe University; Kobe Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center; Kobe University; Kobe Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
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Calvino C, Neumann L, Weder C, Schrettl S. Approaches to polymeric mechanochromic materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Calvino
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4; Fribourg 1700 Switzerland
| | - Laura Neumann
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4; Fribourg 1700 Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4; Fribourg 1700 Switzerland
| | - Stephen Schrettl
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4; Fribourg 1700 Switzerland
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