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Zhou R, Ohulchanskyy TY, Xu H, Ziniuk R, Qu J. Catalase Nanocrystals Loaded with Methylene Blue as Oxygen Self-Supplied, Imaging-Guided Platform for Photodynamic Therapy of Hypoxic Tumors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103569. [PMID: 34532978 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a well-known method for cancer therapy in the clinic. However, the inherent hypoxia microenvironment of solid tumors enormously restricts the PDT efficiency. Herein, catalase nanocrystals (CatCry) are introduced as in situ oxygen (O2 )-generating system to relieve tumor hypoxia and enhance PDT efficiency for solid tumors. After loading with photosensitizer methylene blue (MB), a PDT drug platform (CatCry-MB) emerges, allowing for significant increasing PDT efficiency instigated by three factors. First, the high stability and recyclable catalytic activity of CatCry enable a long-term endogenous H2 O2 decomposition for continuous O2 supply for sustained relief of tumor hypoxia. Second, both the produced O2 and loaded MB are confined within CatCry nanoporous structure, shortening the diffusion distance between O2 and MB to maximize the production of singlet oxygen (1 O2 ). Third, the MB molecules are uniformly dispersed within CatCry lattice, avoiding MB aggregation and causing more MB molecules be activated to produce more 1 O2 . With the three complementary mechanisms, tumor hypoxia is eradicated and the resulted enhancement in PDT efficiency is demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. The proposed approach opens up a new venue for the development of other O2 -dependent tumor treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renbin Zhou
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Tymish Y Ohulchanskyy
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Hao Xu
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Roman Ziniuk
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Junle Qu
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
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Cheng QD, Chung HY, Schubert R, Chia SH, Falke S, Mudogo CN, Kärtner FX, Chang G, Betzel C. Protein-crystal detection with a compact multimodal multiphoton microscope. Commun Biol 2020; 3:569. [PMID: 33051587 PMCID: PMC7553921 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing demand for rapid, effective methods to identify and detect protein micro- and nano-crystal suspensions for serial diffraction data collection at X-ray free-electron lasers or high-intensity micro-focus synchrotron radiation sources. Here, we demonstrate a compact multimodal, multiphoton microscope, driven by a fiber-based ultrafast laser, enabling excitation wavelengths at 775 nm and 1300 nm for nonlinear optical imaging, which simultaneously records second-harmonic generation, third-harmonic generation and three-photon excited ultraviolet fluorescence to identify and detect protein crystals with high sensitivity. The instrument serves as a valuable and important tool supporting sample scoring and sample optimization in biomolecular crystallography, which we hope will increase the capabilities and productivity of serial diffraction data collection in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-di Cheng
- Laboratory for Structural Biology of Infection and Inflammation, University of Hamburg, c/o DESY, Building 22a Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hsiang-Yu Chung
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Physics Department, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robin Schubert
- Laboratory for Structural Biology of Infection and Inflammation, University of Hamburg, c/o DESY, Building 22a Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- XFEL Biological Infrastructure Laboratory at the European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Shih-Hsuan Chia
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Physics Department, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sven Falke
- Laboratory for Structural Biology of Infection and Inflammation, University of Hamburg, c/o DESY, Building 22a Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Celestin Nzanzu Mudogo
- Laboratory for Structural Biology of Infection and Inflammation, University of Hamburg, c/o DESY, Building 22a Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franz X Kärtner
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
- Physics Department, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Guoqing Chang
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Christian Betzel
- Laboratory for Structural Biology of Infection and Inflammation, University of Hamburg, c/o DESY, Building 22a Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
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Abstract
This is a review of relevant Raman spectroscopy (RS) techniques and their use in structural biology, biophysics, cells, and tissues imaging towards development of various medical diagnostic tools, drug design, and other medical applications. Classical and contemporary structural studies of different water-soluble and membrane proteins, DNA, RNA, and their interactions and behavior in different systems were analyzed in terms of applicability of RS techniques and their complementarity to other corresponding methods. We show that RS is a powerful method that links the fundamental structural biology and its medical applications in cancer, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, atherosclerotic, and other diseases. In particular, the key roles of RS in modern technologies of structure-based drug design are the detection and imaging of membrane protein microcrystals with the help of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), which would help to further the development of protein structural crystallography and would result in a number of novel high-resolution structures of membrane proteins—drug targets; and, structural studies of photoactive membrane proteins (rhodopsins, photoreceptors, etc.) for the development of new optogenetic tools. Physical background and biomedical applications of spontaneous, stimulated, resonant, and surface- and tip-enhanced RS are also discussed. All of these techniques have been extensively developed during recent several decades. A number of interesting applications of CARS, resonant, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy methods are also discussed.
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