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Yang P, Song X, Zhang L, Wang X, Han Z, Wang R, Yang M, Liu P, Zhang Z. Unraveling the molecular landscape of breast muscle development in domestic Yuzhong pigeons and European meat pigeon: Insights from Iso-seq and RNA-seq analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305907. [PMID: 39052586 PMCID: PMC11271864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms governing gene regulation in domestic Yuzhong pigeon breast muscle development remain largely elusive. Here, we conducted a comparative analysis using Iso-seq and RNA-seq data from domestic Yuzhong pigeons and European meat pigeons to uncover signaling pathways and genes involved in breast muscle development. The Iso-seq data from domestic Yuzhong pigeons yielded 131,377,075 subreads, resulting in 16,587 non-redundant high-quality full-length transcripts post-correction. Furthermore, utilizing pfam, CPC, PLEK, and CPAT, we predicted 5575, 4973, 2333, and 4336 lncRNAs, respectively. Notably, several genes potentially implicated in breast muscle development were identified, including tropomyosin beta chain, myosin regulatory light chain 2, and myosin binding protein C. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed critical signaling pathways in breast muscle development, spanning carbon metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, estrogen signaling, PI3K-AKT signaling, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, oxidative phosphorylation, pentose phosphate pathway, fructose and mannose metabolism, and tight junctions. These findings offer insights into the biological processes driving breast muscle development in domestic Yuzhong pigeon, contributing to our understanding of this complex phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengkun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinghui Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liheng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinlei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhanbing Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Runzhi Wang
- Nanjing Institute of Animal Husbandry and Poultry Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingjun Yang
- Henan Tiancheng Pigeon Industry Co., Ltd, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Peiyao Liu
- Henan Tiancheng Pigeon Industry Co., Ltd, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
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2
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Calis S, Gevaert K. The role of Nα-terminal acetylation in protein conformation. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38923676 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Especially in higher eukaryotes, the N termini of proteins are subject to enzymatic modifications, with the acetylation of the alpha-amino group of nascent polypeptides being a prominent one. In recent years, the specificities and substrates of the enzymes responsible for this modification, the Nα-terminal acetyltransferases, have been mapped in several proteomic studies. Aberrant expression of, and mutations in these enzymes were found to be associated with several human diseases, explaining the growing interest in protein Nα-terminal acetylation. With some enzymes, such as the Nα-terminal acetyltransferase A complex having thousands of possible substrates, researchers are now trying to decipher the functional outcome of Nα-terminal protein acetylation. In this review, we zoom in on one possible functional consequence of Nα-terminal protein acetylation; its effect on protein folding. Using selected examples of proteins associated with human diseases such as alpha-synuclein and huntingtin, here, we discuss the sometimes contradictory findings of the effects of Nα-terminal protein acetylation on protein (mis)folding and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Calis
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
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3
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Fu Z, Sun G, Li J, Yu H. Identification of hub genes related to metastasis and prognosis of osteosarcoma and establishment of a prognostic model with bioinformatic methods. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38470. [PMID: 38847690 PMCID: PMC11155596 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor occurring in children and adolescents. Improvements in our understanding of the OS pathogenesis and metastatic mechanism on the molecular level might lead to notable advances in the treatment and prognosis of OS. Biomarkers related to OS metastasis and prognosis were analyzed and identified, and a prognostic model was established through the integration of bioinformatics tools and datasets in multiple databases. 2 OS datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database for data consolidation, standardization, batch effect correction, and identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs); following that, gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed on the DEGs; the STRING database was subsequently used for protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction and identification of hub genes; hub gene expression was validated, and survival analysis was conducted through the employment of the TARGET database; finally, a prognostic model was established and evaluated subsequent to the screening of survival-related genes. A total of 701 DEGs were identified; by gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses, the overlapping DEGs were enriched for 249 biological process terms, 13 cellular component terms, 35 molecular function terms, and 4 KEGG pathways; 13 hub genes were selected from the PPI network; 6 survival-related genes were identified by the survival analysis; the prognostic model suggested that 4 genes were strongly associated with the prognosis of OS. DEGs related to OS metastasis and survival were identified through bioinformatics analysis, and hub genes were further selected to establish an ideal prognostic model for OS patients. On this basis, 4 protective genes including TPM1, TPM2, TPM3, and TPM4 were yielded by the prognostic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Binzhou People’s Hospital, Binzhou,China
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guofeng Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Binzhou People’s Hospital, Binzhou,China
| | - Jingtian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Binzhou People’s Hospital, Binzhou,China
| | - Hongjian Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Binzhou People’s Hospital, Binzhou,China
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4
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Elkhoury K, Kodeih S, Enciso-Martínez E, Maziz A, Bergaud C. Advancing Cardiomyocyte Maturation: Current Strategies and Promising Conductive Polymer-Based Approaches. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303288. [PMID: 38349615 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of mortality and pose a significant burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Despite remarkable progress in medical research, the development of effective cardiovascular drugs has been hindered by high failure rates and escalating costs. One contributing factor is the limited availability of mature cardiomyocytes (CMs) for accurate disease modeling and drug screening. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived CMs offer a promising source of CMs; however, their immature phenotype presents challenges in translational applications. This review focuses on the road to achieving mature CMs by summarizing the major differences between immature and mature CMs, discussing the importance of adult-like CMs for drug discovery, highlighting the limitations of current strategies, and exploring potential solutions using electro-mechano active polymer-based scaffolds based on conductive polymers. However, critical considerations such as the trade-off between 3D systems and nutrient exchange, biocompatibility, degradation, cell adhesion, longevity, and integration into wider systems must be carefully evaluated. Continued advancements in these areas will contribute to a better understanding of cardiac diseases, improved drug discovery, and the development of personalized treatment strategies for patients with cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Elkhoury
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, F-31400, France
| | - Sacha Kodeih
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, P.O. Box 100, Lebanon
| | | | - Ali Maziz
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, F-31400, France
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5
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DePasquale JA. A comparison of teleost rodlet cells with apicomplexan cells. Acta Histochem 2024; 126:152167. [PMID: 38733697 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2024.152167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Rodlet cells are unique pear-shaped cells found primarily in the epithelium of the teleost fishes. The rodlet cell was first identified by Thèlohan in 1892 who named it Rhabdospora thelohani as it was believed to be a protozoan parasite of the phylum Apicomplexa. The rodlet cell as parasite paradigm persisted for several decades afterwards but has since faded in the last 20 years or so. The rodlet cell is now generally believed to be an immune cell, functioning as an early responder to parasite intrusion. This short review makes a detailed comparison of apicomplexan structure and behavior with that of the rodlet cell to further strengthen the argument against a parasitic nature for the fish cell. It is then proposed that apical microvilli of the rodlet cell serve as a mechanical trigger for rodlet discharge as possible defense against larger ectoparasites.
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6
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Dhar A, Bagyashree VT, Biswas S, Kumari J, Sridhara A, Jeevan Subodh B, Shekhar S, Palani S. Functional redundancy and formin-independent localization of tropomyosin isoforms in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.04.587703. [PMID: 38617342 PMCID: PMC11014519 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.04.587703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Tropomyosin is an actin binding protein which protects actin filaments from cofilin-mediated disassembly. Distinct tropomyosin isoforms have long been hypothesized to differentially sort to subcellular actin networks and impart distinct functionalities. Nevertheless, a mechanistic understanding of the interplay between Tpm isoforms and their functional contributions to actin dynamics has been lacking. In this study, we present acetylation-mimic engineered mNeonGreen-Tpm fusion proteins that exhibit complete functionality as a sole copy, surpassing limitations of existing probes and enabling real-time dynamic tracking of Tpm-actin filaments in vivo. Using these functional Tpm fusion proteins, we find that both Tpm1 and Tpm2 indiscriminately bind to actin filaments nucleated by either formin isoform- Bnr1 and Bni1 in vivo, in contrast to the long-held paradigm of Tpm-formin pairing. We also show that Tpm2 can protect and organize functional actin cables in absence of Tpm1. Overall, our work supports a concentration-dependent and formin-independent model of Tpm-actin binding and demonstrates for the first time, the functional redundancy of the paralog Tpm2 in actin cable maintenance in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubhav Dhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
- equal contribution
| | - VT Bagyashree
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
- equal contribution
| | - Sudipta Biswas
- Departments of Physics, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jayanti Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Amruta Sridhara
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - B Jeevan Subodh
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Shashank Shekhar
- Departments of Physics, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Saravanan Palani
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
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7
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Wang L, Liu C, Li L, Wei H, Wei W, Zhou Q, Chen Y, Meng T, Jiao R, Wang Z, Sun Q, Li W. RNF20 Regulates Oocyte Meiotic Spindle Assembly by Recruiting TPM3 to Centromeres and Spindle Poles. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306986. [PMID: 38240347 PMCID: PMC10987117 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Previously a ring finger protein 20 (RNF20) is found to be essential for meiotic recombination and mediates H2B ubiquitination during spermatogenesis. However, its role in meiotic division is still unknown. Here, it is shown that RNF20 is localized at both centromeres and spindle poles, and it is required for oocyte acentrosomal spindle organization and female fertility. RNF20-depleted oocytes exhibit severely abnormal spindle and chromosome misalignment caused by defective bipolar organization. Notably, it is found that the function of RNF20 in spindle assembly is not dependent on its E3 ligase activity. Instead, RNF20 regulates spindle assembly by recruiting tropomyosin3 (TPM3) to both centromeres and spindle poles with its coiled-coil motif. The RNF20-TPM3 interaction is essential for acentrosomal meiotic spindle assembly. Together, the studies uncover a novel function for RNF20 in mediating TPM3 recruitment to both centromeres and spindle poles during oocyte spindle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Wang
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510623China
| | - Chao Liu
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510623China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of ZoologyStem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Innovation InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Li Li
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510623China
| | - Huafang Wei
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510623China
| | - Wei Wei
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510623China
| | - Qiuxing Zhou
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510623China
| | - Yinghong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of ZoologyStem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Innovation InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Tie‐Gang Meng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Reproductive HealthGuangdong‐Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint LaboratoryReproductive Medicine CenterGuangdong Second Provincial General HospitalGuangzhou510317China
| | - Renjie Jiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510182China
| | - Zhen‐Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of ZoologyStem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Innovation InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Qing‐Yuan Sun
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Reproductive HealthGuangdong‐Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint LaboratoryReproductive Medicine CenterGuangdong Second Provincial General HospitalGuangzhou510317China
| | - Wei Li
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510623China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of ZoologyStem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Innovation InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
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8
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Zhong D, Bu L, Habib MR, Lu L, Yan G, Zhang SM. A haplotype-like, chromosome-level assembled and annotated genome of Biomphalaria glabrata, an important intermediate host of schistosomiasis and the best studied model of schistosomiasis vector snails. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011983. [PMID: 38421953 PMCID: PMC10903818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is one of the world's most devastating parasitic diseases, afflicting 251 million people globally. The Neotropical snail Biomphalaria glabrata is an important intermediate host of the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni and a predominant model for schistosomiasis research. To fully exploit this model snail for biomedical research, here we report a haplotype-like, chromosome-level assembled and annotated genome of the homozygous iM line of B. glabrata that we developed at the University of New Mexico. Using multiple sequencing platforms, including Illumina, PacBio, and Omni-C sequencing, 18 sequence contact matrices representing 18 haploid chromosomes (2n = 36) were generated (337x genome coverage), and 96.5% of the scaffold sequences were anchored to the 18 chromosomes. Protein-coding genes (n = 34,559), non-coding RNAs (n = 2,406), and repetitive elements (42.52% of the genome) were predicted for the whole genome, and detailed annotations for individual chromosomes were also provided. Using this genomic resource, we have investigated the genomic structure and organization of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) and fibrinogen-domain containing protein (FReD) genes, the two important immune-related gene families. Notably, TLR-like genes are scattered on 13 chromosomes. In contrast, almost all (39 of 40) fibrinogen-related genes (FREPs) (immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) + fibrinogen (FBG)) are clustered within a 5-million nucleotide region on chromosome 13, yielding insight into mechanisms involved in the diversification of FREPs. This is the first genome of schistosomiasis vector snails that has been assembled at the chromosome level, annotated, and analyzed. It serves as a valuable resource for a deeper understanding of the biology of vector snails, especially Biomphalaria snails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daibin Zhong
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Lijing Bu
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Mohamed R. Habib
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Lijun Lu
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Guiyun Yan
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Si-Ming Zhang
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
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9
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Zhou X, Li Z, Chen H, Jiao M, Zhou C, Li H. Relevance Analysis of TPM2 and Clinicopathological Characteristics in Breast Cancer. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:59-74. [PMID: 38221941 PMCID: PMC10788065 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s442004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The function of tropomyosin 2 (TPM2) in breast cancer is still far understudied. In this study, we aim to explore the roles of TPM2 in breast cancer progression. Methods This research included 155 breast cancer tissues. The expression of TPM2 was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and grading. The mRNA expression of TPM2 in pan-cancer was analyzed with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data plate form. The differential expression of TPM2 protein and the differential promoter methylation level of TPM2 between breast cancer tissues and normal breast tissues were analyzed by the UALCAN online database. The relationship between TPM2 and signaling pathways was interpreted by Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) pathway enrichment analyses. The survival curve of TPM2 was analyzed across the Kaplan-Meier plotter online database. Furthermore, the relationship between TPM2 expression and infiltrating macrophages was validated through in vitro co-culture experiments. Results TPM2 expression was significantly down-regulated in breast cancer samples. In addition, TPM2 expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis and high-grade histopathological morphology. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve indicated that TPM2 expression could well distinguish between normal breast tissue and breast cancer tissue. TPM2 may have potential value in breast cancer diagnosis. Bioinformatics analysis illustrated that TPM2 was mainly involved in extracellular matrix organization, collagen fibril organization, cell junction assembly, focal adhesion, cAMP signaling pathway, estrogen signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, and adaptive immune system. TPM2 expression was correlated with immune infiltrating cells and immune checkpoint molecules. Our in vitro co-culture experiments showed that the M2 macrophages could upregulate the expression of TPM2. Conclusion TPM2 may play key roles in breast cancer occurrence and development, especially in cancer metastasis. TPM2 may be a potential biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhishuang Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Jiao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengjun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Li S, Chu KH, Wai CYY. Genomics of Shrimp Allergens and Beyond. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2145. [PMID: 38136967 PMCID: PMC10742822 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergy to shellfishes, including mollusks and crustaceans, is a growing health concern worldwide. Crustacean shellfish is one of the "Big Eight" allergens designated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and is the major cause of food-induced anaphylaxis. Shrimp is one of the most consumed crustaceans triggering immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic reactions. Over the past decades, the allergen repertoire of shrimp has been unveiled based on conventional immunodetection methods. With the availability of genomic data for penaeid shrimp and other technological advancements like transcriptomic approaches, new shrimp allergens have been identified and directed new insights into their expression levels, cross-reactivity, and functional impact. In this review paper, we summarize the current knowledge on shrimp allergens, as well as allergens from other crustaceans and mollusks. Specific emphasis is put on the genomic information of the shrimp allergens, their protein characteristics, and cross-reactivity among shrimp and other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.L.); (K.H.C.)
| | - Ka Hou Chu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.L.); (K.H.C.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Christine Yee Yan Wai
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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11
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Lambert MR, Gussoni E. Tropomyosin 3 (TPM3) function in skeletal muscle and in myopathy. Skelet Muscle 2023; 13:18. [PMID: 37936227 PMCID: PMC10629095 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-023-00327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The tropomyosin genes (TPM1-4) contribute to the functional diversity of skeletal muscle fibers. Since its discovery in 1988, the TPM3 gene has been recognized as an indispensable regulator of muscle contraction in slow muscle fibers. Recent advances suggest that TPM3 isoforms hold more extensive functions during skeletal muscle development and in postnatal muscle. Additionally, mutations in the TPM3 gene have been associated with the features of congenital myopathies. The use of different in vitro and in vivo model systems has leveraged the discovery of several disease mechanisms associated with TPM3-related myopathy. Yet, the precise mechanisms by which TPM3 mutations lead to muscle dysfunction remain unclear. This review consolidates over three decades of research about the role of TPM3 in skeletal muscle. Overall, the progress made has led to a better understanding of the phenotypic spectrum in patients affected by mutations in this gene. The comprehensive body of work generated over these decades has also laid robust groundwork for capturing the multiple functions this protein plays in muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias R Lambert
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Emanuela Gussoni
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- The Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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12
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Ma Z, Yan XM, Geng J, Gao L, Du W, Li HB, Yuan LX, Zhou ZY, Zhang JS, Zhang Y, Chen L. Genome-wide identification and analysis of TMT-based proteomes in longissimus dorsi tissue from Kazakh cattle and Xinjiang brown cattle. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:1261-1272. [PMID: 34965845 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.2019756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
With the gradual completion of the human genome project, proteomes have gained extremely important value in the fields of human disease and biological process research. In our previous research, we performed transcriptomic analyses of longissimus dorsi tissue from Kazakh cattle and Xinjiang brown cattle and conducted in-depth studies on the muscles of both species through epigenetics. However, it is unclear whether differentially expressed proteins in Kazakh cattle and Xinjiang brown cattle regulate muscle production and development. In this study, a proteomic analysis was performed on Xinjiang brown cattle and Kazakh cattle by using TMT markers, HPLC classification, LC/MS and bioinformatics analysis. A total of 13,078 peptides were identified, including 11,258 unique peptides. We identified a total of 1874 proteins, among which 1565 were quantifiable. Compared to Kazakh cattle, Xinjiang brown cattle exhibited 75 upregulated proteins and 44 downregulated proteins. These differentially expressed proteins were enriched for the functions of adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes, fatty acid degradation and glutathione metabolism. In our research, we found differentially expressed proteins in longissimus dorsi tissue between Kazakh cattle and Xinjiang brown cattle. We predict that these proteins regulate muscle production and development through select enriched signaling pathways. This study provides novel insights into the roles of proteomes in cattle genetics and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ma
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Husbandry, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiang-Min Yan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Husbandry, Urumqi, China
| | - Juan Geng
- Xinjiang Animal Husbandry General Station, Urumqi, China
| | - Liang Gao
- Yili Vocational and Technical College, Yili, China
| | - Wei Du
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Husbandry, Urumqi, China
| | - Hong-Bo Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Husbandry, Urumqi, China
| | - Li-Xing Yuan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Husbandry, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhen-Yong Zhou
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Husbandry, Urumqi, China
| | - Jin-Shan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Husbandry, Urumqi, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Husbandry, Urumqi, China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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13
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Xu Y, Ahmed I, Zhao Z, Lv L. A comprehensive review on glycation and its potential application to reduce food allergenicity. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-23. [PMID: 37683268 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2248510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Food allergens are a major concern for individuals who are susceptible to food allergies and may experience various health issues due to allergens in their food. Most allergenic foods are subjected to heat treatment before being consumed. However, thermal processing and prolonged storage can cause glycation reactions to occur in food. The glycation reaction is a common processing method requiring no special chemicals or equipment. It may affect the allergenicity of proteins by altering the structure of the epitope, revealing hidden epitopes, concealing linear epitopes, or creating new ones. Changes in food allergenicity following glycation processing depend on several factors, including the allergen's characteristics, processing parameters, and matrix, and are therefore hard to predict. This review examines how glycation reactions affect the allergenicity of different allergen groups in allergenic foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ishfaq Ahmed
- Haide College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhengxi Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liangtao Lv
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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14
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Ono S, Watabe E, Morisaki K, Ono K, Kuroyanagi H. Alternative splicing of a single exon causes a major impact on the affinity of Caenorhabditis elegans tropomyosin isoforms for actin filaments. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1208913. [PMID: 37745299 PMCID: PMC10512467 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1208913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosin is generally known as an actin-binding protein that regulates actomyosin interaction and actin filament stability. In metazoans, multiple tropomyosin isoforms are expressed, and some of them are involved in generating subpopulations of actin cytoskeleton in an isoform-specific manner. However, functions of many tropomyosin isoforms remain unknown. Here, we report identification of a novel alternative exon in the Caenorhabditis elegans tropomyosin gene and characterization of the effects of alternative splicing on the properties of tropomyosin isoforms. Previous studies have reported six tropomyosin isoforms encoded by the C. elegans lev-11 tropomyosin gene. We identified a seventh isoform, LEV-11U, that contained a novel alternative exon, exon 7c (E7c). LEV-11U is a low-molecular-weight tropomyosin isoform that differs from LEV-11T only at the exon 7-encoded region. In silico analyses indicated that the E7c-encoded peptide sequence was unfavorable for coiled-coil formation and distinct from other tropomyosin isoforms in the pattern of electrostatic surface potentials. In vitro, LEV-11U bound poorly to actin filaments, whereas LEV-11T bound to actin filaments in a saturable manner. When these isoforms were transgenically expressed in the C. elegans striated muscle, LEV-11U was present in the diffuse cytoplasm with tendency to form aggregates, whereas LEV-11T co-localized with sarcomeric actin filaments. Worms with a mutation in E7c showed reduced motility and brood size, suggesting that this exon is important for the optimal health. These results indicate that alternative splicing of a single exon can produce biochemically diverged tropomyosin isoforms and suggest that a tropomyosin isoform with poor actin affinity has a novel biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Ono
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Eichi Watabe
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keita Morisaki
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kanako Ono
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Hidehito Kuroyanagi
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of the Ryukyus Graduate School of Medicine, Okinawa, Japan
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15
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Parry DAD. 50 Years of the steric-blocking mechanism in vertebrate skeletal muscle: a retrospective. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2023; 44:133-141. [PMID: 35789471 PMCID: PMC10542282 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-022-09619-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fifty years have now passed since Parry and Squire proposed a detailed structural model that explained how tropomyosin, mediated by troponin, played a steric-blocking role in the regulation of vertebrate skeletal muscle. In this Special Issue dedicated to the memory of John Squire it is an opportune time to look back on this research and to appreciate John's key contributions. A review is also presented of a selection of the developments and insights into muscle regulation that have occurred in the years since this proposal was formulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A D Parry
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.
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16
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Dowling P, Gargan S, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Fiber-Type Shifting in Sarcopenia of Old Age: Proteomic Profiling of the Contractile Apparatus of Skeletal Muscles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032415. [PMID: 36768735 PMCID: PMC9916839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and concomitant reduction in contractile strength plays a central role in frailty syndrome. Age-related neuronal impairments are closely associated with sarcopenia in the elderly, which is characterized by severe muscular atrophy that can considerably lessen the overall quality of life at old age. Mass-spectrometry-based proteomic surveys of senescent human skeletal muscles, as well as animal models of sarcopenia, have decisively improved our understanding of the molecular and cellular consequences of muscular atrophy and associated fiber-type shifting during aging. This review outlines the mass spectrometric identification of proteome-wide changes in atrophying skeletal muscles, with a focus on contractile proteins as potential markers of changes in fiber-type distribution patterns. The observed trend of fast-to-slow transitions in individual human skeletal muscles during the aging process is most likely linked to a preferential susceptibility of fast-twitching muscle fibers to muscular atrophy. Studies with senescent animal models, including mostly aged rodent skeletal muscles, have confirmed fiber-type shifting. The proteomic analysis of fast versus slow isoforms of key contractile proteins, such as myosin heavy chains, myosin light chains, actins, troponins and tropomyosins, suggests them as suitable bioanalytical tools of fiber-type transitions during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Stephen Gargan
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Dieter Swandulla
- Institute of Physiology, University of Bonn, D53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-1-7083842
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Sun P. Overexpression of TPM4 is associated with worse prognosis and immune infiltration in patients with glioma. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:17. [PMID: 36639743 PMCID: PMC9837963 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03058-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tropomyosin 4 (TPM4), a member of the tropomyosin family, is aberrantly expressed and plays an important role in a variety of cancers. However, studies on TPM4 in glioma patients are currently lacking. OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic characteristics of TPM4 in glioma and its correlation with immune infiltration. METHODS Bioinformatic analysis was performed to determine whether TPM4 has diagnostic and prognostic value for glioma. The following databases and analytical tools were used to explore the clinical significance of TPM4 in glioma: TCGA, GTEx, GEO, STRING, and TISIDB. RESULTS Our study showed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of TPM4 were significantly higher in glioma than in healthy brain tissue. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that high expression of TPM4 in glioma correlated with poor prognosis. Univariate Cox analysis indicated that the high expression level of TPM4 in glioma was an independent prognostic characteristic for low overall survival (OS). The areas under the 1-year survival ROC, 2-year survival ROC, and 3-year survival ROC were all greater than 0.8. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis and GSEA showed that humoral immune response and cytokine receptor interaction were significantly enriched in the TPM4 high expression group, where M phase of the cell cycle, neutrophil degranulation, signaling by interleukins, and signaling by rho GTPases were significantly enriched. Furthermore, according to the analysis of immune cell infiltration, TPM4 was associated with tumor infiltration of a variety of immune cells. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our study suggests that TPM4 may be an effective prognostic biomarker for glioma patients, providing new ideas and research directions for glioma research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- grid.410645.20000 0001 0455 0905Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong Province China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- grid.268079.20000 0004 1790 6079Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong Province China
| | - Zeyu Wu
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong Province China
| | - Peng Sun
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong Province China
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De Novo Asp219Val Mutation in Cardiac Tropomyosin Associated with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010018. [PMID: 36613463 PMCID: PMC9820293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), caused by mutations in thin filament proteins, manifests as moderate cardiac hypertrophy and is associated with sudden cardiac death (SCD). We identified a new de novo variant, c.656A>T (p.D219V), in the TPM1 gene encoding cardiac tropomyosin 1.1 (Tpm) in a young SCD victim with post-mortem-diagnosed HCM. We produced recombinant D219V Tpm1.1 and studied its structural and functional properties using various biochemical and biophysical methods. The D219V mutation did not affect the Tpm affinity for F-actin but increased the thermal stability of the Tpm molecule and Tpm-F-actin complex. The D219V mutation significantly increased the Ca2+ sensitivity of the sliding velocity of thin filaments over cardiac myosin in an in vitro motility assay and impaired the inhibition of the filament sliding at low Ca2+ concentration. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation provided insight into a possible molecular mechanism of the effect of the mutation that is most likely a cause of the weakening of the Tpm interaction with actin in the "closed" state and so makes it an easier transition to the “open” state. The changes in the Ca2+ regulation of the actin-myosin interaction characteristic of genetic HCM suggest that the mutation is likely pathogenic.
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19
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Keyt LK, Duran JM, Bui QM, Chen C, Miyamoto MI, Silva Enciso J, Tardiff JC, Adler ED. Thin filament cardiomyopathies: A review of genetics, disease mechanisms, and emerging therapeutics. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:972301. [PMID: 36158814 PMCID: PMC9489950 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.972301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
All muscle contraction occurs due to the cyclical interaction between sarcomeric thin and thick filament proteins within the myocyte. The thin filament consists of the proteins actin, tropomyosin, Troponin C, Troponin I, and Troponin T. Mutations in these proteins can result in various forms of cardiomyopathy, including hypertrophic, restrictive, and dilated phenotypes and account for as many as 30% of all cases of inherited cardiomyopathy. There is significant evidence that thin filament mutations contribute to dysregulation of Ca2+ within the sarcomere and may have a distinct pathomechanism of disease from cardiomyopathy associated with thick filament mutations. A number of distinct clinical findings appear to be correlated with thin-filament mutations: greater degrees of restrictive cardiomyopathy and relatively less left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and LV outflow tract obstruction than that seen with thick filament mutations, increased morbidity associated with heart failure, increased arrhythmia burden and potentially higher mortality. Most therapies that improve outcomes in heart failure blunt the neurohormonal pathways involved in cardiac remodeling, while most therapies for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy involve use of negative inotropes to reduce LV hypertrophy or septal reduction therapies to reduce LV outflow tract obstruction. None of these therapies directly address the underlying sarcomeric dysfunction associated with thin-filament mutations. With mounting evidence that thin filament cardiomyopathies occur through a distinct mechanism, there is need for therapies targeting the unique, underlying mechanisms tailored for each patient depending on a given mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas K. Keyt
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jason M. Duran
- Department of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Quan M. Bui
- Department of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Jorge Silva Enciso
- Department of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jil C. Tardiff
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Eric D. Adler
- Department of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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20
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Tian Z, Zhao J, Wang Y. The prognostic value of TPM1-4 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2021; 11:433-446. [PMID: 34850589 PMCID: PMC8729055 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite advances in multiple disciplinary diagnoses and treatments, the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains poor. Some evidence has identified that the aberrant expression of tropomyosins (TPMs) is involved with some cancers development. However, prognostic values of TPMs in HCC have not been thoroughly investigated. Methods Original TPM1–4 mRNA expression of TCGA HCC data and GTEx was downloaded from UCSC XENA. Oncomine database and GSE46408 were used for verification. Clinical stages and survival analysis of TPM1–4 in HCC were performed by GEPIA2. cBioPortal was utilized to assess TPM1–4 gene alteration in HCC. TIMER2.0 was used for investigating the relevance of TPM1–4 to tumor‐infiltrating immune cells in HCC. Additionally, we constructed a TPM1–4 prognostic model to explore the value of TPM1–4 for prognostic evaluation in HCC. LinkedOmics was applied to elucidate TPM3 co‐expression networks in HCC. Results This present study showed that TPM1–4 was upregulated in all HCC tissues, and TPM3 overexpression was correlated with poor survival outcomes in patients with HCC. Besides, TPM3 amplification was the main altered type in TPM1–4 genetic alteration, which affected the prognosis of HCC patients. The risk model revealed that TPM1, TPM2, and TPM3 were applied to risk assessment of HCC prognosis, among which TPM3 expression was significantly higher in the high‐risk group than that in the low‐risk group. Univariate and multivariate cox regression analyses indicated that TPM3 may be an independent prognostic factor of HCC prognosis. In addition, TPM3 co‐expression genes mainly participated in the cell cycle by maintaining microtubule cytoskeleton in HCC progression. TPM1–4 was associated with some tumor‐infiltrating immune cells in HCC. Conclusion Our study detected that the expression level of TPM1–4 was all remarkably elevated in HCC, suggesting that TPM1–4 may serve an important role in HCC development. High TPM3 expression was found to be correlated with poor overall survival, and TPM3 may be an independent prognostic factor for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Tian
- Gastroenterology Ward One, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Gastroenterology Ward One, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yusheng Wang
- Gastroenterology Ward One, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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21
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Kuruba B, Kaczmarek M, Kęsik-Brodacka M, Fojutowska M, Śliwinska M, Kostyukova AS, Moraczewska J. Structural Effects of Disease-Related Mutations in Actin-Binding Period 3 of Tropomyosin. Molecules 2021; 26:6980. [PMID: 34834072 PMCID: PMC8622905 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosin (Tpm) is an actin-binding coiled-coil protein. In muscle, it regulates contractions in a troponin/Ca2+-dependent manner and controls the thin filament lengths at the pointed end. Due to its size and periodic structure, it is difficult to observe small local structural changes in the coiled coil caused by disease-related mutations. In this study, we designed 97-residue peptides, Tpm1.164-154 and Tpm3.1265-155, focusing on the actin-binding period 3 of two muscle isoforms. Using these peptides, we evaluated the effects of cardiomyopathy mutations: I92T and V95A in Tpm1.1, and congenital myopathy mutations R91P and R91C in Tpm3.12. We introduced a cysteine at the N-terminus of each fragment to promote the formation of the coiled-coil structure by disulfide bonds. Dimerization of the designed peptides was confirmed by gel electrophoresis in the presence and absence of dithiothreitol. Using circular dichroism, we showed that all mutations decreased coiled coil stability, with Tpm3.1265-155R91P and Tpm1.164-154I92T having the most drastic effects. Our experiments also indicated that adding the N-terminal cysteine increased coiled coil stability demonstrating that our design can serve as an effective tool in studying the coiled-coil fragments of various proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaganesh Kuruba
- Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA; (B.K.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Marta Kaczmarek
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-671 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.K.); (M.F.); (M.Ś.)
| | | | - Magdalena Fojutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-671 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.K.); (M.F.); (M.Ś.)
| | - Małgorzata Śliwinska
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-671 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.K.); (M.F.); (M.Ś.)
| | - Alla S. Kostyukova
- Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA; (B.K.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Joanna Moraczewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-671 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.K.); (M.F.); (M.Ś.)
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22
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Abstract
The prototypic and ubiquitous microtubule motor, kinesin-1, uses a variety of adaptor proteins to facilitate the selective transport of diverse cargo within the cell. These cargo adaptors bind to the motor complex through interactions with the kinesin light or heavy chains (KLCs or KHCs). In this issue of Genes & Development, Dimitrova-Paternoga et al. (pp. 976-991) present the first structural characterization of a KHC-cargo adaptor interface. They describe an antiparallel heterotrimeric coiled-coil complex between the carboxy tail of KHC and Tm1-I/C (aTm1), the atypical tropomyosin that is important for oskar mRNA transport in Drosophila oocytes. This interaction enhances direct binding between KHC and RNA. Their findings demonstrate the structural plasticity of the KHC tail as a platform for protein-protein interactions and reveal how a cargo adaptor protein can modify a motor-RNA interface to promote transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Cross
- School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom.,School of Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Derek N Woolfson
- School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom.,School of Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom.,Bristol BioDesign Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
| | - Mark P Dodding
- School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
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23
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Qi M, Li L, Tang X, Lu Y, Wang M, Yang J, Zhang M. Nicotine promotes the development of oral leukoplakia via regulating peroxiredoxin 1 and its binding proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e10931. [PMID: 34076143 PMCID: PMC8186375 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2020e10931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production extensively in cells, which is a major risk factor for oral leukoplakia (OLK) development. Peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1) is a key antioxidant protein, upregulated in a variety of malignant tumors. We previously found that nicotine, the main ingredient of tobacco, promotes oral carcinogenesis via regulating Prx1. The aim of the present study was to screen and identify the Prx1 interacting proteins and investigate the mechanisms of nicotine on the development of OLK. Through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with bioinformatics analysis, the candidate Prx1 interacting proteins of cofilin-1 (CFL1), tropomyosin alpha-3 chain (TPM3), and serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform (PPP2R1A) were screened in human dysplastic oral keratinocyte cells treated with nicotine. CFL1, TPM3, and PPP2R1A were highly expressed in human OLK tissues. The expression of CFL1 increased and the expression of PPP2R1A decreased in OLK of smokers compared to that in OLK of non-smokers. Nicotine upregulated CFL1 and downregulated PPP2R1A in 4-nitro-quinoline-1-oxide (4NQO)-induced OLK tissues in mice in part dependent on Prx1. Furthermore, the in-situ interaction of CFL1, TPM3, and PPP2R1A with Prx1 were validated in human OLK tissues. Our results suggested that tobacco might promote the development of OLK via regulating Prx1 and its interacting proteins CFL1 and PPP2R1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moci Qi
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Tang
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yunping Lu
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
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24
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Karpicheva OE. Hallmark Features of the Tropomyosin
Regulatory Function in Several Variants of Congenital Myopathy. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021030133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Mutations Q93H and E97K in TPM2 Disrupt Ca-Dependent Regulation of Actin Filaments. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084036. [PMID: 33919826 PMCID: PMC8070786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosin is a two-chain coiled coil protein, which together with the troponin complex controls interactions of actin with myosin in a Ca2+-dependent manner. In fast skeletal muscle, the contractile actin filaments are regulated by tropomyosin isoforms Tpm1.1 and Tpm2.2, which form homo- and heterodimers. Mutations in the TPM2 gene encoding isoform Tpm2.2 are linked to distal arthrogryposis and congenital myopathy-skeletal muscle diseases characterized by hyper- and hypocontractile phenotypes, respectively. In this work, in vitro functional assays were used to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of mutations Q93H and E97K in TPM2. Both mutations tended to decrease actin affinity of homo-and heterodimers in the absence and presence of troponin and Ca2+, although the effect of Q93H was stronger. Changes in susceptibility of tropomyosin to trypsin digestion suggested that the mutations diversified dynamics of tropomyosin homo- and heterodimers on the filament. The presence of Q93H in homo- and heterodimers strongly decreased activation of the actomyosin ATPase and reduced sensitivity of the thin filament to [Ca2+]. In contrast, the presence of E97K caused hyperactivation of the ATPase and increased sensitivity to [Ca2+]. In conclusion, the hypo- and hypercontractile phenotypes associated with mutations Q93H and E97K in Tpm2.2 are caused by defects in Ca2+-dependent regulation of actin-myosin interactions.
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Deletion of the Actin-Associated Tropomyosin Tpm3 Leads to Reduced Cell Complexity in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons-New Insights into the Role of the C-Terminal Region of Tpm3.1. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030715. [PMID: 33807093 PMCID: PMC8005004 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosins (Tpms) have been described as master regulators of actin, with Tpm3 products shown to be involved in early developmental processes, and the Tpm3 isoform Tpm3.1 controlling changes in the size of neuronal growth cones and neurite growth. Here, we used primary mouse hippocampal neurons of C57/Bl6 wild type and Bl6Tpm3flox transgenic mice to carry out morphometric analyses in response to the absence of Tpm3 products, as well as to investigate the effect of C-terminal truncation on the ability of Tpm3.1 to modulate neuronal morphogenesis. We found that the knock-out of Tpm3 leads to decreased neurite length and complexity, and that the deletion of two amino acid residues at the C-terminus of Tpm3.1 leads to more detrimental changes in neurite morphology than the deletion of six amino acid residues. We also found that Tpm3.1 that lacks the 6 C-terminal amino acid residues does not associate with stress fibres, does not segregate to the tips of neurites, and does not impact the amount of the filamentous actin pool at the axonal growth cones, as opposed to Tpm3.1, which lacks the two C-terminal amino acid residues. Our study provides further insight into the role of both Tpm3 products and the C-terminus of Tpm3.1, and it forms the basis for future studies that aim to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying Tpm3.1 targeting to different subcellular compartments.
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Profiling NSD3-dependent neural crest gene expression reveals known and novel candidate regulatory factors. Dev Biol 2021; 475:118-130. [PMID: 33705737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The lysine methyltransferase NSD3 is required for the expression of key neural crest transcription factors and the migration of neural crest cells. Nevertheless, a complete view of the genes dependent upon NSD3 for expression and the developmental processes impacted by NSD3 in the neural crest was lacking. We used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to profile transcripts differentially expressed after NSD3 knockdown in chick premigratory neural crest cells, identifying 674 genes. Gene Ontology and gene set enrichment analyses further support a requirement for NSD3 during neural crest development and show that NSD3 knockdown also upregulates ribosome biogenesis. To validate our results, we selected three genes not previously associated with neural crest development, Astrotactin 1 (Astn1), Dispatched 3 (Disp3), and Tropomyosin 1 (Tpm1). Using whole mount in situ hybridization, we show that premigratory neural crest cells express these genes and that NSD3 knockdown downregulates (Astn1 and Disp3) and upregulates (Tpm1) their expression, consistent with RNA-seq results. Altogether, this study identifies novel putative regulators of neural crest development and provides insight into the transcriptional consequences of NSD3 in the neural crest, with implications for cancer.
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Liang W, Wu J, Qiu X. LINC01116 facilitates colorectal cancer cell proliferation and angiogenesis through targeting EZH2-regulated TPM1. J Transl Med 2021; 19:45. [PMID: 33499872 PMCID: PMC7836198 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor globally. Meanwhile, LINC01116 has been proposed as risk factor for various tumors, including CRC. But the regulation of LINC01116 in CRC required more validated data. This study aimed to elucidate the potential function of LINC01116 in regulating cell proliferation and angiogenesis of CRC. METHODS LINC01116 expression in 80 pairs of CRC tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues was determined by qRT-PCR. After transfection of pcDNA3.1-LINC01116, sh-LINC01116, sh-TPM1, pcDNA3.1-EZH2 or sh-EZH2 in SW480 and HCT116 cells, the levels of LINC01116, TPM1 and EZH2 were measured by qRT-PCR or Western blot. The cell biological function of CRC cell lines was determined by CCK-8, colony formation assays, tube formation and scratch assays. RNA pull-down and RIP assays were applied to detect the binding of LINC01116 with EZH2 and H3K27me3. Binding of EZH2 to the TPM1 promoter was assessed by ChIP assay. Finally, xenograft models in nude mice were established to validate the results of in vitro experiments. RESULTS LINC01116 was overexpressed in CRC tissues and high expression of LINC01116 was negatively correlated with postoperative survival. In vitro study showed LINC01116 expression could significantly enhance CRC progression, including increasing cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. Besides, investigations into the mechanism disclosed that LINC01116 could regulate EZH2 to inactivate TPM1 promoter, thus promoting CRC cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Moreover, consistent results of in vivo experiments were conformed in vitro experiments. CONCLUSION LINC01116 promotes the proliferation and angiogenesis of CRC cells by recruiting EZH2 to potentiate methylation in the TPM1 promoter region to inhibit the transcription of TPM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Liang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Ultrasound Intervention Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, P.R. China
| | - Xinguang Qiu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, P.R. China.
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Bruijn LE, van den Akker BEWM, van Rhijn CM, Hamming JF, Lindeman JHN. Extreme Diversity of the Human Vascular Mesenchymal Cell Landscape. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e017094. [PMID: 33190596 PMCID: PMC7763765 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.017094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Human mesenchymal cells are culprit factors in vascular (patho)physiology and are hallmarked by phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. At present, they are subdivided by classic umbrella terms, such as "fibroblasts," "myofibroblasts," "smooth muscle cells," "fibrocytes," "mesangial cells," and "pericytes." However, a discriminative marker-based subclassification has to date not been established. Methods and Results As a first effort toward a classification scheme, a systematic literature search was performed to identify the most commonly used phenotypical and functional protein markers for characterizing and classifying vascular mesenchymal cell subpopulation(s). We next applied immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to inventory the expression pattern of identified markers on human aorta specimens representing early, intermediate, and end stages of human atherosclerotic disease. Included markers comprise markers for mesenchymal lineage (vimentin, FSP-1 [fibroblast-specific protein-1]/S100A4, cluster of differentiation (CD) 90/thymocyte differentiation antigen 1, and FAP [fibroblast activation protein]), contractile/non-contractile phenotype (α-smooth muscle actin, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, and nonmuscle myosin heavy chain), and auxiliary contractile markers (h1-Calponin, h-Caldesmon, Desmin, SM22α [smooth muscle protein 22α], non-muscle myosin heavy chain, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, Smoothelin-B, α-Tropomyosin, and Telokin) or adhesion proteins (Paxillin and Vinculin). Vimentin classified as the most inclusive lineage marker. Subset markers did not separate along classic lines of smooth muscle cell, myofibroblast, or fibroblast, but showed clear temporal and spatial diversity. Strong indications were found for presence of stem cells/Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal cell Transition and fibrocytes in specific aspects of the human atherosclerotic process. Conclusions This systematic evaluation shows a highly diverse and dynamic landscape for the human vascular mesenchymal cell population that is not captured by the classic nomenclature. Our observations stress the need for a consensus multiparameter subclass designation along the lines of the cluster of differentiation classification for leucocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Bruijn
- Division of Vascular SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Connie M. van Rhijn
- Division of Vascular SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Jaap F. Hamming
- Division of Vascular SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Jan H. N. Lindeman
- Division of Vascular SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
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Impact of A134 and E218 Amino Acid Residues of Tropomyosin on Its Flexibility and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228720. [PMID: 33218166 PMCID: PMC7698929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosin (Tpm) is one of the major actin-binding proteins that play a crucial role in the regulation of muscle contraction. The flexibility of the Tpm molecule is believed to be vital for its functioning, although its role and significance are under discussion. We choose two sites of the Tpm molecule that presumably have high flexibility and stabilized them with the A134L or E218L substitutions. Applying differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), molecular dynamics (MD), co-sedimentation, trypsin digestion, and in vitro motility assay, we characterized the properties of Tpm molecules with these substitutions. The A134L mutation prevented proteolysis of Tpm molecule by trypsin, and both substitutions increased the thermal stability of Tpm and its bending stiffness estimated from MD simulation. None of these mutations affected the primary binding of Tpm to F-actin; still, both of them increased the thermal stability of the actin-Tpm complex and maximal sliding velocity of regulated thin filaments in vitro at a saturating Ca2+ concentration. However, the mutations differently affected the Ca2+ sensitivity of the sliding velocity and pulling force produced by myosin heads. The data suggest that both regions of instability are essential for correct regulation and fine-tuning of Ca2+-dependent interaction of myosin heads with F-actin.
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Looking for Targets to Restore the Contractile Function in Congenital Myopathy Caused by Gln 147Pro Tropomyosin. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207590. [PMID: 33066566 PMCID: PMC7589864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have used the technique of polarized microfluorimetry to obtain new insight into the pathogenesis of skeletal muscle disease caused by the Gln147Pro substitution in β-tropomyosin (Tpm2.2). The spatial rearrangements of actin, myosin and tropomyosin in the single muscle fiber containing reconstituted thin filaments were studied during simulation of several stages of ATP hydrolysis cycle. The angular orientation of the fluorescence probes bound to tropomyosin was found to be changed by the substitution and was characteristic for a shift of tropomyosin strands closer to the inner actin domains. It was observed both in the absence and in the presence of troponin, Ca2+ and myosin heads at all simulated stages of the ATPase cycle. The mutant showed higher flexibility. Moreover, the Gln147Pro substitution disrupted the myosin-induced displacement of tropomyosin over actin. The irregular positioning of the mutant tropomyosin caused premature activation of actin monomers and a tendency to increase the number of myosin cross-bridges in a state of strong binding with actin at low Ca2+.
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Madan A, Viswanathan MC, Woulfe KC, Schmidt W, Sidor A, Liu T, Nguyen TH, Trinh B, Wilson C, Madathil S, Vogler G, O'Rourke B, Biesiadecki BJ, Tobacman LS, Cammarato A. TNNT2 mutations in the tropomyosin binding region of TNT1 disrupt its role in contractile inhibition and stimulate cardiac dysfunction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:18822-18831. [PMID: 32690703 PMCID: PMC7414051 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001692117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle contraction is regulated by the movement of end-to-end-linked troponin-tropomyosin complexes over the thin filament surface, which uncovers or blocks myosin binding sites along F-actin. The N-terminal half of troponin T (TnT), TNT1, independently promotes tropomyosin-based, steric inhibition of acto-myosin associations, in vitro. Recent structural models additionally suggest TNT1 may restrain the uniform, regulatory translocation of tropomyosin. Therefore, TnT potentially contributes to striated muscle relaxation; however, the in vivo functional relevance and molecular basis of this noncanonical role remain unclear. Impaired relaxation is a hallmark of hypertrophic and restrictive cardiomyopathies (HCM and RCM). Investigating the effects of cardiomyopathy-causing mutations could help clarify TNT1's enigmatic inhibitory property. We tested the hypothesis that coupling of TNT1 with tropomyosin's end-to-end overlap region helps anchor tropomyosin to an inhibitory position on F-actin, where it deters myosin binding at rest, and that, correspondingly, cross-bridge cycling is defectively suppressed under diastolic/low Ca2+ conditions in the presence of HCM/RCM lesions. The impact of TNT1 mutations on Drosophila cardiac performance, rat myofibrillar and cardiomyocyte properties, and human TNT1's propensity to inhibit myosin-driven, F-actin-tropomyosin motility were evaluated. Our data collectively demonstrate that removing conserved, charged residues in TNT1's tropomyosin-binding domain impairs TnT's contribution to inhibitory tropomyosin positioning and relaxation. Thus, TNT1 may modulate acto-myosin activity by optimizing F-actin-tropomyosin interfacial contacts and by binding to actin, which restrict tropomyosin's movement to activating configurations. HCM/RCM mutations, therefore, highlight TNT1's essential role in contractile regulation by diminishing its tropomyosin-anchoring effects, potentially serving as the initial trigger of pathology in our animal models and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Madan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Meera C Viswanathan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Kathleen C Woulfe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - William Schmidt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Agnes Sidor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Tran H Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Bosco Trinh
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Cortney Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Sineej Madathil
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Georg Vogler
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Brian O'Rourke
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Brandon J Biesiadecki
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Larry S Tobacman
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Anthony Cammarato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205;
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
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Proteomic Analysis of Peri-Wounding Tissue Expressions in Extracorporeal Shock Wave Enhanced Diabetic Wound Healing in a Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155445. [PMID: 32751643 PMCID: PMC7432617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our former studies have demonstrated that extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) could enhance diabetic wound healing but the bio-mechanisms remain elusive. This study investigated the changes of topical peri-wounding tissue expressions after ESWT in a rodent streptozotocin-induced diabetic wounding model by using the proteomic analysis and elucidated the molecular mechanism. Diabetic rats receiving ESWT, normal control, and diabetic rats receiving no therapy were analyzed. The spots of interest in proteome analysis were subjected to mass spectrometry to elucidate the peptide mass fingerprints. Protein expression was validated using immunohistochemical staining and related expression of genes were analyzed using real-time RT-PCR. The proteomic data showed a significantly higher abundance of hemopexin at day 3 of therapy but down-regulation at day 10 as compared to diabetic control. In contrast, the level of serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) A3N expression was significantly decreased at day 3 therapy but expression was upregulated at day 10. Using real-time RT-PCR revealed that serpin-related EGFR-MAPK pathway was involved in ESWT enhanced diabetic wound healing. In summary, proteome analyses demonstrated the expression change of hemopexin and serpin with related MAPK signaling involved in ESWT-enhanced diabetic wound healing. Modulation of hemopexin and serpin related pathways are good strategies to promote wound healing.
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Doran MH, Pavadai E, Rynkiewicz MJ, Walklate J, Bullitt E, Moore JR, Regnier M, Geeves MA, Lehman W. Cryo-EM and Molecular Docking Shows Myosin Loop 4 Contacts Actin and Tropomyosin on Thin Filaments. Biophys J 2020; 119:821-830. [PMID: 32730789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The motor protein myosin drives muscle and nonmuscle motility by binding to and moving along actin of thin filaments. Myosin binding to actin also modulates interactions of the regulatory protein, tropomyosin, on thin filaments, and conversely tropomyosin affects myosin binding to actin. Insight into this reciprocity will facilitate a molecular level elucidation of tropomyosin regulation of myosin interaction with actin in muscle contraction, and in turn, promote better understanding of nonmuscle cell motility. Indeed, experimental approaches such as fiber diffraction, cryoelectron microscopy, and three-dimensional reconstruction have long been used to define regulatory interaction of tropomyosin and myosin on actin at a structural level. However, their limited resolution has not proven sufficient to determine tropomyosin and myosin contacts at an atomic-level and thus to fully substantiate possible functional contributions. To overcome this deficiency, we have followed a hybrid approach by performing new cryogenic electron microscopy reconstruction of myosin-S1-decorated F-actin-tropomyosin together with atomic scale protein-protein docking of tropomyosin to the EM models. Here, cryo-EM data were derived from filaments reconstituted with α1-actin, cardiac αα-tropomyosin, and masseter muscle β-myosin complexes; masseter myosin, which shares sequence identity with β-cardiac myosin-heavy chain, was used because of its stability in vitro. The data were used to build an atomic model of the tropomyosin cable that fits onto the actin filament between the tip of the myosin head and a cleft on the innermost edge of actin subunits. The docking and atomic scale fitting showed multiple discrete interactions of myosin loop 4 and acidic residues on successive 39-42 residue-long tropomyosin pseudorepeats. The contacts between S1 and tropomyosin on actin appear to compete with and displace ones normally found between actin and tropomyosin on myosin-free thin filaments in relaxed muscle, thus restructuring the filament during myosin-induced activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Doran
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elumalai Pavadai
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael J Rynkiewicz
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan Walklate
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Esther Bullitt
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey R Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael A Geeves
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - William Lehman
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Pavadai E, Lehman W, Rynkiewicz MJ. Protein-Protein Docking Reveals Dynamic Interactions of Tropomyosin on Actin Filaments. Biophys J 2020; 119:75-86. [PMID: 32521240 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental approaches such as fiber diffraction and cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction have defined regulatory positions of tropomyosin on actin but have not, as yet, succeeded at determining key atomic-level contacts between these proteins or fully substantiated the dynamics of their interactions at a structural level. To overcome this deficiency, we have previously employed computational approaches to deduce global dynamics of thin filament components by energy landscape determination and molecular dynamics simulations. Still, these approaches remain computationally challenging for any complex and large macromolecular assembly like the thin filament. For example, tropomyosin cable wrapping around actin of thin filaments features both head-to-tail polymeric interactions and local twisting, both of which depart from strict superhelical symmetry. This produces a complex energy surface that is difficult to model and thus to evaluate globally. Therefore, at this stage of our understanding, assessing global molecular dynamics can prove to be inherently impractical. As an alternative, we adopted a "divide and conquer" protocol to investigate actin-tropomyosin interactions at an atomistic level. Here, we first employed unbiased protein-protein docking tools to identify binding specificity of individual tropomyosin pseudorepeat segments over the actin surface. Accordingly, tropomyosin "ligand" segments were rotated and translated over potential "target" binding sites on F-actin where the corresponding interaction energetics of billions of conformational poses were ranked by the programs PIPER and ClusPro. These data were used to assess favorable interactions and then to rebuild models of seamless and continuous tropomyosin cables over the F-actin substrate, which were optimized further by flexible fitting routines and molecular dynamics. The models generated azimuthally distinct regulatory positions for tropomyosin cables along thin filaments on actin dominated by stereo-specific head-to-tail overlap linkage. The outcomes are in good agreement with current cryo-electron microscopy topology and consistent with long-thought residue-to-residue interactions between actin and tropomyosin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elumalai Pavadai
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William Lehman
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Michael J Rynkiewicz
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Viswanathan MC, Schmidt W, Franz P, Rynkiewicz MJ, Newhard CS, Madan A, Lehman W, Swank DM, Preller M, Cammarato A. A role for actin flexibility in thin filament-mediated contractile regulation and myopathy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2417. [PMID: 32415060 PMCID: PMC7229152 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15922-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Striated muscle contraction is regulated by the translocation of troponin-tropomyosin strands over the thin filament surface. Relaxation relies partly on highly-favorable, conformation-dependent electrostatic contacts between actin and tropomyosin, which position tropomyosin such that it impedes actomyosin associations. Impaired relaxation and hypercontractile properties are hallmarks of various muscle disorders. The α-cardiac actin M305L hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-causing mutation lies near residues that help confine tropomyosin to an inhibitory position along thin filaments. Here, we investigate M305L actin in vivo, in vitro, and in silico to resolve emergent pathological properties and disease mechanisms. Our data suggest the mutation reduces actin flexibility and distorts the actin-tropomyosin electrostatic energy landscape that, in muscle, result in aberrant contractile inhibition and excessive force. Thus, actin flexibility may be required to establish and maintain interfacial contacts with tropomyosin as well as facilitate its movement over distinct actin surface features and is, therefore, likely necessary for proper regulation of contraction. The α-cardiac actin M305L hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-causing mutation is located near residues that help confine tropomyosin to an inhibitory position along thin filaments. Here the authors assessed M305L actin in vivo, in vitro, and in silico to characterize emergent pathological properties and define the mechanistic basis of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera C Viswanathan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - William Schmidt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Peter Franz
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael J Rynkiewicz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Christopher S Newhard
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180-3590, USA
| | - Aditi Madan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - William Lehman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Douglas M Swank
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180-3590, USA
| | - Matthias Preller
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Anthony Cammarato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Gao C, Wang Y. mRNA Metabolism in Cardiac Development and Disease: Life After Transcription. Physiol Rev 2020; 100:673-694. [PMID: 31751167 PMCID: PMC7327233 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00007.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The central dogma of molecular biology illustrates the importance of mRNAs as critical mediators between genetic information encoded at the DNA level and proteomes/metabolomes that determine the diverse functional outcome at the cellular and organ levels. Although the total number of protein-producing (coding) genes in the mammalian genome is ~20,000, it is evident that the intricate processes of cardiac development and the highly regulated physiological regulation in the normal heart, as well as the complex manifestation of pathological remodeling in a diseased heart, would require a much higher degree of complexity at the transcriptome level and beyond. Indeed, in addition to an extensive regulatory scheme implemented at the level of transcription, the complexity of transcript processing following transcription is dramatically increased. RNA processing includes post-transcriptional modification, alternative splicing, editing and transportation, ribosomal loading, and degradation. While transcriptional control of cardiac genes has been a major focus of investigation in recent decades, a great deal of progress has recently been made in our understanding of how post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA contributes to transcriptome complexity. In this review, we highlight some of the key molecular processes and major players in RNA maturation and post-transcriptional regulation. In addition, we provide an update to the recent progress made in the discovery of RNA processing regulators implicated in cardiac development and disease. While post-transcriptional modulation is a complex and challenging problem to study, recent technological advancements are paving the way for a new era of exciting discoveries and potential clinical translation in the context of cardiac biology and heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gao
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine, and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yibin Wang
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine, and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Carlier MF. Actin self-assembly: from filament structure and mechanics to motile and morphogenetic processes. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 102:48-50. [PMID: 31926834 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Charles J, Castellino FJ, Ploplis VA. Past and Present Behçet's Disease Animal Models. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 21:1652-1663. [PMID: 32682369 PMCID: PMC7746599 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200719010425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Behçet's disease (BD) is presumably an autoinflammatory disease of unknown etiology for which several animal models have been described over the years. Agents and methods used for the development of these models have ranged from the herpes simplex type one virus (hsv-1) pathogen to the use of transgenic mice. Other models have also been used to investigate a possible autoimmune component. Each model possesses its own unique set of benefits and shortcomings, with no one model fully being able to recapitulate the disease phenotype. Here, we review the proposed models and provide commentary on their effectiveness and usefulness in studying the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jermilia Charles
- W.M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Francis J. Castellino
- W.M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Victoria A. Ploplis
- W.M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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Special Issue: The Actin-Myosin Interaction in Muscle: Background and Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225715. [PMID: 31739584 PMCID: PMC6887992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular contraction is a fundamental phenomenon in all animals; without it life as we know it would be impossible. The basic mechanism in muscle, including heart muscle, involves the interaction of the protein filaments myosin and actin. Motility in all cells is also partly based on similar interactions of actin filaments with non-muscle myosins. Early studies of muscle contraction have informed later studies of these cellular actin-myosin systems. In muscles, projections on the myosin filaments, the so-called myosin heads or cross-bridges, interact with the nearby actin filaments and, in a mechanism powered by ATP-hydrolysis, they move the actin filaments past them in a kind of cyclic rowing action to produce the macroscopic muscular movements of which we are all aware. In this special issue the papers and reviews address different aspects of the actin-myosin interaction in muscle as studied by a plethora of complementary techniques. The present overview provides a brief and elementary introduction to muscle structure and function and the techniques used to study it. It goes on to give more detailed descriptions of what is known about muscle components and the cross-bridge cycle using structural biology techniques, particularly protein crystallography, electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. It then has a quick look at muscle mechanics and it summarises what can be learnt about how muscle works based on the other studies covered in the different papers in the special issue. A picture emerges of the main molecular steps involved in the force-producing process; steps that are also likely to be seen in non-muscle myosin interactions with cellular actin filaments. Finally, the remarkable advances made in studying the effects of mutations in the contractile assembly in causing specific muscle diseases, particularly those in heart muscle, are outlined and discussed.
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Ge M, Liu W, Ma C, Yan Z, Liang H, Xu Z, Mariottini GL, Zhang J, Zhao X, Yang Y, Xiao L. Comparative proteomic analysis of Aurelia coerulea for its locomotion system molecular structure-function inference. J Proteomics 2019; 209:103509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Kopylova GV, Matyushenko AM, Koubassova NA, Shchepkin DV, Bershitsky SY, Levitsky DI, Tsaturyan AK. Functional outcomes of structural peculiarities of striated muscle tropomyosin. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 41:55-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09552-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Janco M, Rynkiewicz MJ, Li L, Hook J, Eiffe E, Ghosh A, Böcking T, Lehman WJ, Hardeman EC, Gunning PW. Molecular integration of the anti-tropomyosin compound ATM-3507 into the coiled coil overlap region of the cancer-associated Tpm3.1. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11262. [PMID: 31375704 PMCID: PMC6677793 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47592-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosins (Tpm) determine the functional capacity of actin filaments in an isoform-specific manner. The primary isoform in cancer cells is Tpm3.1 and compounds that target Tpm3.1 show promising results as anti-cancer agents both in vivo and in vitro. We have determined the molecular mechanism of interaction of the lead compound ATM-3507 with Tpm3.1-containing actin filaments. When present during co-polymerization of Tpm3.1 with actin, 3H-ATM-3507 is incorporated into the filaments and saturates at approximately one molecule per Tpm3.1 dimer and with an apparent binding affinity of approximately 2 µM. In contrast, 3H-ATM-3507 is poorly incorporated into preformed Tpm3.1/actin co-polymers. CD spectroscopy and thermal melts using Tpm3.1 peptides containing the C-terminus, the N-terminus, and a combination of the two forming the overlap junction at the interface of adjacent Tpm3.1 dimers, show that ATM-3507 shifts the melting temperature of the C-terminus and the overlap junction, but not the N-terminus. Molecular dynamic simulation (MDS) analysis predicts that ATM-3507 integrates into the 4-helix coiled coil overlap junction and in doing so, likely changes the lateral movement of Tpm3.1 across the actin surface resulting in an alteration of filament interactions with actin binding proteins and myosin motors, consistent with the cellular impact of ATM-3507.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miro Janco
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Michael J Rynkiewicz
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Liang Li
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jeff Hook
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Eleanor Eiffe
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Anita Ghosh
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Till Böcking
- Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - William J Lehman
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Edna C Hardeman
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Peter W Gunning
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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Thin filament dysfunctions caused by mutations in tropomyosin Tpm3.12 and Tpm1.1. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 41:39-53. [PMID: 31270709 PMCID: PMC7109180 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09532-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tropomyosin is the major regulator of the thin filament. In striated muscle its function is to bind troponin complex and control the access of myosin heads to actin in a Ca2+-dependent manner. It also participates in the maintenance of thin filament length by regulation of tropomodulin and leiomodin, the pointed end-binding proteins. Because the size of the overlap between actin and myosin filaments affects the number of myosin heads which interact with actin, the filament length is one of the determinants of force development. Numerous point mutations in genes encoding tropomyosin lead to single amino acid substitutions along the entire length of the coiled coil that are associated with various types of cardiomyopathy and skeletal muscle disease. Specific regions of tropomyosin interact with different binding partners; therefore, the mutations affect diverse tropomyosin functions. In this review, results of studies on mutations in the genes TPM1 and TPM3, encoding Tpm1.1 and Tpm3.12, are described. The paper is particularly focused on mutation-dependent alterations in the mechanisms of actin-myosin interactions and dynamics of the thin filament at the pointed end.
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Jansen S, Goode BL. Tropomyosin isoforms differentially tune actin filament length and disassembly. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:671-679. [PMID: 30650006 PMCID: PMC6589703 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-12-0815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular actin networks exhibit diverse filamentous architectures and turnover dynamics, but how these differences are specified remains poorly understood. Here, we used multicolor total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy to ask how decoration of actin filaments by five biologically prominent Tropomyosin (TPM) isoforms influences disassembly induced by Cofilin alone, or by the collaborative effects of Cofilin, Coronin, and AIP1 (CCA). TPM decoration restricted Cofilin binding to pointed ends, while not interfering with Coronin binding to filament sides. Different isoforms of TPM provided variable levels of protection against disassembly, with the strongest protection by Tpm3.1 and the weakest by Tpm1.6. In biomimetic assays in which filaments were simultaneously assembled by formins and disassembled by CCA, these TPM isoform-specific effects persisted, giving rise to filaments with different lengths and treadmilling behavior. Together, our data reveal that TPM isoforms have quantitatively distinct abilities to tune actin filament length and turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Jansen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Bruce L Goode
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454
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Cheng C, Nowak RB, Amadeo MB, Biswas SK, Lo WK, Fowler VM. Tropomyosin 3.5 protects the F-actin networks required for tissue biomechanical properties. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs222042. [PMID: 30333143 PMCID: PMC6288072 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.222042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosins (Tpms) stabilize F-actin and regulate interactions with other actin-binding proteins. The eye lens changes shape in order to focus light to transmit a clear image, and thus lens organ function is tied to its biomechanical properties, presenting an opportunity to study Tpm functions in tissue mechanics. Mouse lenses contain Tpm3.5 (also known as TM5NM5), a previously unstudied isoform encoded by Tpm3, which is associated with F-actin on lens fiber cell membranes. Decreased levels of Tpm3.5 lead to softer and less mechanically resilient lenses that are unable to resume their original shape after compression. While cell organization and morphology appear unaffected, Tmod1 dissociates from the membrane in Tpm3.5-deficient lens fiber cells resulting in reorganization of the spectrin-F-actin and α-actinin-F-actin networks at the membrane. These rearranged F-actin networks appear to be less able to support mechanical load and resilience, leading to an overall change in tissue mechanical properties. This is the first in vivo evidence that a Tpm protein is essential for cell biomechanical stability in a load-bearing non-muscle tissue, and indicates that Tpm3.5 protects mechanically stable, load-bearing F-actin in vivoThis article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Cheng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Roberta B Nowak
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael B Amadeo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sondip K Biswas
- Department of Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
| | - Woo-Kuen Lo
- Department of Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
| | - Velia M Fowler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Chen L, Fakiola M, Staines K, Butter C, Kaufman J. Functional Alleles of Chicken BG Genes, Members of the Butyrophilin Gene Family, in Peripheral T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:930. [PMID: 29765375 PMCID: PMC5938342 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells recognize a wide variety of ligands in mammals, among them members of the butyrophilin (BTN) family. Nothing is known about γδ T cell ligands in chickens, despite there being many such cells in blood and lymphoid tissues, as well as in mucosal surfaces. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of chickens was discovered because of polymorphic BG genes, part of the BTN family. All but two BG genes are located in the BG region, oriented head-to-tail so that unequal crossing-over has led to copy number variation (CNV) as well as hybrid (chimeric) genes, making it difficult to identify true alleles. One approach is to examine BG genes expressed in particular cell types, which likely have the same functions in different BG haplotypes and thus can be considered “functional alleles.” We cloned nearly full-length BG transcripts from peripheral T cells of four haplotypes (B2, B15, B19, and B21), and compared them to the BG genes of the B12 haplotype that previously were studied in detail. A dominant BG gene was found in each haplotype, but with significant levels of subdominant transcripts in three haplotypes (B2, B15, and B19). For three haplotypes (B15, B19, and B21), most sequences are closely-related to BG8, BG9, and BG12 from the B12 haplotype. We found that variation in the extracellular immunoglobulin-variable-like (Ig-V) domain is mostly localized to the membrane distal loops but without evidence for selection. However, variation in the cytoplasmic tail composed of many amino acid heptad repeats does appear to be selected (although not obviously localized), consistent with an intriguing clustering of charged and polar residues in an apparent α-helical coiled-coil. By contrast, the dominantly-expressed BG gene in the B2 haplotype is identical to BG13 from the B12 haplotype, and most of the subdominant sequences are from the BG5-BG7-BG11 clade. Moreover, alternative splicing leading to intron read-through results in dramatically truncated cytoplasmic tails, particularly for the dominantly-expressed BG gene of the B2 haplotype. The approach of examining “functional alleles” has yielded interesting data for closely-related genes, but also thrown up unexpected findings for at least one haplotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michaela Fakiola
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Staines
- Pirbright Institute, Compton, United Kingdom.,School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Butter
- Pirbright Institute, Compton, United Kingdom.,School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - Jim Kaufman
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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48
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Barnes DE, Watabe E, Ono K, Kwak E, Kuroyanagi H, Ono S. Tropomyosin isoforms differentially affect muscle contractility in the head and body regions of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:1075-1088. [PMID: 29496965 PMCID: PMC5921574 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-03-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosin, one of the major actin filament-binding proteins, regulates actin-myosin interaction and actin-filament stability. Multicellular organisms express a number of tropomyosin isoforms, but understanding of isoform-specific tropomyosin functions is incomplete. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has a single tropomyosin gene, lev-11, which has been reported to express four isoforms by using two separate promoters and alternative splicing. Here, we report a fifth tropomyosin isoform, LEV-11O, which is produced by alternative splicing that includes a newly identified seventh exon, exon 7a. By visualizing specific splicing events in vivo, we find that exon 7a is predominantly selected in a subset of the body wall muscles in the head, while exon 7b, which is the alternative to exon 7a, is utilized in the rest of the body. Point mutations in exon 7a and exon 7b cause resistance to levamisole--induced muscle contraction specifically in the head and the main body, respectively. Overexpression of LEV-11O, but not LEV-11A, in the main body results in weak levamisole resistance. These results demonstrate that specific tropomyosin isoforms are expressed in the head and body regions of the muscles and contribute differentially to the regulation of muscle contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn E. Barnes
- Department of Pathology, Department of Cell Biology, and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Eichi Watabe
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kanako Ono
- Department of Pathology, Department of Cell Biology, and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Euiyoung Kwak
- Department of Pathology, Department of Cell Biology, and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Hidehito Kuroyanagi
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Ono
- Department of Pathology, Department of Cell Biology, and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
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Barua B, Sckolnick M, White HD, Trybus KM, Hitchcock-DeGregori SE. Distinct sites in tropomyosin specify shared and isoform-specific regulation of myosins II and V. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2018; 75:150-163. [PMID: 29500902 PMCID: PMC5899941 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Muscle contraction, cytokinesis, cellular movement, and intracellular transport depend on regulated actin-myosin interaction. Most actin filaments bind one or more isoform of tropomyosin, a coiled-coil protein that stabilizes the filaments and regulates interactions with other actin-binding proteins, including myosin. Isoform-specific allosteric regulation of muscle myosin II by actin-tropomyosin is well-established while that of processive myosins, such as myosin V, which transport organelles and macromolecules in the cell periphery, is less certain. Is the regulation by tropomyosin a universal mechanism, the consequence of the conserved periodic structures of tropomyosin, or is it the result of specialized interactions between particular isoforms of myosin and tropomyosin? Here, we show that striated muscle tropomyosin, Tpm1.1, inhibits fast skeletal muscle myosin II but not myosin Va. The non-muscle tropomyosin, Tpm3.1, in contrast, activates both myosins. To decipher the molecular basis of these opposing regulatory effects, we introduced mutations at conserved surface residues within the six periodic repeats (periods) of Tpm3.1, in positions homologous or analogous to those important for regulation of skeletal muscle myosin by Tpm1.1. We identified conserved residues in the internal periods of both tropomyosin isoforms that are important for the function of myosin Va and striated myosin II. Conserved residues in the internal and C-terminal periods that correspond to Tpm3.1-specific exons inhibit myosin Va but not myosin II function. These results suggest that tropomyosins may directly impact myosin function through both general and isoform-specific mechanisms that identify actin tracks for the recruitment and function of particular myosins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipasha Barua
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Maria Sckolnick
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Howard D. White
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507
| | - Kathleen M. Trybus
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Sarah E. Hitchcock-DeGregori
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
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The clinical significance and biological function of tropomyosin 4 in colon cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 101:1-7. [PMID: 29455030 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosin 4 (TPM4) has been found to be dys-regulated, and function as oncogene or anti-oncogene in human cancers. However, there was no report on the clinical significance and biological function of TPM4 in colon cancer. This study was designed to investigate the clinical value and biological function of TPM4 in colon cancer. Thus, we detected the TPM4 expression in colon cancer clinical samples, and conducted the gain-of-function in colon cancer cell lines. In our results, TPM4 mRNA and protein expressions were reduced in colon cancer tissues and cell lines compared with normal colon tissues and colon epithelial cell line, respectively. TPM4 protein low-expression was obviously associated with clinical stage, T classification (invasion depth), N classification (lymph node metastasis), distant metastasis and differentiation. Survival analysis showed low-expression of TPM4 was an unfavorable independent prognostic factor for colon cancer patients. Moreover, the experiments in vitro suggested up-regulated TPM4 expression suppressed colon cancer cell migration, invasion and metastasis-associated gene expression including MMP-2, MMP-9 and MT1-MMP, but had no effect on cell proliferation. In conclusion, TPM4 is associated with clinical progression in colon cancer patient and acts as a tumor suppressor in colon cancer cell.
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