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Duminil P, Davanture M, Oury C, Boex-Fontvieille E, Tcherkez G, Zivy M, Hodges M, Glab N. Arabidopsis thaliana 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase 2 activity requires serine 82 phosphorylation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1478-1489. [PMID: 34174129 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoglycerate mutases (PGAMs) catalyse the reversible isomerisation of 3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycerate, a step of glycolysis. PGAMs can be sub-divided into 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent (dPGAM) and -independent (iPGAM) enzymes. In plants, phosphoglycerate isomerisation is carried out by cytosolic iPGAM. Despite its crucial role in catabolism, little is known about post-translational modifications of plant iPGAM. In Arabidopsis thaliana, phosphoproteomics analyses have previously identified an iPGAM phosphopeptide where serine 82 is phosphorylated. Here, we show that this phosphopeptide is less abundant in dark-adapted compared to illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. In silico comparison of iPGAM protein sequences and 3D structural modelling of AtiPGAM2 based on non-plant iPGAM enzymes suggest a role for phosphorylated serine in the catalytic reaction mechanism. This is confirmed by the activity (or the lack thereof) of mutated recombinant Arabidopsis iPGAM2 forms, affected in different steps of the reaction mechanism. We thus propose that the occurrence of the S82-phosphopeptide reflects iPGAM2 steady-state catalysis. Based on this assumption, the metabolic consequences of a higher iPGAM activity in illuminated versus darkened leaves are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Duminil
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), INRAe, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bat 630, Gif sur Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Marlène Davanture
- INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, PAPPSO, GQE-Le Moulon, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Céline Oury
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), INRAe, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bat 630, Gif sur Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Edouard Boex-Fontvieille
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), INRAe, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bat 630, Gif sur Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, ANU Joint College of Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Université d'Angers, INRAe, 42 rue Georges Morel, Beaucouzé, 49070, France
| | - Michel Zivy
- INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, PAPPSO, GQE-Le Moulon, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Michael Hodges
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), INRAe, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bat 630, Gif sur Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Nathalie Glab
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), INRAe, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bat 630, Gif sur Yvette, 91190, France
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2
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Jespersen D, Huang B. Proteins associated with heat-induced leaf senescence in creeping bentgrass as affected by foliar application of nitrogen, cytokinins, and an ethylene inhibitor. Proteomics 2015; 15:798-812. [PMID: 25407697 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress causes premature leaf senescence in cool-season grass species. The objective of this study was to identify proteins regulated by nitrogen, cytokinins, and ethylene inhibitor in relation to heat-induced leaf senescence in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). Plants (cv. Penncross) were foliar sprayed with 18 mM carbonyldiamide (N source), 25 μM aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG, ethylene inhibitor), 25 μM zeatin riboside (ZR, cytokinin), or a water control, and then exposed to 20/15°C (day/night) or 35/30°C (heat stress) in growth chambers. All treatments suppressed heat-induced leaf senescence, as shown by higher turf quality and chlorophyll content, and lower electrolyte leakage in treated plants compared to the untreated control. A total of 49 proteins were responsive to N, AVG, or ZR under heat stress. The abundance of proteins in photosynthesis increased, with ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase affected by all three treatments, chlorophyll a/b-binding protein by AVG and N or Rubisco activase by AVG. Proteins for amino acid metabolism were upregulated, including alanine aminotransferase by three treatments and ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase by AVG and N. Upregulated proteins also included catalase by AVG and N and heat shock protein by ZR. Exogenous applications of AVG, ZR, or N downregulated proteins in respiration (enolase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehygrogenase) under heat stress. Alleviation of heat-induced senescence by N, AVG, or ZR was associated with enhanced protein abundance in photosynthesis and amino acid metabolism and stress defense systems (heat shock protection and antioxidants), as well as suppression of those imparting respiration metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jespersen
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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3
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Nogueira FCS, Palmisano G, Schwämmle V, Soares EL, Soares AA, Roepstorff P, Domont GB, Campos FAP. Isotope Labeling-Based Quantitative Proteomics of Developing Seeds of Castor Oil Seed (Ricinus communis L.). J Proteome Res 2013; 12:5012-24. [DOI: 10.1021/pr400685z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio C. S. Nogueira
- Proteomic
Unit, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149 - CT-Bloco A, Lab 543, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
- Departamento
de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374 - Edifício
Biomédicas II, Cidade Universitária “Armando
Salles Oliveira”, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Veit Schwämmle
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Emanuela L. Soares
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici - Bloco 907, 60020-181 Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Arlete A Soares
- Department
of Biology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici - Bloco 906, 60020-181 Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Peter Roepstorff
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Gilberto B. Domont
- Proteomic
Unit, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149 - CT-Bloco A, Lab 543, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Francisco A. P. Campos
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici - Bloco 907, 60020-181 Fortaleza, Brazil
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Malter D, Wolf S. Melon phloem-sap proteome: developmental control and response to viral infection. PROTOPLASMA 2011; 248:217-224. [PMID: 20924770 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-010-0215-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In addition to small molecules such as sugars and amino acids, phloem sap contains macromolecules, including mRNA and proteins. It is generally assumed that all molecules in the phloem sap are on the move from source to sink, but recent evidence suggests that the macromolecules' direction of movement can be controlled by endogenous plant mechanisms. To test the hypothesis that the phloem-sap protein profile is affected by local metabolic activities, we analyzed the phloem-sap proteome in young and mature tissues of melon plants. We also examined the effect of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection and expression of CMV movement protein in transgenic melon plants on the phloem protein profile. Sap collected from cut sections of young stems or petioles contained specific proteins that were absent from sap collected from mature stems or petioles. Most of these proteins were involved in defense response and protection from oxidative stress, suggesting that they play a role in maintaining safe activity of the sieve tubes in young tissues. Phloem sap collected from CMV-infected plants and transgenic plants expressing the CMV movement protein contained only a few additional proteins with molecular masses of 18 to 75 kDa. Here again, most of the additional proteins were associated with stress responses. Our study indicated that the proteome of phloem sap is dynamic and under developmental control. Entry and exit of proteins from the sieve tube can be regulated at the tissue level. Moreover, the plant can maintain regulation of protein trafficking from companion cells to sieve elements under viral infection or other perturbations in plasmodesmal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikla Malter
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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Barnes A, Bale J, Constantinidou C, Ashton P, Jones A, Pritchard J. Determining protein identity from sieve element sap in Ricinus communis L. by quadrupole time of flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2004; 55:1473-81. [PMID: 15181102 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erh161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The phloem transport system is a complex tissue that primarily carries photoassimilate from source to sink. Its function depends on anucleate sieve elements (SE) supported by companion cells (CC). In this study, SE sap was sampled and the protein identity of soluble proteins was determined with the aim of understanding the function of proteins within the conduit. Unlike many plants, SE sap exudes from incisions in the bark of Ricinus communis and, although there is a greater possibility of contamination from tissues other than SE, sap can be obtained in sufficient quantities to separate proteins using 2D electrophoresis. Spots were excised for trypsin digest, then analysed by quadrupole time of flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) and database searched to determine sequence identity. Overall, 18 proteins were identified in the SE-enriched sap. Proteins identified that have not previously been identified directly from SE sap included a glycine-rich RNA-binding protein, metallothionein, phosphoglycerate mutase, and phosphopyruvate hydratase. The potential role of the identified protein in SE function is discussed. The protein identification in this study provides a first step towards the goal of a greater understanding of the function of proteins within the SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Barnes
- The University of Birmingham, School of Biosciences, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Chevalier N, Rigden DJ, Van Roy J, Opperdoes FR, Michels PA. Trypanosoma brucei contains a 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate independent phosphoglycerate mutase. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2000; 267:1464-72. [PMID: 10691985 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01145.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Assays of phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM) activity in lysates of bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei appeared not to require exogenous 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate, thus suggesting that this protist contains an enzyme belonging to the class of cofactor-independent PGAMs. A gene encoding a polypeptide with motifs characteristic for this class of enzymes was cloned. The predicted T. brucei PGAM polypeptide contains 549 amino acids, with Mr 60 557 and pI 5.5. Comparison with 15 cofactor-independent PGAM sequences available in databases showed that the amino-acid sequence of the trypanosome enzyme has 59-62% identity with plant PGAMs and 29-35% with eubacterial enzymes. A low 28% identity was observed with the only available invertebrate sequence. The trypanosome enzyme has been expressed in Escherichia coli, purified to homogeneity and subjected to preliminary kinetic analysis. Previous studies have shown that cofactor-dependent and -independent PGAMs are not homologous. It has been inferred that the cofactor-independent PGAMs are in fact homologous to a family of metalloenzymes containing alkaline phosphatases and sulphatases. Prediction of the secondary structure of T. brucei PGAM and threading the sequence into the known crystal structure of E. coli alkaline phosphatase (AP) confirmed this homology, despite the very low sequence identity. Generally, a good match between predicted (PGAM) and actual (AP) secondary structure elements was observed. In contrast to trypanosomes, glycolysis in all vertebrates involves a cofactor-dependent PGAM. The presence of distinct nonhomologous PGAMs in the parasite and its human host offers great potential for the design of selective inhibitors which could form leads for new trypanocidal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chevalier
- Research Unit for Tropical Diseases, Christian de Duve Institute of Cellular Pathology and Laboratory of Biochemistry, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Galperin MY, Bairoch A, Koonin EV. A superfamily of metalloenzymes unifies phosphopentomutase and cofactor-independent phosphoglycerate mutase with alkaline phosphatases and sulfatases. Protein Sci 1998; 7:1829-35. [PMID: 10082381 PMCID: PMC2144072 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5560070819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Sequence analysis of the probable archaeal phosphoglycerate mutase resulted in the identification of a superfamily of metalloenzymes with similar metal-binding sites and predicted conserved structural fold. This superfamily unites alkaline phosphatase, N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase, and cerebroside sulfatase, enzymes with known three-dimensional structures, with phosphopentomutase, 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase, phosphoglycerol transferase, phosphonate monoesterase, streptomycin-6-phosphate phosphatase, alkaline phosphodiesterase/nucleotide pyrophosphatase PC-1, and several closely related sulfatases. In addition to the metal-binding motifs, all these enzymes contain a set of conserved amino acid residues that are likely to be required for the enzymatic activity. Mutational changes in the vicinity of these residues in several sulfatases cause mucopolysaccharidosis (Hunter, Maroteaux-Lamy, Morquio, and Sanfilippo syndromes) and metachromatic leucodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Galperin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA.
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Abstract
This review discusses the organization and regulation of the glycolytic pathway in plants and compares and contrasts plant and nonplant glycolysis. Plant glycolysis exists both in the cytosol and plastid, and the parallel reactions are catalyzed by distinct nuclear-encoded isozymes. Cytosolic glycolysis is a complex network containing alternative enzymatic reactions. Two alternate cytosolic reactions enhance the pathway's ATP yield through the use of pyrophosphate in place of ATP. The cytosolic glycolytic network may provide an essential metabolic flexibility that facilitates plant development and acclimation to environmental stress. The regulation of plant glycolytic flux is assessed, with a focus on the fine control of enzymes involved in the metabolism of fructose-6-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate. Plant and nonplant glycolysis are regulated from the "bottom up" and "top down," respectively. Research on tissue- and developmental-specific isozymes of plant glycolytic enzymes is summarized. Potential pitfalls associated with studies of glycolytic enzymes are considered. Some glycolytic enzymes may be multifunctional proteins involved in processes other than carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C. Plaxton
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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Forsthoefel NR, Vernon DM, Cushman JC. A salinity-induced gene from the halophyte M. crystallinum encodes a glycolytic enzyme, cofactor-independent phosphoglyceromutase. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1995; 29:213-26. [PMID: 7579174 DOI: 10.1007/bf00043647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In the facultative halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (ice plant), salinity stress triggers significant changes in gene expression, including increased expression of mRNAs encoding enzymes involved with osmotic adaptation to water stress and the crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthetic pathway. To investigate adaptive stress responses in the ice plant at the molecular level, we generated a subtracted cDNA library from stressed plants and identified mRNAs that increase in expression upon salt stress. One full-length cDNA clone was found to encode cofactor-independent phosphoglyceromutase (PGM), an enzyme involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Pgm1 expression increased in leaves of plants exposed to either saline or drought conditions, whereas levels of the mRNA remained unchanged in roots of hydroponically grown plants. Pgm1 mRNA was also induced in response to treatment with either abscisic acid or cytokinin. Transcription run-on experiments confirmed that Pgm1 mRNA accumulation in leaves was due primarily to increased transcription rates. Immunoblot analysis indicated that Pgm1 mRNA accumulation was accompanied by a modest but reproductible increase in the level of PGM protein. The isolation of a salinity-induced gene encoding a basic enzyme of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis indicates that adaptation to salt stress in the ice plant involves adjustments in fundamental pathways of carbon metabolism and that these adjustments are controlled at the level of gene expression. We propose that the leaf-specific expression of Pgm1 contributes to the maintenance of efficient carbon flux through glycolysis/gluconeogenesis in conjunction with the stress-induced shift to CAM photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Forsthoefel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078-0454, USA
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Graña X, Pérez de la Ossa P, Broceño C, Stöcker M, Garriga J, Puigdomènech P, Climent F. 2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase is conserved among different phylogenic kingdoms. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 1995; 112:287-93. [PMID: 7584858 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(95)00076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that maize (Zea mays) 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM-i) is not related to 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase. With the aid of specific anti-maize PGAM-i antibodies, we demonstrate here the presence of a closely related PGAM-i in other plants. We also describe the isolation and sequencing of a cDNA-encoding almond (Prunus amygdalus) PGAM-i that further demonstrates this relationship among plant PGAM-i. A search of the major databases for related sequences allowed us to identify some novel PGAM-i from different sources: plants (Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa and Antithamniom sp.), monera (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium) and animals (Caenorhabditis elegans). All of these amino acid sequences share a high degree of homology with plant PGAM-i. These observations suggest that the PGAM-i from several biological kingdoms constitute a family of protein different from other proteins with related enzymatic function and arose from a common ancestral gene that has diverged throughout its evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Graña
- Unitat de Bioquimica, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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Huang Y, Dennis DT. Histidine residues 139, 363 and 500 are essential for catalytic activity of cofactor-independent phosphoglyceromutase from developing endosperm of the castor plant. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1995; 229:395-402. [PMID: 7744062 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.tb20480.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cofactor-independent phosphoglyceromutase (PGM) from castor is inactivated by diethyl pyrocarbonate, implicating histidine residues in the catalytic mechanism. Treatment of the inhibited enzyme with 1 M hydroxylamine at pH 7.0 restores the enzyme activity. Spectroscopic data indicate that the inactivation of PGM with diethyl pyrocarbonate is the result of formation of carbethoxyhistidine derivatives. The substrate, 3-phosphoglycerate, substantially protects the enzyme against diethyl pyrocarbonate inactivation, indicating that the histidine residues important in catalysis are at or near the active site of the enzyme. There are 12 conserved histidine residues in all plant PGMs that have been sequenced. In the castor PGM, these conserved histidine residues were changed to either valine (H12V) or alanine (H41A, H65A, H84A, H127A, H139A, H163A, H363A H433A, H471A, H500A and H540A) by in vitro mutagenesis. Expression of these mutant proteins in Escherichia coli produced seven soluble mutant proteins (mutations H41A, H65A, H84A, H139A, H363A, H500A and H540A) and five insoluble mutant proteins (mutations H12V, H127A, H163A, H433A and H471A). Among the seven soluble proteins, four possessed normal PGM activity (mutations H41A, H65A, H84A and H540A) and three (mutations H139A, H363A and H500A) had no catalytic activity. Along with the in-vitro-expressed wild-type enzyme, mutant enzymes [H139A]PGM, [H363A]PGM and [H500A]PGM were purified to homogeneity. Purified wild-type PGM expressed in E. coli was active and had a Km value very close to that of the enzyme purified from castor endosperm, while the three mutant enzymes remained inactive throughout purification. Therefore, histidine residues 139, 363 and 500 appear to be essential for the catalytic activity of the cofactor-independent enzyme, and may be located at the active site. Hence, although the cofactor-dependent and cofactor-independent PGMs have no homology in their primary amino acid sequences, both enzymes appear to utilize histidine residues to mediate the transfers of proton and phospho groups in the reaction, and thus may be functionally and mechanistically convergent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Huang
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Ontario, Canada
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