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Pismarović L, Šoštarčić V, Kljak K, Lazarević B, Šćepanović M. Three inhibitory phenolic acids against common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) had a minimal effect on maize growth in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308825. [PMID: 39331639 PMCID: PMC11432884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
With the increasing demand for non-chemical weed control methods, phenolic acids have shown promise due to their natural weed inhibitory potential. In this study, the inhibitory effect of ferulic acid, vanillic acid and p-coumaric acid was investigated on Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and the selectivity of Zea mays L. against these phenolic acids was tested. The seeds of A. artemisiifolia and Z. mays were treated in vitro with three phenolic acids at doses of 200-600 × 10-7 mol and in vivo foliar on A. artemisiifolia and Z. mays plants. While all phenolic acids had effects on the early growth of A. artemisiifolia, p-coumaric acid significantly reduced the length of radicle and hypocotyl by more than 60% while the effects on Z. mays were minimal. In vivo assessments using chlorophyll fluorescence and multispectral imaging showed selective stress responses in A. artemisiifolia but not in Z. mays after foliar application. The in vitro results show that p-coumaric acid is a promising compound for the control of A. artemisiifolia. However, these phenolic acids at these doses led to an insufficient reduction in photochemical efficiency. Therefore, these natural compounds need to be combined with other methods of weed control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pismarović
- Department of Weed Science, Division of Phytomedicine, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valentina Šoštarčić
- Department of Weed Science, Division of Phytomedicine, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Kljak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Division of Animal Science, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Boris Lazarević
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Division of Agroecology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Šćepanović
- Department of Weed Science, Division of Phytomedicine, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
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2
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Liu Z, Wu Z, Zhang Y, Wen J, Su Z, Wei H, Zhang J. Impacts of conventional and biodegradable microplastics in maize-soil ecosystems: Above and below ground. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 477:135129. [PMID: 39053066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The increasing accumulation of microplastics (MPs) in agroecosystems has raised significant environmental and public health concerns, facilitating the application of biodegradable plastics. However, the comparative effects of conventional and biodegradable MPs in agroecosystem are still far from fully understood. Here we developed microcosm experiments to reveal the ecological effects of conventional (polyethylene [PE] and polypropylene [PP]) and biodegradable (polyadipate/butylene terephthalate [PBAT] and polycaprolactone [PCL]) MPs (0, 1%, 5%; w/w) in the maize-soil ecosystem. We found that PCL MPs reduced plant production by 73.6-75.2%, while PE, PP and PBAT MPs elicited almost negligible change. The addition of PCL MPs decreased specific enzyme activities critical for soil nutrients cycling by 71.5-95.3%. Biodegradable MPs tended to reduce bacterial α-diversity. The 1% treatments of PE and PBAT, and PCL enhanced bacterial networks complexity, whereas 5% of PE and PBAT, and PP had adverse effect. Moreover, biodegradable MPs appeared to reduce the α-diversity and networks complexity of fungal community. Overall, PCL reduced the ecosystem multifunctionality, mainly by inhibiting the microbial metabolic activity. This study offers evidence that biodegradable MPs can impair agroecosystem multifunctionality, and highlights the potential risks to replace the conventional plastics by biodegradable ones in agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yirui Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiahao Wen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhijun Su
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hui Wei
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jiaen Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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3
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Pica ML, Vitale E, Donadio R, Costanzo G, Munari M, Fabbrizzi E, Fraschetti S, Arena C. Functional ecological traits in young and adult thalli of canopy-forming brown macroalga Gongolaria barbata (Phaeophyta) from a transitional water system. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17959. [PMID: 39282112 PMCID: PMC11402337 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gongolaria barbata is a canopy-forming brown macroalga that thrives in the intertidal and subtidal habitats of the warm-temperate Mediterranean Sea, which is particularly exposed to environmental changes due to its peculiar geographical location and exposure to both global and local stressors. Testing whether this species is featured by specific functional, eco-physiological and biochemical traits allowing an efficient use of habitat resources and adaptation to environmental stress, and whether this potential might change with population growth, is essential for predicting the performance of the algae under different environmental abiotic variables (e.g., temperature, nutrient availability, light) and biotic interactions (such as grazing). Methods Young (juveniles) and adult thalli of G. barbata were sampled in the winter season from the Venice Lagoon, Italy, featured by high environmental changes (temperature, salinity) and analyzed for thallus dry matter content (TDMC), photosynthetic activity, photosynthetic pigment and protein content, and antioxidant capacity to assess if thallus age may be considered a significant driver in determining the ecological responses of this species to environmental changes. Results Our results showed that TDMC was higher in adults than juveniles. At the functional level, rapid light curves indicated an elevated photosynthetic efficiency in juveniles compared to adults highlighted by the higher quantum yield of PSII electron transport, electron transport rate, and Rubisco content observed in juveniles. On the contrary, adults exhibited a higher non-photochemical quenching and total pigment concentration. No difference in maximum PSII photochemical efficiency and D1 protein content between the two thalli groups was found. Along with better photosynthesis, juveniles also displayed a higher amount of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins, and a stronger antioxidant capacity compared to adults. Conclusions Our findings revealed significant differences in the eco-physiological characteristics of G. barbata at different growth stages. It was observed that young thalli, allocate more energy to photosynthesis and chemical defenses by increasing the production of antioxidant compounds, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins. With growth, thalli likely adopt a more conservative strategy, reducing photosynthesis and promoting structural biomass accumulation to mitigate the potential risks associated with prolonged exposure to environmental stressors, such as the wavy way. Although our study focused on a single phase of G. barbata life cycle under winter settings, it offers preliminary insights into this species eco-physiological traits and auto-ecology. Future research could explore the potential implications of these findings, evaluating the species' resilience to environmental changes at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Pica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ermenegilda Vitale
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosa Donadio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Costanzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Munari
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
- Department of Biology, Stazione Idrobiologica 'Umberto d'Ancona', University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Erika Fabbrizzi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Roma, Italy
| | - Simonetta Fraschetti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Roma, Italy
| | - Carmen Arena
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
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Zait Y, Shemer OE, Cochavi A. Dynamic responses of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters to drought across diverse plant families. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14527. [PMID: 39291421 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Chlorophyll fluorescence measurement is a quick and efficient tool for plant stress-level detection. The use of Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), allows the detection of the plant stress level under field conditions. Over the years, several parameters estimating different parts of the chlorophyll and photosystem response were developed to describe the plant stress level. Despite all fluorescence parameters being based on the same measurements, their relationship remains unclear, and their response to drought stress is significantly influenced by the incoming light intensity. In this study, we use six different annual plants from different families, both C3 and C4 photosynthesis types, to describe the plant response to drought through the fluorescence parameters response (NPQ, Y(NPQ), and qN). To describe the dynamic response to drought, we employed light-response curves, adapting and fitting an equation for each curve to compare the drought response for each fluorescence parameter. The results demonstrated that the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and the quantum yield of non-photochemical quenching [Y(NPQ)] maximal values decrease when the PSII functionality (Fv/Fm) is lower than ~0.7. The basal fluorescence level (F 0 $$ {F}_0 $$ andF s ) $$ {F}_s\Big) $$ remained unaffected by the stress level and stayed stable across the various plants and stress levels. Our results indicate that the response of different stress parameters follows a distinct order under continuous drought. Consequently, monitoring just one parameter during long-term stress assessments may result in biased analysis outcomes. Incorporating multiple chlorophyll fluorescence parameters offers a more accurate reflection of the plant's stress level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotam Zait
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Or Emma Shemer
- Department of Plant Science, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and the Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Amnon Cochavi
- Department of Plant Science, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
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5
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Ling Z, Lu E, Peng X, Yang Y, Zheng Y. The physiochemical characteristics and glycerolipid profile of Cycas panzhihuaensis in response to individual and combined drought and freezing temperature stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108907. [PMID: 38972242 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The frequency and intensity of the occurrence of drought (D) events during winter are increasing in most areas of China. To explore the interactive effects of D and freezing temperature (F) on plants of endangered Cycas panzhihuaensis, some physiochemical characteristics and the lipid profile were determined. Drought and F stress had no or little impact on the traits of leaves, which, however, bleached following a combination of D and F treatment (DF). Drought treatment did not affect the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and the flavonoid content of C. panzhihuaensis. Besides the increase in flavonoid content, a decrease of photochemical efficiency and an increase of heat dissipation were induced by both F and DF treatment, with the effects being greater in the latter treatment. The malondialdehyde content decreased significantly and the total antioxidant capacity increased significantly in the plants exposed to both D and DF treatments. The D treatment did not impact the amount of phospholipids but led to an accumulation of saccharolipids. Additionally, the amount of both phospholipids and saccharolipids remained unchanged following F treatment but decreased significantly following DF treatment compared with those of the control. The unsaturation level did not change significantly in most lipid classes of membrane glycerolipids following various stresses but increased significantly in phosphatidylserine, monogalactosylmonoacylglycerol, digalactosyldiacylglycerol and sulphoquinovosyldiacylglycerol following D or both D and F treatments. Generally, plants of C. panzhihuaensis showed relatively strong tolerance to individual D stress, while D aggravated the F-induced damage, which was likely caused by the degradation of the membrane glycerolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Ling
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration for Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650233, China
| | - Erya Lu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration for Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650233, China
| | - Xiaoling Peng
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration for Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650233, China
| | - Yongqiong Yang
- Sichuan Cycas panzhihuaensis National Nature Reserve, Panzhihua, China, 617000, China.
| | - Yanling Zheng
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration for Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650233, China.
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6
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Ermakova M, Woodford R, Fitzpatrick D, Nix SJ, Zwahlen SM, Farquhar GD, von Caemmerer S, Furbank RT. Chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase-like complex-mediated cyclic electron flow is the main electron transport route in C 4 bundle sheath cells. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:2187-2200. [PMID: 39036838 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The superior productivity of C4 plants is achieved via a metabolic C4 cycle which acts as a CO2 pump across mesophyll and bundle sheath (BS) cells and requires an additional input of energy in the form of ATP. The importance of chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase-like complex (NDH) operating cyclic electron flow (CEF) around Photosystem I (PSI) for C4 photosynthesis has been shown in reverse genetics studies but the contribution of CEF and NDH to cell-level electron fluxes remained unknown. We have created gene-edited Setaria viridis with null ndhO alleles lacking functional NDH and developed methods for quantification of electron flow through NDH in BS and mesophyll cells. We show that CEF accounts for 84% of electrons reducing PSI in BS cells and most of those electrons are delivered through NDH while the contribution of the complex to electron transport in mesophyll cells is minimal. A decreased leaf CO2 assimilation rate and growth of plants lacking NDH cannot be rescued by supplying additional CO2. Our results indicate that NDH-mediated CEF is the primary electron transport route in BS chloroplasts highlighting the essential role of NDH in generating ATP required for CO2 fixation by the C3 cycle in BS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ermakova
- Division of Plant Science, Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2600, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Russell Woodford
- Division of Plant Science, Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2600, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Duncan Fitzpatrick
- Division of Plant Science, Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Samuel J Nix
- Division of Plant Science, Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Soraya M Zwahlen
- Division of Plant Science, Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2600, Australia
- Division of Developmental Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Graham D Farquhar
- Division of Plant Science, Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Susanne von Caemmerer
- Division of Plant Science, Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Robert T Furbank
- Division of Plant Science, Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2600, Australia
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7
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Hoh D, Froehlich JE, Kramer DM. Redox regulation in chloroplast thylakoid lumen: The pmf changes everything, again. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2749-2765. [PMID: 38111217 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is the foundation of life on Earth. However, if not well regulated, it can also generate excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can cause photodamage. Regulation of photosynthesis is highly dynamic, responding to both environmental and metabolic cues, and occurs at many levels, from light capture to energy storage and metabolic processes. One general mechanism of regulation involves the reversible oxidation and reduction of protein thiol groups, which can affect the activity of enzymes and the stability of proteins. Such redox regulation has been well studied in stromal enzymes, but more recently, evidence has emerged of redox control of thylakoid lumenal enzymes. This review/hypothesis paper summarizes the latest research and discusses several open questions and challenges to achieving effective redox control in the lumen, focusing on the distinct environments and regulatory components of the thylakoid lumen, including the need to transport electrons across the thylakoid membrane, the effects of pH changes by the proton motive force (pmf) in the stromal and lumenal compartments, and the observed differences in redox states. These constraints suggest that activated oxygen species are likely to be major regulatory contributors to lumenal thiol redox regulation, with key components and processes yet to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghee Hoh
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - John E Froehlich
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - David M Kramer
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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8
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Zhuang J, Wang Q. Hyperspectral Indices Developed from Fractional-Order Derivative Spectra Improved Estimation of Leaf Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1923. [PMID: 39065450 PMCID: PMC11281006 DOI: 10.3390/plants13141923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) parameters offer valuable insights into quantifying energy transfer and allocation at the photosystem level. However, tracking their variation based on reflectance spectral information remains challenging for large-scale remote sensing applications and ecological modeling. Spectral preprocessing methods, such as fractional-order derivatives (FODs), have been demonstrated to have advantages in highlighting spectral features. In this study, we developed and assessed the ability of novel spectral indices derived from FOD spectra and other spectral transformations to retrieve the ChlF parameters of various species and leaf groups. The results obtained showed that the empirical spectral indices were of low reliability in estimating the ChlF parameters. In contrast, the indices developed from low-order FOD spectra demonstrated a significant improvement in estimation. Furthermore, the incorporation of species specificity enhanced the tracking of the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of sunlit leaves (R2 = 0.61, r = 0.79, RMSE = 0.15, MAE = 0.13), the fraction of PSII open centers (qL) of shaded leaves (R2 = 0.50, r = 0.71, RMSE = 0.09, MAE = 0.08), and the fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) of shaded leaves (R2 = 0.71, r = 0.85, RMSE = 0.002, MAE = 0.001). Our study demonstrates the potential of FOD spectra in capturing variations in ChlF parameters. Nevertheless, given the complexity and sensitivity of ChlF parameters, it is prudent to exercise caution when utilizing spectral indices for tracking them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhuang
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan;
| | - Quan Wang
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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9
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Zhang H, Xiong X, Guo K, Zheng M, Cao T, Yang Y, Song J, Cen J, Zhang J, Jiang Y, Feng S, Tian L, Li X. A rapid aureochrome opto-switch enables diatom acclimation to dynamic light. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5578. [PMID: 38956103 PMCID: PMC11219949 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49991-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Diatoms often outnumber other eukaryotic algae in the oceans, especially in coastal environments characterized by frequent fluctuations in light intensity. The identities and operational mechanisms of regulatory factors governing diatom acclimation to high light stress remain largely elusive. Here, we identified the AUREO1c protein from the coastal diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum as a crucial regulator of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), a photoprotective mechanism that dissipates excess energy as heat. AUREO1c detects light stress using a light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) domain and directly activates the expression of target genes, including LI818 genes that encode NPQ effector proteins, via its bZIP DNA-binding domain. In comparison to a kinase-mediated pathway reported in the freshwater green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the AUREO1c pathway exhibits a faster response and enables accumulation of LI818 transcript and protein levels to comparable degrees between continuous high-light and fluctuating-light treatments. We propose that the AUREO1c-LI818 pathway contributes to the resilience of diatoms under dynamic light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xiong
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kangning Guo
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
| | - Tianjun Cao
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Yang
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Song
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Cen
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahuan Zhang
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyou Jiang
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shan Feng
- Mass Spectrometry & Metabolomics Core Facility, The Biomedical Research Core Facility, Center for Research Equipment and Facilities, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China.
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10
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Bülbül S, Sezgin Muslu A, Saglam A, Kadioglu A. Heliotropium thermophilum adapts to high soil temperature in natural conditions due to its highly active antioxidant system protecting its photosynthetic machinery. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP23325. [PMID: 38991103 DOI: 10.1071/fp23325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Heliotropium thermophilum (Boraginaceae) plants have strong antioxidant properties. This study investigated the effectiveness of the antioxidant system in protecting the photosynthetic machinery of H. thermophilum . Plants were obtained from Kızıldere geothermal area in Buharkent district, Aydın, Turkey. Plants in the geothermal area that grew at 25-35°C were regarded as the low temperature group, while those that grew at 55-65°C were regarded as the high temperature group. We analysed the physiological changes of these plants at the two temperature conditions at stage pre-flowering and flowering. We meaured the effect of high soil temperature on water potential, malondialdehyde, cell membrane stability, and hydrogen peroxide analysis to determine stress levels on leaves and roots. Changes in antioxidant enzyme activities, ascorbate and chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, and photosynthetic enzymes (Rubisco and invertase) activities were also determined. Our results showed minimal changes to stress levels, indicating that plants were tolerant to high soil temperatures. In general, an increase in antioxidant enzyme activities, ascorbat levels, and all chlorophyll fluorescence parameters except for non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and F v /F m were observed. The pre-flowering and flowering stages were both characterised by decreased NPQ, despite F v /F m not changing. Additionally, there was a rise in the levels of photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, Rubisco, and invertase activities. High temperature did not affect photosynthetic yield because H. thermophilum was found to stimulate antioxidant capacity, which reduces oxidative damage and maintains its photosynthetic machinery in high temperature conditions and therefore, it is tolerant to high soil temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Bülbül
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
| | - Asiye Sezgin Muslu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
| | - Aykut Saglam
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
| | - Asim Kadioglu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
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11
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Szőke L, Tóth B, Javornik T, Lazarević B. Quantifying aluminum toxicity effects on corn phenotype using advanced imaging technologies. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e623. [PMID: 39040680 PMCID: PMC11262852 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Soil acidity (pH <5.5) limits agricultural production due to aluminum (Al) toxicity. The primary target of Al toxicity is the plant root. However, symptoms can be observed on the shoots. This study aims to determine the potential use of chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, multispectral imaging, and 3D multispectral scanning technology to quantify the effects of Al toxicity on corn. Corn seedlings were grown for 13 days in nutrient solutions (pH 4.0) with four Al treatments: 50, 100, 200, and 400 μM and a control (0 μM AlCl3 L-1). During the experiment, four measurements were performed: four (MT1), six (MT2), 11 (MT3), and 13 (MT4) days after the application of Al treatments. The most sensitive traits affected by Al toxicity were the reduction of plant growth and increased reflectance in the visible wavelength (affected at MT1). The reflectance of red wavelengths increased more significantly compared to near-infrared and green wavelengths, leading to a decrease in the normalized difference vegetation index and the Green Leaf Index. The most sensitive chlorophyll fluorescence traits, effective quantum yield of PSII, and photochemical quenching coefficient were affected after prolonged Al exposure (MT3). This study demonstrates the usability of selected phenotypic traits in remote sensing studies to map Al-toxic soils and in high-throughput phenotyping studies to screen Al-tolerant genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lóránt Szőke
- Department of Plant NutritionUniversity of Zagreb Faculty of AgricultureZagrebCroatia
- Institute of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Brigitta Tóth
- Institute of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Tomislav Javornik
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant BreedingUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
- Department of Plant BiodiversityUniversity of Zagreb Faculty of AgricultureZagrebCroatia
| | - Boris Lazarević
- Department of Plant NutritionUniversity of Zagreb Faculty of AgricultureZagrebCroatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant BreedingUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
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12
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Moustakas M, Panteris E, Moustaka J, Aydın T, Bayçu G, Sperdouli I. Modulation of Photosystem II Function in Celery via Foliar-Applied Salicylic Acid during Gradual Water Deficit Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6721. [PMID: 38928427 PMCID: PMC11203862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Water deficit is the major stress factor magnified by climate change that causes the most reductions in plant productivity. Knowledge of photosystem II (PSII) response mechanisms underlying crop vulnerability to drought is critical to better understanding the consequences of climate change on crop plants. Salicylic acid (SA) application under drought stress may stimulate PSII function, although the exact mechanism remains essentially unclear. To reveal the PSII response mechanism of celery plants sprayed with water (WA) or SA, we employed chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis at 48 h, 96 h, and 192 h after watering. The results showed that up to 96 h after watering, the stroma lamellae of SA-sprayed leaves appeared dilated, and the efficiency of PSII declined, compared to WA-sprayed plants, which displayed a better PSII function. However, 192 h after watering, the stroma lamellae of SA-sprayed leaves was restored, while SA boosted chlorophyll synthesis, and by ameliorating the osmotic potential of celery plants, it resulted in higher relative leaf water content compared to WA-sprayed plants. SA, by acting as an antioxidant under drought stress, suppressed phototoxicity, thereby offering PSII photoprotection, together with enhanced effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII) and decreased quantity of singlet oxygen (1O2) generation compared to WA-sprayed plants. The PSII photoprotection mechanism induced by SA under drought stress was triggered by non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), which is a strategy to protect the chloroplast from photo-oxidative damage by dissipating the excess light energy as heat. This photoprotective mechanism, triggered by NPQ under drought stress, was adequate in keeping, especially in high-light conditions, an equal fraction of open PSII reaction centers (qp) as of non-stress conditions. Thus, under water deficit stress, SA activates a regulatory network of stress and light energy partitioning signaling that can mitigate, to an extent, the water deficit stress on PSII functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Moustakas
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Emmanuel Panteris
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Julietta Moustaka
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Tuğba Aydın
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey; (T.A.); (G.B.)
| | - Gülriz Bayçu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey; (T.A.); (G.B.)
| | - Ilektra Sperdouli
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation–Demeter (ELGO-Dimitra), 57001 Thermi, Greece
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Sperdouli I, Panteris E, Moustaka J, Aydın T, Bayçu G, Moustakas M. Mechanistic Insights on Salicylic Acid-Induced Enhancement of Photosystem II Function in Basil Plants under Non-Stress or Mild Drought Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5728. [PMID: 38891916 PMCID: PMC11171592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) functions were investigated in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants sprayed with 1 mM salicylic acid (SA) under non-stress (NS) or mild drought-stress (MiDS) conditions. Under MiDS, SA-sprayed leaves retained significantly higher (+36%) chlorophyll content compared to NS, SA-sprayed leaves. PSII efficiency in SA-sprayed leaves under NS conditions, evaluated at both low light (LL, 200 μmol photons m-2 s-1) and high light (HL, 900 μmol photons m-2 s-1), increased significantly with a parallel significant decrease in the excitation pressure at PSII (1-qL) and the excess excitation energy (EXC). This enhancement of PSII efficiency under NS conditions was induced by the mechanism of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) that reduced singlet oxygen (1O2) production, as indicated by the reduced quantum yield of non-regulated energy loss in PSII (ΦNO). Under MiDS, the thylakoid structure of water-sprayed leaves appeared slightly dilated, and the efficiency of PSII declined, compared to NS conditions. In contrast, the thylakoid structure of SA-sprayed leaves did not change under MiDS, while PSII functionality was retained, similar to NS plants at HL. This was due to the photoprotective heat dissipation by NPQ, which was sufficient to retain the same percentage of open PSII reaction centers (qp), as in NS conditions and HL. We suggest that the redox status of the plastoquinone pool (qp) under MiDS and HL initiated the acclimation response to MiDS in SA-sprayed leaves, which retained the same electron transport rate (ETR) with control plants. Foliar spray of SA could be considered as a method to improve PSII efficiency in basil plants under NS conditions, at both LL and HL, while under MiDS and HL conditions, basil plants could retain PSII efficiency similar to control plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilektra Sperdouli
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation–Demeter (ELGO-Dimitra), 57001 Thermi, Greece;
| | - Emmanuel Panteris
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Julietta Moustaka
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Tuğba Aydın
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey; (T.A.); (G.B.)
| | - Gülriz Bayçu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey; (T.A.); (G.B.)
| | - Michael Moustakas
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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Li Z, Gaitan-Espitia JD. Temperature-dependent toxicity of fluoxetine alters the thermal plasticity of marine diatoms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:172146. [PMID: 38569963 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have led to the emergence of pharmaceutical pollution in marine ecosystems, posing a significant threat to biodiversity in conjunction with global climate change. While the ecotoxicity of human drugs on aquatic organisms is increasingly recognized, their interactions with environmental factors, such as temperature, remain understudied. This research investigates the physiological effects of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), fluoxetine, on two diatom species, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Thalassiosira weissflogii. Results demonstrate that fluoxetine significantly reduces growth rate and biomass production, concurrently affecting pigment contents and the thermal performance curve (TPC) of the diatoms. Fluoxetine reduces the synthesis of chlorophyll a (Chl a) and carotenoid (Car), indicating inhibition of photosynthesis and photoprotection. Furthermore, fluoxetine decreases the maximum growth rate (μmax) while increasing the optimum temperature (Topt) in both species, suggesting an altered thermal plasticity. This shift is attributed to the observed decrease in the inhibition rate of fluoxetine with rising temperatures. These findings emphasize the physiological impacts and ecological implications of fluoxetine on phytoplankton and underscore the significance of considering interactions between multiple environmental drivers when accessing the ecotoxicity of potential pollutants. The present study provides insights into crucial considerations for evaluating the impacts of pharmaceutical pollution on marine primary producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Li
- The SWIRE Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Juan Diego Gaitan-Espitia
- The SWIRE Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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15
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Zhuang J, Wang Q. Integrating leaf spectral and water status information to effectively track chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters during dehydration. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14391. [PMID: 38894595 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring changes in chlorophyll a (ChlFa) fluorescence during dehydration can provide insights into plant photosynthetic responses to climate change challenges, which are predicted to increase drought frequency. However, the limited knowledge of how ChlFa parameters respond to water deficit hinders the exploration of the photochemical mechanism of the photosynthetic process and the simulation of photosynthetic fluorescence models. Furthermore, how to track such responses of ChlFa parameters, especially at large scales, remains a challenge. In this study, we attempted to use spectral information reflected from leaves to follow the dynamic response patterns of ChlFa parameters of seven species under prolonged dehydration. The results showed that the investigated ChlFa parameters exhibited significant changes as dehydration progressed, with considerable variability among the different species as well as under different water conditions. This study also demonstrated that the integration of both spectral and water content information can provide an effective method for tracking ChlFa parameters during dehydration, explaining over 90% of the total variance in the measured ChlFa parameters. Collectively, these results should serve as a valuable reference for predicting the response of ChlFa parameters to dehydration and offer a potential method for estimating ChlFa parameters under drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhuang
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Quan Wang
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
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16
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de Souza MA, de Andrade LIF, Gago J, Pereira EG. Photoprotective mechanisms and higher photorespiration are key points for iron stress tolerance under heatwaves in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 342:112031. [PMID: 38346562 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Considering the current climate change scenario, the development of heat-tolerant rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) is paramount for cultivation in waterlogged systems affected by iron (Fe) excess. The objective of this work was to investigate the physiological basis of tolerance to excess Fe in rice cultivars that would maintain photosynthetic efficiency at higher temperatures. In an experimental approach, two rice cultivars (IRGA424 - tolerant and IRGA417- susceptible to Fe toxicity) were exposed to two concentrations of FeSO4-EDTA, control (0.019 mM) and excess Fe (7 mM) and subsequent exposition to heatwaves at different temperatures (25 °C - control, 35, 40, 45, 50, and 55 °C). The increase in temperatures resulted in a higher Fe concentration in shoots accompanied by a lower Rubisco carboxylation rate in both cultivars, but with lower damage in the tolerant one. Stomatal limitation only occurred as a late response to Fe toxicity, especially in the sensitive cultivar. The activation of photorespiration as electron sink under Fe excess with increasing temperature during heatwaves appear as a major mechanism to alleviate oxidative stress in cultivars tolerant to excess Fe. The tolerance to iron toxicity and heat stress is associated with increased photoprotective mechanisms driving non-photochemical dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moises Alves de Souza
- Setor de Fisiologia Vegetal, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Jorge Gago
- Instituto de investigaciones Agroambientales y de la Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Universitat deles Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Eduardo Gusmão Pereira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Rodovia LMG 818, km 06, Campus UFV-Florestal, Florestal, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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17
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Ejaz U, Zakir S, Abideen Z, Fahim B, Shaikh W, Shakil F, Mirza FH, Haider SW, Khan A, Sohail M. Assessment of textile effluent treatment by immobilized Trametes pubescens MB 89 for plant growth promotion. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:36052-36063. [PMID: 38744768 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33673-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Industrialization and the ever-increasing world population have diminished high-quality water resources for sustainable agriculture. It is imperative to effectively treat industrial effluent to render the treated water available for crop cultivation. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of textile effluent treated with Trametes pubescens MB 89 in supporting maize cultivation. The fungal treatment reduced the amounts of Co, Pb and As in the textile effluent. The biological oxygen demand, total dissolved solids and total suspended solids were within the permissible limits in the treated effluent. The data indicated that the irrigation of maize with fungal-treated textile effluent improved the growth parameters of the plant including root, shoot length, leaf area and chlorophyll content. Moreover, better antioxidant activity, total phenol content and protein content in roots, stems and leaves of maize plants were obtained. Photosynthetic parameters (potential quantum yield, electron transport rate and fluorescence yield of non-photochemical losses other than heat) were also improved in the plants irrigated with treated effluent as compared to the control groups. In conclusion, the treatment of textile effluent with the immobilized T. pubescens presents a sustainable solution to minimize chemical pollution and effectively utilize water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uroosa Ejaz
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, SZABIST University, Karachi Campus, Pakistan
| | - Saima Zakir
- Dr Muhammad Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zainul Abideen
- Dr Muhammad Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Fahim
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, SZABIST University, Karachi Campus, Pakistan
| | - Waniya Shaikh
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, SZABIST University, Karachi Campus, Pakistan
| | - Faryal Shakil
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, SZABIST University, Karachi Campus, Pakistan
| | - Fizza Haroon Mirza
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, SZABIST University, Karachi Campus, Pakistan
| | - Syed Wasi Haider
- Institute of Space Science & Technology, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khan
- Department of Geology, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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Wang C, Qi G, Ma Y, Yin M, Wang J, Kang Y, Jia Q, Gao Y, Tian R, Zhang R, Lu Q, Xiao F. Effects of Water and Nitrogen Control on the Growth Physiology, Yields, and Economic Benefits of Lycium barbarum Plants in a Lycium barbarum + Alfalfa System. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1095. [PMID: 38674504 PMCID: PMC11054882 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In the production of economic forests, there are common issues such as excessive application of water and fertilizer, redundant plant growth, and low economic benefits. Reasonable water and fertilizer management can not only help address these problems but also improve the absorption and use efficiency of water and fertilizer resources by plants, promoting the green and efficient development of the fruit and forestry industry. In order to explore a suitable water and nitrogen management mode for Lycium barbarum, field experiments were conducted in this study from 2021 to 2022. Specifically, four irrigation modes (according to the proportion ratio of soil moisture content to field moisture capacity θf, 45-55% θf (W1, severe water deficiency), 55-65% θf (W2, moderate water deficiency), 65-75% θf (W3, mild water deficiency), and 75-85% θf (W4, sufficient irrigation)) and four nitrogen application levels (0 kg·ha-1 (N0, no nitrogen application), 150 kg·ha-1 (N1, low nitrogen application level), 300 kg·ha-1 (N2, medium nitrogen application level), and 450 kg·ha-1 (N3, high nitrogen application level)) were set up to analyze the influences of water and nitrogen control on the plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics and yield, and economic benefits of Lycium barbarum in the Lycium barbarum + Alfalfa system. The study results show that the plant height and stem diameter increment of Lycium barbarum increase with the irrigation amount, increasing first and then decreasing with the increase in the nitrogen application level. Meanwhile, the chlorophyll contents in Lycium barbarum continuously increase throughout their growth periods, with Lycium barbarum treated with W4N2 during all growth periods presenting the highest contents of chlorophyll. In a Lycium barbarum + Alfalfa system, the daily variation curve of the Lycium barbarum net photosynthetic rate presents a unimodal pattern, with maximum values of the daily average net photosynthetic rate and daily carboxylation rate appearing among W4N2-treated plants (19.56 μmol·m-2·s-1 and 157.06 mmol·m-2·s-1). Meanwhile, the transpiration rates of Lycium barbarum plants continuously decrease with the increased degree of water deficiency and decreased nitrogen application level. W1N2-treated plants exhibit the highest leaf daily average water use efficiency (3.31 μmol·s-1), presenting an increase of 0.50-10.47% in efficiency compared with plants under other treatments. The coupling of water and nitrogen has significantly improved the yields and economic benefits of Lycium barbarum plants, with W4N2-treated and W3N2-treated plants presenting the highest dried fruit yield (2623.07 kg·ha-1) and net income (50,700 CNY·ha-1), respectively. Furthermore, compared with other treatment methods, these two treatment methods (W4N2 and W3N2) exhibit increases of 4.04-84.08% and 3.89-123.35% in dried fruit yield and net income indexes, respectively. Regression analysis shows that, in a Lycium barbarum + Alfalfa system, both high yields and economic benefits of Lycium barbarum plants can be achieved using an irrigation amount of 4367.33-4415.07 m3·ha-1 and a nitrogen application level of 339.80-367.35 kg·ha-1. This study can provide a reference for improving the productivity of Lycium barbarum plants and achieving a rational supply of water and nitrogen in Lyciun barbarum + Alfalfa systems in the Yellow River Irrigation Area of Gansu, China, and other similar ecological areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guangping Qi
- College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (C.W.); (Y.M.); (M.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.K.); (Q.J.); (Y.G.); (R.T.); (R.Z.); (Q.L.); (F.X.)
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Zhan D, Liu Y, Yu N, Hao C. Photosynthetic response of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlamydomonas sp. 1710 to zinc toxicity. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1383360. [PMID: 38650883 PMCID: PMC11033396 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1383360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element but can lead to water contamination and ecological deterioration when present in excessive amounts. Therefore, investigating the photosynthetic response of microalgae to Zn stress is of great significance. In this study, we assessed the photosynthetic responses of neutrophilic Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and acidophilic Chlamydomonas sp. 1710 to Zn exposure for 96 h. The specific growth rate (μ), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) content, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were determined. The results demonstrated that Chlamydomonas sp. 1710 was much more tolerant to Zn than C. reinhardtii, with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 225.4 mg/L and 23.4 mg/L, respectively. The μ and Chl-a content of C. reinhardtii decreased in the presence of 15 mg/L Zn, whereas those of Chlamydomonas sp. 1710 were unaffected by as high as 100 mg/L Zn. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters indicated that the regulation of energy dissipation, including non-photochemical quenching, played a crucial role in Zn stress resistance for both Chlamydomonas strains. However, in the case of C. reinhardtii, non-photochemical quenching was inhibited by 5 mg/L Zn in the first 48 h, whereas for Chlamydomonas sp. 1710, it remained unaffected under 100 mg/L Zn. Chlamydomonas sp. 1710 also exhibited a 20 times stronger capacity for regulating the electron transfer rate than C. reinhardtii under Zn stress. The light energy utilization efficiency (α) of Chlamydomonas sp. 1710 had the most highly non-linear correlation with μ, indicating the energy utilization and regulation process of Chlamydomonas sp. 1710 was well protected under Zn stress. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that the photosystem of Chlamydomonas sp. 1710 is much more resilient and tolerant than that of C. reinhardtii under Zn stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhan
- Center for Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry Research, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Center for Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry Research, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Yu
- Center for Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry Research, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunbo Hao
- Center for Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry Research, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
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Li C, Pan Y, Yin W, Liu J, Hu H. A key gene, violaxanthin de-epoxidase-like 1, enhances fucoxanthin accumulation in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:49. [PMID: 38566219 PMCID: PMC10986045 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fucoxanthin has been widely investigated owing to its beneficial biological properties, and the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, possessing fucoxanthin (Fux) chlorophyll proteins as light-harvesting systems, is considered to have the potential to become a commercial cell factory for the pigment production. RESULTS Here, we compared the pigment contents in 10 different P. tricornutum strains from the globe, and found that strain CCMP631 (Pt6) exhibited the highest Fux content but with a low biomass. Comparison of mRNA levels revealed that higher Fux content in Pt6 was related with the higher expression of gene violaxanthin de-epoxidase-like (VDL) protein 1 (VDL1), which encodes the enzyme catalyzing the tautomerization of violaxanthin to neoxanthin in Fux biosynthesis pathway. Single nucleotide variants of VDL1 gene and allele-specific expression in strains Pt1 (the whole genome sequenced strain CCMP632) and Pt6 were analyzed, and overexpressing of each of the 4 VDL1 alleles, two from Pt1 and two from Pt6, in strain Pt1 leads to an increase in downstream product diadinoxanthin and channels the pigments towards Fux biosynthesis. All the 8 VDL1 overexpression (OE) lines showed significant increases by 8.2 to 41.7% in Fux content without compromising growth, and VDL1 Allele 2 OE lines even exhibited the higher cell density on day 8, with an increase by 24.2-28.7% in two Pt1VDL1-allele 2 OE lines and 7.1-11.1% in two Pt6VDL1-allele 2 OE lines, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results reveal VDL1, localized in the plastid stroma, plays a key role in Fux over-accumulation in P. tricornutum. Overexpressing VDL1, especially allele 2, improved both the Fux content and growth rate, which provides a new strategy for the manipulation of Fux production in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yufang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wenxiu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and Center for Algae Innovation & Engineering Research, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Hanhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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21
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Gebara RC, Abreu CBD, Rocha GS, Mansano ADS, Assis M, Moreira AJ, Santos MA, Pereira TM, Virtuoso LS, Melão MDGG, Longo E. Effects of ZnWO 4 nanoparticles on growth, photosynthesis, and biochemical parameters of the green microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141590. [PMID: 38460844 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have applications in many sectors in the society. ZnWO4 nanoparticles (ZnWO4-NPs) have potential in the fabrication of sensors, lasers, and batteries, and in environmental remediation. Thus, these NPs may reach aquatic ecosystems. However, we still do not know their effects on aquatic biota and, to our knowledge, this is the first study that evaluates the toxicity of ZnWO4-NPs in a eukaryotic organism. We evaluated the toxicity of ZnWO4-NPs on the green microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata for 96 h, in terms of growth, cell parameters, photosynthesis, and biochemical analysis. Results show that most of Zn was presented in its particulate form, with low amounts of Zn2+, resulting in toxicity at higher levels. The growth was affected from 8.4 mg L-1, with 96h-IC50 of 23.34 mg L-1. The chlorophyll a (Chl a) content increased at 30.2 mg L-1, while the fluorescence of Chl a (FL3-H) decreased at 15.2 mg L-1. We observed increased ROS levels at 44.4 mg L-1. Regarding photosynthesis, the NPs affected the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) and the efficiency of the photosystem II at 22.9 mg L-1. At 44.4 mg L-1 the qP decreased, indicating closure of reaction centers, probably affecting carbon assimilation, which explains the decay of carbohydrates. There was a decrease of qN (non-regulated energy dissipation, not used in photosynthesis), NPQ (regulated energy dissipation) and Y(NPQ) (regulated energy dissipation via heat), indicating damage to the photoprotection system; and an increase in Y(NO), which is the non-regulated energy dissipation via heat and fluorescence. The results showed that ZnWO4-NPs can affect the growth and physiological and biochemical parameters of the chlorophycean R. subcapitata. Microalgae are the base of aquatic food chains, the toxicity of emerging contaminants on microalgae can affect entire ecosystems. Therefore, our study can provide some help for better protection of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Castelhano Gebara
- Center for the Development of Functional Materials (CDMF), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cínthia Bruno de Abreu
- Center for the Development of Functional Materials (CDMF), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Giseli Swerts Rocha
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Química, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Av. Països Catalans, 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Adrislaine da Silva Mansano
- Department of Hydrobiology (DHb), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Assis
- Department of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, University Jaume I (UJI), Castelló, Spain
| | - Ailton José Moreira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, 14800-060, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Thalles Maranesi Pereira
- Chemistry Institute, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Centro, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciano Sindra Virtuoso
- Chemistry Institute, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Centro, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria da Graça Gama Melão
- Department of Hydrobiology (DHb), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Elson Longo
- Center for the Development of Functional Materials (CDMF), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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22
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The SV, Santiago JP, Pappenberger C, Hammes UZ, Tegeder M. UMAMIT44 is a key player in glutamate export from Arabidopsis chloroplasts. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1119-1139. [PMID: 38092462 PMCID: PMC10980354 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Selective partitioning of amino acids among organelles, cells, tissues, and organs is essential for cellular metabolism and plant growth. Nitrogen assimilation into glutamine and glutamate and de novo biosynthesis of most protein amino acids occur in chloroplasts; therefore, various transport mechanisms must exist to accommodate their directional efflux from the stroma to the cytosol and feed the amino acids into the extraplastidial metabolic and long-distance transport pathways. Yet, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) transporters functioning in plastidial export of amino acids remained undiscovered. Here, USUALLY MULTIPLE ACIDS MOVE IN AND OUT TRANSPORTER 44 (UMAMIT44) was identified and shown to function in glutamate export from Arabidopsis chloroplasts. UMAMIT44 controls glutamate homeostasis within and outside of chloroplasts and influences nitrogen partitioning from leaves to sinks. Glutamate imbalances in chloroplasts and leaves of umamit44 mutants impact cellular redox state, nitrogen and carbon metabolism, and amino acid (AA) and sucrose supply of growing sinks, leading to negative effects on plant growth. Nonetheless, the mutant lines adjust to some extent by upregulating alternative pathways for glutamate synthesis outside the plastids and by mitigating oxidative stress through the production of other amino acids and antioxidants. Overall, this study establishes that the role of UMAMIT44 in glutamate export from chloroplasts is vital for controlling nitrogen availability within source leaf cells and for sink nutrition, with an impact on growth and seed yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Vivia The
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - James P Santiago
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Clara Pappenberger
- Plant Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Ulrich Z Hammes
- Plant Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Mechthild Tegeder
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
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23
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Förster F, Reynaud S, Sauzéat L, Ferrier-Pagès C, Samankassou E, Sheldrake TE. Increased coral biomineralization due to enhanced symbiotic activity upon volcanic ash exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168694. [PMID: 38007126 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Coral reefs, which are among the most productive ecosystems on earth, are in global decline due to rapid climate change. Volcanic activity also results in extreme environmental changes at local to global scales, and may have significant impacts on coral reefs compared to other natural disturbances. During explosive eruptions, large amounts of volcanic ash are generated, significantly disrupting ecosystems close to a volcano, and depositing ash over distal areas (10s - 1000s of km depending on i.a. eruption size and wind direction). Once volcanic ash interacts with seawater, the dissolution of metals leads to a rapid change in the geochemical properties of the seawater column. Here, we report the first known effects of volcanic ash on the physiology and elemental cycling of a symbiotic scleractinian coral under laboratory conditions. Nubbins of the branching coral Stylophora pistillata were reared in aquaria under controlled conditions (insolation, temperature, and pH), while environmental parameters, effective quantum yield, and skeletal growth rate were monitored. Half the aquaria were exposed to volcanic ash every other day for 6 weeks (250 mg L-1 week-1), which induced significant changes in the fluorescence-derived photochemical parameters (ΦPSII, Fv/Fm, NPQ, rETR), directly enhanced the efficiency of symbiont photosynthesis (Pg, Pn), and lead to increased biomineralization rates. Enhancement of symbiont photosynthesis is induced by the supply of essential metals (Fe and Mn), derived from volcanic ash leaching in ambient seawater or within the organism following ingestion. The beneficial role of volcanic ash as an important micronutrient source is supported by the fact that neither photophysiological stress nor signs of lipid peroxidation were detected. Subaerial volcanism affects micronutrient cycling in the coral ecosystem, but the implication for coral ecophysiology on a reef scale remains to be tested. Nevertheless, exposure to volcanic ash can improve coral health and thus influence resilience to external stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Förster
- Geovolco Team, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland.
| | | | - Lucie Sauzéat
- Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, IRD, OPGC, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Institut de Génétique, Reproduction et Développement (iGReD), Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Elias Samankassou
- Sedimentology Group, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Tom E Sheldrake
- Geovolco Team, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland
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24
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Keller B, Soto J, Steier A, Portilla-Benavides AE, Raatz B, Studer B, Walter A, Muller O, Urban MO. Linking photosynthesis and yield reveals a strategy to improve light use efficiency in a climbing bean breeding population. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:901-916. [PMID: 37878015 PMCID: PMC10837016 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis drives plant physiology, biomass accumulation, and yield. Photosynthetic efficiency, specifically the operating efficiency of PSII (Fq'/Fm'), is highly responsive to actual growth conditions, especially to fluctuating photosynthetic photon fluence rate (PPFR). Under field conditions, plants constantly balance energy uptake to optimize growth. The dynamic regulation complicates the quantification of cumulative photochemical energy uptake based on the intercepted solar energy, its transduction into biomass, and the identification of efficient breeding lines. Here, we show significant effects on biomass related to genetic variation in photosynthetic efficiency of 178 climbing bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) lines. Under fluctuating conditions, the Fq'/Fm' was monitored throughout the growing period using hand-held and automated chlorophyll fluorescence phenotyping. The seasonal response of Fq'/Fm' to PPFR (ResponseG:PPFR) achieved significant correlations with biomass and yield, ranging from 0.33 to 0.35 and from 0.22 to 0.31 in two glasshouse and three field trials, respectively. Phenomic yield prediction outperformed genomic predictions for new environments in four trials under different growing conditions. Investigating genetic control over photosynthesis, one single nucleotide polymorphism (Chr09_37766289_13052) on chromosome 9 was significantly associated with ResponseG:PPFR in proximity to a candidate gene controlling chloroplast thylakoid formation. In conclusion, photosynthetic screening facilitates and accelerates selection for high yield potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beat Keller
- Crop Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonatan Soto
- Bean Program, Crops for nutrition and health, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Angelina Steier
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Bodo Raatz
- Bean Program, Crops for nutrition and health, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Bruno Studer
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Achim Walter
- Crop Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Onno Muller
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Milan O Urban
- Bean Program, Crops for nutrition and health, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
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25
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Lee H, Depuydt S, Shin K, De Saeger J, Han T, Park J. Interactive Effects of Blue Light and Water Turbulence on the Growth of the Green Macroalga Ulva australis (Chlorophyta). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:266. [PMID: 38256819 PMCID: PMC10820934 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Macroalgal growth and yield are key to sustainable aquaculture. Although light and water turbulence are two important factors that affect algal productivity, research on their interaction is limited. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of different wavelengths of light and the presence or absence of water turbulence on the growth of the green macroalga Ulva australis. Water turbulence was found to enhance the growth of U. australis irrespective of photosynthetic performance, but only in blue light cultures. The quantum dose of blue light required to induce 50% growth promotion was 1.02 mol m-2, which is comparable to the reported values for cryptochrome-mediated effects in other macroalgae. The combined effect of blue light and water turbulence led to the accumulation of photosynthesis-related proteins that support plastid differentiation and facilitate efficient photosynthesis and growth. Our findings thus highlight the potential of harnessing blue light and water turbulence to maximise macroalgal cultivation for sustainable and profitable algal aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojun Lee
- Bio Environmental Science and Technology (BEST) Lab, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunhwa-ro, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen Depuydt
- Erasmus Brussels University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Nijverheidskaai 170, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kisik Shin
- Water Environmental Engineering Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), 42, Hwangyeong-ro, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonas De Saeger
- Bio Environmental Science and Technology (BEST) Lab, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunhwa-ro, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejun Han
- Bio Environmental Science and Technology (BEST) Lab, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunhwa-ro, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653-Block F, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jihae Park
- Bio Environmental Science and Technology (BEST) Lab, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunhwa-ro, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653-Block F, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
- Center for Environmental and Energy Research, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunhwa-ro, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea
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26
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Gelsomino A, Petrovičovà B, Panuccio MR. Exhausted fire-extinguishing powders: A potential source of mineral nutrients for reuse and valorisation in compost enrichment for soilless cultivation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167633. [PMID: 37806572 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Fire-extinguishing powders (FEPs) are constituted by an inner mineral core of (NH4)H2PO4 and (NH4)2SO4 salts (>95 %, by weight) externally coated with Si-based additives, which make problematic reuse after their service life has expired (36 months). This study aimed to assess the feasibility of using the composting process as an environmentally friendly strategy to lyse the external coating and recycle this nutrient-rich solid waste for replacement of inorganic fertilization in soilless cultivation of horticultural crops. A microcosm-scale experiment with lettuce plants grown into a soil/quartz sand mixture under controlled conditions for 28 days was used to investigate plant responses (fresh and dry biomass, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, root morphology, ash and nutrients content) to amendment with increasing dosages (equivalent at 0, 10, 20 and 30 t ha-1) of an exhausted FEPs-enriched compost. Chemical properties (pH, EC, TOC, TN) and content of soluble nutrients (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NH4+, H2PO4-, SO42-, NO3-, Cl-) released into the growing substrate were also monitored. Non-amended microcosms and non-enriched compost treatments were taken as controls. Results showed, beside the expected rise of phosphate, sulphate and ammonium ions, exhausted FEPs contributed Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ content. Whereas compost determined a dose-dependent release of K+, which was particularly useful in maintaining the K/Na ratio in a range not harmful to plant physiology. It was also found that the compost enriched with 5 % (w/w) exhausted FEPs was no phytotoxic to lettuce. On the contrary, it stimulated the plant growth, increased the photosynthetic efficiency and the shoot biomass accumulation, thus incrementing the shoot/root ratio. Moreover, it oriented the root morphology development and promoted the plant uptake of both water and solutes. To sum up, composting represents a suitable alternative to chemical treatment to recover readily available nutrients contained in exhausted FEPs and produce an enriched compost for use in soilless cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gelsomino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Feo di Vito, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy.
| | - Beatrix Petrovičovà
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Feo di Vito, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Panuccio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Feo di Vito, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
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Wang F, Guo S, Liang J, Sun X. In situ phytoplankton photosynthetic characteristics and their controlling factors in the eastern Indian Ocean. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 198:115869. [PMID: 38061144 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is the most important bioenergy conversion process on Earth. Capturing instantaneous changes in in situ photosynthesis in open ocean ecosystems remains a major challenge. In this study, fast repetition rate fluorometry (FRRF), which can obtain nondestructive, real-time and in situ estimates of photosynthetic parameters, was used for the first time to continuously observe the spatial variation in in situ photosynthetic parameters in the eastern Indian Ocean (EIO). We further formulated new insights regarding abiotic and biotic factors of potential importance in determining photosynthetic performance. First, we found that the distributions of micro/nano- and picophytoplankton were opposite under the control of nutrient concentrations. Micro/nanophytoplankton had higher cell abundances in the nearshore and upwelling regions, while picophytoplankton had higher abundances in the open ocean, and Prochlorococcus was the dominant group. Second, based on the FRRF technology, we obtained the high-precision and high-density vertical profile map of photosynthetic parameters in the euphotic layer. It was observed that values of the maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm; 0.14-0.55, unitless) and the functional absorption cross-section of PSII (σPSII; 1.71-4.90 nm2 RCII-1) increased with increasing depth, while high values of the photosynthetic electron transfer rates (ETRRCII; 0.0019-17.0292 mol e- mol RCII-1 s-1) and the nonphotochemical quenching (NPQNSV; 0.35-7.26, unitless) occurred in the shallow 50 m layer, and the values decreased as the depth increased. Finally, we discussed limiting factors that regulated the distribution of photosynthetic parameters and concluded that optical properties varied significantly with changes in the ocean physico-chemical parameters and taxonomic composition of phytoplankton assemblages in the EIO. Picophytoplankton (especially cyanobacteria), rather than the micro/nanophytoplankton community, was the dominant factor influencing photosynthesis. Among abiotic factors, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was the proximal limiting factor affecting photosynthetic efficiency, followed by temperature and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). Consequently, phytoplankton photosynthetic parameters exhibited great variability, allowing rapid responses to environmental condition changes. In this study, we established the basis for detecting future changes in primary production in this oligotrophic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Jiaozhou Bay National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shujin Guo
- Jiaozhou Bay National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Junhua Liang
- Jiaozhou Bay National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoxia Sun
- Jiaozhou Bay National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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28
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Russo A, Winkler JB, Ghirardo A, Monti MM, Pollastri S, Ruocco M, Schnitzler JP, Loreto F. Interaction with the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana influences tomato phenome and promotes resistance to Botrytis cinerea infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1309747. [PMID: 38173923 PMCID: PMC10762804 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1309747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Plants are central to complex networks of multitrophic interactions. Increasing evidence suggests that beneficial microorganisms (BMs) may be used as plant biostimulants and pest biocontrol agents. We investigated whether tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants are thoroughly colonized by the endophytic and entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, and how such colonization affects physiological parameters and the phenotype of plants grown under unstressed conditions or exposed to the pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. As a positive control, a strain of the well-known biocontrol agent and growth inducer Trichoderma afroharzianum was used. As multitrophic interactions are often driven by (or have consequences on) volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by plants constitutively or after induction by abiotic or biotic stresses, VOC emissions were also studied. Both B. bassiana and T. afroharzianum induced a significant but transient (one to two-day-long) reduction of stomatal conductance, which may indicate rapid activation of defensive (rejection) responses, but also limited photosynthesis. At later stages, our results demonstrated a successful and complete plant colonization by B. bassiana, which induced higher photosynthesis and lower respiration rates, improved growth of roots, stems, leaves, earlier flowering, higher number of fruits and yield in tomato plants. Beauveria bassiana also helped tomato plants fight B. cinerea, whose symptoms in leaves were almost entirely relieved with respect to control plants. Less VOCs were emitted when plants were colonized by B. bassiana or infected by B. cinerea, alone or in combination, suggesting no activation of VOC-dependent defensive mechanisms in response to both fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Russo
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Portici, Italy
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Portici, Italy
| | - Jana Barbro Winkler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Ghirardo
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maurilia M. Monti
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Portici, Italy
| | - Susanna Pollastri
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Portici, Italy
| | - Michelina Ruocco
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Portici, Italy
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Francesco Loreto
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Portici, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Chang CY, Unda F, Mansfield SD, Ensminger I. Rapid response of nonstructural carbohydrate allocation and photosynthesis to short photoperiod, low temperature, or elevated CO 2 in Pinus strobus. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14095. [PMID: 38148184 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
During autumn, decreasing photoperiod and temperature temporarily perturb the balance between carbon uptake and carbon demand in overwintering plants, requiring coordinated adjustments in photosynthesis and carbon allocation to re-establish homeostasis. Here we examined adjustments of photosynthesis and allocation of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) following a sudden shift to short photoperiod, low temperature, and/or elevated CO2 in Pinus strobus seedlings. Seedlings were initially acclimated to 14 h photoperiod (22/15°C day/night) and ambient CO2 (400 ppm) or elevated CO2 (800 ppm). Seedlings were then shifted to 8 h photoperiod for one of three treatments: no temperature change at ambient CO2 (22/15°C, 400 ppm), low temperature at ambient CO2 (12/5°C, 400 ppm), or no temperature change at elevated CO2 (22/15°C, 800 ppm). Short photoperiod caused all seedlings to exhibit partial nighttime depletion of starch. Short photoperiod alone did not affect photosynthesis. Short photoperiod combined with low temperature caused hexose accumulation and repression of photosynthesis within 24 h, followed by a transient increase in nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ). Under long photoperiod, plants grown under elevated CO2 exhibited significantly higher NSCs and photosynthesis compared to ambient CO2 plants, but carbon uptake exceeded sink capacity, leading to elevated NPQ; carbon sink capacity was restored and NPQ relaxed within 24 h after shift to short photoperiod. Our findings indicate that P. strobus rapidly adjusts NSC allocation, not photosynthesis, to accommodate short photoperiod. However, the combination of short photoperiod and low temperature, or long photoperiod and elevated CO2 disrupts the balance between photosynthesis and carbon sink capacity, resulting in increased NPQ to alleviate excess energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Y Chang
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
- Graduate Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Faride Unda
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ingo Ensminger
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
- Graduate Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Graduate Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Du J, Izquierdo D, Xu HF, Beisner B, Lavaud J, Ohlund L, Sleno L, Juneau P. Responses to herbicides of Arctic and temperate microalgae grown under different light intensities. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 333:121985. [PMID: 37301455 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In aquatic ecosystems, microalgae are exposed to light fluctuations at different frequencies due to daily and seasonal changes. Although concentrations of herbicides are lower in Arctic than in temperate regions, atrazine and simazine, are increasingly found in northern aquatic systems because of long-distance aerial dispersal of widespread applications in the south and antifouling biocides used on ships. The toxic effects of atrazine on temperate microalgae are well documented, but very little is known about their effects on Arctic marine microalgae in relation to their temperate counterparts after light adaptation to variable light intensities. We therefore investigated the impacts of atrazine and simazine on photosynthetic activity, PSII energy fluxes, pigment content, photoprotective ability (NPQ), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content under three light intensities. The goal was to better understand differences in physiological responses to light fluctuations between Arctic and temperate microalgae and to determine how these different characteristics affect their responses to herbicides. The Arctic diatom Chaetoceros showed stronger light adaptation capacity than the Arctic green algae Micromonas. Atrazine and simazine inhibited the growth and photosynthetic electron transport, affected the pigment content, and disturbed the energy balance between light absorption and utilization. As a result, during high light adaptation and in the presence of herbicides, photoprotective pigments were synthesized and NPQ was highly activated. Nevertheless, these protective responses were insufficient to prevent oxidative damage caused by herbicides in both species from both regions, but at different extent depending on the species. Our study demonstrates that light is important in regulating herbicide toxicity in both Arctic and temperate microalgal strains. Moreover, eco-physiological differences in light responses are likely to support changes in the algal community, especially as the Arctic ocean becomes more polluted and bright with continued human impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal-GRIL-TOXEN, Succ Centre-Ville, Montréal, Canada
| | - Disney Izquierdo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal-GRIL-EcotoQ-TOXEN, Succ Centre-Ville, Montréal, Canada
| | - Hai-Feng Xu
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Beatrix Beisner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie (GRIL), Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada
| | - Johann Lavaud
- TAKUVIK International Research Laboratory IRL3376, Université Laval (Canada) - CNRS (France), Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, 1045 Av. de la Médecine, Local 2064, G1V 0A6, Québec, Canada; LEMAR-Laboratory of Environmental Marine Sciences, UMR6539, CNRS/Univ Brest/Ifremer/IRD, Institut Universitaire Européen de La Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Leanne Ohlund
- Chemistry Department, Université du Québec à Montréal-EcotoQ-TOXEN, Succ Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Lekha Sleno
- Chemistry Department, Université du Québec à Montréal-EcotoQ-TOXEN, Succ Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Philippe Juneau
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal-GRIL-EcotoQ-TOXEN, Succ Centre-Ville, Montréal, Canada.
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Saeid Nia M, Scholz L, Garibay-Hernández A, Mock HP, Repnik U, Selinski J, Krupinska K, Bilger W. How do barley plants with impaired photosynthetic light acclimation survive under high-light stress? PLANTA 2023; 258:71. [PMID: 37632541 PMCID: PMC10460368 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION WHIRLY1 deficient barley plants surviving growth at high irradiance displayed increased non-radiative energy dissipation, enhanced contents of zeaxanthin and the flavonoid lutonarin, but no changes in α-tocopherol nor glutathione. Plants are able to acclimate to environmental conditions to optimize their functions. With the exception of obligate shade plants, they can adjust their photosynthetic apparatus and the morphology and anatomy of their leaves to irradiance. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Golden Promise) plants with reduced abundance of the protein WHIRLY1 were recently shown to be unable to acclimatise important components of the photosynthetic apparatus to high light. Nevertheless, these plants did not show symptoms of photoinhibition. High-light (HL) grown WHIRLY1 knockdown plants showed clear signs of exposure to excessive irradiance such as a low epoxidation state of the violaxanthin cycle pigments and an early light saturation of electron transport. These responses were underlined by a very large xanthophyll cycle pool size and by an increased number of plastoglobules. Whereas zeaxanthin increased with HL stress, α-tocopherol, which is another lipophilic antioxidant, showed no response to excessive light. Also the content of the hydrophilic antioxidant glutathione showed no increase in W1 plants as compared to the wild type, whereas the flavone lutonarin was induced in W1 plants. HPLC analysis of removed epidermal tissue indicated that the largest part of lutonarin was presumably located in the mesophyll. Since lutonarin is a better antioxidant than saponarin, the major flavone present in barley leaves, it is concluded that lutonarin accumulated as a response to oxidative stress. It is also concluded that zeaxanthin and lutonarin may have served as antioxidants in the WHIRLY1 knockdown plants, contributing to their survival in HL despite their restricted HL acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louis Scholz
- Institute of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Adriana Garibay-Hernández
- Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
- Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, TU Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 23, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Mock
- Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Urska Repnik
- Central Microscopy, Department of Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Karin Krupinska
- Institute of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bilger
- Institute of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.
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Nguyen AT, Tran LH, Jung S. Salt Stress-Induced Modulation of Porphyrin Biosynthesis, Photoprotection, and Antioxidant Properties in Rice Plants ( Oryza sativa). Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1618. [PMID: 37627613 PMCID: PMC10451626 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt stress disrupts cellular ion homeostasis and adversely impacts plant growth and productivity. We examined the regulatory mechanisms of porphyrin biosynthesis, photoprotection, and antioxidant properties in salt-stressed rice seedlings. In response to 150 mM NaCl, the rice seedlings exhibited dehydration, reduced relative water content, and increased levels of conductivity, malondialdehyde, and H2O2. The expression levels of the salt-stress-responsive genes NHX1, SOS1, and MYB drastically increased after NaCl treatment. The seedlings grown under NaCl stress displayed declines in Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, rETRmax, and photochemical quenching but increases in nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) and the expression of genes involved in zeaxanthin formation, BCH, and VDE. Under salt stress conditions, levels of chlorophyll precursors significantly decreased compared to controls, matching the downregulation of CHLD, CHLH, CHLI, and PORB. By contrast, NaCl treatment led to increased heme content at 24 h of treatment and significant upregulations of FC2, HO1, and HO2 compared to controls. Salt-stressed seedlings also increased their expression of CATs (catalases) and APXs (ascorbate peroxidases) as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase, CAT, APX, and peroxidase. Our results indicate that chlorophyll and heme biosynthesis involve the protective strategies for salt stress alleviation through photoprotection by the scavenging of chlorophyll precursors and NPQ as well as activating antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Trung Nguyen
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Lien Hong Tran
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyo Jung
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Farooq N, Khan MO, Ahmed MZ, Fatima S, Nawaz MA, Abideen Z, Nielsen BL, Ahmad N. Salt-Induced Modulation of Ion Transport and PSII Photoprotection Determine the Salinity Tolerance of Amphidiploid Brassicas. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2590. [PMID: 37514204 PMCID: PMC10386101 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Brassica species show varying levels of resistance to salt stress. To understand the genetics underlying these differential stress tolerance patterns in Brassicas, we exposed two widely cultivated amphidiploid Brassica species having different genomes, Brassica juncea (AABB, n = 18) and Brassica napus (AACC, n = 19), to elevated levels of NaCl concentration (300 mM, half the salinity of seawater). B. juncea produced more biomass, an increased chlorophyll content, and fewer accumulated sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions in its photosynthesizing tissues. Chlorophyll fluorescence assays revealed that the reaction centers of PSII of B. juncea were more photoprotected and hence more active than those of B. napus under NaCl stress, which, in turn, resulted in a better PSII quantum efficiency, better utilization of photochemical energy with significantly reduced energy loss, and higher electron transport rates, even under stressful conditions. The expression of key genes responsible for salt tolerance (NHX1 and AVP1, which are nuclear-encoded) and photosynthesis (psbA, psaA, petB, and rbcL, which are chloroplast-encoded) were monitored for their genetic differences underlying stress tolerance. Under NaCl stress, the expression of NHX1, D1, and Rubisco increased several folds in B. juncea plants compared to B. napus, highlighting differences in genetics between these two Brassicas. The higher photosynthetic potential under stress suggests that B. juncea is a promising candidate for genetic modifications and its cultivation on marginal lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisma Farooq
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (N.F.); (M.O.K.); (S.F.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Muhammad Omar Khan
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (N.F.); (M.O.K.); (S.F.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Muhammad Zaheer Ahmed
- Dr Muhammad Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (M.Z.A.); (Z.A.)
| | - Samia Fatima
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (N.F.); (M.O.K.); (S.F.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Muhammad Asif Nawaz
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (N.F.); (M.O.K.); (S.F.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Zainul Abideen
- Dr Muhammad Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (M.Z.A.); (Z.A.)
| | - Brent L. Nielsen
- Microbiology & Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Niaz Ahmad
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (N.F.); (M.O.K.); (S.F.); (M.A.N.)
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Wong CYS. Plant optics: underlying mechanisms in remotely sensed signals for phenotyping applications. AOB PLANTS 2023; 15:plad039. [PMID: 37560760 PMCID: PMC10407989 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Optical-based remote sensing offers great potential for phenotyping vegetation traits and functions for a range of applications including vegetation monitoring and assessment. A key strength of optical-based approaches is the underlying mechanistic link to vegetation physiology, biochemistry, and structure that influences a spectral signal. By exploiting spectral variation driven by plant physiological response to environment, remotely sensed products can be used to estimate vegetation traits and functions. However, oftentimes these products are proxies based on covariance, which can lead to misinterpretation and decoupling under certain scenarios. This viewpoint will discuss (i) the optical properties of vegetation, (ii) applications of vegetation indices, solar-induced fluorescence, and machine-learning approaches, and (iii) how covariance can lead to good empirical proximation of plant traits and functions. Understanding and acknowledging the underlying mechanistic basis of plant optics must be considered as remotely sensed data availability and applications continue to grow. Doing so will enable appropriate application and consideration of limitations for the use of optical-based remote sensing for phenotyping applications.
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Ermakova M, Woodford R, Taylor Z, Furbank RT, Belide S, von Caemmerer S. Faster induction of photosynthesis increases biomass and grain yield in glasshouse-grown transgenic Sorghum bicolor overexpressing Rieske FeS. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:1206-1216. [PMID: 36789455 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum is one of the most important crops providing food and feed in many of the world's harsher environments. Sorghum utilizes the C4 pathway of photosynthesis in which a biochemical carbon-concentrating mechanism results in high CO2 assimilation rates. Overexpressing the Rieske FeS subunit of the Cytochrome b6 f complex was previously shown to increase the rate of photosynthetic electron transport and stimulate CO2 assimilation in the model C4 plant Setaria viridis. To test whether productivity of C4 crops could be improved by Rieske overexpression, we created transgenic Sorghum bicolor Tx430 plants with increased Rieske content. The transgenic plants showed no marked changes in abundances of other photosynthetic proteins or chlorophyll content. The steady-state rates of electron transport and CO2 assimilation did not differ between the plants with increased Rieske abundance and control plants, suggesting that Cytochrome b6 f is not the only factor limiting electron transport in sorghum at high light and high CO2 . However, faster responses of non-photochemical quenching as well as an elevated quantum yield of Photosystem II and an increased CO2 assimilation rate were observed from the plants overexpressing Rieske during the photosynthetic induction, a process of activation of photosynthesis upon the dark-light transition. As a consequence, sorghum with increased Rieske content produced more biomass and grain when grown in glasshouse conditions. Our results indicate that increasing Rieske content has potential to boost productivity of sorghum and other C4 crops by improving the efficiency of light utilization and conversion to biomass through the faster induction of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ermakova
- Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Russell Woodford
- Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Zachary Taylor
- Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Robert T Furbank
- Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Susanne von Caemmerer
- Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
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Han S, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Wang W, Pei D. Chrysanthemum morifolium β-carotene hydroxylase overexpression promotes Arabidopsis thaliana tolerance to high light stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 284:153962. [PMID: 36940578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.153962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The β-carotene hydroxylase gene (BCH) regulates zeaxanthin production in response to high light levels ro protect Chrysanthemum morifolium plants against light-induced damage. In this study, the Chrysanthemum morifolium CmBCH1 and CmBCH2 genes were cloned and their functional importance was assessed by overexpressing them in Arabidopsis thaliana. These transgenic plants were evaluated for gene-related changes in phenotypic characteristics, photosynthetic activity, fluorescence properties, carotenoid biosynthesis, aboveground/belowground biomass, pigment content, and the expression of light-regulated genes under conditions of high light stress relative to wild-type (WT) plants. When exposed to high light stress, WT A. thaliana leaves turned yellow and the overall biomass was reduced compared to that of the transgenic plants. WT plants exposed to high light stress also exhibited significant reductions in the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, Fv/Fm, qP, and ETR, whereas these changes were not observed in the transgenic CmBCH1 and CmBCH2 plants. Lutein and zaxanthin levels were significantly increased in the transgenic CmBCH1 and CmBCH2 lines, with progressive induction with prolonged light exposure, whereas no significant changes were observed in light-exposed WT plants. The transgenic plants also expressed higher levels of most carotenoid biosynthesis pathway genes, including phytoene synthase (AtPSY), phytoene desaturase (AtPDS), lycopene-β-cyclase (AtLYCB), and ζ-carotene desaturase (AtZDS). The elongated hypocotyl 5 (HY5) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) genes were significantly induced following exposure to high light conditions for 12h, whereas phytochrome-interacting factor 7 (PIF7) was significantly downregulated in these plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Han
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan, 476000, China
| | - Yunjing Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan, 476000, China
| | - Qingchen Zhang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan, 476000, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan, 476000, China
| | - Dongli Pei
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan, 476000, China.
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Wang Q, Chen P, Wang H, Chao S, Guo W, Zhang Y, Miao C, Yuan H, Peng B. Physiological and transcriptomic analysis of OsLHCB3 knockdown lines in rice. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2023; 43:38. [PMID: 37312752 PMCID: PMC10248686 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-023-01387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The photosystem II (PSII) outer antenna LHCB3 protein plays critical roles in distributing the excitation energy and modulating the rate of state transition for photosynthesis. Here, OsLHCB3 knockdown mutants were produced using the RNAi system. Phenotypic analyses showed that OsLHCB3 knockdown led to pale green leaves and lower chlorophyll contents at both tillering and heading stages. In addition, mutant lines exhibited decreased non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) capacity and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) by downregulating the expression of PSII-related genes. Moreover, RNA-seq experiments were performed at both tillering and heading stages. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) mainly involved in chlorophyll binding response to abscisic acid, photosystem II, response to chitin, and DNA-binding transcription factor. Besides, our transcriptomic and physiological data indicated that OsLHCB3 was essential for binding chlorophyll, but not for the metabolism of chlorophyll in rice. OsLHCB3 RNAi knockdown plants affected the expression of PS II-related genes, but not PS I-related genes. Overall, these results suggest that OsLHCB3 also plays vital roles in regulating photosynthesis and antenna proteins in rice as well as responses to environment stresses. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-023-01387-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxiu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Pingli Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, The Rice Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Honglin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Shuangshuang Chao
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Wenru Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Yuxue Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Chenglin Miao
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Hongyu Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Bo Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
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Habuš Jerčić I, Bošnjak Mihovilović A, Matković Stanković A, Lazarević B, Goreta Ban S, Ban D, Major N, Tomaz I, Banjavčić Z, Kereša S. Garlic Ecotypes Utilise Different Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms to Cope with Drought Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091824. [PMID: 37176881 PMCID: PMC10180593 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought negatively affects plants by altering morphological, physiological and metabolic processes and ultimately reducing yields. Garlic (Allium sativum L.), an important member of the Alliaceae family, is also sensitive to drought and maximizing the yield of garlic bulbs is largely dependent on water availability. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of drought stress on morphological and physiological characteristics, as well as on phenolic, sugar, inulin and free amino acid content and antioxidant activity in two Croatian garlic ecotypes, 'Istarski crveni' (IC) and Istarski bijeli (IB). Drought was induced by using polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG) solution (-0.6 MPa) starting 21 days after clove planting and lasted for 20 days. Drought reduced plant height, number of leaves and plant weight, but increased root length in both ecotypes compared to the control treatment. Among the physiological parameters, significant differences were observed between the two ecotypes studied in the spectral characteristics of the leaves, namely reflection in red, green and blue, VAL, values of the vegetation indices related to the chlorophyll content (CHI, GI), and the anthocyanin content (ARI). Ecotype IC showed higher antioxidant activity in the control treatment due to higher total phenolic content (TPC), but under drought conditions higher DPPH radical scavenging activity was determined in ecotype IB and higher values of FRAP in IC. Sucrose and glucose generally decreased under drought, while inulin increased in IB but decreased in IC. Total free amino acid content increased under drought in both ecotypes. In conclusion, drought tolerance of IB might be associated with increased accumulation of inulin and higher levels of amino acids, especially those shown to contribute to drought resistance. In IC, drought tolerance is associated with an increase in some amino acid compounds and better root growth in depth, probably due to a more efficient translocation of sucrose to the underground part of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanka Habuš Jerčić
- Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biometrics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Bošnjak Mihovilović
- Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biometrics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Matković Stanković
- Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biometrics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Boris Lazarević
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Smiljana Goreta Ban
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Dean Ban
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Nikola Major
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Tomaz
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Banjavčić
- Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biometrics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snježana Kereša
- Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biometrics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Barbafieri M, Bretzel F, Scartazza A, Di Baccio D, Rosellini I, Grifoni M, Pini R, Clementi A, Franchi E. Response to Hypersalinity of Four Halophytes Growing in Hydroponic Floating Systems: Prospects in the Phytomanagement of High Saline Wastewaters and Extreme Environments. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1737. [PMID: 37176795 PMCID: PMC10181242 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Hypersaline environments occur naturally worldwide in arid and semiarid regions or in artificial areas where the discharge of highly saline wastewaters, such as produced water (PW) from oil and gas industrial setups, has concentrated salt (NaCl). Halophytes can tolerate high NaCl concentrations by adopting ion extrusion and inclusion mechanisms at cell, tissue, and organ levels; however, there is still much that is not clear in the response of these plants to salinity and completely unknown issues in hypersaline conditions. Mechanisms of tolerance to saline and hypersaline conditions of four different halophytes (Suaeda fruticosa (L.) Forssk, Halocnemum strobilaceum (Pall.) M. Bieb., Juncus maritimus Lam. and Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel) were assessed by analysing growth, chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic pigment parameters, nutrients, and sodium (Na) uptake and distribution in different organs. Plants were exposed to high saline (257 mM or 15 g L-1 NaCl) and extremely high or hypersaline (514, 856, and 1712 mM or 30, 50, and 100 g L-1 NaCl) salt concentrations in a hydroponic floating culture system for 28 days. The two dicotyledonous S. fruticosa and H. strobilaceum resulted in greater tolerance to hypersaline concentrations than the two monocotyledonous species J. maritimus and P. australis. Plant biomass and major cation (K, Ca, and Mg) distributions among above- and below-ground organs evidenced the osmoprotectant roles of K in the leaves of S. fruticosa, and of Ca and Mg in the leaves and stem of H. strobilaceum. In J. maritimus and P. australis the rhizome modulated the reduced uptake and translocation of nutrients and Na to shoot with increasing salinity levels. S. fruticosa and H. strobilaceum absorbed and accumulated elevated Na amounts in the aerial parts at all the NaCl doses tested, with high bioaccumulation (from 0.5 to 8.3) and translocation (1.7-16.2) factors. In the two monocotyledons, Na increased in the root and rhizome with the increasing concentration of external NaCl, dramatically reducing the growth in J. maritimus at both 50 and 100 g L-1 NaCl and compromising the survival of P. australis at 30 g L-1 NaCl and over after two weeks of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meri Barbafieri
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (I.R.); (M.G.); (R.P.)
| | - Francesca Bretzel
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (I.R.); (M.G.); (R.P.)
| | - Andrea Scartazza
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (I.R.); (M.G.); (R.P.)
| | - Daniela Di Baccio
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (I.R.); (M.G.); (R.P.)
| | - Irene Rosellini
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (I.R.); (M.G.); (R.P.)
| | - Martina Grifoni
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (I.R.); (M.G.); (R.P.)
| | - Roberto Pini
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (I.R.); (M.G.); (R.P.)
| | - Alice Clementi
- Eni S.p.A., Subsurface and Wells R&D Projects, Via Maritano 26, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Franchi
- Eni S.p.A., R&D Environmental &Biological Laboratories, Via Maritano 26, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
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Javornik T, Carović-Stanko K, Gunjača J, Vidak M, Lazarević B. Monitoring Drought Stress in Common Bean Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Multispectral Imaging. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1386. [PMID: 36987074 PMCID: PMC10059887 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a significant constraint in bean production. In this study, we used high-throughput phenotyping methods (chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, multispectral imaging, 3D multispectral scanning) to monitor the development of drought-induced morphological and physiological symptoms at an early stage of development of the common bean. This study aimed to select the plant phenotypic traits which were most sensitive to drought. Plants were grown in an irrigated control (C) and under three drought treatments: D70, D50, and D30 (irrigated with 70, 50, and 30 mL distilled water, respectively). Measurements were performed on five consecutive days, starting on the first day after the onset of treatments (1 DAT-5 DAT), with an additional measurement taken on the eighth day (8 DAT) after the onset of treatments. Earliest detected changes were found at 3 DAT when compared to the control. D30 caused a decrease in leaf area index (of 40%), total leaf area (28%), reflectance in specific green (13%), saturation (9%), and green leaf index (9%), and an increase in the anthocyanin index (23%) and reflectance in blue (7%). The selected phenotypic traits could be used to monitor drought stress and to screen for tolerant genotypes in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Javornik
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Klaudija Carović-Stanko
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jerko Gunjača
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biometrics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Monika Vidak
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Boris Lazarević
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Novel Insights into the Contribution of Cyclic Electron Flow to Cotton Bracts in Response to High Light. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065589. [PMID: 36982664 PMCID: PMC10054306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic electron flow around photosystem I (CEF-PSI) is shown to be an important protective mechanism to photosynthesis in cotton leaves. However, it is still unclear how CEF-PSI is regulated in non-foliar green photosynthetic tissues such as bracts. In order to learn more about the regulatory function of photoprotection in bracts, we investigated the CEF-PSI attributes in Yunnan 1 cotton genotypes (Gossypium bar-badense L.) between leaves and bracts. Our findings demonstrated that cotton bracts possessed PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION5 (PGR5)-mediated and the choroplastic NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH)-mediated CEF-PSI by the same mechanism as leaves, albeit at a lower rate than in leaves. The ATP synthase activity of bracts was also lower, while the proton gradient across thylakoid membrane (ΔpH), rate of synthesis of zeaxanthin, and heat dissipation were higher than those of the leaves. These results imply that cotton leaves under high light conditions primarily depend on CEF to activate ATP synthase and optimize ATP/NADPH. In contrast, bracts mainly protect photosynthesis by establishing a ΔpH through CEF to stimulate the heat dissipation process.
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Tran LH, Kim JG, Jung S. Expression of the Arabidopsis Mg-chelatase H subunit alleviates iron deficiency-induced stress in transgenic rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1098808. [PMID: 36938029 PMCID: PMC10017980 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1098808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The most common symptom of iron (Fe) deficiency in plants is leaf chlorosis caused by impairment of chlorophyll biosynthesis. Magnesium (Mg)-chelatase H subunit (CHLH) is a key component in both chlorophyll biosynthesis and plastid signaling, but its role in Fe deficiency is poorly understood. Heterologous expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana Mg-chelatase H subunit gene (AtCHLH) increased Mg-chelatase activity by up to 6-fold and abundance of its product, Mg-protoporphyrin IX (Mg-Proto IX), by 60-75% in transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings compared to wild-type (WT) controls. Noticeably, the transgenic seedlings showed alleviation of Fe deficiency symptoms, as evidenced by their less pronounced leaf chlorosis and lower declines in shoot growth, chlorophyll contents, and photosynthetic efficiency, as indicated by F v/F m and electron transport rate, compared to those in WT seedlings under Fe deficiency. Porphyrin metabolism was differentially regulated by Fe deficiency between WT and transgenic seedlings, particularly with a higher level of Mg-Proto IX in transgenic lines, showing that overexpression of AtCHLH reprograms porphyrin metabolism in transgenic rice. Leaves of Fe-deficient transgenic seedlings exhibited greater upregulation of deoxymugineic acid biosynthesis-related genes (i.e., NAS, NAS2, and NAAT1), YSL2 transporter gene, and Fe-related transcription factor genes IRO2 and IDEF2 than those of WT, which may also partly contribute to alleviating Fe deficiency. Although AtCHLH was postulated to act as a receptor for abscisic acid (ABA), exogenous ABA did not alter the phenotypes of Fe-deficient WT or transgenic seedlings. Our study demonstrates that modulation of porphyrin biosynthesis through expression of AtCHLH in transgenic rice alleviates Fe deficiency-induced stress, suggesting a possible role for CHLH in Fe deficiency responses.
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Colpo A, Demaria S, Baldisserotto C, Pancaldi S, Brestič M, Živčak M, Ferroni L. Long-Term Alleviation of the Functional Phenotype in Chlorophyll-Deficient Wheat and Impact on Productivity: A Semi-Field Phenotyping Experiment. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:822. [PMID: 36840171 PMCID: PMC9964019 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Wheat mutants with a reduced chlorophyll synthesis are affected by a defective control of the photosynthetic electron flow, but tend to recover a wild-type phenotype. The sensitivity of some mutants to light fluctuations suggested that cultivation outdoors could significantly impact productivity. Six mutant lines of Triticum durum or Triticum aestivum with their respective wild-type cultivars were cultivated with a regular seasonal cycle (October-May) in a semi-field experiment. Leaf chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters were analysed at the early (November) and late (May) developmental stages, and checked for correlation with morphometric and grain-production parameters. The alleviation of the phenotype severity concerned primarily the recovery of the photosynthetic-membrane functionality, but not the leaf chlorophyll content. Photosystem II (PSII) was less photoprotected in the mutants, but a moderate PSII photoinhibition could help control the electron flow into the chain. The accumulation of interchain electron carriers was a primary acclimative response towards the naturally fluctuating environment, maximally exploited by the mature durum-wheat mutants. The mutation itself and/or the energy-consuming compensatory mechanisms markedly influenced the plant morphogenesis, leading especially to reduced tillering, which in turn resulted in lower grain production per plant. Consistently with the interrelation between early photosynthetic phenotype and grain-yield per plant, chlorophyll-fluorescence indexes related to the level of photoprotective thermal dissipation (pNPQ), photosystem II antenna size (ABS/RC), and pool of electron carriers (Sm) are proposed as good candidates for the in-field phenotyping of chlorophyll-deficient wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Colpo
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Sara Demaria
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Costanza Baldisserotto
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simonetta Pancaldi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marian Brestič
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Marek Živčak
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Lorenzo Ferroni
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Xiao B, Hu Y, Feng X, Sui Z. Breeding of New Strains of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis with High Agar Content by ARTP Mutagenesis and High Osmotic Pressure Screening. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 25:100-108. [PMID: 36462091 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ARTP (atmospheric and room temperature plasma mutagenesis) mutagenesis was tried on G. lemaneiformis, and mutagenesis conditions were confirmed. An osmotic pressure screening program was established. Mutants were identified and characterized of relevant physiological traits. The aim of the study is to try to use ARTP mutagenesis and osmotic pressure screening for the breeding of high-agar G. lemaneiformis. Treatment time of 46 s was found to be an optimal mutagenesis time. The mutagenized spores were initially screened with 58‰ salinity artificial seawater, and then, the surviving spores were screened twice with 60‰ salinity artificial seawater in their vertical growth phase and branch growth phase, respectively. Four fast-growing and hypertonic resistance gametophytes were selected. The actual photosynthetic efficiency [Y(PSII)], photochemical quenching (qL), and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of four mutants were measured. The values of Y(PSII) and qL of HAGL-X3 and HAGL-X5 were higher than those of the control in the early stage of salt stress. NPQs of HAGL-X3 and HAGL-X5 were higher than control in most of the times. The growth rates of the four mutants were higher than that of the control. HAGL-X4 was the highest. The agar content was measured; HAGL-X5 displayed the highest agar content among the tested strains. HAGL-X5 was more in line with expectations, because of its high agar content and good hypertonic resistance. In this study, the mutant of G. lemaneiformis with high agar content was obtained by the procedure, which provided a certain reference for the selection of G. lemaneiformis strains with high agar content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding ( Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 266003, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding ( Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 266003, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding ( Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 266003, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghong Sui
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding ( Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 266003, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
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Li W, Wang T, Campbell DA, Gao K. Light history modulates growth and photosynthetic responses of a diatom to ocean acidification and UV radiation. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 5:116-125. [PMID: 37073326 PMCID: PMC10077217 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-022-00138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To examine the synergetic effects of ocean acidification (OA) and light intensity on the photosynthetic performance of marine diatoms, the marine centric diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii was cultured under ambient low CO2 (LC, 390 μatm) and elevated high CO2 (HC, 1000 μatm) levels under low-light (LL, 60 μmol m-2 s-1) or high-light (HL, 220 μmol m-2 s-1) conditions for over 20 generations. HL stimulated the growth rate by 128 and 99% but decreased cell size by 9 and 7% under LC and HC conditions, respectively. However, HC did not change the growth rate under LL but decreased it by 9% under HL. LL combined with HC decreased both maximum quantum yield (F V/F M) and effective quantum yield (Φ PSII), measured under either low or high actinic light. When exposed to UV radiation (UVR), LL-grown cells were more prone to UVA exposure, with higher UVA and UVR inducing inhibition of Φ PSII compared with HL-grown cells. Light use efficiency (α) and maximum relative electron transport rate (rETRmax) were inhibited more in the HC-grown cells when UVR (UVA and UVB) was present, particularly under LL. Our results indicate that the growth light history influences the cell growth and photosynthetic responses to OA and UVR. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-022-00138-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Huangshan University, Huangshan, 245041 China
| | - Tifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 China
| | | | - Kunshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 China
- Co-innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005 China
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Chai X, Zheng L, Liu J, Zhan J, Song L. Comparison of photosynthetic responses between haptophyte Phaeocystis globosa and diatom Skeletonema costatum under phosphorus limitation. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1085176. [PMID: 36756351 PMCID: PMC9899818 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1085176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The diatom Skeletonema costatum and the haptophyte Phaeocystis globosa often form blooms in the coastal waters of the South China Sea. Skeletonema costatum commonly dominates in nutrient enrichment coastal waters, whereas P. globosa starts flourishing after the diatom blooms when phosphorus (P) is limited. Therefore, P limitation was proposed to be a critical factor affecting diatom-haptophyte transition. To elucidate the tolerance to P limitation in P. globosa compared with S. costatum, the effect of P limitation on their photosystem II (PSII) performance was investigated and their photosynthesis acclimation strategies in response to P limitation were evaluated. P limitation did not affect the growth of P. globosa over 7 days but decreased it for S. costatum. Correspondingly, the PSII activity of S. costatum was significantly inhibited by P limitation. The decline in PSII activity in S. costatum under P limitation was associated with the impairment of the oxygen-evolving complex (the donor side of PSII), the hindrance of electron transport from QA - to QB (the acceptor side of PSII), and the inhibition of electron transport to photosystem I (PSI). The 100% decrease in D1 protein level of S. costatum after P limitation for 6 days and PsbO protein level after 2 days of P limitation were attributed to its enhanced photoinhibition. In contrast, P. globosa maintained its photosynthetic activity with minor impairment of the function of PSII. With accelerated PSII repair and highly increased non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), P. globosa can avoid serious PSII damage under P limitation. On the contrary, S. costatum decreased its D1 restoration under P limitation, and the maximum NPQ value in S. costatum was only one-sixth of that in P. globosa. The present work provides extensive evidence that a close interaction exists between the tolerance to P limitation and photosynthetic responses of S. costatum and P. globosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China,College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiao Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Jiao Zhan, ✉
| | - Lirong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Fusco GM, Carillo P, Nicastro R, Modarelli GC, Arena C, De Pascale S, Paradiso R. Vernalization Procedure of Tuberous Roots Affects Growth, Photosynthesis and Metabolic Profile of Ranunculus asiaticus L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:425. [PMID: 36771508 PMCID: PMC9920070 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In Ranunculus asiaticus L., vernalization of propagation material is a common practice for the production scheduling of cut flowers, however little is known about the plant physiology and metabolism of this species as affected by cold treatments. We investigated the influence of two hybrids, MBO and MDR, and three preparation procedures of tuberous roots, only rehydration (control, C), and rehydration plus vernalization at 3.5 °C for 2 weeks (V2) and for 4 weeks (V4), on plant growth and flowering, leaf photosynthesis, and leaf metabolic profile in plants grown in pot in a cold greenhouse. Net photosynthesis (NP) was higher in MDR than in MBO. In the two genotypes, the NP did not change in V2 and increased in V4 compared to C in MBO, while was unaffected by vernalization in MDR. Quantum yield of PSII electron transport (ΦPSII), linear electron transport rate (ETR) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) did not differ in the two hybrids, whereas maximal PSII photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) was higher in MBO than in MDR. Fluorescence indexes were unaffected by the preparation procedure, except for ETR, which decreased in V2 compared to C and V4 in MDR. A significant interaction between genotype and preparation procedure was found in plant leaf area, which was reduced only in V4 in MBO, while decreased in both the vernalization procedures in MDR. In Control plants, flowering started in 65 days in MBO and 69 days in MDR. Compared to controls, both the vernalization treatments anticipated flowering in MDR, while they were detrimental or only slightly efficient in promoting flowering in MBO. Vernalization always reduced the quality of flower stems in both the hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Marta Fusco
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Petronia Carillo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Nicastro
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Carmen Arena
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Paradiso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Naples, Italy
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Rios CO, Siqueira-Silva AI, Pereira EG. Revegetation of mining-impacted sites with a tropical native grass: Constraints of climate seasonality and trace-element accumulation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 326:116655. [PMID: 36368206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The iron ore mining activity results in considerable waste production and impacts on surrounding ecosystems. Natural recovery of impacted areas is absent or occurs slowly, especially when associated with prolonged dry seasons in tropical regions. The objective of this work was to unveil the mechanisms of Paspalum densum (Poir.) grass to overcome the periods of seasonal drought and its metal accumulation in areas impacted by iron mining, a tailings storage facilities and surrounding ferruginous grassland in Brazil. Lower mortality was observed among individuals in the tailings storage facilities, with a 74.3% survival rate. In contrast, after the beginning of the dry season, all individuals died in the ferruginous grassland. The plants in the tailings deposits showed better nutrition, with a higher concentration of P, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn and greater capacity to accumulate Pb and Cd over time. Pb was the element with highest bioconcetration factor (BCF) and bioaccumulation coefficient (BAC), while Mn was the one with the highest translocation factor (TF). The dry season resulted in reduced chlorophyll a, b and total and effective quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) of P. densum individuals. However, the plants in the tailings storage facilities showed adjustments to overcome the effects of drought, with an increase in the concentration of proline in leaves and reduction of oxidative damage (MDA and H2O2) at the end of the dry season. The grass P. densum showed rapid acclimatization in the tailings storage facilities and resistance to drought through antioxidant and photosynthetic adjustments and was still able to bioaccumulate and translocate in plant tissues some metals present in the iron ore impacted sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Oliveira Rios
- Gradute Program in Management and Conservation of Natural and Agricultural Ecosystems, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Campus Florestal, 35690-000, Florestal, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Graduate Program in Plant Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Gusmão Pereira
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Campus Florestal, 35690-000, Florestal, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Zheng X, Zhang L, Jiang C, Li J, Li Y, Liu X, Li C, Wang Z, Zheng N, Fan Z. Acute effects of three surface-modified nanoplastics against Microcystis aeruginosa: Growth, microcystin production, and mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158906. [PMID: 36150599 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As plastic pollution continues to increase and plastic waste is shredded to form smaller plastic particles, there is growing concern about the potential impact of nanoplastics (NPs) on freshwater ecosystems. In this work, the effects of three surface-modified NPs, including polystyrene (PS), PS-NH2, and PS-COOH, on the growth, photosynthetic activity, oxidative damage, and microcystins (MCs) production/release of Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) were investigated. Results indicated that all three NPs significantly inhibited the growth of M. aeruginosa after a 96 h exposure, and the growth inhibition followed the order of PS-NH2 > PS > PS-COOH (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, all three NPs at the concentration of 100 mg/L significantly increased the content of intra-MCs (115 %, 147 %, and 121 % higher than the control, respectively) and extra-MCs (142 %, 175 %, and 151 % higher than the control, respectively) after a 96 h exposure (p < 0.05). Moreover, our findings also suggested that the potential mechanisms of surface-modified PS NPs on M. aeruginosa growth and MCs production/release were associated with physical constraints, photosynthetic activity obstruct, and oxidative damage. Our findings provided direct evidence for different kinds of surface modifications of PS NPs on freshwater algae and improve the understanding of the potential risk of NPs in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jue Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yanyao Li
- Laboratory of Industrial Water and Ecotechnology, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Xianglin Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chengwei Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zeming Wang
- Jinan Environmental Research Academy, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Jinan Environmental Research Academy, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Zhengqiu Fan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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50
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Wang H, Li Z, Ji S, Lv G. Response of water and photosynthetic physiological characteristics to leaf humidification in Calligonum ebinuricum. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285130. [PMID: 37141258 PMCID: PMC10159122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Foliar water uptake (FWU) has increasingly been regarded as a common approach for plants to obtain water under water-limited conditions. At present, the research on FWU has mostly focused on short-term experiments; the long-term FWU plant response remains unclear; Methods: Through a field in-situ humidification control experiment, the leaves of Calligonum ebinuricum N. A. Ivanova ex Soskov were humidified, and the changes of leaf water potential, gas exchange parameters and fluorescence physiological parameters of plants after long-term and short-term FWU were discussed; The main results were as follows: (1) After short-term humidification, the water potential of Calligonum ebinuricum decreased, the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) increased, and the plant produced photoinhibition phenomenon, indicating that short-term FWU could not alleviate drought stress. (2) After long-term humidification, the leaf water potential, chlorophyll fluorescence parameter and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) increased significantly. That is to say, after long-term FWU, the improvement of plant water status promoted the occurrence of light reaction and carbon reaction, and then increased the net photosynthetic rate (Pn); Therefore, long-term FWU is of great significance to alleviate drought stress and promote Calligonum ebinuricum growth. This study will be helpful to deepen our understanding of the drought-tolerant survival mechanism of plants in arid areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Wang
- College of Ecology and the Environmental, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhoukang Li
- College of Ecology and the Environmental, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Suwan Ji
- College of Ecology and the Environmental, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Guanghui Lv
- College of Ecology and the Environmental, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
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