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Zhang S, Wang L, Fu X, Tsang YF, Maiti K. A continuous flow membrane bio-reactor releases the feedback inhibition of self-generated free organic carbon on cbb gene transcription of a typical chemoautotrophic bacterium to improve its CO 2 fixation efficiency. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:143186. [PMID: 33131832 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since the free organic carbon (FOC) generated by chemoautotrophic bacterium self has a feedback inhibition effect on its growth and carbon fixation, a continuous flow membrane bio-reactor was designed to remove extracellular FOC (EFOC) and release its inhibition effect. The promotion effect of membrane reactor on growth and carbon fixation of typical chemoautotrophic bacterium and its mechanism were studied. The accumulated apparent carbon fixation yield in membrane reactor was 3.24 times that in the control reactor. The EFOC per unit bacteria and cbb gene transcription level in membrane reactor were about 0.41 times and 11.18 times that in control reactor in late stage, respectively. Membrane reactor separated out EFOC, especially the small molecules, which facilitated the release of intracellular FOC, thereby releasing the inhibition of FOC on cbb gene transcription, thus promoting growth and carbon fixation of the typical chemoautotrophic bacterium. This study lays a foundation for enhancing carbon fixation by chemoautotrophic bacteria and expands the application field of membrane reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, China; Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, China.
| | - Xiaohua Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, China
| | - Yiu Fai Tsang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kanchan Maiti
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Heijnen JJ, Van Dijken JP. In search of a thermodynamic description of biomass yields for the chemotrophic growth of microorganisms. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 39:833-58. [PMID: 18601018 DOI: 10.1002/bit.260390806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Correlations for the prediction of biomass yields are valuable, and many proposals based on a number of parameters (Y(ATP), Y(Ave), eta(o), Y(c), Gibbs energy efficiencies, and enthalpy efficiencies) have been published. This article critically examines the properties of the proposed parameters with respect to the general applicability to chemotrophic growth systems, a clear relation to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, the absence of intrinsic problems, and a requirement of only black box information. It appears that none of the proposed parameters satisfies all these requirements. Particularly, the various energetic efficiency parameters suffer from major intrinsic problems. However, this article will show that the Gibbs energy dissipation per amount of produced biomass (kJ/C-mod) is a parameter which satisfies the requirements without having intrinsic problems. A simple correlation is found which provides the Gibbs energy dissipation/C-mol biomass as a function of the nature of the C-source (expressed as the carbon chain length and the degree of reduction). This dissipation appears to be nearly independent of the nature of the electron acceptor (e.g., O(2), No(3) (-), fermentation). Hence, a single correlation can describe a very wide range of microbial growth systems. In this respect, Gibbs energy dissipation is much more useful than heat production/C-mol biomass, which is strongly dependent on the electron acceptor used. Evidence is presented that even a net heat-uptake can occur in certain growth systems.The correlation of Gibbs energy dissipation thus obtained shows that dissipation/C-mol biomass increases for C-sources with smaller chain length (C(6) --> C(1)), and increases for both higher and lower degrees of reduction than 4. It appears that the dissipation/C-mol biomass can be regarded as a simple thermodynamic measure of the amount of biochemical "work" required to convert the carbon source into biomass by the proper irreversible carbon-carbon coupling and oxidation/reduction reactions. This is supported by the good correlation between the theoretical ATP requirement for biomass formation on different C-sources and the dissipation values (kJ/C-mol biomass) found. The established correlation for the Gibbs energy dissipation allows the prediction of the chemotrophic biomass yield on substrate with an error of 13% in the yield range 0.01 to 0.80 C-mol biomass/(C)-mol substrate for aerobic/anaerobic/denitrifying growth systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Heijnen
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
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3
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Gurung A, Chakraborty R. The role ofAcidithiobacillus ferrooxidansin alleviating the inhibitory effect of thiosulfate on the growth of acidophilicAcidiphiliumspecies isolated from acid mine drainage samples from Garubathan, India. Can J Microbiol 2009; 55:1040-8. [DOI: 10.1139/w09-062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several acidophilic chemolithoautotrophic and heterotrophic strains were isolated from acid mine drainage samples from Garubathan, West Bengal, India. The strains, chemolithoautotrophic DK6.1 and heterotrophic DKAP1.1, used in this study were assigned to the species Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidiphilium cryptum , respectively. Unamended filtered and subsequently autoclaved elemental sulfur spent medium of A. ferrooxidans was used as the medium to study heterotrophic growth of A. cryptum DKAP1.1. While characterizing the heterotrophic strain, an inhibitory effect of thiosulfate on A. cryptum DKAP1.1 was identified. The lethality of thiosulfate broth was directly related to the concentration of thiosulfate in the medium. Nonviability of A. cryptum DKAP1.1 in the presence of thiosulfate was alleviated by A. ferrooxidans DK6.1 in co-culture. Microbiological data on a positive growth effect for A. ferrooxidans DK6.1 caused by co-culturing in solid media in the presence of A. cryptum DKAP1.1 is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudra Gurung
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, India
| | - Ranadhir Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, India
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4
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Xiao J, VanBriesen JM. Expanded thermodynamic true yield prediction model: adjustments and limitations. Biodegradation 2007; 19:99-127. [PMID: 17562190 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-007-9119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial yield prediction is critical for bioprocess optimization and modeling of natural biological systems. In previous work, an expanded thermodynamic true yield prediction model was developed through incorporating carbon balance and nitrogen balance along with electron balance and energy balance. In the present work, the application of the expanded model is demonstrated in multiple growth situations (aerobic heterotrophs, anoxic, anaerobic heterotrophs, and autolithotrophs). Two adjustments are presented that enable improved prediction when additional information regarding the environmental conditions (pH) or degradation pathway (requirement for oxygenase- or oxidase-catalyzed reactions) is known. A large data set of reported yields is presented and considered for suitability in model validation. Significant uncertainties of literature-reported yield values are described. Evaluation of the model with experimental yield values shows good predictive ability. However, the wide range in reported yields and the variability introduced into the prediction by uncertainty in model parameters, limits comprehensive validation. Our results suggest that the uncertainty of the experimental data used for validation limits further improvement of thermodynamic prediction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Xiao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890, USA
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5
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Meulenberg R, Scheer EJ, Pronk JT, Hazeu W, Bos P, Gijs Kuenen J. Metabolism of tetrathionate inThiobacillus acidophilus. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06443.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Tijhuis L, Van Loosdrecht MCM, Heijnen JJ. A thermodynamically based correlation for maintenance gibbs energy requirements in aerobic and anaerobic chemotrophic growth. Biotechnol Bioeng 1993; 42:509-19. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260420415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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7
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de Silóniz MI, Lorenzo P, Murúa M, Perera J. Characterization of a new metal-mobilizing Thiobacillus isolate. Arch Microbiol 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00248478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Meulenberg R, Pronk JT, Frank J, Hazeu W, Bos P, Kuenen JG. Purification and partial characterization of a thermostable trithionate hydrolase from the acidophilic sulphur oxidizer Thiobacillus acidophilus. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1992; 209:367-74. [PMID: 1396709 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb17298.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell-free extracts of Thiobacillus acidophilus catalysed the quantitative conversion of trithionate (S3O6(2-) to thiosulphate and sulphate. A continuous assay for quantification of experimental results was based on the difference in absorbance between trithionate and thiosulphate at 220 nm. Trithionate hydrolase was purified to near homogeneity from cell-free extracts of T. acidophilus. The molecular masses of the native enzyme and the subunit were 99 kDa (gel filtration) and 34 kDa (SDS/PAGE). The purified enzyme has a pH optimum of 3.5-4.5 and a temperature optimum of 70 degrees C. Enzyme activity was stimulated by sulphate. The stimulation of the enzyme activity by sulphate was half maximal at a concentration of 0.23 M. The Km for trithionate is 70 microM at 30 degrees C and 270 microM at 70 degrees C. Enzyme activity was lost after 36 days at 0 degrees C, 27 days at 70 degrees C; but after 97 days at 30 degrees C, 40% of the initial activity was still present: The enzyme activity was inhibited by mercury chloride, N-ethylmaleimide, thiosulphate and tetrathionate. Tetrathionate S4O6(2-) was not hydrolysed by trithionate hydrolase.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Meulenberg
- Department of Microbiology and Enzymology, Kluyver Laboratory of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
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9
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Meulenberg R, Pronk JT, Hazeu W, Bos P, Kuenen JG. Oxidation of reduced sulphur compounds by intact cells of Thiobacillus acidophilus. Arch Microbiol 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00245285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Heijnen JJ. A new thermodynamically based correlation of chemotrophic biomass yields. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1991; 60:235-56. [PMID: 1807196 DOI: 10.1007/bf00430368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A new, generally applicable, thermodynamically based method is proposed to provide an estimation of the biomass yield on arbitrary organic and inorganic substrates. Aerobic, anaerobic, denitrifying growth systems with and without reversed electrontransport are covered. The biomass yield can be estimated with only 15% error in a very wide range of microbial growth systems and biomass yields (0.01-0.80 C-mol/(C)-mol). This method is based on the use of 'Gibbs energy dissipated per C-mol produced biomass' (designated as Ds01/rAx) as the central parameter. Moreover the insufficiency of other methods based on YATP, YAve, eta o, YC and enthalpy or Gibbs energy efficiencies is shortly discussed. Also it appeared to be possible to understand the obtained correlation of Ds01/rAx in general biochemical terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Heijnen
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, The Netherlands
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11
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Pronk JT, Meijer WM, Hazeu W, van Dijken JP, Bos P, Kuenen JG. Growth of
Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
on Formic Acid. Appl Environ Microbiol 1991; 57:2057-62. [PMID: 16348525 PMCID: PMC183521 DOI: 10.1128/aem.57.7.2057-2062.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of acidophilic microorganisms were shown to be capable of oxidizing formate. These included
Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
ATCC 21834, which, however, could not grow on formate in normal batch cultures. However, the organism could be grown on formate when the substrate supply was growth limiting, e.g., in formate-limited chemostat cultures. The cell densities achieved by the use of the latter cultivation method were higher than cell densities reported for growth of
T. ferrooxidans
on ferrous iron or reduced sulfur compounds. Inhibition of formate oxidation by cell suspensions, but not cell extracts, of formate-grown
T. ferrooxidans
occurred at formate concentrations above 100 μM. This observation explains the inability of the organism to grow on formate in batch cultures. Cells grown in formate-limited chemostat cultures retained the ability to oxidize ferrous iron at high rates. Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase activities in cell extracts indicated that
T. ferrooxidans
employs the Calvin cycle for carbon assimilation during growth on formate. Oxidation of formate by cell extracts was NAD(P) independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Pronk
- Department of Microbiology and Enzymology, Kluyver Laboratory of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
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12
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Attwood MM, van Dijken JP, Pronk JT. Glucose metabolism and gluconic acid production by Acetobacter diazotrophicus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0922-338x(91)90317-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Pronk JT, Meulenberg R, van den Berg DJ, Batenburg-van der Vegte W, Bos P, Kuenen JG. Mixotrophic and Autotrophic Growth of
Thiobacillus acidophilus
on Glucose and Thiosulfate. Appl Environ Microbiol 1990; 56:3395-401. [PMID: 16348344 PMCID: PMC184959 DOI: 10.1128/aem.56.11.3395-3401.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixotrophic growth of the facultatively autotrophic acidophile
Thiobacillus acidophilus
on mixtures of glucose and thiosulfate or tetrathionate was studied in substrate-limited chemostat cultures. Growth yields in mixotrophic cultures were higher than the sum of the heterotrophic and autotrophic growth yields. Pulse experiments with thiosulfate indicated that tetrathionate is an intermediate during thiosulfate oxidation by cell suspensions of
T. acidophilus
. From mixotrophic growth studies, the energetic value of thiosulfate and tetrathionate redox equivalents was estimated to be 50% of that of redox equivalents derived from glucose oxidation. Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) activities in cell extracts and rates of sulfur compound oxidation by cell suspensions increased with increasing thiosulfate/glucose ratios in the influent medium of the mixotrophic cultures. Significant RuBPCase and sulfur compound-oxidizing activities were detected in heterotrophically grown
T. acidophilus
. Polyhedral inclusion bodies (carboxysomes) could be observed at low frequencies in thin sections of cells grown in heterotrophic, glucose-limited chemostat cultures. Highest RuBPCase activities and carboxysome abundancy were observed in cells from autotrophic, CO
2
-limited chemostat cultures. The maximum growth rate at which thiosulfate was still completely oxidized was increased when glucose was utilized simultaneously. This, together with the fact that even during heterotrophic growth the organism exhibited significant activities of enzymes involved in autotrophic metabolism, indicates that
T. acidophilus
is well adapted to a mixotrophic lifestyle. In this respect,
T. acidophilus
may have a competitive advantage over autotrophic acidophiles with respect to the sulfur compound oxidation in environments in which organic compounds are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Pronk
- Department of Microbiology and Enzymology, Kluyver Laboratory of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
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