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A rare familial rearrangement of chromosomes 9 and 15 associated with intellectual disability: a clinical and molecular study. Mol Cytogenet 2021; 14:47. [PMID: 34607577 PMCID: PMC8489072 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-021-00565-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are many reports on rearrangements occurring separately in the regions of chromosomes 9p and 15q affected in the case under study. 15q duplication syndrome is caused by the presence of at least one extra maternally derived copy of the Prader–Willi/Angelman critical region. Trisomy 9p is the fourth most frequent chromosome anomaly with a clinically recognizable syndrome often accompanied by intellectual disability. Here we report a new case of a patient with maternally derived unique complex sSMC resulting in partial trisomy of both chromosomes 9 and 15 associated with intellectual disability. Case presentation We characterise a supernumerary derivative chromosome 15: 47,XY,+der(15)t(9;15)(p21.2;q13.2), likely resulting from 3:1 malsegregation during maternal gametogenesis. Chromosomal analysis showed that a phenotypically normal mother is a carrier of balanced translocation t(9;15)(p21.1;q13.2). Her 7-year-old son showed signs of intellectual disability and a number of physical abnormalities including bilateral cryptorchidism and congenital megaureter. The child’s magnetic resonance imaging showed changes in brain volume and in structural and functional connectivity revealing phenotypic changes caused by the presence of the extra chromosome material, whereas the mother’s brain MRI was normal. Sequence analyses of the microdissected der(15) chromosome detected two breakpoint regions: HSA9:25,928,021-26,157,441 (9p21.2 band) and HSA15:30,552,104-30,765,905 (15q13.2 band). The breakpoint region on chromosome HSA9 is poor in genetic features with several areas of high homology with the breakpoint region on chromosome 15. The breakpoint region on HSA15 is located in the area of a large segmental duplication. Conclusions We discuss the case of these phenotypic and brain MRI features in light of reported signatures for 9p partial trisomy and 15 duplication syndromes and analyze how the genomic characteristics of the found breakpoint regions have contributed to the origin of the derivative chromosome. We recommend MRI for all patients with a developmental delay, especially in cases with identified rearrangements, to accumulate more information on brain phenotypes related to chromosomal syndromes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13039-021-00565-y.
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Sato A, Suzuki T, Ikeno M, Takeda J, Yamamoto Y, Shinohara M, Makino S, Takeda S, Shimizu T, Itakura A. Pure 9p duplication syndrome with aplasia of the middle phalanges of the fifth fingers. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:104005. [PMID: 32693209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.104005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
9p duplication syndrome is a common congenital anomaly syndrome with specific facial features, mental and developmental retardations, and characteristic fingers. Pure 9p duplication without other chromosomal structural variations is very rare. It has recently been reported that cases with partial 9p duplication including SMARCA2 have phenotypes overlapping with Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS). Herein, we present a family with pure 9p duplication syndrome in which phenotypes partially characteristic of CSS were identified. In one of two siblings, X-ray examination revealed hypoplasia of the distal phalanges of the fifth fingers, aplasia of the middle phalanges of the fifth fingers, and aplasia of the distal phalanges of the second to fifth toes. In pure 9p duplication together with our one affected case, 9 out of 14 cases (64.3%), excluding cases whose clinical data were unavailable, presented the absence or hypoplasia of the middle phalanges of fingers or toes. Interestingly, there are no reports on CSS with aplasia or hypoplasia of the middle phalanx. Therefore, this family might suggest that the aplasia or hypoplasia of the middle phalanges of the fifth fingers or toes is a distinct finding that can distinguish between pure 9p duplication and CSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keiai Hospital, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Mitsuru Ikeno
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Shinohara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Makino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Aiiku Research Institute for Maternal, Child Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuo Itakura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Leone PE, Pérez-Villa A, Yumiceba V, Hernández MÁ, García-Cárdenas JM, Armendáriz-Castillo I, Guerrero S, Guevara-Ramírez P, López-Cortés A, Zambrano AK, García JL, Hernández JM, Paz-Y-Miño C. De Novo Duplication of Chromosome 9p in a Female Infant: Phenotype and Genotype Correlation. J Pediatr Genet 2020; 9:69-75. [PMID: 31976149 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1696970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Trisomy 9p syndrome is the fourth most frequent chromosome aberration seen in infants. Duplication of the critical region 9p22p24 leads to mental retardation, psychomotor delay, and craniofacial and digital anomalies. We report a 2-year-old Ecuadorian girl with Trisomy 9p syndrome. Although her phenotype shares characteristics of Noonan syndrome, Giemsa trypsin banding technique shows there is an extra chromosomal segment on chromosome 14, and array analysis shows that it belongs to a duplication of 38 Mb of 9p13.1p24.3. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis detected three signals from 9p chromosome. The duplication is de novo, being another unique case of the few reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola E Leone
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Mariscal Sucre Avenue, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andy Pérez-Villa
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Mariscal Sucre Avenue, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Verónica Yumiceba
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Mariscal Sucre Avenue, Quito, Ecuador
| | - María Ángeles Hernández
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Molecular Medicine Unit, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jennyfer M García-Cárdenas
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Mariscal Sucre Avenue, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Isaac Armendáriz-Castillo
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Mariscal Sucre Avenue, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Santiago Guerrero
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Mariscal Sucre Avenue, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Patricia Guevara-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Mariscal Sucre Avenue, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andrés López-Cortés
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Mariscal Sucre Avenue, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ana Karina Zambrano
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Mariscal Sucre Avenue, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Juan Luis García
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Molecular Medicine Unit, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús María Hernández
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Medicine Unit, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - César Paz-Y-Miño
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Mariscal Sucre Avenue, Quito, Ecuador
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4
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Dhangar S, Korgaonkar S, Vundinti BR. Partial trisomy 9 (9pter->9q22.1) and partial monosomy 14 (14pter- >14q11.2) due to paternal translocation t(9;14)(q22.1;q11.2) in a case of Dysmorphic features. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2019; 8:72-77. [PMID: 30881863 PMCID: PMC6409116 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2019.01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Trisomy 9 including mosaic and partial trisomy is less frequently seen chromosomal abnormality in live born children. The pure or partial trisomy 9 frequently been reported in prenatal diagnosis and product of conception. However few studies reported partial trisomy 9 in live born children. In addition data on genotype and phenotype correlation of partial trisomy is not well understood except few case reports. Here we report a case of partial trisomy 9 and monosomy 14 with a 46,XY,der(9)t(9;14)(q22.1;q11.2)pat,-14 karyotype in a 5-year old dysmorphic child. The proband was confirmed as trisomic for 9pter->9q22.1 and monosomic for 14pter->q11.2 due to paternal t(9;14)(q22.1;q11.2) balanced translocation using a combination of conventional and molecular cytogenetic (fluorescence in situ hybridization, array-comparative genomic hybridization) techniques. The clinical features similar to pure trisomy 9 is due to duplication of the large region of chromosome 9. However, the present report of partial trisomy 9 and monosomy 14 is a novel case report and showing comparatively longer survival which have not been previously reported in the literature. The parent of the proband was counseled for the future pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Babu Rao Vundinti
- National Institute of Immunohaematology (ICMR), K.E.M Hospital campus, Parel, Mumbai, India
- Address correspondence to:Dr. Babu Rao Vundinti, National Institute of Immuno-haematology (ICMR), 13th floor, new multistoried building, K.E.M Hospital campus, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India. E-mail:
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5
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Abu-Amero KK, Hellani AM, Salih MA, Seidahmed MZ, Elmalik TS, Zidan G, Bosley TM. A de novo marker chromosome derived from 9p in a patient with 9p partial duplication syndrome and autism features: genotype-phenotype correlation. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2010; 11:135. [PMID: 20858261 PMCID: PMC2946294 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-11-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous studies focusing on candidate genes and chromosomal regions identified several copy number variations (CNVs) associated with increased risk of autism or autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Case Presentation We describe a 17-year-old girl with autism, severe mental retardation, epilepsy, and partial 9p duplication syndrome features in whom GTG-banded chromosome analysis revealed a female karyotype with a marker chromosome in 69% of analyzed metaphases. Array CGH analysis showed that the marker chromosome originated from 9p24.3 to 9p13.1 with a gain of 38.9 Mb. This mosaic 9p duplication was detected only in the proband and not in the parents, her four unaffected siblings, or 258 ethnic controls. Apart from the marker chromosome, no other copy number variations (CNVs) were detected in the patient or her family. Detailed analysis of the duplicated region revealed: i) an area extending from 9p22.3 to 9p22.2 that was previously identified as a critical region for the 9p duplication syndrome; ii) a region extending from 9p22.1 to 9p13.1 that was previously reported to be duplicated in a normal individual; and iii) a potential ASD locus extending from 9p24.3 to 9p23. The ASD candidate locus contained 34 genes that may contribute to the autistic features in this patient. Conclusion We identified a potential ASD locus (9p24.3 to 9p23) that may encompass gene(s) contributing to autism or ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled K Abu-Amero
- Ophthalmic Genetics Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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6
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Hulick PJ, Noonan KM, Kulkarni S, Donovan DJ, Listewnik M, Ihm C, Stoler JM, Weremowicz S. Cytogenetic and array-CGH characterization of a complex de novo rearrangement involving duplication and deletion of 9p and clinical findings in a 4-month-old female. Cytogenet Genome Res 2010; 126:305-12. [PMID: 20068300 PMCID: PMC3711006 DOI: 10.1159/000251966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 15 patients with partial trisomy 9p involving de novo duplications have been previously described. Here, we present clinical, cytogenetic, FISH and aCGH findings in a patient with a de novo complex rearrangement in the short arm of chromosome 9 involving an inverted duplication at 9p24→p21.3 and a deletion at 9pter→p24.2. FISH probes generated from BACs selected from the UCSC genome browser were utilized to verify this rearrangement. It is likely that some previously described duplications of 9p may also be products of complex chromosomal aberrations. This report in which FISH and aCGH were used to more comprehensively characterize the genomic rearrangement in a patient with clinical manifestations of 9p duplication syndrome underscores the importance of further characterizing cytogenetically detected rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Hulick
- Harvard Partners Center for Genetics and Genomics, Medical Genetics Program and MGH Clinic, Boston, Mass, USA
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7
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Zou YS, Huang XL, Ito M, Newton S, Milunsky JM. Further delineation of the critical region for the 9p-duplication syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:272-6. [PMID: 19161157 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying S Zou
- Center for Human Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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8
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Chabchoub E, Rodríguez L, Galán E, Mansilla E, Martínez-Fernandez ML, Martínez-Frías ML, Fryns JP, Vermeesch JR. Molecular characterisation of a mosaicism with a complex chromosome rearrangement: evidence for coincident chromosome healing by telomere capture and neo-telomere formation. J Med Genet 2006; 44:250-6. [PMID: 17172463 PMCID: PMC2598050 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2006.045476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Broken chromosomes must acquire new telomeric "caps" to be structurally stable. Chromosome healing can be mediated either by telomerase through neo-telomere synthesis or by telomere capture. AIM To unravel the mechanism(s) generating complex chromosomal mosaicisms and healing broken chromosomes. METHODS G banding, array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH) and short tandem repeat analysis (STR) was performed on a girl presenting with mental retardation, facial dysmorphism, urogenital malformations and limb anomalies carrying a complex chromosomal mosaicism. RESULTS & DISCUSSION The karyotype showed a de novo chromosome rearrangement with two cell lines: one cell line with a deletion 9pter and one cell line carrying an inverted duplication 9p and a non-reciprocal translocation 5pter fragment. aCGH, FISH and STR analysis enabled the deduction of the most likely sequence of events generating this complex mosaic. During embryogenesis, a double-strand break occurred on the paternal chromosome 9. Following mitotic separation of both broken sister chromatids, one acquired a telomere vianeo-telomere formation, while the other generated a dicentric chromosome which underwent breakage during anaphase, giving rise to the del inv dup(9) that was subsequently healed by chromosome 5 telomere capture. CONCLUSION Broken chromosomes can coincidently be rescued by both telomere capture and neo-telomere synthesis.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/embryology
- Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Chromatids/genetics
- Chromatids/ultrastructure
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosome Breakage
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosome Disorders/embryology
- Chromosome Disorders/genetics
- Chromosome Inversion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/ultrastructure
- Female
- Gene Duplication
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Infant, Newborn
- Intellectual Disability/embryology
- Intellectual Disability/genetics
- Karyotyping
- Male
- Microsatellite Repeats
- Mosaicism
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Telomere/physiology
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyes Chabchoub
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
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9
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Tansatit M, Kongruttanachok N, Kongnak W, Arunpan S, Maneeshote P, Buasorn V, Praphanphoj V, Shotelersuk V. Tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve in a de novo derivative chromosome 9 with duplication of 9p13 → 9pter and deletion of 9q34.3. Am J Med Genet A 2006; 140:1981-7. [PMID: 16906562 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Montakarn Tansatit
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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10
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Bonaglia MC, Giorda R, Carrozzo R, Roncoroni ME, Grasso R, Borgatti R, Zuffardi O. 20-Mb duplication of chromosome 9p in a girl with minimal physical findings and normal IQ: narrowing of the 9p duplication critical region to 6 Mb. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 112:154-9. [PMID: 12244548 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.10699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We studied the case of a girl with a partial 9p duplication, dup(9)(p22.1 --> p13.1). Molecular cytogenetics studies defined the chromosome 9 rearrangement as a direct duplication of 20 Mb from D9S1213 to D9S52. Microsatellite analysis demonstrated the presence of a double dosage of the paternal alleles and demonstrated that the duplication occurred between sister chromatids. The patient's phenotype was almost normal, with a few minor anomalies (dolichocephaly, crowded teeth, high arched palate) and normal IQ. The breakpoint's location in this patient and previously reported cases suggest that the critical region for the 9p duplication syndrome lies within a 6-Mb portion of chromosome 9p22 between markers D9S267 and D9S1213.
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11
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de Ravel TJL, Fryns JP, Van Driessche J, Vermeesch JR. Complex chromosome re-arrangement 45,X,t(Y;9) in a girl with sex reversal and mental retardation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 124A:259-62. [PMID: 14708098 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.20372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A girl with mental retardation and multiple minor anomalies was found to have a complex chromosome 9p re-arrangement comprising a deleted, translocated Y chromosome, a deletion of the sex reversal gene region (DMRT1) at 9p, together with an inverted duplication of the more proximal part of 9p. The karyotype was 45,X,der(Y;9)(Ypter-->Yq12::9p21.1-->9p22.2::9p22.2-->9qter) de novo. The karyotypic male, phenotypic female had a dysgerminoma of the left dysplastic ovary. The patient had typical 'trisomy 9p' syndrome, and we propose that the critical region for this phenotype is located between 9p22.1 and 9p22.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J L de Ravel
- Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Belgium
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12
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de Pater JM, Ippel PF, van Dam WM, Loneus WH, Engelen JJM. Characterization of partial trisomy 9p due to insertional translocation by chromosomal (micro)FISH. Clin Genet 2002; 62:482-7. [PMID: 12485198 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2002.620611.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We describe a family with an insertion 12;9 translocation occurring in a balanced form in a mother and two sons, but in an unbalanced form in the proband, resulting in trisomy of chromosome region 9p22-->9p24. The proband manifests typical features of trisomy 9p; the clinical signs were mental and growth retardation, microcephaly, epicanthus, low-set ears, micrognathia, clinodactyly and hypoplastic phalanges of the fifth fingers, hypoplasia or absence of toenails, and extremely small genitals. The GTG-banded findings were confirmed using (micro)FISH. Intriguingly, the mother and the two carrier sons exhibited major learning difficulties that were not present in the non-carrier sister of the mother: this may be due to a gene disruption or induction of abnormal expression. Dysmorphic features were not present in the three carriers. We compare our clinical and cytogenetic findings with other cases of partial trisomy 9p reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M de Pater
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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13
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Tsezou A, Kitsiou S, Galla A, Petersen MB, Karadima G, Syrrou M, Sahlèn S, Blennow E. Molecular cytogenetic characterization and origin of two de novo duplication 9p cases. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2000; 91:102-6. [PMID: 10748406 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(20000313)91:2<102::aid-ajmg4>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We report on two additional cases with duplication of 9p, minor with facial anomalies and developmental delay. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization and single-copy probes, we showed that the first case was a direct duplication, whereas the second case was inverted. The extent of the direct duplication was defined as 9p12 --> p24 by microdissection and microcloning of the aberrant chromosome and subsequent chromosome-specific comparative genomic hybridization. DNA polymorphism analysis with eight microsatellite markers revealed that the origin of the dup(9p) was maternal in the first case, whereas it was paternal in the second.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tsezou
- Genetics Unit, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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14
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Sanlaville D, Baumann C, Lapierre JM, Romana S, Collot N, Cacheux V, Turleau C, Tachdjian G. De novo inverted duplication 9p21pter involving telomeric repeated sequences. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1999; 83:125-31. [PMID: 10190483 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19990312)83:2<125::aid-ajmg8>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report on clinical and cytogenetic findings in a boy with partial 9p duplication, dup(9)(p21pter). Clinical manifestations included facial and hand anomalies and mental retardation. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) were used to characterize further and confirm the conventional banding data. Investigation by FISH using whole chromosome 9 paint probe showed that the additional material was derived from chromosome 9. Using CGH, a region of gain was found in the chromosome segment 9p21pter. YACs and telomeric probes confirmed the duplicated region. Using the all-human telomeric sequences probe, intrachromosomal telomeric signal was noted on the short arm of the abnormal chromosome 9. Mechanism of formation of the duplication, including intrachromosomal telomeric sequences, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sanlaville
- Unité de Cytogénétique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
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15
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16
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Haddad BR, Lin AE, Wyandt H, Milunsky A. Molecular cytogenetic characterisation of the first familial case of partial 9p duplication (p22p24). J Med Genet 1996; 33:1045-7. [PMID: 9004142 PMCID: PMC1050821 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.33.12.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on a father and daughter with a partial 9p duplication, dup(9)(p22p24). Their phenotype, albeit mild, is characteristic of partial trisomy 9p. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) was used to characterise further and confirm the G banding finding. This is the first reported instance of trisomy 9p occurring in two successive generations. The duplicated segment in these two patients is among the smallest segments reported. Comparison of our two patients and 144 reported patients with trisomy 9p (partial or complete trisomy) suggests that the 9p22 region may be responsible for the observed phenotype in 9p duplication cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Haddad
- Boston University School of Medicine, Center for Human Genetics, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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Teebi AS, Gibson L, McGrath J, Meyn MS, Breg WR, Yang-Feng TL. Molecular and cytogenetic characterization of 9p- abnormalities. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1993; 46:288-92. [PMID: 8488873 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320460310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We report on 2 girls with terminal deletion of the short arm of chromosome 9 with concurrent duplication unrecognizable by routine chromosome studies. The phenotype of the patients was not specifically suggestive of the 9p-syndrome in the absence of trigonocephaly and long philtrum as cardinal manifestations. In addition to psychomotor retardation, their manifestations were mild and include upward slant of palpebral fissures and dolichomesophalangy which are characteristic of del(9p). Chromosome abnormalities were de novo in both cases. The two rearranged chromosomes 9 exhibit similar G-banding patterns and suggested the possible duplication of distal 7p. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a chromosome-7 specific library probe indeed identified that one derivative chromosome 9 was the result of a translocation between chromosomes 7 and 9 [der(9)t(7;9)(p15.3;p24] but failed to detect a signal on the other derivative 9. In the second case, the concurrent abnormality was an inverted duplication of proximal 9p and deletion of distal 9p [inv dup(9)(p13-->p22::p22-->qter)] confirmed by FISH using a chromosome 9 specific library probe. FISH clearly identified the origin of these 2 abnormal chromosomes 9 and provided crucial information for clinical evaluation. We emphasize the importance of utilizing updated cytogenetic and molecular techniques in the precise delineation of subtle or complex abnormalities where there are no useful phenotypic clues.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Teebi
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
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Rabe P, Haverkamp F, Emons D, Rosskamp R, Zerres K, Passarge E. Syndrome of developmental retardation, facial and skeletal anomalies, and hyperphosphatasia in two sisters: nosology and genetics of the Coffin-Siris syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1991; 41:350-4. [PMID: 1724113 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320410317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We report on 2 sisters, 3 and 6 years old, with a possible new syndrome consisting of developmental retardation, facial and skeletal anomalies, and hyperphosphatasia. This disorder closely resembles the Coffin-Siris syndrome (McKusick number 135900). We describe the difficulties in achieving a diagnosis. A major diagnostic clue was the radiological recognition of hypoplasia/aplasia of the terminal phalanx of the 5th finger. Minor facial anomalies and mental retardation alone had not led to the proper diagnosis. Still, several diagnostic possibilities remain. For unknown reasons both children have an increased level of serum alkaline phosphatase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rabe
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany
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Motegi T, Watanabe K, Nakamura N, Hasegawa T, Yanagawa Y. De novo tandem duplication 9p (p12----p24) with normal GALT activity in red cells. J Med Genet 1985; 22:64-6. [PMID: 2984424 PMCID: PMC1049380 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.22.1.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A 3 month old boy with a tandem duplication 9p (p12----p24) is reported. Both clinical and dermatoglyphic features were consistent with those of the trisomy 9p syndrome. However, the red cell galactose-1-P uridyl transferase (GALT) activity was normal despite the presence of the duplicated segment 9p13.
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Van Dyke DL, Miller MJ, Weiss L. The origin of inverted tandem duplications, and phenotypic effects of tandem duplication of the X chromosome long arm. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1983; 15:441-50. [PMID: 6881211 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320150309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Tandem repeats of chromosome material can arise as inverted or as direct duplications. Such duplications of the X chromosome are instructive regarding X-linked genetic determinants of phenotype. We describe a 40-year-old woman with a direct duplication Xq13.3 to Xq27.2, short stature, gonadal dysgenesis, and secondary amenorrhea. Comparison of her phenotype with that of two other women with a direct duplication of part of Xq confirms the existence of statural determinants within the region X13 to Xq21, determinants of ovarian function within X22 to X27, and the X inactivation center within or proximal to band Xq13.3. In humans, direct duplications are more frequent than inverted, but both forms are rare. The mean age of parents is normal in subjects with direct duplications, but is advanced in subjects with inverted duplications. An inverted duplication can arise from a three-break rearrangement that includes a U-type exchange; a similar origin (two breaks and a U-type exchange) and a parental age association can be postulated for dicentric inverted duplications including dicentric isochromosome X.
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Cuoco C, Gimelli G, Pasquali F, Poloni L, Zuffardi O, Alicata P, Battaglino G, Bernardi F, Cerone R, Cotellessa M, Ghidoni A, Motta S. Duplication of the short arm of chromosome 9. Analysis of five cases. Hum Genet 1982; 61:3-7. [PMID: 7129421 DOI: 10.1007/bf00291321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Five females with duplication of the short arm of one chromosome 9 are reported, one tetrasomic and four trisomic for 9p. The tetrasomy is due to an isochromosome 9p while the trisomies are due in one case to an intrachromosomal duplication present in lymphocytes but not in fibroblasts, two are secondary to translocations with chromosomes 22 and 13 respectively, and one is a mosaic with a cell line with an additional deleted chromosome 9 present in lymphocytes and fibroblasts. This analysis indicates that duplications 9p may result in impairment of ovarian function. The phenotypic differences between trisomy and tetrasomy 9p are discussed.
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