1
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Gisriel CJ, Shen G, Brudvig GW, Bryant DA. Structure of the antenna complex expressed during far-red light photoacclimation in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7335. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105590. [PMID: 38141759 PMCID: PMC10810746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Far-red light photoacclimation, or FaRLiP, is a facultative response exhibited by some cyanobacteria that allows them to absorb and utilize lower energy light (700-800 nm) than the wavelengths typically used for oxygenic photosynthesis (400-700 nm). During this process, three essential components of the photosynthetic apparatus are altered: photosystem I, photosystem II, and the phycobilisome. In all three cases, at least some of the chromophores found in these pigment-protein complexes are replaced by chromophores that have red-shifted absorbance relative to the analogous complexes produced in visible light. Recent structural and spectroscopic studies have elucidated important features of the two photosystems when altered to absorb and utilize far-red light, but much less is understood about the modified phycobiliproteins made during FaRLiP. We used single-particle, cryo-EM to determine the molecular structure of a phycobiliprotein core complex comprising allophycocyanin variants that absorb far-red light during FaRLiP in the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7335. The structure reveals the arrangement of the numerous red-shifted allophycocyanin variants and the probable locations of the chromophores that serve as the terminal emitters in this complex. It also suggests how energy is transferred to the photosystem II complexes produced during FaRLiP. The structure additionally allows comparisons with other previously studied allophycocyanins to gain insights into how phycocyanobilin chromophores can be tuned to absorb far-red light. These studies provide new insights into how far-red light is harvested and utilized during FaRLiP, a widespread cyanobacterial photoacclimation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaozhong Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Donald A Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
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2
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Jiang HW, Wu HY, Wang CH, Yang CH, Ko JT, Ho HC, Tsai MD, Bryant DA, Li FW, Ho MC, Ho MY. A structure of the relict phycobilisome from a thylakoid-free cyanobacterium. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8009. [PMID: 38049400 PMCID: PMC10696076 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phycobilisomes (PBS) are antenna megacomplexes that transfer energy to photosystems II and I in thylakoids. PBS likely evolved from a basic, inefficient form into the predominant hemidiscoidal shape with radiating peripheral rods. However, it has been challenging to test this hypothesis because ancestral species are generally inaccessible. Here we use spectroscopy and cryo-electron microscopy to reveal a structure of a "paddle-shaped" PBS from a thylakoid-free cyanobacterium that likely retains ancestral traits. This PBS lacks rods and specialized ApcD and ApcF subunits, indicating relict characteristics. Other features include linkers connecting two chains of five phycocyanin hexamers (CpcN) and two core subdomains (ApcH), resulting in a paddle-shaped configuration. Energy transfer calculations demonstrate that chains are less efficient than rods. These features may nevertheless have increased light absorption by elongating PBS before multilayered thylakoids with hemidiscoidal PBS evolved. Our results provide insights into the evolution and diversification of light-harvesting strategies before the origin of thylakoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Wei Jiang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yi Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiung Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Tse Ko
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chen Ho
- Department of Anatomy, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Daw Tsai
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Donald A Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Fay-Wei Li
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Meng-Chiao Ho
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Yang Ho
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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3
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Wang H, Zheng Z, Zheng L, Zhang Z, Dong C, Zhao J. Mutagenic analysis of the bundle-shaped phycobilisome from Gloeobacter violaceus. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 158:81-90. [PMID: 36847892 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Gloeobacter violaceus is an ancient cyanobacterium as it branches out from the basal position in the phylogenic tree of cyanobacteria. It lacks thylakoid membranes and its unique bundle-shaped type of phycobilisomes (PBS) for light harvesting in photosynthesis are located on the interior side of cytoplasmic membranes. The PBS from G. violaceus have two large linker proteins that are not present in any other PBS, Glr2806, and Glr1262, which are encoded by the genes glr2806 and glr1262, respectively. The location and functions of the linkers Glr2806 and Glr1262 are currently unclear. Here, we report the studies of mutagenetic analysis of glr2806 and the genes of cpeBA, encoding the β and α subunits of phycoerythrin (PE), respectively. In the mutant lacking glr2806, the length of the PBS rods remains unchanged, but the bundles are less tightly packed as examined by electron microscopy with negative staining. It is also shown that two hexamers are missing in the peripheral area of the PBS core, strongly suggesting that the linker Glr2806 is located in the core area instead of the rods. In the mutant lacking the cpeBA genes, PE is no longer present and the PBS rods have only three layers of phycocyanin hexamers. The construction of deletional mutants in G. violaceus, achieved for the first time, provides critical information for our understanding of its unique PBS and should be useful in studies of other aspects of this interesting organism as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhenggao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lvqin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membranes and Membrane Engineering, PKU-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chunxia Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jindong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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4
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Pessi IS, Popin RV, Durieu B, Lara Y, Tytgat B, Savaglia V, Roncero-Ramos B, Hultman J, Verleyen E, Vyverman W, Wilmotte A. Novel diversity of polar Cyanobacteria revealed by genome-resolved metagenomics. Microb Genom 2023; 9:mgen001056. [PMID: 37417735 PMCID: PMC10438808 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Benthic microbial mats dominated by Cyanobacteria are important features of polar lakes. Although culture-independent studies have provided important insights into the diversity of polar Cyanobacteria, only a handful of genomes have been sequenced to date. Here, we applied a genome-resolved metagenomics approach to data obtained from Arctic, sub-Antarctic and Antarctic microbial mats. We recovered 37 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of Cyanobacteria representing 17 distinct species, most of which are only distantly related to genomes that have been sequenced so far. These include (i) lineages that are common in polar microbial mats such as the filamentous taxa Pseudanabaena, Leptolyngbya, Microcoleus/Tychonema and Phormidium; (ii) the less common taxa Crinalium and Chamaesiphon; (iii) an enigmatic Chroococcales lineage only distantly related to Microcystis; and (iv) an early branching lineage in the order Gloeobacterales that is distributed across the cold biosphere, for which we propose the name Candidatus Sivonenia alaskensis. Our results show that genome-resolved metagenomics is a powerful tool for expanding our understanding of the diversity of Cyanobacteria, especially in understudied remote and extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor S. Pessi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rafael V. Popin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Benoit Durieu
- InBioS – Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Yannick Lara
- Early Life Traces & Evolution-Astrobiology, UR-Astrobiology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bjorn Tytgat
- Laboratory of Protistology & Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Valentina Savaglia
- InBioS – Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Laboratory of Protistology & Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Beatriz Roncero-Ramos
- InBioS – Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jenni Hultman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Helsinki, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elie Verleyen
- Laboratory of Protistology & Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Vyverman
- Laboratory of Protistology & Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annick Wilmotte
- InBioS – Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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5
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Otsu T, Eki T, Hirose Y. A hybrid type of chromatic acclimation regulated by the dual green/red photosensory systems in cyanobacteria. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:779-793. [PMID: 35751608 PMCID: PMC9434153 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are phototrophic bacteria that perform oxygenic photosynthesis. They use a supermolecular light-harvesting antenna complex, the phycobilisome (PBS), to capture and transfer light energy to photosynthetic reaction centers. Certain cyanobacteria alter the absorption maxima and/or overall structure of their PBSs in response to the ambient light wavelength-a process called chromatic acclimation (CA). One of the most well-known CA types is the response to green and red light, which is controlled by either the RcaEFC or CcaSR photosensory system. Here, we characterized a hybrid type of CA in the cyanobacterium Pleurocapsa sp. Pasteur Culture Collection (PCC) 7319 that uses both RcaEFC and CcaSR systems. In vivo spectroscopy suggested that strain PCC 7319 alters the relative composition of green-absorbing phycoerythrin and red-absorbing phycocyanin in the PBS. RNA sequencing and promoter motif analyses suggested that the RcaEFC system induces a gene operon for phycocyanin under red light, whereas the CcaSR system induces a rod-membrane linker gene under green light. Induction of the phycoerythrin genes under green light may be regulated through a yet unidentified photosensory system called the Cgi system. Spectroscopy analyses of the isolated PBSs suggested that hemidiscoidal and rod-shaped PBSs enriched with phycoerythrin were produced under green light, whereas only hemidiscoidal PBSs enriched with phycocyanin were produced under red light. PCC 7319 uses the RcaEFC and CcaSR systems to regulate absorption of green or red light (CA3) and the amount of rod-shaped PBSs (CA1), respectively. Cyanobacteria can thus flexibly combine diverse CA types to acclimate to different light environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuto Otsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Eki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Yuu Hirose
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
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6
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Core and rod structures of a thermophilic cyanobacterial light-harvesting phycobilisome. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3389. [PMID: 35715389 PMCID: PMC9205905 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30962-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria, glaucophytes, and rhodophytes utilize giant, light-harvesting phycobilisomes (PBSs) for capturing solar energy and conveying it to photosynthetic reaction centers. PBSs are compositionally and structurally diverse, and exceedingly complex, all of which pose a challenge for a comprehensive understanding of their function. To date, three detailed architectures of PBSs by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have been described: a hemiellipsoidal type, a block-type from rhodophytes, and a cyanobacterial hemidiscoidal-type. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of a pentacylindrical allophycocyanin core and phycocyanin-containing rod of a thermophilic cyanobacterial hemidiscoidal PBS. The structures define the spatial arrangement of protein subunits and chromophores, crucial for deciphering the energy transfer mechanism. They reveal how the pentacylindrical core is formed, identify key interactions between linker proteins and the bilin chromophores, and indicate pathways for unidirectional energy transfer. Phycobilisome (PBS) absorbs solar energy and transfer the energy to photosynthetic membrane proteins. In this study, the structures of the pentacylindrical core and rod in PBS from a thermophilic cyanobacterium by cryo-electron microscopy.
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7
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Homologs of Phycobilisome Abundance Regulator PsoR Are Widespread across Cyanobacteria. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres13020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During chromatic acclimation (CA), cyanobacteria undergo shifts in their physiology and metabolism in response to changes in their light environment. Various forms of CA, which involves the tuning of light-harvesting accessory complexes known as phycobilisomes (PBS) in response to distinct wavelengths of light, have been recognized. Recently, a negative regulator of PBS abundance, PsoR, about which little was known, was identified. We used sequence analyses and bioinformatics to predict the role of PsoR in cyanobacteria and PBS regulation and to examine its presence in a diverse range of cyanobacteria. PsoR has sequence similarities to the β-CASP family of proteins involved in DNA and RNA processing. PsoR is a putative nuclease widespread across Cyanobacteria, of which over 700 homologs have been observed. Promoter analysis suggested that psoR is co-transcribed with upstream gene tcpA. Multiple transcription factors involved in global gene regulation and stress responses were predicted to bind to the psoR-tcpA promoter. The predicted protein–protein interactions with PsoR homologs included proteins involved in DNA and RNA metabolism, as well as a phycocyanin-associated protein predicted to interact with PsoR from Fremyella diplosiphon (FdPsoR). The widespread presence of PsoR homologs in Cyanobacteria and their ties to DNA- and RNA-metabolizing proteins indicated a potentially unique role for PsoR in CA and PBS abundance regulation.
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8
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Kato K, Hamaguchi T, Nagao R, Kawakami K, Ueno Y, Suzuki T, Uchida H, Murakami A, Nakajima Y, Yokono M, Akimoto S, Dohmae N, Yonekura K, Shen JR. Structural basis for the absence of low-energy chlorophylls in a photosystem I trimer from Gloeobacter violaceus. eLife 2022; 11:73990. [PMID: 35404232 PMCID: PMC9000952 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is a multi-subunit pigment-protein complex that functions in light-harvesting and photochemical charge-separation reactions, followed by reduction of NADP to NADPH required for CO2 fixation in photosynthetic organisms. PSI from different photosynthetic organisms has a variety of chlorophylls (Chls), some of which are at lower-energy levels than its reaction center P700, a special pair of Chls, and are called low-energy Chls. However, the sites of low-energy Chls are still under debate. Here, we solved a 2.04-Å resolution structure of a PSI trimer by cryo-electron microscopy from a primordial cyanobacterium Gloeobacter violaceus PCC 7421, which has no low-energy Chls. The structure shows the absence of some subunits commonly found in other cyanobacteria, confirming the primordial nature of this cyanobacterium. Comparison with the known structures of PSI from other cyanobacteria and eukaryotic organisms reveals that one dimeric and one trimeric Chls are lacking in the Gloeobacter PSI. The dimeric and trimeric Chls are named Low1 and Low2, respectively. Low2 is missing in some cyanobacterial and eukaryotic PSIs, whereas Low1 is absent only in Gloeobacter. These findings provide insights into not only the identity of low-energy Chls in PSI, but also the evolutionary changes of low-energy Chls in oxyphototrophs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kato
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
| | | | - Ryo Nagao
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
| | | | | | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
| | | | - Akio Murakami
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University
- Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University
| | - Yoshiki Nakajima
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
| | - Makio Yokono
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University
| | | | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
| | - Koji Yonekura
- Biostructural Mechanism Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University
- Advanced Electron Microscope Development Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN Baton Zone Program
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
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9
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Shen JR. Structure, Function, and Variations of the Photosystem I-Antenna Supercomplex from Different Photosynthetic Organisms. Subcell Biochem 2022; 99:351-377. [PMID: 36151382 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-00793-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is a protein complex functioning in light-induced charge separation, electron transfer, and reduction reactions of ferredoxin in photosynthesis, which finally results in the reduction of NAD(P)- to NAD(P)H required for the fixation of carbon dioxide. In eukaryotic algae, PSI is associated with light-harvesting complex I (LHCI) subunits, forming a PSI-LHCI supercomplex. LHCI harvests and transfers light energy to the PSI core, where charge separation and electron transfer reactions occur. During the course of evolution, the number and sequences of protein subunits and the pigments they bind in LHCI change dramatically depending on the species of organisms, which is a result of adaptation of organisms to various light environments. In this chapter, I will describe the structure of various PSI-LHCI supercomplexes from different organisms solved so far either by X-ray crystallography or by cryo-electron microscopy, with emphasis on the differences in the number, structures, and association patterns of LHCI subunits associated with the PSI core found in different organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ren Shen
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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10
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Zheng L, Zheng Z, Li X, Wang G, Zhang K, Wei P, Zhao J, Gao N. Structural insight into the mechanism of energy transfer in cyanobacterial phycobilisomes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5497. [PMID: 34535665 PMCID: PMC8448738 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25813-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phycobilisomes (PBS) are the major light-harvesting machineries for photosynthesis in cyanobacteria and red algae and they have a hierarchical structure of a core and peripheral rods, with both consisting of phycobiliproteins and linker proteins. Here we report the cryo-EM structures of PBS from two cyanobacterial species, Anabaena 7120 and Synechococcus 7002. Both PBS are hemidiscoidal in shape and share a common triangular core structure. While the Anabaena PBS has two additional hexamers in the core linked by the 4th linker domain of ApcE (LCM). The PBS structures predict that, compared with the PBS from red algae, the cyanobacterial PBS could have more direct routes for energy transfer to ApcD. Structure-based systematic mutagenesis analysis of the chromophore environment of ApcD and ApcF subunits reveals that aromatic residues are critical to excitation energy transfer (EET). The structures also suggest that the linker protein could actively participate in the process of EET in both rods and the cores. These results provide insights into the organization of chromophores and the mechanisms of EET within cyanobacterial PBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvqin Zheng
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Zhenggao Zheng
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China ,grid.410645.20000 0001 0455 0905College of Life Science, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Xiying Li
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Guopeng Wang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Peijun Wei
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Jindong Zhao
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China ,grid.429211.d0000 0004 1792 6029Key Laboratory of Phycology of CAS, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430072 Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Ning Gao
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
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11
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Li M, Ma J, Li X, Sui SF. In situ cryo-ET structure of phycobilisome-photosystem II supercomplex from red alga. eLife 2021; 10:e69635. [PMID: 34515634 PMCID: PMC8437437 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycobilisome (PBS) is the main light-harvesting antenna in cyanobacteria and red algae. How PBS transfers the light energy to photosystem II (PSII) remains to be elucidated. Here we report the in situ structure of the PBS-PSII supercomplex from Porphyridium purpureum UTEX 2757 using cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging. Our work reveals the organized network of hemiellipsoidal PBS with PSII on the thylakoid membrane in the native cellular environment. In the PBS-PSII supercomplex, each PBS interacts with six PSII monomers, of which four directly bind to the PBS, and two bind indirectly. Additional three 'connector' proteins also contribute to the connections between PBS and PSIIs. Two PsbO subunits from adjacent PSII dimers bind with each other, which may promote stabilization of the PBS-PSII supercomplex. By analyzing the interaction interface between PBS and PSII, we reveal that αLCM and ApcD connect with CP43 of PSII monomer and that αLCM also interacts with CP47' of the neighboring PSII monomer, suggesting the multiple light energy delivery pathways. The in situ structures illustrate the coupling pattern of PBS and PSII and the arrangement of the PBS-PSII supercomplex on the thylakoid, providing the near-native 3D structural information of the various energy transfer from PBS to PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijing Li
- Key Laboratory for Protein Sciences of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology & Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jianfei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology & Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xueming Li
- Key Laboratory for Protein Sciences of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology & Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Sen-Fang Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology & Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and TechnologyGuangdongChina
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12
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Abstract
Photosynthetic Cyanobacteria and their descendants are the only known organisms capable of oxygenic photosynthesis. Their metabolism permanently changed the Earth’s surface and the evolutionary trajectory of life, but little is known about their evolutionary history. Genomes of the Gloeobacterales, an order of deeply divergent photosynthetic Cyanobacteria, may hold clues about the evolutionary process. However, there are only three published genomes within this order, and it is difficult to make broad inferences based on such little data. Here, I describe five species within the Gloeobacterales retrieved from publicly available databases and examine their photosynthetic gene content and the environments in which Gloeobacterales genomes and 16S rRNA gene sequences are found. The Gloeobacterales contain reduced photosystems and inhabit cold, wet-rock, and low-light environments. They are likely present in low abundances due to their low growth rate. Future searches for Gloeobacterales should target these environments, and samples should be deeply sequenced to capture the low-abundance taxa. Publicly available databases contain undescribed taxa within the Gloeobacterales. However, searching through all available data with current methods is computationally expensive. Therefore, new methods must be developed to search for these and other evolutionarily important taxa. Once identified, these novel photosynthetic Cyanobacteria will help illuminate the origin and evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis. IMPORTANCE Early branching photosynthetic Cyanobacteria such as the Gloeobacterales may provide clues into the evolutionary history of oxygenic photosynthesis, but there are few genomes or cultured taxa from this order. Five new metagenome-assembled genomes suggest that members of the Gloeobacterales all contain reduced photosystems and lack genes associated with thylakoids and circadian rhythms. Their distribution suggests that they may thrive in environments that are marginal for other species, including wet-rock and cold environments. These traits may aid in the discovery and cultivation of novel species in this clade.
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In vitro activity of reconstituted rubisco enzyme from Gloeobacter violaceus. J Biosci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-021-00188-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Abstract
Phycobilisomes (PBSs) are extremely large chromophore-protein complexes on the stromal side of the thylakoid membrane in cyanobacteria and red algae. The main function of PBSs is light harvesting, and they serve as antennas and transfer the absorbed energy to the reaction centers of two photosynthetic systems (photosystems I and II). PBSs are composed of phycobiliproteins and linker proteins. How phycobiliproteins and linkers are organized in PBSs and how light energy is efficiently harvested and transferred in PBSs are the fundamental questions in the study of photosynthesis. In this review, the structures of the red algae Griffithsia pacifica and Porphyridium purpureum are discussed in detail, along with the functions of linker proteins in phycobiliprotein assembly and in fine-tuning the energy state of chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen-Fang Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology and Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
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15
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Rahmatpour N, Hauser DA, Nelson JM, Chen PY, Villarreal A JC, Ho MY, Li FW. A novel thylakoid-less isolate fills a billion-year gap in the evolution of Cyanobacteria. Curr Biol 2021; 31:2857-2867.e4. [PMID: 33989529 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria have played pivotal roles in Earth's geological history, especially during the rise of atmospheric oxygen. However, our ability to infer the early transitions in Cyanobacteria evolution has been limited by their extremely lopsided tree of life-the vast majority of extant diversity belongs to Phycobacteria (or "crown Cyanobacteria"), while its sister lineage, Gloeobacteria, is depauperate and contains only two closely related species of Gloeobacter and a metagenome-assembled genome. Here, we describe a new cultured member of Gloeobacteria, Anthocerotibacter panamensis, isolated from a tropical hornwort. Anthocerotibacter diverged from Gloeobacter over 1.4 Ga ago and has low 16S rDNA identities with environmental samples. Our ultrastructural, physiological, and genomic analyses revealed that this species possesses a unique combination of traits that are exclusively shared with either Gloeobacteria or Phycobacteria. For example, similar to Gloeobacter, it lacks thylakoids and circadian clock genes, but the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway is typical of Phycobacteria. Furthermore, Anthocerotibacter has one of the most reduced gene sets for photosystems and phycobilisomes among Cyanobacteria. Despite this, Anthocerotibacter is capable of oxygenic photosynthesis under a wide range of light intensities, albeit with much less efficiency. Given its key phylogenetic position, distinct trait combination, and availability as a culture, Anthocerotibacter opens a new window to further illuminate the dawn of oxygenic photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pa Yu Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Juan Carlos Villarreal A
- Department of Biology, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Ming-Yang Ho
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Fay-Wei Li
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, USA; Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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16
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The Role of Selected Wavelengths of Light in the Activity of Photosystem II in Gloeobacter violaceus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084021. [PMID: 33924720 PMCID: PMC8069770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gloeobacter violaceus is a cyanobacteria species with a lack of thylakoids, while photosynthetic antennas, i.e., phycobilisomes (PBSs), photosystem II (PSII), and I (PSI), are located in the cytoplasmic membrane. We verified the hypothesis that blue–red (BR) light supplemented with a far-red (FR), ultraviolet A (UVA), and green (G) light can affect the photosynthetic electron transport chain in PSII and explain the differences in the growth of the G. violaceus culture. The cyanobacteria were cultured under different light conditions. The largest increase in G. violaceus biomass was observed only under BR + FR and BR + G light. Moreover, the shape of the G. violaceus cells was modified by the spectrum with the addition of G light. Furthermore, it was found that both the spectral composition of light and age of the cyanobacterial culture affect the different content of phycobiliproteins in the photosynthetic antennas (PBS). Most likely, in cells grown under light conditions with the addition of FR and G light, the average antenna size increased due to the inactivation of some reaction centers in PSII. Moreover, the role of PSI and gloeorhodopsin as supplementary sources of metabolic energy in the G. violaceus growth is discussed.
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17
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MacCready JS, Basalla JL, Vecchiarelli AG. Origin and Evolution of Carboxysome Positioning Systems in Cyanobacteria. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 37:1434-1451. [PMID: 31899489 PMCID: PMC7182216 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msz308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboxysomes are protein-based organelles that are essential for allowing cyanobacteria to fix CO2. Previously, we identified a two-component system, McdAB, responsible for equidistantly positioning carboxysomes in the model cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 (MacCready JS, Hakim P, Young EJ, Hu L, Liu J, Osteryoung KW, Vecchiarelli AG, Ducat DC. 2018. Protein gradients on the nucleoid position the carbon-fixing organelles of cyanobacteria. eLife 7:pii:e39723). McdA, a ParA-type ATPase, nonspecifically binds the nucleoid in the presence of ATP. McdB, a novel factor that directly binds carboxysomes, displaces McdA from the nucleoid. Removal of McdA from the nucleoid in the vicinity of carboxysomes by McdB causes a global break in McdA symmetry, and carboxysome motion occurs via a Brownian-ratchet-based mechanism toward the highest concentration of McdA. Despite the importance for cyanobacteria to properly position their carboxysomes, whether the McdAB system is widespread among cyanobacteria remains an open question. Here, we show that the McdAB system is widespread among β-cyanobacteria, often clustering with carboxysome-related components, and is absent in α-cyanobacteria. Moreover, we show that two distinct McdAB systems exist in β-cyanobacteria, with Type 2 systems being the most ancestral and abundant, and Type 1 systems, like that of S. elongatus, possibly being acquired more recently. Lastly, all McdB proteins share the sequence signatures of a protein capable of undergoing liquid–liquid phase separation. Indeed, we find that representatives of both McdB types undergo liquid–liquid phase separation in vitro, the first example of a ParA-type ATPase partner protein to exhibit this behavior. Our results have broader implications for understanding carboxysome evolution, biogenesis, homeostasis, and positioning in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S MacCready
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Joseph L Basalla
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Anthony G Vecchiarelli
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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18
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Li M, Du M, Sun R, Zhang W, Hou Y, Li Y. Application of a 2D-QSAR with a sine normalization method for the biodegradation of fluoroquinolones to poison cyanobacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:11302-11316. [PMID: 33118068 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic autotrophic aquatic prokaryotes. One of the methods for controlling cyanobacterial blooms is to destroy the phycobiliproteins required for photosynthesis. In this study, to improve the biodegradation of the fluoroquinolones through inhibit cyanobacteria, the molecular docking scores of 32 fluoroquinolones (FQs) with four categories of phycobiliproteins from cyanobacteria were calculated after sine normalization to characterize the binding ability between them. A two-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (2D-QSAR) model was constructed based on the comprehensive scores. Danofloxacin (DAN) with the highest comprehensive score was chosen for molecular modification. When docking with four categories of phycobiliproteins from cyanobacteria, the docking values of DAN-11 and DAN-16 were increased up to 35.75%. Moreover, their functional characteristics and environmentally friendly predictive values were improved. When the DAN-11 and DAN-16 molecules docked with the other cyanobacterial phycobiliproteins, indicating that the designed DAN derivatives had general applicability to poison cyanobacteria, the weak interaction forces might increase the binding ability between the DAN derivatives and the receptor phycobiliprotein compared with the target molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Li
- The Moe Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Meijin Du
- The Moe Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ruihao Sun
- The Moe Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- The Moe Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yilin Hou
- The Moe Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yu Li
- The Moe Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Puzorjov A, McCormick AJ. Phycobiliproteins from extreme environments and their potential applications. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3827-3842. [PMID: 32188986 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The light-harvesting phycobilisome complex is an important component of photosynthesis in cyanobacteria and red algae. Phycobilisomes are composed of phycobiliproteins, including the blue phycobiliprotein phycocyanin, that are considered high-value products with applications in several industries. Remarkably, several cyanobacteria and red algal species retain the capacity to harvest light and photosynthesise under highly selective environments such as hot springs, and flourish in extremes of pH and elevated temperatures. These thermophilic organisms produce thermostable phycobiliproteins, which have superior qualities much needed for wider adoption of these natural pigment-proteins in the food, textile, and other industries. Here we review the available literature on the thermostability of phycobilisome components from thermophilic species and discuss how a better appreciation of phycobiliproteins from extreme environments will benefit our fundamental understanding of photosynthetic adaptation and could provide a sustainable resource for several industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Puzorjov
- SynthSys and Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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20
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Pinevich AV. Chloroplast history clarified by the criterion of light-harvesting complex. Biosystems 2020; 196:104173. [PMID: 32534171 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2020.104173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial essence of mitochondria and chloroplasts was initially proclaimed in general outline. Later, the remarkable insight gave way to an elaborate hypothesis. Finally, it took shape of a theory confirmed by molecular biology data. In particular, the rrn operon, which is the key phylogeny marker, locates chloroplasts on the tree of Cyanobacteria. Chloroplast ancestry and diversity can be also traced with the rpoС and psbA genes, rbc operon, and other molecular criteria of prime importance. Another criterion, also highly reliable, is light-harvesting complex (LHC). LHC pigment and protein moieties specify light acclimation strategies in evolutionary retrospect and modern biosphere. The onset of symbiosis between eukaryotic host and pre-chloroplast, as well as further mutual adjustment of partners depended on physiological competence of LHC. In this review, the criterion of LHC is applied to the origin and diversity of chloroplasts. In particular, ancient cyanobacterium possessing tandem antenna (encoded by the cbp genes and the pbp genes, correspondingly), and defined as a prochlorophyte, is argued to be chloroplast ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Pinevich
- St. Petersburg State University, Department of Microbiology, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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21
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A phylogenetically novel cyanobacterium most closely related to Gloeobacter. ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:2142-2152. [PMID: 32424249 PMCID: PMC7368068 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0668-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Clues to the evolutionary steps producing innovations in oxygenic photosynthesis may be preserved in the genomes of organisms phylogenetically placed between non-photosynthetic Vampirovibrionia (formerly Melainabacteria) and the thylakoid-containing Cyanobacteria. However, only two species with published genomes are known to occupy this phylogenetic space, both within the genus Gloeobacter. Here, we describe nearly complete, metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of an uncultured organism phylogenetically placed near Gloeobacter, for which we propose the name Candidatus Aurora vandensis {Au’ro.ra. L. fem. n. aurora, the goddess of the dawn in Roman mythology; van.de’nsis. N.L. fem. adj. vandensis of Lake Vanda, Antarctica}. The MAG of A. vandensis contains homologs of most genes necessary for oxygenic photosynthesis including key reaction center proteins. Many accessory subunits associated with the photosystems in other species either are missing from the MAG or are poorly conserved. The MAG also lacks homologs of genes associated with the pigments phycocyanoerethrin, phycoeretherin and several structural parts of the phycobilisome. Additional characterization of this organism is expected to inform models of the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis.
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22
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Structural basis of energy transfer in Porphyridium purpureum phycobilisome. Nature 2020; 579:146-151. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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23
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On the interface of light-harvesting antenna complexes and reaction centers in oxygenic photosynthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:148079. [PMID: 31518567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.148079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes (PPCs) accomplish light-energy capture and photochemistry in natural photosynthesis. In this review, we examine three pigment protein complexes in oxygenic photosynthesis: light-harvesting antenna complexes and two reaction centers: Photosystem II (PSII), and Photosystem I (PSI). Recent technological developments promise unprecedented insights into how these multi-component protein complexes are assembled into higher order structures and thereby execute their function. Furthermore, the interfacial domain between light-harvesting antenna complexes and PSII, especially the potential roles of the structural loops from CP29 and the PB-loop of ApcE in higher plant and cyanobacteria, respectively, are discussed. It is emphasized that the structural nuances are required for the structural dynamics and consequently for functional regulation in response to an ever-changing and challenging environment.
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Adir N, Bar-Zvi S, Harris D. The amazing phycobilisome. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1861:148047. [PMID: 31306623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria and red-algae share a common light-harvesting complex which is different than all other complexes that serve as photosynthetic antennas - the Phycobilisome (PBS). The PBS is found attached to the stromal side of thylakoid membranes, filling up most of the gap between individual thylakoids. The PBS self assembles from similar homologous protein units that are soluble and contain conserved cysteine residues that covalently bind the light absorbing chromophores, linear tetra-pyrroles. Using similar construction principles, the PBS can be as large as 16.8 MDa (68×45×39nm), as small as 1.2 MDa (24 × 11.5 × 11.5 nm), and in some unique cases smaller still. The PBS can absorb light between 450 nm to 650 nm and in some cases beyond 700 nm, depending on the species, its composition and assembly. In this review, we will present new observations and structures that expand our understanding of the distinctive properties that make the PBS an amazing light harvesting system. At the end we will suggest why the PBS, for all of its excellent properties, was discarded by photosynthetic organisms that arose later in evolution such as green algae and higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Adir
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
| | - Shira Bar-Zvi
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Dvir Harris
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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Herrmann AJ, Gehringer MM. An investigation into the effects of increasing salinity on photosynthesis in freshwater unicellular cyanobacteria during the late Archaean. GEOBIOLOGY 2019; 17:343-359. [PMID: 30874335 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The oldest species of bacteria capable of oxygenic photosynthesis today are the freshwater Cyanobacteria Gloeobacter spp., belonging to the class Oxyphotobacteria. Several modern molecular evolutionary studies support the freshwater origin of cyanobacteria during the Archaean and their subsequent acquisition of salt tolerance mechanisms necessary for their expansion into the marine environment. This study investigated the effect of a sudden washout event from a freshwater location into either a brackish or marine environment on the photosynthetic efficiency of two unicellular freshwater cyanobacteria: the salt-tolerant Chroococcidiopsis thermalis PCC7203 and the cyanobacterial phylogenetic root species, Gloeobacter violaceus PCC7421. Strains were cultured under present atmospheric levels (PAL) of CO2 or an atmosphere containing elevated levels of CO2 and reduced O2 (eCO2 rO2 ) in simulated shallow water or terrestrial environmental conditions. Both strains exhibited a reduction in growth rates and gross photosynthesis, accompanied by significant reductions in chlorophyll a content, in brackish water, with only C. thermalis able to grow at marine salinity levels. While the experimental atmosphere caused a significant increase in gross photosynthesis rates in both strains, it did not increase their growth rates, nor the amount of O2 released. The differences in growth responses to increasing salinities could be attributed to genetic differences, with C. thermalis carrying additional genes for trehalose synthesis. This study demonstrates that, if cyanobacteria did evolve in a freshwater environment, they would have been capable of withstanding a sudden washout into increasingly saline environments. Both C. thermalis and G. violaceus continued to grow and photosynthesise, albeit at diminished rates, in brackish water, thereby providing a route for the evolution of open ocean-dwelling strains, necessary for the oxygenation of the Earth's atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim J Herrmann
- Department of Microbiology, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Michelle M Gehringer
- Department of Microbiology, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Phycobiliproteins: Molecular structure, production, applications, and prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:340-353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Mareš J, Strunecký O, Bučinská L, Wiedermannová J. Evolutionary Patterns of Thylakoid Architecture in Cyanobacteria. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:277. [PMID: 30853950 PMCID: PMC6395441 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
While photosynthetic processes have become increasingly understood in cyanobacterial model strains, differences in the spatial distribution of thylakoid membranes among various lineages have been largely unexplored. Cyanobacterial cells exhibit an intriguing diversity in thylakoid arrangements, ranging from simple parietal to radial, coiled, parallel, and special types. Although metabolic background of their variability remains unknown, it has been suggested that thylakoid patterns are stable in certain phylogenetic clades. For decades, thylakoid arrangements have been used in cyanobacterial classification as one of the crucial characters for definition of taxa. The last comprehensive study addressing their evolutionary history in cyanobacteria was published 15 years ago. Since then both DNA sequence and electron microscopy data have grown rapidly. In the current study, we map ultrastructural data of >200 strains onto the SSU rRNA gene tree, and the resulting phylogeny is compared to a phylogenomic tree. Changes in thylakoid architecture in general follow the phylogeny of housekeeping loci. Parietal arrangement is resolved as the original thylakoid organization, evolving into complex arrangement in the most derived group of heterocytous cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria occupying intermediate phylogenetic positions (greater filamentous, coccoid, and baeocytous types) exhibit fascicular, radial, and parallel arrangements, partly tracing the reconstructed course of phylogenetic branching. Contrary to previous studies, taxonomic value of thylakoid morphology seems very limited. Only special cases such as thylakoid absence or the parallel arrangement could be used as taxonomically informative apomorphies. The phylogenetic trees provide evidence of both paraphyly and reversion from more derived architectures in the simple parietal thylakoid pattern. Repeated convergent evolution is suggested for the radial and fascicular architectures. Moreover, thylakoid arrangement is constrained by cell size, excluding the occurrence of complex architectures in cyanobacteria smaller than 2 μm in width. It may further be dependent on unknown (eco)physiological factors as suggested by recurrence of the radial type in unrelated but morphologically similar cyanobacteria, and occurrence of special features throughout the phylogeny. No straightforward phylogenetic congruences have been found between proteins involved in photosynthesis and thylakoid formation, and the thylakoid patterns. Remarkably, several postulated thylakoid biogenesis factors are partly or completely missing in cyanobacteria, challenging their proposed essential roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Mareš
- Center Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia
- Department of Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Otakar Strunecký
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Lenka Bučinská
- Center Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Jana Wiedermannová
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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Structure of phycobilisome from the red alga Griffithsia pacifica. Nature 2017; 551:57-63. [DOI: 10.1038/nature24278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zlenko DV, Galochkina TV, Krasilnikov PM, Stadnichuk IN. Coupled rows of PBS cores and PSII dimers in cyanobacteria: symmetry and structure. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 133:245-260. [PMID: 28365856 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phycobilisome (PBS) is a giant water-soluble photosynthetic antenna transferring the energy of absorbed light mainly to the photosystem II (PSII) in cyanobacteria. Under the low light conditions, PBSs and PSII dimers form coupled rows where each PBS is attached to the cytoplasmic surface of PSII dimer, and PBSs come into contact with their face surfaces (state 1). The model structure of the PBS core that we have developed earlier by comparison and combination of different fine allophycocyanin crystals, as reported in Zlenko et al. (Photosynth Res 130(1):347-356, 2016b), provides a natural way of the PBS core face-to-face stacking. According to our model, the structure of the protein-protein contact between the neighboring PBS cores in the rows is the same as the contact between the APC hexamers inside the PBS core. As a result, the rates of energy transfer between the cores can occur, and the row of PBS cores acts as an integral PBS "supercore" providing energy transfer between the individual PBS cores. The PBS cores row pitch in our elaborated model (12.4 nm) is very close to the PSII dimers row pitch obtained by the electron microscopy (12.2 nm) that allowed to unite a model of the PBS cores row with a model of the PSII dimers row. Analyzing the resulting model, we have determined the most probable locations of ApcD and ApcE terminal emitter subunits inside the bottom PBS core cylinders and also revealed the chlorophyll molecules of PSII gathering energy from the PBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Zlenko
- Biological Faculty of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills, 1/12, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, Botanicheskaya St, 35, Moscow, Russia, 127276.
| | - Tatiana V Galochkina
- Biological Faculty of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills, 1/12, Moscow, Russia, 119991
- INRIA Team Dracula, INRIA Antenne Lyon la Doua, 69603, Villeurbanne, France
- Institut Camille Jordan, UMR 5208 CNRS, University Lyon 1, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pavel M Krasilnikov
- Biological Faculty of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills, 1/12, Moscow, Russia, 119991
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, Botanicheskaya St, 35, Moscow, Russia, 127276
| | - Igor N Stadnichuk
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, Botanicheskaya St, 35, Moscow, Russia, 127276
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Sato N, Ebiya Y, Kobayashi R, Nishiyama Y, Tsuzuki M. Disturbance of cell-size determination by forced overproduction of sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:734-739. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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The current status of cyanobacterial nomenclature under the "prokaryotic" and the "botanical" code. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2017; 110:1257-1269. [PMID: 28243951 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0848-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial taxonomy developed in the botanical world because Cyanobacteria/Cyanophyta have traditionally been identified as algae. However, they possess a prokaryotic cell structure, and phylogenetically they belong to the Bacteria. This caused nomenclature problems as the provisions of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN; the "Botanical Code") differ from those of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP; the "Prokaryotic Code"). While the ICN recognises names validly published under the ICNP, Article 45(1) of the ICN has not yet been reciprocated in the ICNP. Different solutions have been proposed to solve the current problems. In 2012 a Special Committee on the harmonisation of the nomenclature of Cyanobacteria was appointed, but its activity has been minimal. Two opposing proposals to regulate cyanobacterial nomenclature were recently submitted, one calling for deletion of the cyanobacteria from the groups of organisms whose nomenclature is regulated by the ICNP, the second to consistently apply the rules of the ICNP to all cyanobacteria. Following a general overview of the current status of cyanobacterial nomenclature under the two codes we present five case studies of genera for which nomenclatural aspects have been discussed in recent years: Microcystis, Planktothrix, Halothece, Gloeobacter and Nostoc.
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Hennig R, West A, Debus M, Saur M, Markl J, Sachs JN, Schneider D. The IM30/Vipp1 C-terminus associates with the lipid bilayer and modulates membrane fusion. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1858:126-136. [PMID: 27836697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
IM30/Vipp1 proteins are crucial for thylakoid membrane biogenesis in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. A characteristic C-terminal extension distinguishes these proteins from the homologous bacterial PspA proteins, and this extension has been discussed to be key for the IM30/Vipp1 activity. Here we report that the extension of the Synechocystis IM30 protein is indispensable, and argue that both, the N-terminal PspA-domain as well as the C-terminal extension are needed in order for the IM30 protein to conduct its in vivo function. In vitro, we show that the PspA-domain of IM30 is vital for stability/folding and oligomer formation of IM30 as well as for IM30-triggered membrane fusion. In contrast, the IM30 C-terminal domain is involved in and necessary to stabilize defined contacts to negatively charged membrane surfaces, and to modulate the IM30-induced membrane fusion activity. Although the two IM30 protein domains have distinct functional roles, only together they enable IM30 to work properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Hennig
- Institut für Pharmazie und Biochemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ana West
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Martina Debus
- Institut für Pharmazie und Biochemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Saur
- Institut für Zoologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jürgen Markl
- Institut für Zoologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jonathan N Sachs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Dirk Schneider
- Institut für Pharmazie und Biochemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Zhao LS, Su HN, Li K, Xie BB, Liu LN, Zhang XY, Chen XL, Huang F, Zhou BC, Zhang YZ. Supramolecular architecture of photosynthetic membrane in red algae in response to nitrogen starvation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1751-1758. [PMID: 27528560 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The availability of nitrogen is one of the most important determinants that can limit the growth of photosynthetic organisms including plants and algae; however, direct observations on the supramolecular architecture of photosynthetic membranes in response to nitrogen stress are still lacking. Red algae are an important evolutionary group of algae which contain phycobilisomes (PBSs) on their thylakoid membranes, as do cyanobacteria. PBSs function not only as light-harvesting antennae but also as nitrogen storage. In this report, alterations of the supramolecular architecture of thylakoid membranes from red alga Porphyridium cruentum during nitrogen starvation were characterized. The morphology of the intact thylakoid membrane was observed to be round vesicles. Thylakoid membranes were reduced in content and PBSs were degraded during nitrogen starvation. The size and density of PBSs were both found to be reduced. PBS size decreased by less than one-half after 20days of nitrogen starvation, but their hemispherical morphology was retained. The density of PBSs on thylakoid membranes was more seriously affected as time proceeded. Upon re-addition of nitrogen led to increasing of PBSs on thylakoid membranes. This work reports the first direct observation on alterations in the supramolecular architecture of thylakoid membranes from a photosynthetic organism in response to nitrogen stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Sheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hai-Nan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Kang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Bin-Bin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Lu-Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xi-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Feng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Bai-Cheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Watanabe M, Ikeuchi M. Phycobilisome: architecture of a light-harvesting supercomplex. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 116:265-76. [PMID: 24081814 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The phycobilisome (PBS) is an extra-membrane supramolecular complex composed of many chromophore (bilin)-binding proteins (phycobiliproteins) and linker proteins, which generally are colorless. PBS collects light energy of a wide range of wavelengths, funnels it to the central core, and then transfers it to photosystems. Although phycobiliproteins are evolutionarily related to each other, the binding of different bilin pigments ensures the ability to collect energy over a wide range of wavelengths. Spatial arrangement and functional tuning of the different phycobiliproteins, which are mediated primarily by linker proteins, yield PBS that is efficient and versatile light-harvesting systems. In this review, we discuss the functional and spatial tuning of phycobiliproteins with a focus on linker proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Watanabe
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
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Mareš J, Hrouzek P, Kaňa R, Ventura S, Strunecký O, Komárek J. The Primitive Thylakoid-Less Cyanobacterium Gloeobacter Is a Common Rock-Dwelling Organism. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66323. [PMID: 23823729 PMCID: PMC3688883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are an ancient group of photosynthetic prokaryotes, which are significant in biogeochemical cycles. The most primitive among living cyanobacteria, Gloeobacter violaceus, shows a unique ancestral cell organization with a complete absence of inner membranes (thylakoids) and an uncommon structure of the photosynthetic apparatus. Numerous phylogenetic papers proved its basal position among all of the organisms and organelles capable of plant-like photosynthesis (i.e., cyanobacteria, chloroplasts of algae and plants). Hence, G. violaceus has become one of the key species in evolutionary study of photosynthetic life. It also numbers among the most widely used organisms in experimental photosynthesis research. Except for a few related culture isolates, there has been little data on the actual biology of Gloeobacter, being relegated to an "evolutionary curiosity" with an enigmatic identity. Here we show that members of the genus Gloeobacter probably are common rock-dwelling cyanobacteria. On the basis of morphological, ultrastructural, pigment, and phylogenetic comparisons of available Gloeobacter strains, as well as on the basis of three new independent isolates and historical type specimen, we have produced strong evidence as to the close relationship of Gloeobacter to a long known rock-dwelling cyanobacterial morphospecies Aphanothece caldariorum. Our results bring new clues to solving the 40 year old puzzle of the true biological identity of Gloeobacter violaceus, a model organism with a high value in several biological disciplines. A probable broader distribution of Gloeobacter in common wet-rock habitats worldwide is suggested by our data, and its ecological meaning is discussed taking into consideration the background of cyanobacterial evolution. We provide observations of previously unknown genetic variability and phenotypic plasticity, which we expect to be utilized by experimental and evolutionary researchers worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Mareš
- Institute of Botany ASCR, Centre for Phycology, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hrouzek
- Institute of Microbiology ASCR, Department of Autotrophic Microorganisms - ALGATECH, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Kaňa
- Institute of Microbiology ASCR, Department of Autotrophic Microorganisms - ALGATECH, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Stefano Ventura
- CNR-ISE Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Otakar Strunecký
- Institute of Botany ASCR, Centre for Phycology, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Centre for Polar Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Komárek
- Institute of Botany ASCR, Centre for Phycology, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Araki M, Shimada Y, Mimuro M, Tsuchiya T. Establishment of the reporter system for a thylakoid-lacking cyanobacterium, Gloeobacter violaceus PCC 7421. FEBS Open Bio 2012; 3:11-5. [PMID: 23847755 PMCID: PMC3668518 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gloeobacter violaceus PCC 7421 is considered, by molecular phylogenetic analyses, to be an early-branching cyanobacterium within the cyanobacterial clade. G. violaceus is the only known oxygenic photosynthetic organism that lacks thylakoid membranes. There is only one report on the development of a transformation system for G. violaceus [H. Guo, X. Xu, Prog. Nat. Sci. 14 (2004) 31–35] and further studies using the system have not been reported. In the present study, we succeeded in introducing an expression vector (pKUT1121) derived from a broad-host-range plasmid, RSF1010, into G. violaceus by conjugation. The frequency of transformation of our system is significantly higher than that described in the previous report. In addition, luciferase heterologously expressed in G. violaceus functioned as a reporter. The established system will promote the molecular genetic studies on G. violaceus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tohru Tsuchiya
- Corresponding author. Address: Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. Tel.: +81 75 753 6575; fax: +81 75 753 7909.
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37
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Schmitt FJ, Maksimov EG, Hätti P, Weißenborn J, Jeyasangar V, Razjivin AP, Paschenko VZ, Friedrich T, Renger G. Coupling of different isolated photosynthetic light harvesting complexes and CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals via Förster resonance energy transfer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2012; 1817:1461-70. [PMID: 22503663 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present work describes results obtained on hybrid systems formed in aqueous buffer solution by self-assembly of different CdSe quantum dots (QDs) surrounded by a ZnS shell and functionalized by covering the surface with anionic and cationic groups and various isolated pigment-protein complexes from the light-harvesting antennae of photosynthetic organisms (light-harvesting complexes 1 and 2 (LH1 and LH2, respectively) from purple bacteria, phycobiliproteins (PBPs) from cyanobacteria and the rod-shaped PBP from the cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina). Excitation energy transfer (EET) from QDs to PBP rods was found to take place with varying and highly temperature-dependent efficiencies of up to 90%. Experiments performed at room temperature on hybrid systems with different QDs show that no straightforward correlation exists between the efficiency of EET and the parameter J/(R(12)(6)) given by the theory of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), where J is the overlap integral of the normalized QD emission and PBP absorption and R(12) the distance between the transition dipole moments of donor and acceptor. The results show that the hybrid systems cannot be described as randomly orientated aggregates consisting of QDs and photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes. Specific structural parameters are inferred to play an essential role. The mode of binding and coupling seems to change with the size of QDs and with temperature. Efficient EET and fluorescence enhancement of the acceptor was observed at particular stoichiometric ratios between QDs and trimeric phycoerythrin (PE). At higher concentrations of PE, a quenching of its fluorescence is observed in the presence of QDs. This effect is explained by the existence of additional quenching channels in aggregates formed within hybrid systems. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Photosynthesis Research for Sustainability: from Natural to Artificial.
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Affiliation(s)
- F-J Schmitt
- Institute of Chemistry, Biophysical Chemistry, Berlin Institute of Technology, Berlin, Germany.
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Murray JW. Sequence variation at the oxygen-evolving centre of photosystem II: a new class of 'rogue' cyanobacterial D1 proteins. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2012; 110:177-84. [PMID: 22187288 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-011-9714-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II is the oxygen-evolving enzyme of photosynthesis. It is a membrane-bound protein-pigment complex. The oxygen is produced at the oxygen-evolving centre (OEC), a Mn(4)CaO(5) metallocluster, which is largely ligated by amino acids of the D1 protein. The OEC-ligating residues are invariant between most cyanobacteria and higher plants. In this study, a new class of cyanobacterial D1 proteins has been identified in which the OEC metal-ligating residues are very different to the consensus. This new class of 'rogue' D1 proteins is associated with diazotrophic cyanobacteria. Their function, activity and origins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Murray
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Nguyen TA, Brescic J, Vinyard DJ, Chandrasekar T, Dismukes GC. Identification of an oxygenic reaction center psbADC operon in the cyanobacterium Gloeobacter violaceus PCC 7421. Mol Biol Evol 2011; 29:35-8. [PMID: 21903678 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msr224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gloeobacter violaceus, the earliest diverging oxyphotobacterium (cyanobacterium) on the 16S ribosomal RNA tree, has five copies of the photosystem II psbA gene encoding the D1 reaction center protein subunit. These copies are widely distributed throughout the 4.6 Mbp genome with only one copy colocalizing with other PSII subunits, in marked contrast to all other psbA genes in all publicly available sequenced genomes. A clustering of two other psb genes around psbA3 (glr2322) is unique to Gloeobacter. We provide experimental proof for the transcription of a psbA3DC operon, encoding three of the five reaction center core subunits (D1, D2, and CP43). This is the first example of a transcribed gene cluster containing the D1/D2 or D1/D2/CP43 subunits of PSII in an oxygenic phototroph (prokaryotic or eukaryotic). Implications for the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis are discussed.
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Maksimov EG, Kuzminov FI, Konyuhov IV, Elanskaya IV, Paschenko VZ. Photosystem 2 effective fluorescence cross-section of cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 and its mutants. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2011; 104:285-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rexroth S, Mullineaux CW, Ellinger D, Sendtko E, Rögner M, Koenig F. The plasma membrane of the cyanobacterium Gloeobacter violaceus contains segregated bioenergetic domains. THE PLANT CELL 2011; 23:2379-90. [PMID: 21642550 PMCID: PMC3160022 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.085779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The light reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis almost invariably take place in the thylakoid membranes, a highly specialized internal membrane system located in the stroma of chloroplasts and the cytoplasm of cyanobacteria. The only known exception is the primordial cyanobacterium Gloeobacter violaceus, which evolved before the appearance of thylakoids and harbors the photosynthetic complexes in the plasma membrane. Thus, studies on G. violaceus not only shed light on the evolutionary origin and the functional advantages of thylakoid membranes but also might include insights regarding thylakoid formation during chloroplast differentiation. Based on biochemical isolation and direct in vivo characterization, we report here structural and functional domains in the cytoplasmic membrane of a cyanobacterium. Although G. violaceus has no internal membranes, it does have localized domains with apparently specialized functions in its plasma membrane, in which both the photosynthetic and the respiratory complexes are concentrated. These bioenergetic domains can be visualized by confocal microscopy, and they can be isolated by a simple procedure. Proteomic analysis of these domains indicates their physiological function and suggests a protein sorting mechanism via interaction with membrane-intrinsic terpenoids. Based on these results, we propose specialized domains in the plasma membrane as evolutionary precursors of thylakoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Rexroth
- Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
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Williamson A, Conlan B, Hillier W, Wydrzynski T. The evolution of Photosystem II: insights into the past and future. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2011; 107:71-86. [PMID: 20512415 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-010-9559-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This article attempts to address the molecular origin of Photosystem II (PSII), the central component in oxygenic photosynthesis. It discusses the possible evolution of the relevant cofactors needed for splitting water into molecular O2 with respect to the following functional domains in PSII: the reaction center (RC), the oxygen evolving complex (OEC), and the manganese stabilizing protein (MSP). Possible ancestral sources of the relevant cofactors are considered, as are scenarios of how these components may have been brought together to produce the intermediate steps in the evolution of PSII. Most importantly, the driving forces that maintained these intermediates for continued adaptation are considered. We then apply our understanding of the evolution of PSII to the bioengineering of a water oxidizing catalyst for utilization of solar energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Williamson
- Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
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43
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Mendoza-Hernández G, Pérez-Gómez B, Krogmann DW, Gutiérrez-Cirlos EB, Gómez-Lojero C. Interactions of linker proteins with the phycobiliproteins in the phycobilisome substructures of Gloeobacter violaceus. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2010; 106:247-261. [PMID: 21136295 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-010-9601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Gloeobacter violaceus PCC 7421 is a unicellular oxygenic photosynthetic organism, which precedes the diversification of cyanobacteria in the phylogenetic tree. It is the only cyanobacterium that does not contain internal membranes. The unique structure of the rods of the phycobilisome (PBS), grouped as one bundle of six parallel rods, distinguishes G. violaceus from the other PBS-containing cyanobacteria. It has been proposed that unique multidomain rod-linkers are responsible for this peculiarly organized shape. However, the localization of the multidomain linkers Glr1262 and Glr2806 in the PBS-rods remains controversial (Koyama et al. 2006, FEBS Lett 580:3457-3461; Krogmann et al. 2007, Photosynth Res 93:27-43). To further increase our understanding of the structure of the G. violaceus PBS, the identification of the proteins present in fractions obtained from sucrose gradient centrifugation and from native electrophoresis of partially dissociated PBS was conducted. The identification of the proteins, after electrophoresis, was done by spectrophotometry and mass spectrometry. The results support the localization of the multidomain linkers as previously proposed by us. The Glr1262 (92 kDa) linker protein was found to be the rod-core linker L(RC) (92), and Glr2806 (81 kDa), a special rod linker L(R) (81) that joins six disks of hexameric PC. Consequently, we propose to designate glr1262 as gene cpcGm (encoding L(RC) (92)) and glr2806 as gene cpcJm (encoding L(R) (81)). We also propose that the cpeC (glr1263) gene encoding L(R) (31.8) forms the interface that binds PC to PE.
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Su HN, Xie BB, Zhang XY, Zhou BC, Zhang YZ. The supramolecular architecture, function, and regulation of thylakoid membranes in red algae: an overview. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2010; 106:73-87. [PMID: 20521115 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-010-9560-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Red algae are a group of eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms. Phycobilisomes (PBSs), which are composed of various types of phycobiliproteins and linker polypeptides, are the main light-harvesting antennae in red algae, as in cyanobacteria. Two morphological types of PBSs, hemispherical- and hemidiscoidal-shaped, are found in different red algae species. PBSs harvest solar energy and efficiently transfer it to photosystem II (PS II) and finally to photosystem I (PS I). The PS I of red algae uses light-harvesting complex of PS I (LHC I) as a light-harvesting antennae, which is phylogenetically related to the LHC I found in higher plants. PBSs, PS II, and PS I are all distributed throughout the entire thylakoid membrane, a pattern that is different from the one found in higher plants. Photosynthesis processes, especially those of the light reactions, are carried out by the supramolecular complexes located in/on the thylakoid membranes. Here, the supramolecular architecture, function and regulation of thylakoid membranes in red algal are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Nan Su
- The State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
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Maksimov EG, Gostev TS, Kuz’minov FI, Sluchanko NN, Stadnichuk IN, Pashchenko VZ, Rubin AB. Hybrid systems of quantum dots mixed with the photosensitive protein phycoerythrin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s199507801007013x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mimuro M, Yokono M, Akimoto S. Variations in Photosystem I Properties in the Primordial CyanobacteriumGloeobacter violaceusPCC 7421. Photochem Photobiol 2010; 86:62-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00619.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mirus O, Strauss S, Nicolaisen K, von Haeseler A, Schleiff E. TonB-dependent transporters and their occurrence in cyanobacteria. BMC Biol 2009; 7:68. [PMID: 19821963 PMCID: PMC2771747 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-7-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Different iron transport systems evolved in Gram-negative bacteria during evolution. Most of the transport systems depend on outer membrane localized TonB-dependent transporters (TBDTs), a periplasma-facing TonB protein and a plasma membrane localized machinery (ExbBD). So far, iron chelators (siderophores), oligosaccharides and polypeptides have been identified as substrates of TBDTs. For iron transport, three uptake systems are defined: the lactoferrin/transferrin binding proteins, the porphyrin-dependent transporters and the siderophore-dependent transporters. However, for cyanobacteria almost nothing is known about possible TonB-dependent uptake systems for iron or other substrates. Results We have screened all publicly available eubacterial genomes for sequences representing (putative) TBDTs. Based on sequence similarity, we identified 195 clusters, where elements of one cluster may possibly recognize similar substrates. For Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 we identified 22 genes as putative TBDTs covering almost all known TBDT subclasses. This is a high number of TBDTs compared to other cyanobacteria. The expression of the 22 putative TBDTs individually depends on the presence of iron, copper or nitrogen. Conclusion We exemplified on TBDTs the power of CLANS-based classification, which demonstrates its importance for future application in systems biology. In addition, the tentative substrate assignment based on characterized proteins will stimulate the research of TBDTs in different species. For cyanobacteria, the atypical dependence of TBDT gene expression on different nutrition points to a yet unknown regulatory mechanism. In addition, we were able to clarify a hypothesis of the absence of TonB in cyanobacteria by the identification of according sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Mirus
- JWGU Frankfurt am Main, Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Centre of Membrane Proteomics, Department of Biosciences, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
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Structural organisation of phycobilisomes from Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803 and their interaction with the membrane. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2009; 1787:272-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2009.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2008] [Revised: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Nevo R, Chuartzman SG, Tsabari O, Reich Z, Charuvi D, Shimoni E. Architecture of Thylakoid Membrane Networks. LIPIDS IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-2863-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Comparative analysis of fatty acid desaturases in cyanobacterial genomes. Comp Funct Genomics 2008:284508. [PMID: 19096516 PMCID: PMC2593844 DOI: 10.1155/2008/284508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2007] [Revised: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid desaturases are enzymes that introduce double bonds into the hydrocarbon chains of fatty acids. The fatty acid desaturases from 37 cyanobacterial genomes were identified and classified based upon their conserved histidine-rich motifs and phylogenetic analysis, which help to determine the amounts and distributions of desaturases in cyanobacterial species. The filamentous or N2-fixing cyanobacteria usually possess more types of fatty acid desaturases than that of unicellular species. The pathway of acyl-lipid desaturation for unicellular marine cyanobacteria Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus differs from that of other cyanobacteria, indicating different phylogenetic histories of the two genera from other cyanobacteria isolated from freshwater, soil, or symbiont. Strain Gloeobacter violaceus PCC 7421 was isolated from calcareous rock and lacks thylakoid membranes. The types and amounts of desaturases of this strain are distinct to those of other cyanobacteria, reflecting the earliest divergence of it from the cyanobacterial line. Three thermophilic unicellular strains, Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1 and two Synechococcus Yellowstone species, lack highly unsaturated fatty acids in lipids and contain only one Δ9 desaturase in contrast with mesophilic strains, which is probably due to their thermic habitats. Thus, the amounts and types of fatty acid desaturases are various among different cyanobacterial species, which may result from the adaption to environments in evolution.
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