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Montesco MC, Pluchinotta A, Piffanelli A, Pelizzola D, Giovannini G, Pagnini CA. Hormone Receptors and Breast Cancer: Correlations with Clinical and Histologic Features. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 70:445-50. [PMID: 6506229 DOI: 10.1177/030089168407000510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The possible relationships between hormone receptor status and several clinical (age, gynecologic history, clinical stage) and morphologic aspects (histologic grade, vascular invasion, lymphocytic infiltration, necrosis, fibrosis, elastosis and lymph node metastasis) were evaluated. A highly significant correlation between estrogen receptor levels, patient age, menses regularity and postmenopausal status was found. The histologic features most significantly related to tumor receptor status were histologic grade, lymphocytic infiltrate, necrosis and elastosis. Since these same histologic aspects appear to influence prognosis in breast cancer, the prognostic significance attributed to tumor receptor levels is substantiated. Therefore the importance of this assay is confirmed, not only for its diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, but also for its prognostic value.
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Pietribiasi F, Gugliotta P, Racca S, Di Carlo F, Bussolati G. A Combined Histological, Immunocytochemical and Biochemical Approach in the Evaluation of Estrogen Receptors in Breast Carcinomas. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 1:9-14. [PMID: 2826620 DOI: 10.1177/172460088600100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Correlation of structural and functional data might lead to better identification of hormone-dependent tumors. Sixty breast cancer specimens, sent to the biochemistry laboratory for estrogen receptor (ER) analysis, were studied here by a combined morpho-functional approach. Histological examination of needle biopsies on frozen tissue blocks showed that 12 cases (10%) were free of tumor cells; these cases mostly proved ER negative. On the other 48 cases, an immunocytochemical reaction was performed on the biopsy sections with a monoclonal antibody directed against p 29, an estrogen receptor related antigen. The staining values for p 29 and the biochemical ER findings were significantly correlated. A combined histological, immunocytochemical study seems to offer advantages in the selection of patients for hormonal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pietribiasi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Turin
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Stierer M, Rosen H, Weber R, Hanak H, Spona J, Tüchler H. Immunohistochemical and biochemical measurement of estrogen and progesterone receptors in primary breast cancer. Correlation of histopathology and prognostic factors. Ann Surg 1993; 218:13-21. [PMID: 8328824 PMCID: PMC1242895 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-199307000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors investigated correlations of estrogen-receptor and progesterone-receptor with conventional risk factors as well as histopathology in patients with primary breast cancer. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Immunohistochemically determined hormone receptors have gained importance as prognosticators in primary breast cancer, but their definitive role has not yet been evaluated. METHODS Tumor samples from 299 patients were examined for estrogen and progesterone receptors by biochemical and immunohistochemical assay. Correlations with established risk factors (tumor size, lymph node status, menopausal status, grading including subfactors) and histopathology were analyzed. RESULTS The estrogen receptor, determined by immunohistochemical method revealed positivity in 80.6% of patients; biochemical measurement yielded 76.2% positive results. The progesterone receptor measured by immunohistochemistry yielded 61.3% positivity versus 55.8% detected by biochemical analysis. Invasive lobular, tubular, and ductal invasive carcinoma with prominent stroma content ("scirrhous carcinoma") rather than ductal invasive carcinoma was more frequently estrogen-receptor positive with immunohistochemistry than with biochemical assay. For progesterone receptor, the same pattern of positivity was seen with immunohistochemical assay. With progesterone receptor determined biochemically, "scirrhous" and lobular carcinoma showed positive results in a lower proportion than invasive ductal and tubular carcinoma. Significant correlations were observed between the estrogen-receptor status, the histologic grade of malignancy, nuclear polymorphism, and the rate of mitosis with both methods (p < 0.001 respectively). Different correlations were found between tumor size, menopausal status and estrogen receptor status with both assays respectively. For the progesterone receptor status, immunohistochemistry yielded significant correlations with the histologic grade of malignancy, nuclear polymorphism, rate of mitosis (p < 0.001 respectively) as well as growth pattern (p < 0.01), while biochemical analysis revealed a correlation with nuclear polymorphism (p < 0.05). The correlation analysis of both components of the immunoreactive score revealed a more significant impact of percentage of positive cells than of staining intensity. CONCLUSIONS Immunohistochemistry detected a closer correlation between prognostic factors and receptor data than biochemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stierer
- Department of Surgery, Hanusch Medical Center, Vienna, Austria
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4
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Cuthbert A, Herbert A, Coddington R, Theaker J, Taylor I, Royle GT. Demonstration of oestrogen receptor in symptomatic breast carcinoma, using fine needle aspiration cytology. Cytopathology 1990; 1:339-47. [PMID: 2101680 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2303.1990.tb00371.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oestrogen receptor immunocytochemical assay (ER-ICA) was used to determine oestrogen receptor (ER) content of cells in fine needle aspirate (FNA) specimens from 88 breast carcinomas. In 49 of these the radioligand binding assay for oestradiol was available for comparison. The predictive value of ER-ICA staining for a positive radioligand binding assay (greater than 10 fmol/mg protein) was 95%. Although the predictive value of negative staining was only 66%, 34 out of 37 ER-ICA negative tumours had radioligand binding assays below 60 fmol/mg protein. ER-ICA staining showed a strong positive correlation with age of the patient, positivity being rare before the menopause. There was a weak inverse correlation with tumour grade but none with tumour size or lymph node status. The assessment of ER by immunocytochemistry using FNA cytology is a rapid technique, which may easily be repeated and provides a pre-operative assessment of ER status. It allows confirmation that tumour cells are present in the sample and an assessment of tumour heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cuthbert
- Department of Histopathology, Southampton General Hospital
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Isola JJ, Helin HJ, Helle MJ, Kallioniemi OP. Evaluation of cell proliferation in breast carcinoma. Comparison of Ki-67 immunohistochemical study, DNA flow cytometric analysis, and mitotic count. Cancer 1990; 65:1180-4. [PMID: 2406010 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19900301)65:5<1180::aid-cncr2820650525>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Growth kinetics of 102 breast carcinomas were studied by immunohistochemical analysis with the monoclonal antibody Ki-67, which reacts with a nuclear antigen in proliferating cells. The results were correlated with ploidy and S-phase fraction (SPF) analyzed by DNA flow cytometric study and with mitotic count analyzed by light microscopic study. The proportion of Ki-67-positive cells (Ki-67 score) in breast carcinomas varied from 0.6% to 80% (median, 6.3%). Ki-67 scores were significantly higher in the DNA aneuploid than in the DNA diploid tumors. Ki-67 scores correlated significantly with tumor SPF in DNA aneuploid tumors. In DNA diploid tumors SPF showed no correlation with Ki-67 score. High Ki-67 scores were associated with high mitotic counts (P less than 0.0001) and histologic grade (P less than 0.0001). Nuclear pleomorphism, tubule formation, or lymph node status were not correlated with Ki-67 score. In conclusion, Ki-67 immunostaining correlates with other measures of cell proliferation (SPF, mitotic count) supporting its clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Isola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland
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6
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Helin HJ, Helle MJ, Kallioniemi OP, Isola JJ. Immunohistochemical determination of estrogen and progesterone receptors in human breast carcinoma. Correlation with histopathology and DNA flow cytometry. Cancer 1989; 63:1761-7. [PMID: 2649227 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19900501)63:9<1761::aid-cncr2820630918>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Human breast carcinomas (n = 232) were evaluated for estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER, PR) by immunohistochemical study and by cytosol steroid-binding assay (n = 185). The staining was scored (histoscore) by estimates of relative nuclear staining intensity and the percentage of positively stained carcinoma cells. Of the invasive ductal carcinomas 72% were ER-positive and 55% were PR-positive. The invasive lobular, intraductal, tubular, and mucinous carcinomas were the most frequent ER-positive tumor types, whereas comedo and medullary carcinomas only rarely contained ER. Progesterone receptor was most frequently present in intraductal, tubular, and mucinous carcinomas. Better differentiated tumors with lower histologic grade were significantly associated with high prevalence of immunohistochemically determined ER and PR (P less than 0.0001). Proliferative cell fraction, determined by DNA flow cytometric study (n = 63), was inversely related to ER (P = 0.03) and PR (P = 0.05) status. Aneuploidy was independent of ER or PR content.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Helin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland
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7
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Tomasino RM, Daniele E, Nuara R, Morello V, Salvato M, Florena AM. Correlation of an Estrogen Receptor-related Phosphoprotein with Histopathological Features in Breast Cancer. Int J Biol Markers 1989; 4:95-102. [PMID: 2549126 DOI: 10.1177/172460088900400206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of 65 cases of different histological types of breast carcinoma was investigated for the immunohistochemical location of the estrogen receptor-related, 29 kD phosphoprotein using the ER-D5 monoclonal antibody.The ER-D5 response is heterogeneous in relation to some therapeutic limitations and is correlated with histopathological features of the tumors and survival. The main parameters for evaluation of breast cancers are reviewed, both those that are statistically correlated and those that are not apparently always correlated but are known to have considerable biological meaning, such as the ER-status of tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/analysis
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/analysis
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/pathology
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Breast Neoplasms/analysis
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/analysis
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Carcinoma, Papillary/analysis
- Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Phosphoproteins/analysis
- Receptors, Estrogen/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Tomasino
- Cattedra di Anatomia ed Istologia Patologica "R", University of Palermo, Italy
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8
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Abstract
Steroid C21 hydroxylase was investigated immunohistochemically with the use of antibody against cytochrome P-450 specific for steroid C21 hydroxylation (P-450C21) in normal and neoplastic human breast tissues. In the histologically normal breast, P-450C21 was exclusively present in secretory tubules and ducts. In mammary dysplasia and fibroadenoma, P-450C21 was intensively stained in epithelial cells. In gynecomastia, P-450C21 was faintly observed in epithelial cells in some cases. In intraductal and invasive ductal carcinoma, P-450C21 was observed in the cells with ductal formation. P-450C21 was not observed in medullary and mucinous carcinoma. In lobular carcinoma, only two cases were positive for P-450C21 of nine cases examined. P-450C21 is considered to be closely related to the ductal differentiation in neoplastic transformation of the breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Reiner A, Reiner G, Spona J, Schemper M, Holzner JH. Histopathologic characterization of human breast cancer in correlation with estrogen receptor status. A comparison of immunocytochemical and biochemical analysis. Cancer 1988; 61:1149-54. [PMID: 2830006 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19880315)61:6<1149::aid-cncr2820610615>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A detailed histopathologic analysis of 399 primary breast carcinomas was performed, and several morphologic features were correlated with the estrogen receptor (ER) status. In all cases ER status was determined immunocytochemically by estrogen receptor immunocytochemical assay (ER-ICA). In 359 carcinomas ER status was also biochemically determined. Invasive lobular, mucoid, and tubular carcinomas rather than ductal carcinomas were ER-positive more frequently in ER-ICA. Medullary and papillary carcinomas had corresponding lower or higher ER positivity, respectively, by both methods. The correlation of histologic grade and its single factors with ER status was statistically significant by both methods. Lymphocytic reaction to tumor showed a significant inverse relationship to ER status by both methods. A statistically significant higher number of ER-positive carcinomas in ER-ICA and dextran-coated charcoal assay (DCC) occurred when elastic tissue was present. Different associations were found between stromal content, tumor diameter, and ER status in DCC and ER-ICA, respectively.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/analysis
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/analysis
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/analysis
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma/analysis
- Carcinoma/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/analysis
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Carcinoma, Papillary/analysis
- Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Methods
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/analysis
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/pathology
- Receptors, Estrogen/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- A Reiner
- Institute of Pathology, University of Vienna, Austria
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10
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Berger U, Wilson P, McClelland RA, Davidson J, Coombes RC. Correlation of immunocytochemically demonstrated estrogen receptor distribution and histopathologic features in primary breast cancer. Hum Pathol 1987; 18:1263-7. [PMID: 2824329 DOI: 10.1016/s0046-8177(87)80411-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Frozen sections of breast cancer specimens from 114 patients were assayed for the presence of estrogen receptor (ER) with an immunocytochemical method (ERICA). Significant positive correlations were found between receptor status and various pathologic features, including better histologic degrees of differentiation (P less than 0.001), smaller tumor cell size (P = 0.001), and lower levels of either tumor necrosis (P less than 0.001) or lymphocytic infiltration (P less than 0.001). There was a significant relationship between tubular formation and ER positivity (P = 0.003). This study confirms the results from some previous studies in which ER, assessed by biochemical means, has shown a correlation with good-prognosis pathologic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Berger
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Reiner A, Kolb R, Reiner G, Jakesz R, Schemper M, Spona J. Prognostic significance of steroid hormone receptors and histopathological characterization of human breast cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1987; 113:285-90. [PMID: 3584218 DOI: 10.1007/bf00396387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Since breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, evaluation of prognosis is an obvious problem. The prognostic significance of several pathological criteria including tumor grading according to WHO, steroid hormone receptor status, histological tumor type, tumor size, and axillary lymph node involvement have been investigated. The single parameters with the strongest prognostic significance were axillary lymph node status, tumor grading, and estrogen receptor status. A significant direct correlation exists between tumor grading and steroid hormone receptors, but nevertheless on stratified analysis both factors independently affected the risk of death. Tumor size had weak prognostic importance and histological tumor types failed to show any statistically significant differences with regard to survival.
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12
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Remmele W, Hildebrand U, Hienz HA, Klein PJ, Vierbuchen M, Behnken LJ, Heicke B, Scheidt E. Comparative histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical and biochemical studies on oestrogen receptors, lectin receptors, and Barr bodies in human breast cancer. VIRCHOWS ARCHIV. A, PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY 1986; 409:127-47. [PMID: 2424168 DOI: 10.1007/bf00708323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study performed on a total of 567 cases of human female breast cancer compares the results of the biochemical assay (dextran-coated charcoal assay = DCC) for oestrogen receptor (ER) with those of several morphological methods developed for the detection of the ER or for the prediction of prognosis by use of other systems (FSA = fluorescent ligand binding assay, ER-ICA = monoclonal antibody assay for ER, LRA = lectin receptor assay using peanut agglutinin, and Barr body estimation). Whereas no correlation at all was observed among the results of the DCC and those of the FSA and Barr body estimation, the ER-ICA and the LRA showed an unanimous tendency towards higher values of ER with increasing intensity of the staining product. The results of the ER-ICA may be expressed by an immuno-reactive score (IRS) calculated from the staining intensity (SI) and the percentage of positive cells (PP). The morphological methods are evaluated with special regard to their correlation with the DCC, their theoretical basis, and their practical application. In summary, the ER-ICA appears to be the sole method directly visualizing the ER protein and--in contrast to the DCC--is therefore completely independent of the content of endogenous or exogenous oestrogens in the tumor tissue. The LRA provides valuable additional information concerning tumour differentiation and possible response to endocrine therapy, whereas the FSA and Barr body estimation should be considered as obsolete and should therefore be abandoned.
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Jakobsen A, Poulsen HS, Madsen EL, Petersen SE, Hansen HS. Ploidy level of human breast carcinoma. Relation to histopathologic features and hormone receptor content. ACTA RADIOLOGICA. ONCOLOGY 1984; 23:103-7. [PMID: 6331077 DOI: 10.3109/02841868409135997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The ploidy level was investigated by flow cytometric analysis in 143 cases of invasive intraductal mammary carcinoma. Aneuploidy was found in 70% of the tumours. Comparison of ploidy level with histopathologic features, hormone receptor status and clinical characteristics indicated that aneuploid tumours were mostly poorly differentiated (grade III) and oestrogen receptor negative (p less than 0.05). However, this applied only to postmenopausal patients. No correlation appeared between the progesterone receptor status and the ploidy level, but this parameter tended to predict the frequency of lymph node metastases. The possible prognostic significance of these findings is discussed.
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14
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Andersen JA, Mattheiem W. Markers and prognostic factors in breast cancer disease; Workshop report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0277-5379(83)90155-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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